POULTRY BREED OF INDIA SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
DR. R.S.JOSHI
SURENDRA KUMAR YADAV
PROFESSOR
ROLL NO :67
DEPT. OF ANIMAL GENETICS & BREEDING
REG. NO :02-497-2010
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & A.H. A.A.U.,ANAND
BREEDS OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN OF INDIA
Aseel
Ankaleshwar
Kadaknath
Naked neck
Nicobari
Ghagus
Busra
Chittagong
Miri
Daothigir
Brown Desi
Danki
Titri
Harringhatta
Black
Kashmir
Faveralla
Kalasthi
Loalab
PunjabBrown
Tani
Tellicherry
ASEEL
The literal meaning of Aseel is real or pure.
Aseel is well known for its pugnacity, high stamina, majestic gait and dogged fighting qualities.
The name Aseel appears to have been given to this indigenous breed because of its inherent qualities of fighting. The remarkable endurance of an Aseel even during the most critical stages of fight is proverbial as it prefers death to dishonour. The Aseel is, therefore, known to every game lovers all over the world for these specific characteristics.
Andhra Pradesh is said to be the home of this important breed. The best specimen of this breed, although rare, are encountered with the fanciers and the people engaged in cockfighting show through out the country.
Aseel is larger inbuilt with noble looking and dignified appearance. A good specimen of an Aseel cock usually measure 28 inches from back to toe.
The standard weight varies from 3 to 4 kg for cocks and 2 to 3 kg for hens. Pea comb are also occasionally encountered. The wattles are rudimentary and almost imperceptible. The beak is short and well curved. The face is long and not covered with feathers. The eyes are compact, wells et and present bold looks. The neck is long, uniformly thick but not fleshy.
The general feathering is close, scanty and almost absent on the breast. The plumage has practically no fluff and the feathers are tough. The tail is small and the legs are strong, straight, clean and set well apart. The birds as a rule present upright material gait suggestive of strength and alertness. Aseel is larger in built with noble looking and dignified appearance.
KADAKNATH
This breed is otherwise known as “Kalamasi” which means “fowl with black flesh” and is native of Madhya Pradesh
The colour of the day old chicks is bluish to black with irregular dark stripes over the back.
The adult plumage varies from silver to gold spangled to blue black without any spangling.
The skin, beak, shank, toes and soles of feet of males and females are dark gray colour. Even the comb, wattles and tongue also show a purplish hue. The shining blue tinge of the earlobes add to its unique features.
The peculiarity of this breed is that most of the internal organs show the characteristic black pigmentation which is more pronounced in trachea, thoracic and abdominal air sacs, gonads, elastic arteries, at the base of the heart and mesentery. Varying degree of blackish colouration is also found in the skeletal muscles, tendons, nerves, meninges, brain and bone marrow. The black colour of muscles and tissues is due to the deposition of melanin pigment, a genetic condition called "Fibromelanosis".
NACKED NECK
Naked neck is relatively larger inbuilt with long cylindrical neck.
As the name indicates, neck of the birds is fully naked or only a tuft of feathers is seen on the front of the neck above crop. The resulting bare skin becomes reddish particularly in males as they approach sexual maturity. General body feathering is also reduced.
Various types of combs viz. pea, rose, walnut and single combs are seen.
The beak is short and well curved. The face is long and not covered with feathers. The eyes are compact and well set. The skin is thin and pinkish in colour.
The beak and shanks have no correlation with plumage colour. Main plumage colours are brown, black, white and mixture of brown and black.
Due to the reduced feathering, the birds are capable to tolerate the tropical stress. It lays the biggest size eggs among all the Indian native breeds of chicken.
Trivandrum region of Kerala is considered to be the homeland of Naked neck but it is available throughout hot and humid coastal area including Andaman and Nicobar island and North-Eastern states of the country in small numbers.
People of these regions have great affinity for Naked neck birds due to their better adaptability to the hot and humid climatic conditions as well as for better taste and flavour of meat
FRIZZLE FEATHER
Frizzle fowls have oval body with well-developed comb and wattles.
The skin is thin and pinkish pale in colour.
The beak and shanks generally have no correlations with the plumage colour and are creamish pale in colour.
The birds have single comb and earlobes are well developed with white spots on them. The eyes are bright and welldeveloped. Plumage colours vary considerably among the birds but white, brown, black and mixed colour are most common.
Frizzle fowls are found all over the hot and humid coastal areas including Andaman Nicobar Islands. Good numbers of these birds are also available on high altitudes hilly tracts of NorthEastern states.
It is said that birds have better adaptability to the hot and humid climatic conditions.
BRAHMAS ORIGIN: This breed originated in the brahmaputra valley where birds of their ancestral type known as “grey chittagongs” CHARACTERISTICS : PHYSICAL: brahma’s large body size,with intricate colour pattern make them
show bird ECONOMICAL:
The standard weight for cock is 5.4 kg, hen is 4.3 kg,
cockerel 4.5 kg and pullet 3.6 kg.
They have yellow skin and lay brown tinted eggs.
VARIETIES:
1.Light
2.Buff
3.Dark
COCHIN ORIGIN: The bird originated in shanghai area of china.
CHARACTERISTICS : PHYSICAL: The bird is massive in appearance due to long and profuse feathering and feathered shanks. Breast is carried low and in females there is very prominent development of cushion at base of tail. The comb is single. ECONOMICAL:
The standard weight for cock, cockerel, hen and pullets, are 5, 3.6, 3.8 and 3.1 kg respectively.
VARIETIES:
Buff
Black
partridge
BUSRA
This breed is fairly common in kathiawar and around bombay.
Busra bird is deep bodied, light in feather, alert and smaller
CHITTAGONG ORIGIN: found mostly in easten india. CHARACTERISTICS:
PHYSICAL:
It is also known as the malay
It is a large bird measuring sometime 75 cm from back to toe.
the birds have a small pea comb resembling a small lump of tiny warts;
the wattles are red and hardly visible in the hen;
the earlobes are small, usually red sometimes mixed with a little white;
the breast is broad, deep and fleshy; the shoulder is broad with slight narrow loins; the plumage is close to the body, firm, short and glossy, standard plumage colour is lacking,
Recent Varieties of Poultry Developed in India
1.HH-260 HH -260 is a promising indigenous hybrid of white Leghorn, released by the Central Breeding Farm, Hessarghatta for general rearing in 1979. The bird can lay 250-260 eggs per year and is noted I, for its low feed conversion and less mortality. The bird requires only 110 g of feed per day and lays its first egg when it is 148 days old. It can stand most stress factors and has resistance against lymphoid I leucosis disease.
2. B8-78 The Central Poultry Breeding Farm, Bombay, has developed, a hybrid layer named as BH- 78 which gives at least 260 eggs per year. This hybrid bird consumes just 110 g per day of feed for 260 eggs. It has a high egg weight of 54 g in 40 weeks.
3. ILI-80 and B-77 The Central Avian Research Institute in 1989 developed commercial layers (ILI-80), capable of producing 260-270 eggs per year and broilers (B- 77) with performance of 1450 to 1550 g body weight at 8 weeks of age with high viability, dressing percentage and feed conversion.
4. Improved Kadaknath The Central Avian Research Institute also developed a new strain of Kadaknath having annual egg production record of up to 150 eggs as compared to 80 eggs of pure breed Kadaknath, and an increase of egg size from 39.75 g for the pure breed t041.00 g for the improved one.
Birds having 75% blood of Kadaknath and 25% blood of white Leghorn are suitable for economical production in the rural areas because of the following advantages: i. It can withstand harsh climate; ii. Not much care is needed regarding feeding and management; and iii. Due to farmer's attachment to the colour of the native bird, this would be popular among people in the tribal areas where farmers do not readily accept the high yielding exotic breeds of poultry.
5. Desix WC Desix WC is a meat type cross bred of Miri (female indigenous) and white Cornish (male), developed in the Assam Agricultural University. The highest profit was noted in the 10 week of the bird's age. It has superior qualities of the indigenous breed, though it is less profitable than the white Cornish. When Miri was crossed with white Leghorn, better adaptability and egg production was observed in the cross bred bird.
6. I.B.B. 83
I.B.B.83 variety has been evolved by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. These are coloured broiler chicks and gain a good body weight corresponding to 1.1 -1.2. kg by 6th week and 1.5 -1.7 kg by 8th week with 2 and 2.5 feed conversion ratio respectively. Mortality rate is very low being only 2 per cent.
7. In addition to the various Universities and Government breeding farms, there are private sector breeding farms and hatcheries which sell day old cross breds for layers or broilers. Some of the layer and broiler breeds are mentioned as under.
a. Layers
i. TARA 287
Body weight at 20 weeks -1160 g
Age at peak production -28 weeks
Feed per bird per day -105 g
Egg colour -White
ii. Sonali 311
Body weight at 20 weeks -1300 g
Age at peak production -26-27 weeks
Average egg weight -56.5 g
J Feed per bird per day -115 g
Egg colour -golden
iii. Shaver Star Cross 288
Hen housed average at 14 months -310-330 eggs
Age at peak production -25-27 weeks
.Laying potential per year -300 eggs
iv. Kalinga Hybrid white egg layer(Central Poultry
Breeding farm, Bhubaneswar)
Annual egg production 245-250 eggs
Average egg weight -53 g
Average daily feed intake -108 g
Egg colour -white
v. Kalinga Hybrid Brown Egg Layer
Annual egg production -250 -255 eggs
Average egg weight -54 g
Feed per day per bird -109 g
Egg colour -Tinted
vi. LSL
Annual egg production -300
Average egg weight -62.5 g Feed conversion -2.30
vii. BV-300
Annual egg production -280 -300 eggs
Peak period -25-26 weeks
Mortality rate -7%
b. Broilers
i. Shaver Starbro
Weight gain in 6 weeks -1600 g
Feed conversion at 6 weeks -1.93
Livability -98%
ii. Vencobs
Body weight in 6 weeks -1600 g
Feed conversion at 6 weeks. 1.80
Livability -98%
iii. Lohmann Broiler
Body weight in 6 weeks -1,850 g
Feed conversion -1.90
iv. Hybro broiler
Body weight at 8 weeks -2.289 kg
THANK YOU
