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PLOUGHING GUIDE by Alan Jones Kverneland Group UK Ltd.
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Quick Guide
Before you can achieve good ploughing it is essential that both the trac plough are properly prepared. The tractor should have the correct wh tings and, if using a reversible plough, equal tyre pressures on bot Tractor front-end ballast may be required for stability but most importa cient operation of the tractor’s hydraulic system.
The Tractor yre pressure must be equal on the same axle for all reversible ploughs ydraulic male & female couplings must match to avoid back pressure nough hydraulic hydraulic outlets must be available to operate all plough functions
he inside wheel settings must be equal, especially when using 4WD tractor
ear 3-point linkage lift arms must be equal in length on reversible ploughs
dequate horsepower for the size of plough is essential for optimum perform
orrect linkage geometry is essential — Cat II, Cat III or Cat IV for correct line
raction, stability and operation of hydraulic functions rely on adequate weig peration controls in the tractor must be selected to ‘ Draft’ Draft’ or ‘Mix’
igid stabilisers are essential for correct operation of semi-mounted plough
In The Field
mportant, always set disc coulters before skimmers for optimum performan Sign up to vote on this title Useful Not useful ever set skimmers deeper than 10cm and ensure all operate at the same
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Know Your Plough Headstock
Plough body
Cross shaft
Main frame
Alignment/Vari-Width ® cylinder
Disc coulter
Ploug
Skimmer
Vari-Width ® linkage
Depth
12 16 7
8
13
You're Reading a Preview1
14
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9 3 10
6
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Know Your Plough
Headstock
Furrow splitter
Mouldboard ext
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Skimmer (maize type)
Sword share knife
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Sword lands
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Tractor Settings +0-10cm
110-160cm Incorrect adjustment
The front and rear inside whee of the tractor is very important. they control the front furrow wid plough. As the wheel setting creased, the centre line of the moves away from the furrow w increasing the width of the fron Reducing the wheel setting has posite effect and narrows the f row width. When ploughing with the tractor the furrow bottom, the tractor towards the ploughed land. This gerated when operating at depth 8in. To ensure the tractor and pull in a straight line, it is recom to adjust the front wheels 0-10c than the rear. However, when 4WD tractor or when ploughing le Correct 7in deep, equal front and rea settings can be advantageous as to ensure the tractor and plough You're Readingstraight a Previewline. Unlock full access with a free trial.
During operation and with the the correct wheel setting Download Withhaving Free Trial plough being used, the front width should be equal to all the ing furrows. As it is impractical to uously adjust the wheel sett plough is provided with a side s tem to simplify this adjustment. See ‘Basic Field Settings’ Sign up to vote on this title
Useful Not useful For efficient plough operation an ity, it is essential that the trac point linkage geometry and pulli
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Plough Alignment
For a plough to work efficiently, all the bodies must be correctly aligned a allel to one another. Incorrect settings will result in poor quality work a ven component wear. Poor alignment will also cause the plough to pu line and affect the tractor steering.
Using a straight edge against landside, check the furrow w each body. All bodies should b lel to each other.
Always ensure the plough is fit new wearing parts for accurat urement.
2X X
Using a rule from the unders new point to the underside main frame. You're ReadingLeft a Preview hand
bodies should be e right hand bodies on a re Unlock full access with a free trial. plough. Download With Free Trial
X2
The body inlet should be equa outlet i.e. X1 = X2
X3 X3 X1
to ri Left bodies must betitle equal Sign up to vote on this ies on reversible ploughs. Not useful datum a fromaUseful non-wearing chalk a mark on the end of the boards X3. Adjust the mou
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Mouldboard Adjustment
Before you can achieve good ploughing, it is essential to check and adjust th board interbody clearance setting. This is to ensure that all the furrows a size and height during operation. Chalk mark each mouldboard end (both left and right) to find a common ‘datum’ point to work from. The measurement should be taken from a non wearing point such as the joint between the share, mouldboard and shin piece as indicated.
Datum chalk marks
Starting from the centre body, loosen the mouldboard stay and adjust so that the mouldboard is in a neutral position - not pushed forward or pulled back. This is now the ‘master’ for all mouldboard measurements. Measure accurately from the ‘datum’ chalk mark on the master mouldboard to You're Reading a Preview the chalk marks on the mouldboards in front and behind. Adjust the mouldUnlock full access with a free trial. board stays accordingly so that the mouldboard spacing is equal to the interbody clearance. Download With Free Trial If the interbody clearance is not known, take this measurement from any common point on the main plough frame Master or leg assembly.
Mast
RH Bodies
To adjust the left hand bodies on a reversible plough, the right hand mouldboard ‘throw’ has to be known. Using a tape measure note the distance from the ‘datum’ chalk mark on the right hand
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Basic Field Settings The disc coulter should be set in a vertical position and 1-2cm wider than the furrow width. Depending on soil conditions, the working depth should be between 4 -10cm maximum. When working in light soil conditions it may be advantageous to widen the disc coulter to produce a clean furrow wall.
3-5m The skim coulter should work as close to the disc as possible without touching and adjusted with a gap of 3-5mm at the top to prevent trash build-up. The working depth should be set between 2-5cm maximum. If set too deep, the furrows will be left open and cause unnecessary trash growth. The plough should be adjusted so that You'reand Reading a Preview the frame is parallel with the ground all the bodies ploughing at the same access with a free trial. depth. Adjustment is carried Unlock outfullby means of the tractor top link or tractor 3point linkage. Download With Free Trial The plough legs should be set 90deg to the land when in work. Adjustment is by means of the tractor right hand levelling box. Do not adjust the front furrow width unless this setting is correct.
90deg Sign up to vote on this title
Similar to the conventional plough, but the adjustment is by means of the wing
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In Field Adjustments
Top link correct len
For the plough to perform correctly, the top link should be adjusted so that the plough frame is parallel to the ground. Use the ‘slotted’ hole in the plough headstock with the pin central in the hole during ploughing for tractors with lower link arm sensing. This will allow the plough to move freely during operation and provide quick penetration of the soil at the headlands.
Top link too short
Top link
It is very important the plough You're legs are Reading a Preview o upright and 90 to the land being ploughed. This will ensure theUnlock plough full access with a free trial. will penetrate the soil and that all the land is ploughed level and at the same Download With Free Trial depth. If adjusted incorrectly, the plough will not run straight behind the tractor due to high forces on either the mouldboards or landsides. The furrows will also be uneven in height. If the plough fails to penetrate the soil or moves sideways away from its work, always check this adjustment.
Correct level setting with the plo 90o toSign the land being ploughed. up to vote on this title
Incorrect level adjustment
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In Field Adjustments To ensure the plough is upright (90 o) when in work, the right hand tractor lift arm is adjusted. Shortening the tractor right hand lift arm will cause the plough to lean away from work. The front furrow will also become narrower and shallower. Lengthening the tractor right hand lift arm will lower the right hand side of the plough into work. The front furrow will become wider and deeper. The plough will be slow to penetrate the soil or move to the left away from work. To ensure the plough is operating upright (90o) in both ploughing directions, the level adjustment is carried out by means of either, independent screw ad justers on the headstock for You're left and Reading a Preview right hand ploughing - ref. A & B, or by a stroke control adjustment on the turnoUnlock full access with a free trial. ver cylinder - ref. C.
C
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With the latter adjustment, it may be necessary to shorten or lengthen one of the tractors link arms to ensure equal ploughing on the left and right hand bodies.
Once the plough is working in an upright position, the front furrow width can then be adjusted.
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Opening
Tillage Operations and
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Crown
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Lengthen the tractor’s top link and raise the front body by shortening the tractor’s right hand levelling box. Lower the rear disc coulter and set the depth
The tractor is positioned so that the front body completes the split, leaving the rear body to turn a small amount of soil into the centre of the opening.
Drive the tractor to With the the left of the setting si opening and ad- the third r just the depth the tracto wheel to half the opposite intended depth. the openin Sign up to vote on this title The tractor’s Useful top Not useful link and right levelAdjust the ling box should be top link a adjusted to level
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Double Split
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Cr
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Lengthen the top link and raise the front body by ad justing the tractor’s right hand levelling box. Lower the rear disc coulter and set the depth
The tractor is positioned so that the rear body completes the split, with the depth increased to give stability to the plough. All the
Drive the tractor With the on the left of the setting si opening and ad- the third r just the depth the tracto wheel to the in- opposite tended the openin Signdepth. up to vote on this title The tractor’s Useful top Not useful link and right levelAdjust the ling box should be top link a adjusted so that ling box to
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Crown
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Lengthen the top link and raise the front body by adjusting the tractor’s right hand levelling box. Lower the rear disc coulter and set the depth
The tractor is positioned Drive the tractor so that the front body left side of the completes the split, leav- and adjust the Sign upto to votewheel on this title ing the second body to normal Notdepth. useful turn a small amount of ing Useful soil into the centre of the The tractor’s top opening. The third furrow right levelling box
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Mounted Plough
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Semi-Mounted Plough
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Reversible Plou
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1st Run
2nd Run
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Reversible Plough
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Penultimate Run
Last Run
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Trouble Shooting Problem
Cause
Always use the correct share for the width of ploughing. The share’s cutting width should be 2” less than the furrow width of the plough to allow the soil to pivot as it is inverted.
16” ploughing use 14” shares
Normally caused by the plough ‘crabbing’ due to being out of line with the tractor
Worn shares or points Plough leaning into work Discs set too deep Top link too long Tractor draft control setting
Plough leaning into work Front tractor wheel settings too wide Plough not level Damaged components
Tractor front too light You're Reading Preview Bodies out ofa line Cross position Unlock fullshaft access with a free trial.
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Tractor stabilisers or check chains too tight
Tractor wheel setting too wide or narrow
When using a tractor with wide tyres, it may be necessary to adjust the front furrow width narrower to ensure uniform and level
Correctio
Fit new shares & Reset level adju so plough is 90 Raise disc coult Shorten top link Reduce respons
Reset level adju so plough is 90 Check operator
Adjust tractor to Check plough a
Add front end w Check plough a Cross shaft cran be upright on co al ploughs Adjust so ploug float freely (mou ploughs) Check operator
onCheck Tractor wheel Sign setting up to vote this title operator too narrow Useful Not useful Cross shaft position Adjust as requir Adjust as requir Disc coulter setting
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Trouble Shooting Problem
Cause
Incorrect interbody setting Skim adjustment
Discs setting
If the plough is protected by shear bolts always check these first to ensure a bolt is not half sheared. To find half sheared bolts, loosen and check if the bolt can be rotated through 360deg. If bent, the bolt will not rotate.
Correctio
Mouldboard height ad justment Plough not level Incorrect front furrow depth or width Damaged leg or saddle Contact with large obstacle
Check mouldbo sition Adjust so that a at the same dep in the same pos Set to work at th width and depth Adjust mouldbo height and spac Reset level adju Width and dept be equal on all Check plough a ment
Ensure all legs a dles are in line. string or eye to for misalignmen
Reduce depth o crease furrow w Lengthen top lin Adjust mouldbo correct position
You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.
Furrows too deep for Download Free Trial the widthWith of ploughing Top link too short Mouldboards adjusted too far back
Adjust skims to Skim coulters set too square or too deep Sign up to vote onworking this title depth a gle Useful Not useful Adjust skims to Skim coulters set too deep or are working too working depth a
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Only patience, practice and experience
make a good ploughman and although ev
novice can recognise well Sign ploughed up to vote on this title land
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