Our college work on the economic traits of poultry.
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It deals with the disease diagnosis in poultry along with their treatment in a simple but infomative way..
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POULTRY INCUBATION HATCHING FOR SUCCESS
GRA MOORE CAROLINA HERITAGE FARMS
FOUR BASIC REQUIREMENTS AN EGG NEEDS TO HATCH Temperature Humidity Egg Tur ni ng AirFlow
99- 102Deg.F. 50%-65%RH at least 2x/day airandgasexchange
TWO TYPES OF INCUBATION ARTIFICIAL INCUBATOR
NATURAL BROODY HEN
NATURAL 1. The Bro ody hen is a tim e tested way to hatch eggs. 2. Very g oo d at h er job . 3. To us e a hen for hatchin g you have to do o ne of tw o things a. Find a hen sitting. b. Induce a hen to sit.
SIGNS OF BROODINESS 1. Clu ck in g 2. Stay s away fr om th e rest o f t he flo ck 3. Ruf fl ed f eath ers 4. Aggr ess iv e and p ro tective of nest 5. On t he ne st at n ig ht
CARE OF THE BROODY HEN 1. Hens like dark dry place s to sit. 2. Needs to keep aw ay from o the r h ens (other hens wils). l br eak h er egg 3. Needs go od s upp ly of w ater and fo od. 4. Needs an area to st retc h her legs and relieve herself. 5. Make s ur e hen is fr ee fro m int ernal a nd external parasite.
BREEDS THAT MAKE GOOD BROODY HENS Silkies Cochins Game Hens Wyandotte Orpingtons
• • • • •
Barred Rock SilverLeghorns (Non-Industrial) Mos t Heritage Br eeds (They retain th e br ood y characteristics) Heritage Turkeys
• • •
Buckeyes
PROS 1. No ele ct ri ci ty 2. Hen d oes all t he w or k 3. Wil l b roo d c hic ks after they ha tch . 4. Hig h h atc habili ty rate 5. Som e br eeds h atc h b ett er u nd er h ens (Nank in ) th an in i nc ubator s. 6. Good for hatch ing small # of c hic ks p er year.
CONS 1. Hen s om eti mes b reaks egg s. 2. Wil l oc casion all y qui t and get off nest. 3. Hen si tt in g i s 1 less no t l aying in t he flock. 4. Can o nl y s it on a sm all # of egg s at a time. 5. Dis ease tr ans mi ss io n f ro m hen to chick
ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION Stil l Air I ncu batio n:
1. No fan 2. Has a heating e lement 3. Uses a wafer t hermo sta t 4. Humi dity or wa ter pans a t bo tto m 5. Relative humidity of 5 0% -60% 6. Temper atu re 101-102 deg ree
7. Mos t made of Styr of oam or pl ast ic (ho me ma de can be ma de of o th er material) 8. Scr een for e gg s to lie on 9. Egg tur ni ng ki ts are avail abl e fo r some models 10. Wil l ho ld a li mi ted num ber of eggs 11. Operate in a roo m t emp eratur e of 50 80 degre es (out of su nl ig ht ) 12. Inc ub ate and hatch on same wir e fl oor
TYPES OF STILL AIR INCUBATORS 1. GQF 2. Little Giant 3. Brinsea 4. Home Made
PROS 1. Easy to us e 2. Not very exp ens ive 3. Does n ot take up muc h r oom 4. Good for hatch ing small to mediu m # of chicks 5. Does no t u se muc h ele ct ri ci ty
CONS 1. Hatc habil it y c an be low 2. Temp eratu re and h um id it y c an be ha rd to regul ate 3. Some mod els you have to t ur n eggs b y hand 4. Hot and co ld s pot s in inc ubator 5. Can have hi gh n umb er of deform it ies in chicks 6. Can be hard to cl ean
For ced A ir Inc uba tio n
1. 2. Fan Coil h eatin g element 3. Wafer or e lectri c the rmo sta t 4. Humidity pan 5. Relative humidity of 5 0% -60% 6. Ideal Tempe rature is 9 9.5 degree s F
7. Som e mo dels ha ve hatch in g tr ay at bottom 8. Opening s in back of in cu bator for humidity 9. Auto mati c egg turn er (tu rn s every 2 hours) 10. Larg e egg capaci ty 11. Operate in a roo m t emp eratu re of 50 80 degr ees 12. Draft f ree ro om wit h fr esh air
FORCED AIR TYPES 1. GQF 2. Dick ies 3. Rol l X-Incu bato rs 4. Natu re For m 5. Bri ns ea Bato rs 6. Hovaba to r & Li tt le Giant stil l air with forced air fa n kit 7. Home Made 8. Robbins – no longe r ma de 9. Petersim e – no longer made 10. Jamesway – no l onger made 11. Buc keye – no l ong er made
Homemade type
Nature form “ Safari”
PROS 1. Hatc habili ty u su all y very go od 2. Mos t Forc ed Air Styl es wil l last fo r years 3. Inc ub ato rs c an easi ly hatc h s everal tho usand ch ick s per ye ar 4. Fairly easy to cl ean 5. Almo st a tu rn key syst em
CONS 1. Can t ake up a lo t o f r oo m 2. Can b e exp ens ive t o bu y
FORCED AIR HATCHERS 1. Same as inc uba tor but has hatching tr ays i nstea d of turners 2. Hatcher temperatur e sh oul d be set a t 98.5 deg. F and hum id it y 65% or hi gh er. 3. High hea t and high humidity is a le tha l combi nation
EGG COLLECTION 1. Col lect egg s eve ry day 2. Shou ld us e a goo d nesti ng m aterial a) hay b) wh eat s tr aw c) pin e sh avin gs 3. Onl y set good qualit y eggs a) no c rack ed eggs b) re all y s mall eggs c) re all y bi g eggs (dou bl e yol ked) d) abno rm all y s hape d eggs e) ext remely dir ty egg s f) thin shelled e ggs
SANITATION OF EGGS 1.Warm water and bl each 2.Warm water a nd di sh so ap 3.Tek-Trol di si nf ectant 4.Ext reme ly d ir ty eggs d o no t set 5.Pooled eggs 6.Cus to m hatc hi ng
EGG STORAGE 1. Ideal stora ge for e ggs should be a round 5 5 deg.60 deg. F. at 70% -75% hum idity 2. Cell division starts a t 72 degre es F 3. Good p laces to store eggs: a) egg co ol er b) clos et in hous e c) shop or barn d) anyw here it i s c los e to desired te mperature and humidi ty e) does not have to b e exact t o b e suc cessf ul 4. Tur n eggs at lea st 2 x a day to p revent yol k st ic ki ng. 5. Eggs sho uld not be sto red much longer tha n 10 days.
SETTING EGGS 1. Regulate inc uba tor temperature and humidity and l et r un f or 2-3 days. 2. Set eggs i n tr ays li tt le end dow n big end u p (air cell). 3. Aft er eggs are set, expect incubator temperature to dro p, tempe rature wil l regulate. 4. Preda ti on in inc ubator
CANDLING EGGS (Candler , Flash l ight or Ligh t B ox) 1. Candl e eggs after 7- 10 days t o check for c lears and blood rin gs. 2. High num ber of clea rs cou ld m ean infertile roosters. 3. High num bers of blood could mean unh ealthy or oldr bings reeding stock. 4. Good way to check o n th e progress of the e mbryo 5. Make more room in i ncu bator or hatcher 6. Keep b acteria do wn 7. Good way to check h umi dity leve l
HATCHING PROCESS 1. Thr ee days b efo re egg s are sc hedu led to hatch; eggs sho ul d be place d on th eir si de in t he hatc hi ng tr ay. 2. Rais e hu mi di ty to 60% or hi gher . 3. Lo wer t emp eratu re to 98.5 deg. F. @ 1 degree. 4. After c hi cks hatc h l eave in hatchi ng tr ay for 24 hou rs t o harden off .
5. Retur n tempe rature a nd humi dity back to where it w as. 6. Trou ble sh ooti ng 7. Cull ing weak c hic ks (Method s) 8. Toe punchi ng t o i dentify matings 9. Keep good records to track your succ ess
INCUBATOR SANITATION 1. Shoul d clea n i ncub ator racks and t rays every 2-3 hatches. 2. Chic k f uzz and f ecal matter wi ll accu mul ate qui ck ly. 3. Vacuu m chi ck fuzz and dir t. 4. Use Tek-Tro l or Bl each fo r cl eaning . 5. Easy to l et s li de, but very imp ort ant .
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DIRTY INCUBATOR 1. Mol d bu il d-up 2. Bact eri a cont ami nation 3. Low hatc habi li ty 4. Defor mi ti es in c hi cks 5. Eggs e xplo ding du e to ba cteria buil d- up 6. Dis ease pr ob lems
BIO-SECURITY 1. Wear c erta in c lot hes a nd b oots onl y w hil e tending your poul try o r hatchin g area. 2. Clean bo ots and d isi nfect at the beginni ng and end of ea ch vis it t o your poul try o r hatchi ng are a. 3. Stor e feed ou t of reach of rod ents and wi ld bir ds. 4. Regul arly clea n and d isi nfect b uil ding s, pe ns, equi pment, incub ator s and hatchin g area . 5. Use comm on s ense if you tend a poul try sale or auction. 6. Have a quarantin e area set up f or new bi rd s appr oxi mate ly fo r 30 days.
7. If you are pooli ng eggs w ith ot her bree ders be sur e bree ders b ird s are cl ean. 8. Limit traffic on your farm. 9. Not wi se to let people bor row your inc ubator . 10. Develop bio-secur it y plan for your farm and hatch in gaarea. 11. Vis it t he ALBC w ebsit e sect io n on b io-secu ri ty. 12. Vacci nate your br eedi ng f lo ck . 13. Part ic ip ate in th e NPIP.
MARKETING YOUR POULTRY Big d emand for h erit age poultr y 1. Exhi biti on pou ltr y 2. Backyard f lo ck s 3. Past ure p oul tr y producers and nic he marketing.
GETTING YOUR NAME OUT 1. Put ad i n s tate agri cul tur e paper. 2. Joi n br eed c lub s and br eed list-servers 3. Jo in ALBC and h ave your farm li sted in the Bree ders directory. 4. ALBC Class ifi eds 5. Develop a web si te 6. Get to kno w t he loc al farmers in you r area 7. Develop relation sh ip w/lo cal feed s tor es. 8. Local processors 9. Anim al Welfare Insti tut e (encour age loca lly sourc ed c hick s)
