425 1 Design Temps Lecture and HW

ME 425 – Overview & Design Conditions

ME 425 Air Conditioning System Design Keith E. Elder, P.E.

In enclosed spaces, the combined treatment of the air to control, as specified, temperature, relative humidity, velocity of motion, and radiant heat energy level, with consideration of the need for removal of air-borne particles and contaminant gases.

ME 425


Chilled Water Pump Cold Air

Cooling Coil Fan

Chilled Water

Warm Air

Emphasis of ME 425 Warm Moist Air Cooling Tower

Warm Water

Heat Exchanger

Gas Condenser Pump

Compressor

Hot Gas Cooler Dryer Air

Expansion Valve

Heat Exchanger

Condensed Liquid

Hot Water Warm Water

ME 425

Formal Version

q sensible



 c p t m

 W qlatent  m qtotal



 h m

Designer’s Version (based on air volume)

q sensible

 t  1.1Q

qlatent



4840Q W (W in lbmwater / lbmair )

qtotal



4.5Q h

ME 425

(q in Btu/hr & Q in ft 3 / min)

( h in Btu / lbmair )


Calculate Sensible & Latent loads Determine space air quantities Select & layout diffusers Layout & size ductwork Select Air Handler(s) Calculate Coil Loads & Select Coil(s) Pipe coils & select pumps Select primary systems (chillers, boilers) Write specifications (including controls) ME 425

Major Steps in Load Calculations Determine indoor/outdoor design conditions Research & Calculate thermal properties of envelope components Determine zoning Perform Area Takeoffs Calculate Space Sensible & Latent Loads Determine Ventilation & Other System Effects Calculate Coil Loads ME 425


Indoor Conditions (Comfort-based)  

Indoor Dry Bulb Temperature Indoor Relative Humidity

Outdoor Conditions (Statistical-based)     

Dry Bulb Temperature Mean Coincident Wet Bulb Temperature Daily Range Degree Days Ground Temperatures

ME 425

Dry Bulb Temperature

ME 425


ME 425

     

Indoor Dry Bulb Temperature Indoor Relative Humidity Temperature Stratification Temperature Symmetry Draft Carbon Dioxide Concentration

ME 425


Draft is an undesired local cooling of the human body caused by the coincident effects of temperature & air velocity. Draft has been identified as one of the most annoying factors in offices.

ME 425

2

ME 425


 Age  Activity Level

 Gender (see page 8.16 under “Sex”)  Temperature  Relative Humidity  Dress & Activity Level

 Adaptation  Resignation is not adaptation

 Seasonal & Circadian Rhythms ME 425

The Comfort Chart 

Comfort Based On  Operative Temperature  Room Humidity  Heating/Cooling Mode



Op. Temp. Based On  Room DB Temp.  Mean Radiant Temp.  Local Air Velocity

ME 425


o The uniform temperature of a radiantly black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the actual nonuniform environment to = Ata + (1-A)tr ta = Local Air Temp. A = f (air motion)

Velocity(fpm) 10 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

A 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.63 0.65

tr = Mean Radiant Temp. ME 425

r

The uniform surface temperature of a radiantly black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of radiant heat as in the actual non-uniform environment. tr = F1t1 + F2t2 + ... Fntn Fn = Angle Factor ME 425


n

ME 425

Determination of Outdoor Design Conditions 450

400

350

300 r a e 250 Y r e p s r u 200 o H

150

100

50

0 1 4

7 1

0 2

2 3

6 2

9 2

2 3

5 3

8 3

4 1

4 4

7 4

0 5

5 3

6 5

9 5

2 6

5 6

AnnualTe mperature Occurence s (°F)

ME 425

8 6

7 1

7 4

7 7

0 8

8 3

6 8

0 9

9 3


450 99.0%

1.0%

400

350 99.6%

0.4%

300 r a e 250 Y r e p s r u 200 o H

150

100

50

0 1 4

7 1

0 2

2 3

6 2

9 2

2 3

5 3

8 3

4 1

4 4

7 4

0 5

5 3

6 5

9 5

2 6

5 6

AnnualTemperature Occurences (°F)

ME 425

ME 425

8 6

7 1

7 4

7 7

0 8

8 3

6 8

0 9

9 3


ME 425

Heating Load Design Conditions

Cooling Load Design Conditions

ME 425


Seasonal Hours Criteria Exceeded

Representative Application

Summer

0.4% 1.0% 2.0%

35 88 175

Hospital, Data Center Average Project Promotional (Cut Corners)

35 88

Medium Construction, 24 Occupancy Heavy Construction

Winter

99.6 % 99.0%

ME 425

Homework for Friday

Name______________________

Reference: Chap 8 - ASHRAE Fundamentals 1. A room is maintained at an air temperature of 70°F. The occupant sits near a large window, which has an inside surface temperature of 50°F and accounts for 30% of her “thermal view.” The occupant has complained that the space feels cold. Assuming the “local” air temperature to be equal to the room air temperature: a. What operative temperature does the occupant experience? b. How would you advise the HVAC technician who is trying to troubleshoot the complaint? ME 425


Homework - Continued Reference: Chap 28 - ASHRAE Fundamentals (CD) 2. Specify a suitable set of indoor and outdoor design conditions for each of the following Winter Indoor DB Heavy Masonry Office Building Fargo, North Dakota Nursing Home Long Beach, CA Computer Data Center Quantico, Virginia Steel & Glass Office Building Seattle, Washington

ME 425

Outdoor DB

Summer Indoor DB/RH

Outdoor DB/WB

2005 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals (IP)

© 2005 ASHRAE, Inc.

Design conditions for FARGO, ND, USA Station Information

WMO#

Lat

Long

Elev

StdP

Hours +/UTC

Time zone code

1b

1c

1d

1e

1f

1g

1h

727530

46.90N

96.80W

899

14.225

-6.00

NAC

Station name 1a

FARGO

Period 1i

7201

Annual Heating and Humidification Design Conditions Coldest month

Humidification DP/MCDB and HR 99.6% 99% HR MCDB DP HR 4b 4c 4d 4e

Heating DB

2

99.6% 3a

99% 3b

DP 4a

1

-21.1

-16.5

-29.8

1.1

-20.4

-25.0

1.4

MCDB 4f

Coldest month WS/MCDB 0.4% 1% WS MCDB WS MCDB 5a 5b 5c 5d

-16.0

36.5

5.0

32.8

MCWS/PCWD to 99.6% DB MCWS PCWD 6a 6b

6.4

7.9

180

Annual Cooling, Dehumidification, and Enthalpy Design Conditions

7

Hottest month DB range 8

DB 9a

MCWB 9b

7

21.6

91.1

71.6

DP 12a

0.4% HR 12b

MCDB 12c

72.2

123.4

81.5

Hottest month

Cooling DB/MCWB 1% DB MCWB 9c 9d

0.4%

87.8

2%

69.9

Dehumidification DP/MCDB and HR 1% DP HR MCDB 12d 12e 12f

69.6

112.4

79.9

0.4%

Evaporation WB/MCDB 1% WB MCDB 10c 10d

DB 9e

MCWB 9f

WB 10a

MCDB 10b

84.8

68.5

75.3

85.6

DP 12g

2% HR 12h

MCDB 12i

Enth 13a

MCDB 13b

67.5

104.4

77.1

31.8

86.0

73.2 0.4%

83.6


2% WB 10e

MCDB 10f

71.1

81.3

14.8

Enthalpy/MCDB 1% Enth MCDB 13c 13d

Enth 13e

MCDB 13f

29.7

27.8

81.3

83.8

170

2%

Extreme Annual Design Conditions

1% 14a

2.5% 14b

5% 14c

Extreme Max WB 15

28.5

25.7

23.4

82.4

Extreme Annual WS

Extreme Annual DB Mean Standard deviation Max Min Max Min 16a 16b 16c 16d

97.3

-25.7

3.9

5.1

n-Year Return Period Values of Extreme DB n=10 years n=20 years Max Min Max Min 17c 17d 17e 17f

n=5 years Max Min 17a 17b

100.1

-29.4

102.4

-32.4

104.6

-35.2

n=50 years Max Min 17g 17h

107.4

Monthly Design Dry Bulb and Mean Coincident Wet Bulb Temperatures Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

DB 18a

MCWB 18b

DB 18c

MCWB 18d

DB 18e

MCWB 18f

DB 18g

MCWB 18h

DB 18i

MCWB 18j

DB 18k

MCWB 18l

0.4% 1% 2%

39.0 36.7 34.8

35.0 33.6 32.3

46.5 43.6 40.8

40.8 39.1 37.2

58.8 55.0 51.5

49.3 46.6 45.2

82.5 78.1 73.8

60.1 57.3 55.2

88.7 86.4 83.7

66.4 65.5 63.8

92.8 90.9 88.3

71.6 71.5 70.0

%

DB 18m

MCWB 18n

DB 18o

MCWB 18p

DB 18q

MCWB 18r

DB 18s

MCWB 18t

DB 18u

MCWB 18v

DB 18w

MCWB 18x

0.4% 1% 2%

95.7 92.8 90.4

73.0 73.3 72.1

95.3 92.7 90.3

72.8 72.6 71.5

91.3 87.3 84.2

70.0 67.9 66.0

78.4 74.3 70.8

60.0 58.1 56.7

61.9 57.8 54.1

50.7 48.7 46.8

43.9 40.1 37.2

38.3 35.6 33.8

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Monthly Design Wet Bulb and Mean Coincident Dry Bulb Temperatures Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

WB 19a

MCDB 19b

WB 19c

MCDB 19d

WB 19e

MCDB 19f

WB 19g

MCDB 19h

WB 19i

MCDB 19j

WB 19k

MCDB 19l

0.4% 1% 2%

35.3 33.9 32.6

38.4 36.2 34.6

41.6 39.3 37.2

45.7 43.0 40.6

50.6 48.0 45.4

55.7 53.9 50.6

62.5 60.0 57.2

78.5 73.7 69.8

70.2 68.5 67.0

83.7 81.2 79.0

76.5 74.6 72.9

86.3 85.3 84.2

%

WB 19m

MCDB 19n

WB 19o

MCDB 19p

WB 19q

MCDB 19r

WB 19s

MCDB 19t

WB 19u

MCDB 19v

WB 19w

MCDB 19x

0.4% 1% 2%

78.8 77.4 75.9

88.0 87.2 85.8

77.9 76.1 74.7

89.4 87.2 85.2

72.8 71.0 69.2

85.7 82.0 78.5

63.6 61.2 59.2

72.0 70.1 67.8

53.1 50.2 47.6

58.6 56.1 53.3

38.9 36.0 34.1

43.9 39.5 36.5

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Monthly Mean Daily Temperature Range Jan 20a

Feb 20b

Mar 20c

Apr 20d

May 20e

Jun 20f

Jul 20g

Aug 20h

Sep 20i

Oct 20j

Nov 20k

Dec 20l

17.0

16.3

15.4

20.9

22.9

21.6

21.6

22.3

22.2

20.3

15.3

15.1

WMO# Elev DB WS MCDB MC WS

World Meteorological Organization number Elevation, ft Dry bulb temperature, °F Wind speed, mph Mean coincident dry bulb temperature, °F M ea n c oi nc ide nt w in d s pe ed , mp h

Lat StdP DP Enth MCDP P CW D

Latitude, ° Long Standard pressure at station elevation, psi Dew point temperature, °F WB Enthalpy, Btu/lb HR Mean coincident dew point temperature, °F MCWB P re va il ing c oi nc id ent wi nd di re ct io n, °, 0 = N or th, 90 = E as t

Longitude, ° Wet bulb temperature, °F Humidity ratio, grains of moisture per lb of dry air Mean coincident wet bulb temperature, °F

-38.9



Design conditions for LONG BEACH, CA, USA Station Information

Station name 1a

LONG BEACH

WMO#

Lat

Long

Elev

StdP

Hours +/UTC

Time zone code

1b

1c

1d

1e

1f

1g

1h

56

14.666

-8.00

NAP

722970

33.82N 118.15W

Period 1i

7201



Heating DB

2

99.6% 3a

99% 3b

DP 4a

12

40.8

43.1

12.7

10.5

60.7

19.6


MCDB 4f

14.8

62.1

21.6

57.0

18.7


58.2

3.0

300


7


DB 9a

MCWB 9b

8

16.7

91.5

68.0

DP 12a

0.4% HR 12b

MCDB 12c

68.7

105.7

76.3

Hottest month


0.4%

87.7

2%

67.3


67.1

100.0

75.5

0.4%


DB 9e

MCWB 9f

WB 10a

MCDB 10b

84.5

66.6

72.2

84.1

DP 12g

2% HR 12h

MCDB 12i

Enth 13a

MCDB 13b

65.8

95.4

74.6

28.2

83.9

70.8 0.4%

82.0


2% WB 10e

MCDB 10f

69.5

79.8

9.5


Enth 13e

MCDB 13f

27.0

26.0

80.2

82.0

280

2%


1% 14a

2.5% 14b

5% 14c

Extreme Max WB 15

17.9

15.5

12.9

79.5

Extreme Annual WS


101.8

35.8

4.2

2.9



104.8

33.7

107.3

32.0

109.6

30.4


112.7


Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

DB 18a

MCWB 18b

DB 18c

MCWB 18d

DB 18e

MCWB 18f

DB 18g

MCWB 18h

DB 18i

MCWB 18j

DB 18k

MCWB 18l

0.4% 1% 2%

82.1 79.2 75.8

56.2 55.6 54.8

82.4 79.3 76.2

58.0 57.4 56.0

84.3 80.1 76.6

60.0 58.9 58.1

88.0 84.3 81.1

61.0 60.5 60.1

88.1 83.8 80.3

65.0 64.6 63.8

94.3 88.9 85.1

66.7 67.1 66.5

%

DB 18m

MCWB 18n

DB 18o

MCWB 18p

DB 18q

MCWB 18r

DB 18s

MCWB 18t

DB 18u

MCWB 18v

DB 18w

MCWB 18x

0.4% 1% 2%

92.2 89.1 86.9

69.1 69.4 68.9

95.2 91.4 88.8

70.9 71.1 70.2

96.9 92.9 90.2

69.8 69.3 69.5

94.4 89.9 86.3

64.2 62.8 62.5

87.7 84.1 80.6

59.5 58.7 57.2

81.0 78.2 75.6

55.0 54.7 54.5

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec


Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

WB 19a

MCDB 19b

WB 19c

MCDB 19d

WB 19e

MCDB 19f

WB 19g

MCDB 19h

WB 19i

MCDB 19j

WB 19k

MCDB 19l

0.4% 1% 2%

61.4 60.4 59.6

67.7 66.4 65.3

62.0 61.0 60.2

72.7 69.4 67.6

64.1 62.4 61.5

75.3 72.4 70.6

65.8 64.4 63.2

79.9 77.4 75.1

68.7 67.5 66.2

80.1 78.9 76.2

70.2 69.2 68.3

84.4 82.1 80.4

%

WB 19m

MCDB 19n

WB 19o

MCDB 19p

WB 19q

MCDB 19r

WB 19s

MCDB 19t

WB 19u

MCDB 19v

WB 19w

MCDB 19x

0.4% 1% 2%

72.2 71.3 70.6

85.7 84.1 82.6

74.3 73.3 72.3

88.0 86.4 84.4

74.8 73.4 72.4

86.5 83.8 83.1

70.0 69.0 68.0

80.3 78.7 77.6

65.6 64.3 63.3

74.5 72.5 71.1

61.5 60.4 59.5

66.9 66.3 65.9

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec


Feb 20b

Mar 20c

Apr 20d

May 20e

Jun 20f

Jul 20g

Aug 20h

Sep 20i

Oct 20j

Nov 20k

Dec 20l

18.9

17.4

15.7

16.9

14.2

15.1

16.2

16.7

16.8

17.3

19.9

20.4






28.3



Design conditions for QUANTICO MCAS, VA, USA Station Information

WMO#

Lat

Long

Elev

StdP

Hours +/UTC

Time zone code

1b

1c

1d

1e

1f

1g

1h

724035

38.50N

77.30W

13

14.689

-5.00

NAE

Station name 1a

QUANTICO MCAS

Period 1i

8401



Heating DB

2

99.6% 3a

99% 3b

DP 4a

1

15.8

19.8

-2.0

4.9

19.2

2.8


MCDB 4f

6.4

24.9

23.4

39.4

19.9


36.5

5.9

320


7


DB 9a

MCWB 9b

7

17.5

93.0

76.5

DP 12a

0.4% HR 12b

MCDB 12c

76.6

138.8

85.3

Hottest month


0.4%

90.6

2%

75.8


75.0

131.2

83.6

0.4%


DB 9e

MCWB 9f

WB 10a

MCDB 10b

88.3

74.5

79.4

89.5

DP 12g

2% HR 12h

MCDB 12i

Enth 13a

MCDB 13b

73.5

124.7

81.8

35.1

89.9

77.9 0.4%

87.8


2% WB 10e

MCDB 10f

76.6

85.6

5.6


Enth 13e

MCDB 13f

33.6

32.2

85.5

88.0

170

2%


1% 14a

2.5% 14b

5% 14c

Extreme Max WB 15

18.5

16.2

13.6

90.0

Extreme Annual WS




97.6

99.8

2.2

101.5

-2.2

7.6

3.0

7.5

103.2

-6.4


105.4


Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

DB 18a

MCWB 18b

DB 18c

MCWB 18d

DB 18e

MCWB 18f

DB 18g

MCWB 18h

DB 18i

MCWB 18j

DB 18k

MCWB 18l

0.4% 1% 2%

63.4 60.8 57.4

54.5 52.3 50.2

71.7 67.4 63.6

57.7 57.0 55.0

81.5 77.0 72.9

62.3 59.6 58.8

87.3 83.1 80.0

65.6 63.9 62.5

90.9 88.5 86.2

72.9 72.0 70.7

94.3 92.3 90.5

75.7 75.1 75.1

%

DB 18m

MCWB 18n

DB 18o

MCWB 18p

DB 18q

MCWB 18r

DB 18s

MCWB 18t

DB 18u

MCWB 18v

DB 18w

MCWB 18x

0.4% 1% 2%

97.5 95.7 93.6

78.2 77.5 77.2

95.1 93.0 91.3

76.9 77.3 76.8

92.0 89.0 86.7

76.4 74.6 73.4

83.2 81.0 78.6

70.1 69.4 67.9

74.8 72.3 69.1

62.3 60.9 58.4

70.3 67.0 63.6

60.4 57.1 55.6

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec


Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

WB 19a

MCDB 19b

WB 19c

MCDB 19d

WB 19e

MCDB 19f

WB 19g

MCDB 19h

WB 19i

MCDB 19j

WB 19k

MCDB 19l

0.4% 1% 2%

57.6 55.1 53.0

61.2 58.3 56.0

61.5 58.8 55.9

69.7 65.3 63.0

63.8 62.1 60.2

78.0 75.0 70.9

69.7 67.7 65.7

79.7 78.1 75.3

77.5 75.7 73.8

88.2 84.8 81.8

79.4 78.3 77.6

88.7 87.6 86.9

%

WB 19m

MCDB 19n

WB 19o

MCDB 19p

WB 19q

MCDB 19r

WB 19s

MCDB 19t

WB 19u

MCDB 19v

WB 19w

MCDB 19x

0.4% 1% 2%

82.0 80.8 79.9

90.0 90.2 90.1

81.5 80.0 78.8

88.8 89.0 88.3

78.3 77.1 76.0

87.1 85.2 83.8

72.9 71.2 70.0

79.3 77.3 76.4

64.7 63.3 61.6

72.2 68.6 66.0

61.7 59.3 57.0

67.3 66.2 61.9

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec


Feb 20b

Mar 20c

Apr 20d

May 20e

Jun 20f

Jul 20g

Aug 20h

Sep 20i

Oct 20j

Nov 20k

Dec 20l

15.9

16.8

18.6

20.2

19.2

18.2

17.5

16.8

17.5

19.7

18.2

16.1






-11.8



Design conditions for SEATTLE/TACOMA, WA, USA Station Information

Station name 1a

SEATTLE/TACOMA

WMO#

Lat

Long

Elev

StdP

Hours +/UTC

Time zone code

1b

1c

1d

1e

1f

1g

1h

400

14.485

-8.00

NAP

727930

47.45N 122.30W

Period 1i

7201



Heating DB

2

99.6% 3a

99% 3b

DP 4a

12

23.8

28.4

5.8

7.5

28.5

13.0


MCDB 4f

10.8

32.6

26.2

44.4

23.9


45.8

9.3

20


7


DB 9a

MCWB 9b

8

18.2

84.9

65.2

DP 12a

0.4% HR 12b

MCDB 12c

60.2

79.1

70.1

Hottest month


0.4%

81.2

2%

63.7


58.9

75.5

68.5

0.4%


DB 9e

MCWB 9f

WB 10a

MCDB 10b

77.6

62.3

66.5

82.5

DP 12g

2% HR 12h

MCDB 12i

Enth 13a

MCDB 13b

57.7

72.2

67.3

23.6

83.1

64.7 0.4%

78.9


2% WB 10e

MCDB 10f

63.1

75.8

9.7


Enth 13e

MCDB 13f

22.2

21.0

75.7

78.9

0

2%


1% 14a

2.5% 14b

5% 14c

Extreme Max WB 15

20.4

18.3

16.5

83.1

Extreme Annual WS



92.1

95.0

15.7

20.0

4.1

6.0


97.4

12.2

99.7

8.8


102.7


Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

DB 18a

MCWB 18b

DB 18c

MCWB 18d

DB 18e

MCWB 18f

DB 18g

MCWB 18h

DB 18i

MCWB 18j

DB 18k

MCWB 18l

0.4% 1% 2%

56.7 54.9 53.2

49.0 48.4 48.2

61.6 58.5 56.5

50.6 49.7 48.8

65.2 62.4 60.2

50.9 50.6 49.5

74.8 71.2 68.2

56.0 55.8 54.6

81.5 78.4 75.6

62.9 61.4 60.2

87.0 83.3 80.4

64.5 63.7 62.6

%

DB 18m

MCWB 18n

DB 18o

MCWB 18p

DB 18q

MCWB 18r

DB 18s

MCWB 18t

DB 18u

MCWB 18v

DB 18w

MCWB 18x

0.4% 1% 2%

90.5 87.4 84.6

67.3 66.2 65.5

90.0 86.9 84.2

68.1 66.6 65.5

84.7 81.7 79.4

63.4 63.0 62.3

73.7 70.0 67.0

58.2 57.2 56.4

60.9 58.6 57.1

54.2 53.2 52.4

56.1 54.2 52.9

52.5 50.7 49.5

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec


Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

%

WB 19a

MCDB 19b

WB 19c

MCDB 19d

WB 19e

MCDB 19f

WB 19g

MCDB 19h

WB 19i

MCDB 19j

WB 19k

MCDB 19l

0.4% 1% 2%

52.1 50.9 50.1

53.9 52.8 52.1

53.9 52.7 51.3

57.2 55.5 54.2

54.0 52.9 51.8

59.2 57.8 56.9

59.5 57.5 55.9

69.5 68.0 65.1

64.1 62.6 61.3

78.1 75.4 73.3

66.2 64.9 63.5

83.4 81.1 78.2

%

WB 19m

MCDB 19n

WB 19o

MCDB 19p

WB 19q

MCDB 19r

WB 19s

MCDB 19t

WB 19u

MCDB 19v

WB 19w

MCDB 19x

0.4% 1% 2%

68.6 67.6 66.5

86.0 85.2 83.0

69.2 68.0 66.7

87.4 84.9 82.1

66.0 64.5 63.6

81.3 78.3 76.7

60.5 59.3 58.2

68.5 66.1 64.1

56.4 55.1 53.9

58.7 57.2 56.0

53.2 51.5 50.4

55.2 53.4 52.3

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec


Feb 20b

Mar 20c

Apr 20d

May 20e

Jun 20f

Jul 20g

Aug 20h

Sep 20i

Oct 20j

Nov 20k

Dec 20l

8.8

11.1

12.8

14.6

15.8

16.5

18.5

18.2

16.7

12.6

9.5

8.5






4.4

425 1 Design Temps Lecture and HW

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