Practical Design to Eurocode 2 - Lecture 1 Intro and Background

Eurocode 2 Webinar course

Autumn 2017

Practical Design to Eurocode 2 The webinar will start at 12.30

Course Outline Lecture

Lecture 1

Date

Speaker

Title

1

21 Se Sep p Je Jenn nny y Bur Burri ridg dge e

Intr In trod oduc ucti tion on,, Bac Backg kgro rou und an and d o ode dess

2 3

2! Sep Sep h har arle less "oodc "oodchi hild ld #2 Background, $aterials, o%er and e&&ecti%e spans ' (ct )aul "regory Bending and Shear in Bea*s

+

12 (ct (ct h har arle less "ood "oodch chil ild d n nal alys ysis is

'

1- (ct )a )aul ul "rego "regory ry

/

2/ (ct ha harle rless "oodc "oodchi hild ld e& e&lec lectio tion n and and ra rack ck on ontro troll



2 o%

Jaylina ana

olu*ns

!

- o%

Jenny Burridge

ire

-

1/ o% )aul "regory

etailing

10

23 o% Jenny Burridge

oundations

Slabs and lat Slabs

1


Autumn 2017

Introduction, Background and Codes 4ecture 1 21st Septe*ber 201

Summary: Lecture  5 Introduction 5 Background 6 Basics 5 #urocode 7#urocode 08 5 #urocode 4oad o*binations 5 #urocode 2 4oad ases 5 #urocode 1 4oads9ctions 5 #:ercise

Lecture 1

2


Autumn 2017

Introduction, Background and Codes 4ecture 1 21st Septe*ber 201

Summary: Lecture  5 Introduction 5 Background 6 Basics 5 #urocode 7#urocode 08 5 #urocode 4oad o*binations 5 #urocode 2 4oad ases 5 #urocode 1 4oads9ctions 5 #:ercise

Lecture 1

2


Autumn 2017

Introduction

Practical Design to Eurocode 2 O!"ecti#es: Starting on 21st Septe*ber 201, this ten;week 7Thursday lunchti*e8 online course will co%er the rele%ant sections o& #urocode 2, etc < considering the practical application o& the code with worked e:a*ples and hands;on polls and workshops on design. The *ost co**on structural ele*ents will be co%ered. The course is designed &or practising => engineers so will use the =>?s ationally eter*ined )ara*eters. ollowing this course delegates will@

• >now your way around #urocode 2@ )arts 1;1 6 1;2, "eneral d esign rules and &ire design. • =nderstand the conte:t &or the code, and the essential d i&&erences between #urocode 2 and BS !110 in practice. • Aa%e e:perience in design t o #urocode 2 reuire*ents. • Aa%e e:perience using the code through worked e:a*ples

Lecture 1

3


Autumn 2017

Course Outline Lecture

Date

Speaker

Title

1

21 Sep Jenny Burridge

2 3

2! Sep harles "oodchild #2 Background, $aterials, o%er and e&&ecti%e spans ' (ct )aul "regory Bending and Shear in Bea*s

+

12 (ct harles "oodchild nalysis

'

1- (ct )aul "regory

/

2/ (ct harles "oodchild e&lection and rack ontrol



2 o%

Jaylina ana

olu*ns

!

- o%

Jenny Burridge

ire

-

1/ o% )aul "regory

etailing

10

23 o% Jenny Burridge

oundations

Slabs and lat Slabs

Course $esources Course notes

Introduction, Background and odes

%so&t copies'

Pro &ormas &or e:ercises 7as and when8

(odel ans)ers 7as and when8

Lecture 1

4


Course $esources

Autumn 2017

%so&t copy'

Concise Eurocode 2

Course $esources

5

Introduction Basis o& esign

5

$aterials

5

urability and o%er

5

Structural nalysis

5

Bending and :ial orce

5

Shear

5

)unching Shear

5

Torsion

5

Ser%iceability

5

etailing C general

5

etailing C particular

5

Tying syste*s

5

)lain concrete

5

esign ids

%so&t copies'

and9 or

Lecture 1

5


Course $esources

Autumn 2017

%so&t copy'

*orked E+amples 5 Introduction 5 nalysis, actions and load arrange*ents 5 Slabs 7one;way and &lat slabs8 5 Bea*s 5 olu*ns 5 Dalls 5 nne: @ eri%ed or*ulae 5 nne: B@ Ser%iceability 4i*it State 5 nne: @ esign ids

Course $esources

%so&t copy'

o) to-Compendium 5 Introduction to #urocodes 5 "etting started 5 Slabs 5 Bea*s 5 olu*ns 5 oundations 5 lat slabs 5 e&lections 5 etaining walls 5 etailing 5 BS !'00 5 Structural &ire design

Lecture 1

e%ised #dition January 2011

6


Autumn 2017

.o To Training / Control Panel Show9Aide Show9Aide control controlpanel panel

$aterials hat@ ask uestions here hat

Session recordings will be sent a&ter about 2 hours. (ther issues@ e*ail )atience.

.o To Training 0 Polls

Lecture 1

7


Autumn 2017

Con#entions: ro* #1--2;1;1 ro* =>  T o**ent Subscripts@ #  d k w

e&&ects o& actions resistance design %alue characteristic %alue shear

*arning: Eurocode/speak1 .reek lp3a!et

Eurospeak e.g@ Eeri&y 7check8 ction 7load8 Variable action 7li%e load8 Permanent action 7dead load8 Frequent %alue 7&or S4S checks8 Quasi-permanent %alue 7&or long ter* S4S8 nne: 7appendi:8

Lecture 1

8


Autumn 2017

Background 4 Basics

Setting t3e scene CEN National Members Austria Belgium Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta The Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom

Lecture 1

Eurocodes are being/ will be used in: • EU countries • EFTA Countries • Malaysia • Singapore • Vietnam • Sri Lanka • Others?

9


Autumn 2017

T3e Eurocodes 5

BS E5 667 %EC7' : Basis o& structural design

5

BS E5 66 %EC' : ctions on Structures

5

BS E5 662 %EC2' : esign o& concrete structures

5

BS E5 668 %EC8' : esign o& steel structures

5

BS E5 669 %EC9' : esign o& co*posite steel and concrete structures

5

BS E5 66 %EC' : esign o& ti*ber structures

5

BS E5 66; %EC;' : esign o& *asonry structures

5

BS E5 66< %EC<' : "eotechnical design

5

BS E5 66= %EC=' : esign o& structures &or earthuake resistance

5

BS E5 666 %EC6' : esign o& alu*iniu* structures

Eurocode ierarc3y These

EN 1990 Basis of Design

+ NA

Structural safety, serviceability and durability

a&&ect concrete design

EN 1992 EN 1993 EN 1994 EN 1995 EN 1996 EN 1999

+ NA

Lecture 1

EN 1991 Actions on Structures

EN 1997 Geotechnical Design

Concrete Steel Com posite Timber Masonry Alu mi nium EN 1998 Seismic Design

+ NA

+ NAs

Actions on structures

Design and detailing

+ PDs

+ NA

Geotechnical & seismic design

10


Autumn 2017

>ormat o& t3e Eurocodes Eac3 Eurocode Contains: 5 ational &ront co%er

>ormat o& t3e Eurocodes Eac3 Eurocode Contains: 5 ational &ront co%er 5 ational &oreword

Lecture 1

11


Autumn 2017

>ormat o& t3e Eurocodes Eac3 Eurocode Contains: 5 ational &ront co%er 5 ational &oreword 5 # &ront co%er

>ormat o& t3e Eurocodes Eac3 Eurocode Contains: 5 ational &ront co%er 5 ational &oreword 5 # &ront co%er 5 $ain te:t and anne:es 7which *ust be as produced by #8

Lecture 1

12


Autumn 2017

>ormat o& t3e Eurocodes Eac3 Eurocode Contains: 5 ational &ront co%er 5 ational &oreword 5 # &ront co%er 5 $ain te:t and anne:es 7which *ust be as produced by #8 5 nne:es ; can by nor*ati%e and9or in&or*ati%e

>ormat o& t3e Eurocodes National Annex (NA)

Lecture 1

13


Autumn 2017

5ational nne+ T3e 5ational nne+ pro#ides: •

Ealues o& ationally eter*ined )ara*eters 7)s8 7)s ha%e been allowed &or reasons o& sa&ety, econo*y and durability8 –

#:a*ple@ $in diameter &or longitudinal steel in colu*ns φ *in F ! ** in te:t

•

The decision where *ain te:t allows alternati%es –

•

#:a*ple@ 4oad arrange*ents in l. '.1.3 718 )

The choice to adopt in&or*ati%e anne:es –

•

φ *in F 12 ** in ..

#:a*ple@ nne:es # and J are not used in the =>

on;contradictory co*ple*entary in&or*ation 7I8 –

#:a*ple@ ) //! Background paper to UK National Annexes

In these course notes = > ationally eter*ined )ara*eters 7)s8 are shown in blueG

5CCI

Lecture 1

14


Autumn 2017

>eatures o& t3e Eurocodes 5 The #urocodes contain )rinciples 7)8 which co*prise@ –

–

"eneral state*ents and de&initions & or which there is no alternati%e, as well as@ euire*ents and analytical *odels &or which no alternati%e is per*itted

5 They also contain pplication ules, which are generally rules which co*ply with the )rinciples 5 The #urocodes also use a co**a 7,8 as the deci*al *arker 7in these course notes and con%entionally in the =>, the deci*al *arker is nor*ally the de ci*al point8

•

long with all BS #s, the #urocodes will continue to be used during and a&ter Bre:it@ no change.

Eurocode %aka Eurocode 7 or EC7' BS # 1--0@2002 Basis o& structural design

Lecture 1

15


Autumn 2017

Eurocode %EC7'

# 1--0 pro%ides co*prehensi%e in&or*ation and guidance &or all the #urocodes, on the principles and re?uirements &or sa&ety and ser#icea!ility. It gi%es the partial sa&ety &actors &or actions and co*binations o& action &or the %eri&ication o& both ultimate and ser#icea!ility limit states. e.g. #0 ; =lti*ate load can be 1.3' "k H 1.'  k

Limit State Design Limit states are conditions beyond which some design criterion is violated. "enerally the structure shall be %eri&ied at@

– @ltimate Limit State@ ny condition that concerns the sa&ety o& people or structure – Ser#icea!ility Limit State@ orresponds to conditions in use o& the structure. The li*it state could be related to cracking, de&or*ation or %ibration.

Lecture 1

16


Autumn 2017

Limit State Design @ltimate Limit States@ Internal &ailure or e:cessi%e structural de&or*ation 7ST$ 8 #d ≤ d< 4oss o& euilibriu*

7EA@8

#d,dst  d,stb ailure or e:cessi%e de&or*ation o& ground

7.EO8

ailure through ti*e dependent e&&ects e.g. &atigue 7>T8

Limit State Design Ser#icea!ility Limit States@ Include: – the functioning of the structure or structural members under normal use; – the comfort of people ; – the appearance of the construction works, Generally: a) Deformations that affect the appearance, the comfort of users, or the functioning of the structure (including the functioning of machines or services), or that cause damage to finishes or nonstructural members ; b) Vibrations that cause discomfort to people, or – that limit the functional effectiveness of the structure ; c) Damage that is likely to adversely affect the appearance, the durability, or the functioning of the structure.

Lecture 1

17


Autumn 2017

Basis o& Design Dura!ility@ The structure shall be designed such that deterioration over its design working life does not impair the performance of the structure below that intended, having due regard to its environment and the anticipated level of maintenance.

eri&ication !y Partial Sa&ety >actor (et3od Principle@ Dhen using the partial &actor *ethod, it shall be %eri&ied that, in all rele%ant design situations, no rele%ant li*it state is e:ceeded when design %alues &or actions or e&&ects o& actions and resistances are used in the design *odels. i.e.

#d ≤ d

#d is the design %alue o& the e&&ect o& actions. d is the design %alue o& the corresponding resistance.

Lecture 1

18


Autumn 2017

ctions ctions: Gk  c3aracteristic permanent action  k  c3aracteristic variable action

Design alue o& ction F d  γ γ& ⋅⋅ F rep Dhere@

γ &

F partial &actor &or actions See  to BS # 1--0@ Table .1.2

rep F representative #alue o& action F ψ ⋅ F k nd@ ψ con#erts the c3aracteristic #alue o& 7a %ariable8 action to the representative #alue.

Lecture 1

19


Autumn 2017

$epresentati#e alues o& Variable ctions #ach variable action *ay take one o& &our representati%e %alues, the *ain one being the characteristic %alue. (ther representati%e %alues are obtained by the application o& ψ &actors, which can take one o& &our %alues, na*ely, 1.00 or ψ 0 or ψ 1 or ψ 2.

ψ F 1.0 when only one %ariable action is present in a co*bination. ψ 0⋅ k is the com!ination #alue o& a %ariable action. ψ 1⋅ k is the &re?uent #alue. ψ 2⋅ k is the ?uasi/permanent #alue .

$epresentati#e alues o& aria!le ctions

Ref: Gulvanessian, H ICE Proceedings, Civil Engineering 144 November 2001 p p.8-13

Lecture 1

20


Autumn 2017

@ alues o& ψ ψ >actor Ta!le 5 @ 5ational nne+ o& BS E5 667

ction I*posed loads in buildings, ategory  @ do*estic, residential ategory B @ o&&ice areas ategory  @ congregation areas ategory  @ shopping areas ategory # @ storage areas ategory  @ tra&&ic area, K 30k ategory " @ tra&&ic area, 30 C 1/0k ategory A @ roo&s Snow load@ A ≤ 1000 * a.s.l. Dind loads on buildings

ψ ψ7

ψ ψ 

ψ ψ2

0. 0. 0. 0. 1.0 0. 0. 0. 0.' 0.'

0.' 0.' 0. 0. 0.0. 0.' 0 0.2 0.2

0.3 0.3 0./ 0./ 0.! 0./ 0.3 0 0 0

Com!ination o& ctions >or eac3 critical load case design #alues o& t3e e&&ects o& actions are determined !y com!ining t3e e&&ects o& actions t3at are considered to act simultaneously Eit3er

Σ γ γ., "⋅.k,"

F γ γA, ⋅ A k,

F Σγ A,i⋅ψ 7,i⋅A k,i

E+p %;7'

Or %&or ST$ and .EO' t3e more ad#erse o&

Σγ γ γ., "⋅.k,"

F γ γA, ⋅ ψ ψ 7,⋅A k, F Σγ A,i⋅ψ 7,i⋅A k,i

E+p %;7 a'

or

Σ ξξ⋅ γ γ γ., "⋅.k," F γ γA, ⋅A k,

F Σγ A,i⋅ψ 7,i⋅A k,i

E+p %;7 !'

The %alue &or ξ &or t3e @ is 762

Lecture 1

21


Autumn 2017

@LS %.EOHST$' &or Buildings Design #alues o& actions, ultimate limit state 0 persistent and transient design situations %Ta!le 2%B' Eurocode' Com!Gtion e+pression re&erence

Permanent actions @n&a#oura!le

>a#oura!le

Leading #aria!le action

E?n %;7'

γ .,",sup Gk,",sup

γ .,",in& Gk,",in&

γ A, Q k,

E?n %;7a' γ .,",sup Gk,",sup

γ .,",in& Gk,",in&

E?n %;7!' ξ γ .,",supGk,",sup

γ .,",in& Gk,",in&

8 Gk

7 Gk

E?n %;7a' 8 Gk

7 Gk

E?n %;7!' 762+8Gk

7 Gk

E?n %;7'

ccompanying #aria!le actions (ain%i& any' Ot3ers γ A,i Ψ 7,i Q k,i γ A,Ψ 7,Q k,

γ A, Q k,

γ A,i Ψ 7,i Q k,i γ A,i Ψ 7,i Q k,i

 Q k,

 Ψ 7,i Q k,i  Ψ 7, Q k

 Q k,

 Ψ 7,i Q k,i  Ψ 7,i Q k,i

@LS %.EOHST$' &or @ Buildings Design #alues o& actions, ultimate limit state 0 persistent and transient design situations %Ta!le 2%B' Eurocode' o*bLtion e:pression re&erence

)er*anent actions

4eading %ariable action

=n&a%ourable

a%ourable

#n 7/.108 #n

 ",M,sup 1.3' !k!k,M,sup

 ",M,in&  ,1 Q Q k,1 1.0 !k!k,M,in& 1.' k,1

#n #n 7/.10a8

!k!k,M,sup 1.3'  ",M,sup

!k!k,M,in& 1.0  ",M,in&

#n #n 7/.10b8 7/.10b8

0.-2':1.3'! #  ",M,sup!k,M,sup k

1.0 !k!k,M,in& 1.'  ",M,in&  ,1 Q Q k,1 k,1

cco*panying %ariable actions $ain7i& any8 (thers  1.' Q ,i " 0,i Q k,i k,i " 0,1Q Q 1.'  k ,1" 0,1 k,1

Q 1.'  ,i " 0,i k,i 1.' Q  k,i ,i " 0,i Q k,i

or buildings #:p 7/.108 is usually used@ 8 Gk F  Q k But #:p 7/.10b8 could be used and &or one %ariable action@ 2 Gk F  Q k )ro%ided@ 1. )er*anent actions K +.' : %ariable actions 2. #:cludes storage loads

Lecture 1

22


Autumn 2017

@LS %.EOHST$' &or @ Buildings Should you use #:p 7/.108, 7/.10a8 or 7/.10b8N 3.0 8 k

Eqn (6.10)

!

Eqn (6.10a)

9 d a 2.5 o l

Eqn (6.10b)

e t a * 2.0 i t l = 7 F

, 1.5 r o t c a . 1.0

1

2

3

4

atio !k9Q k

5

4.5

6

Poll: @LS Load Com!inations %ST$' or an o&&ice slab,

• ead load F /.2' k9*2, • Superi*posed dead load F 1.' k9*2 and • I*posed load F '.0 k9*2. Dhat is n 7ulti*ate load8 in k9*2 N

Lecture 1

a

1'. k9*2

b

1'.- k9*2

c

1.2 k9*2

d

1!.0 k9*2

e

1!.- k9*2

&

1-.1 k9*2

23


Autumn 2017

Poll: @LS Load Com!inations %ST$' or an o&&ice slab,

• 4 F /.2' k9*2, • S4 F 1.' k9*2 and • I4 F '.0 k9*2. Dhat is n 7ulti*ate load8 in k9*2 N

a

1'. k9*2

b

1'.- k9*2

<2 k5Hm2 d =7 k5Hm2 e 1!.- k9*2 & 1-.1 k9*2 c

Poll: 5S*E$ @LS Load Com!inations %ST$' or an o&&ice slab, Dhat is n 7ulti*ate load in k9* 28N d

a

c

Lecture 1

&

#:p7/.108 4 /.2' S4 1.'0 I4 '.00

1.3' 1.3' 1.'0

!.++ 2.03 .'0 =7

#:p7/.10a8 4 /.2' S4 1.'0 I4 '.00

1.3' 1.3' 1.0'

!.++ 2.03 '.2' <

b

worse case

#:p7/.10b8 4

/.2'

1.2'

.!1

S4 I4

1.'0 '.00

1.2' 1.'0

1.!! .'0 <2

e

Drong 4 S4 I4

1 /.2' 1.'0 '.00

1.'0 1.'0 1.'0

-.3! 2.2' .'0

6

Drong 2 4 S4 I4

/.2' 1.'0 '.00

1.2' 1.2' 1.2'

.!1 1.!! /.2'

6

Drong 4 S4 I4

3 7BS!110G8 /.2' 1.+0 1.'0 1.+0 '.00 1./0

!.' 2.10 !.00

=6

24


Autumn 2017

E+ample: @LS Com!ination o& ctions %ST$' e.g@ )er*. action H leading %ariable action H acco*panying action e.g@ ead

H I*posed load 7(&&ice8 H wind

The ulti*ate 7ST8 design load is either@

Σγ ", M⋅"k,M H γ ,1⋅  k,1 H Σγ ,I⋅ψ 0,I⋅ k,I

#:p. 7/.108

or the *ore ad%erse o&@

Σγ ", M⋅"k,M H γ ,1⋅ ψ 0,1⋅ k,1 H Σγ ,I⋅ψ 0,I⋅ k,I

#:p. 7/.10 a8

or Σ ξ⋅ γ ", M⋅"k,M H γ ,1⋅ k,1 H Σ γ ,I⋅ψ 0,I⋅ k,I

#:p. 7/.10 b8

E+ample: @LS Com!ination o& ctions %ST$' )artial actors &or ctions 7=4S8

γ " F 1.3'

7 2.2.3.3 and Table .1.28

γ  F 1.'

7 2.2.3.3 and Table .1.28

ele%ant ψ &actors

ψ 0 C o&&ice areas F 0. ψ 0 C wind F 0.'

7Table ..1.18 7Table ..1.18

The %alue &or ξ &or the => is 0.-2'

Lecture 1

25


Autumn 2017

@LS Com!ination o& ctions %ST$' Summary The ulti*ate 7ST8 design load is either@

Σγ ", J "k,M H γ ,1  k,1 H Σγ ,I⋅ψ 0,I  k,i

#:p. 7/.108

F 1.3' !k H 1.' Q k,1 H 1.' : 0.' Q k,w

#:p. 7/.108

F 1.3' !k H 1.' Q k,1 H 0.' Q k,w

#:p. 7/.108

(r the *ore ad%erse o& Σγ ", M "k,M H γ ,1⋅ ψ 0,1  k,1 H Σγ ,I ψ 0,I  k,i

#:p. 7/.10 a8

F 1.3' !k H 1.' : 0. Q k,1 H 1.' : 0.' Q k,w F 1.3'!k or

H

Σ ξ⋅ γ ", M⋅"k,M

1.0' Q k,1

H 0.'Q k,w

#:p. 7/.10 a8 #:p. 7/.10 a8

H γ ,1⋅ k,1 H Σ γ ,I⋅ψ 0,I⋅ k,I

#:p. 7/.10 b8

F 0.-2' : 1.3'!k H 1.' Q k,1 H 1.' : 0.' Q k,w

#:p. 7/.10 b8

H 1.' Q k,1 H 0.' Q k,w

F 1.2'!k

#:p. 7/.10 b8

@LS E?uili!rium %EA@' Eurocode: Design #alues o& actions, ultimate limit state 0 persistent and transient design situations %Ta!le 2%B' Eurocode' Com!Gtion e+pression re&erence

Permanent actions @n&a#oura!le

>a#oura!le

Leading #aria!le action

ccompanying #aria!le actions

E?n %;7'

γ .,",sup Gk,",sup

γ .,",in& Gk,",in&

γ A, Q k,

γ A,i Ψ 7,i Q k,i

7 Gk

76 Gk

 Q k,

 Ψ 7,i Q k,i

(ain%i& any' Ot3ers

@: E?n %;7'

Lecture 1

26


Autumn 2017

>rames and EA@ Q k,* Gk,5 Q k, 5 Q k,S5

Q k,S Gk, Q k, Gk,2

Q k,2

ψ ψ7  7< &or Q k,2 ψ ψ7  7< &or Q k, ψ ψ7  7 &or Q k,* ψ ψ7  7< &or Q k,S

Gk,2 Q k,2 Gk,2 Q k,2 Ai in # 1--2;1;1 cl '.278



B

*ind as leading #aria!le action *ind as accompanying #aria!le action

C3eck upli&t at  

76 Gk, F 76 Σ Gk,2 /  Q k,* /  + 7< Q k,S5 / 7 Gk,5 ;  + 7< Q k,5



76 Gk, F 76 Σ Gk,2 /  + 7 Q k,* F  Q k,S5 / 7 Gk,5 /  + 7< Q k,5

ote  ccording to note in BS # 1--0 Table .1.2 78 6 => , as an alternati%e γ ", sup F 1.3'

SLS: Ser#icea!ility Limit State BS E5 667 %;8' Partial >actors &or ctions %SLS'

γ " F 1.00 γ  F 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . SubMect to

ψ 0⋅ ; combination value ψ 1⋅; freuent value. ψ 2⋅; uasi!permanent value.

So@ Com!inations o& ctions %SLS' haracteristic co*bination 7typically irre%ersible li*it states8

!k,M H Q k,1 H Σψ 0,I⋅Q k,i

reuent co*bination 7typically re%ersible li*it states8

!k,M H ψ 1,1⋅Q k,1 H Σ ψ 2,I⋅Q k,i

uasi per*anent co*bination 7typically long ter* e&&ects and appearance o& the structure8

Lecture 1

!k,M H Σ ψ 2,I⋅Q k,i

27


Autumn 2017

@ alues o& ψ ψ >actors %again' Ta!le 5 @ 5ational nne+ o& BS E5 667

ction I*posed loads in buildings, ategory  @ do*estic, residential ategory B @ o&&ice areas ategory  @ congregation areas ategory  @ shopping areas ategory # @ storage areas ategory  @ tra&&ic area, K 30k ategory " @ tra&&ic area, 30 C 1/0k ategory A @ roo&s Snow load@ A ≤ 1000 * a.s.l. Dind loads on buildings

ψ ψ7

ψ ψ 

ψ ψ2

0. 0. 0. 0. 1.0 0. 0. 0. 0.' 0.'

0.' 0.' 0. 0. 0.0. 0.' 0 0.2 0.2

0.3 0.3 0./ 0./ 0.! 0./ 0.3 0 0 0

Poll: SLS Load Com!ination or an o&&ice slab,

• 4 F /.2' k9*2, • S4 F 1.' k9*2 and • I4 F '.0 k9*2. Dhat is the uasi per*anent loadN in k9*2 N

Lecture 1

a

-.3 k9*2

b

10.3 k9*2

c

11.3 k9*2

d

12.! k9*2

e

1'.3 k9*2

28


Autumn 2017

Poll: SLS Load Com!ination or an o&&ice slab,

• 4 F /.2' k9*2, • S4 F 1.' k9*2 and • I4 F '.0 k9*2. Dhat is the uasi per*anent loadN in k9*2 N ψ 2

ψ 1 7&re.8 F 1.0 O /.2' H 1.0 O 1.' H 0.3 O '.0 ψ 0 7NN8 har. F -.2' k9*2 Drong F γ " O 4 H γ "O S4 H ψ 2OI4

a b c d e

68 k5Hm2 10.3 k9*2 11.3 k9*2 12.! k9*2 1'.3 k9*2

Load cases BS E5 667 8%8'

“The verifications shall be carried out for all relevant design situations and load cases.”

Simplified load arrangements for beams and slabs are in EC2 and the NA

Lecture 1

29


Autumn 2017

5B: T3ere are also Partial >actors in EC< / .eotec3nical design The => ational nne: to # re&ers only to esign pproach 1. Two co*binations o& partial load and partial soil &actors need consideration. )artial load &actor

)artial *aterial &actor, γ *

γ "k

γ k

tan φL

cL

cu

o*bination 1

1.3'

1.'

1.0

1.0

1.0

o*bination 2

1.0

1.3

1.2'

1.2'

1.+

ote@ where %ariable action is &a%ourable γ  F 0

φL angle o& shearing resistance 7in ter*s o& e&&ecti%e stress8 cL cohesion intercept 7in ter*s o& e&&ecti%e stress8 cu undrained shear strength These will be co%ered in 4ecture 10

Eurocode 2 Loads Cases BS # 1--2 oncrete Structures

Lecture 1

30


Autumn 2017

EC2: Load cases 4 com!inations EC2: Cl 8 gi#es one Jsimpli&iedG option:

oncise@ '.+.2

dMacent spans loaded

and lternate spans loaded

@ 5 to E5 662//: Simpli&ied load arrangements

Lecture 1

31


@ 5:

Autumn 2017

Simpli&ied load arrangements

NA gives additional options, either:

lternate spans loaded

oncise@ '.+.2

 Q k 8 Gk or 2 Gk  Q k 8 Gk or 2 Gk

and ll spans loaded

 Q k 8 Gk or 2 Gk

@ 5: rrangement o& ctions Or, for some slabs, the NA gives a 3rd option :

oncise@ '.+.2

Option 8 is all spans loaded:  Q k 8 Gk or 2 Gk Pou can use this option &or slabs i&@ 1. In a one;way spanning slab the area o& each bay e:ceeds 30*2< 2. the ratio o& the %ariable load  k to the per*anent load " k does not e:ceed 1.2'< and 3. the %ariable load  k does not e:ceed ' k9* 2 e:cluding partions.

ote@ the resulting support *o*ents e:cept those at the supports o& cantile%ers should be reduced by 20Q, with a conseuential increase in the span *o*ents.

Lecture 1

32


Autumn 2017

Pattern Loading ro* #1--0@

Ta!le 2%B' / Design #alues o& actions %ST$H.EO' %Set B' (T# 3 The characteristic %alues o& all per*anent actions &ro* one source are *ultiplied by γ ",sup i& the total resulting action e&&ect is un&a%ourable and γ ",in& i& the total resulting action e&&ect is &a%ourable. or e:a*ple, all actions originating &ro* the sel& weight o& the structure *ay be considered as co*ing &ro* one source< this also applies i& di&&erent *aterials are in%ol%ed.

There is no such note &or Ta!le 2%' / Design #alues o& actions %EA@' %Set '

There&ore there should be no pattern loading on permanent actions &or ST$ and .EO %eri&ications but there should be pattern loading on per*anent actions &or #=.

Eurocode  0 LoadsHctions BS # 1--1 ctions on structures

Lecture 1

33


Autumn 2017

Eurocode  Eurocode  3as ten parts: 5 66//

ensities, sel&;weight and i*posed loads

5 66//2

ctions on structures e:posed to &ire

5 66//8

Snow loads

5 66//9

Dind actions

5 66//

Ther*al actions

5 66//;

ctions during e:ecution

5 66//<

ccidental actions due to i*pact and e:plosions

5 66/2

Tra&&ic loads on bridges

5 66/8

ctions induced by cranes and *achinery

5 66/9

ctions in silos and tanks

E5 66// Densities, sel&/)eig3t and imposed loads •

Bulk density o& *ass concrete is 2+ k9* 3

•

Bulk density o& rein$orced concrete is 2' k9* 3 –

Lecture 1

This represents 1.!+Q rein&orce*ent

•

dd 1 k9*3 &or wet concrete

•

The =>  uses the sa*e loads as BS /3--

•

)lant loading not gi%en

34


Autumn 2017

E5 66//: Category

e+tracts &rom @ 5

E+ample @se

k %k5Hm2'

Q k %k5'

C3ar #alue o& udl

C3ar #alue o& pt load

1

ll uses within sel&;contained dwelling units

1.'

2.0

2

Bedroo*s and dor*itories

1.'

2.0

3

Bedroo*s in hotels and *otels, hospital wards and toilets

2.0

2.0

'

Balconies in single &a*ily dwelling units

2.'

2.0



Balconies in hotels and *otels

+.0 *in

2.0

B1

(&&ices &or general use

2.'

2.

'

sse*bly area without &i:ed seating, concert halls, bars, places o& worship

'.0

3./

192

Shopping areas

+.0

3./

#12

"eneral storage

2.+ per * ht

.0

#1

ense *obile stacking in warehouses

+.! per * ht

.0

7*in 1'.08

"ross %ehicle weight ≤ 30 k



2.'

10.0

E5 66// Imposed load reductions: Cl ;82 %7 4 ' #1 allows i*posed load reductions &or large &loor areas and se%eral storeys. The  *odi&ies the euation in #1@ use either@

α F 1.0 C 91000 R 0.'

7.18

where  is the area 7* 28 supported or

αn F 1.1 C n910

1n'

αn F 0./

/  n  10

αn F 0.'

n  10

7.28

where n is the nu*ber o& storeys supported

Lecture 1

35


Autumn 2017

BS E5 66/8 %5' Sno)

Snow loads

BS E5 66 /9 %5' *ind Dind speeds %b,*ap

w F cscdΣwkre& cs F sie &actor cdF dyna*ic &actor wkF p78c& 5 p78 F peak wind pressure F ce78b •

ce78 F e:posure &actor town or country

•

b F 0.'ρ7cdircseasoncprobcalt#!,map'2 o

5

ρ F 1.22/kg9* 3

c& F &orce coe&&icient

re& F area o& structure

Lecture 1

36


Autumn 2017

E+ercise 4ecture 1

Load rrangement E+ercise AO#er3anging cantile#er !eam eter*ine the γ  &actors that should be applied to "k and  k@; a8 &or euilibriu* 7#=8 7BS # 1--0, Table 1.278 6 => 8 b8 &or structural strength 7ST8 7BS # 1--0, #:p 7/.108 6 => 8

l

a

A2 Continuous single/)ay sla! ssu*ing per*anent actions F / k9*2 and %ariable actions F + k9* 2, calculate the *ost econo*ic %alue o& =4S total loading 7k9* 28 using #:ps 7/.108, 7/.10a8 and 7/.10b8 7see BS # 1--0 Table 1.27B8 6 => 8.

m

Lecture 1

m

m

37


Autumn 2017

Load rrangement E+ercise Span γ ""k H γ   k

A

%pro &orma'

ant γ ""k H γ   k

a8 #= b18 ST b28 ST l

a

γ γ. .k

A2

γ γA A k

n

7/.108 7/.10a8 7/.10b8

m

m

m

De will go through the answers to the e:ercise at the beginning o& ne:t weekLs lecture

Lecture 1

38

Practical Design to Eurocode 2 - Lecture 1 Intro and Background

Recommend Documents