PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMÁTICAS - UNA ALTERNATIVA DE PRODUCCIÓN COMERCIAL - USAID - MAYO 2010 - PORTALGUARANI

rrr%~gtxljbultlea%mgf

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] _EL LJXOTELXASL HO ^TGH_MMAÝE MGFOTMALJ

G OH F J G T L ]O M ' O H OE S Q L _ B L T L ^

Flg* 4><> O}xl ~udjamlmaýe kl }ahg ~to~ltlhl ~ltl jl Lboemal hoj Bgdaoteg ho jg} O}xlhg} _eahg} ~ltl oj Ho}lttgjjg Aexotelmagelj +_]LAH!* ~gt oj Aeb% Ctlema}mg Ctoxo} hoj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho


O}xo aecgtfo o}~omalj cuo tohlmxlhg ~gt oj Aeb% Ctlema}mg Ctoxo} mge oj l~gqg ho Mqexal Foehgpl tosa}lhg ~gt Toaeljhg ôeeot q Foja}l Flt xæeop ohaxlhg ~gt Ljo`lehtg ]ma}magja mgttobahg ~gt Fìafg Pgttajjl q ha}oülhg ~gt Dutýmtolxasg dl`g jl mggthaelmaýe ho jl _eahlh ho Mgfueamlmageo} hoj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho% O}xl ~udjamlmaýe l }ahg ho}lttgjjlhl ~ltl jl Lboemal hoj Bgdaoteg ho jg} O}xlhg} _eahg} ~ltl oj Ho}lttgjjg Aexotelmagelj +_]LAH! dl`g jg} xátfaeg} hoj mgextlxg E¾ OOF&A&>>&>2&>>>>;&>> XG =83% Jl aecgtflmaýe jl} mgemju}ageo} jl} aexot~toxlmageo} q jl} g~aeageo} o~to}lhl} oe o}xo aecgtfo o}~omalj }ge to}~ge}ldajahlh ho jg} luxgto} q eg too`le eomo}ltalfoexo jg} ~uexg} ho sa}xl ho _]LAH ea hoj Bgdaoteg ho jg} O}xlhg} _eahg}%

CGXG HO XL^L0

Lbtamujxgt mg}omlehg aotdl} oe oj ho~ltxlfoexg ho ]le ôhtg%


_ %k M ]{ % r r r

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] _EL LJXOTELXASL HO ^TGH_MMAÝE MGFOTMALJ


MGEXOEAHG Aextghummaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%? BOEOTLJAHLHO] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2

Mgexoxg a}xýtamg q hoeamageo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2 Lexomohoexo} a}xýtamg} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2 Mjl}amlmaýe ho jl} ~jlexl} }obðe }u} ocomxg} }gdto jl }ljuh uflel %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2 ^tg~aohlho} xotl~áuxaml} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%; Cgtfl} ho ~to~ltlmaýe q u}g} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%; L}~omxg} xámeamg} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1 Mltlmxotæ}xaml} fgtcgjýbaml} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1 Xomegjgbæl ho ~tghummaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1 ]uojg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<4 Flxotalj ho ~tg~lblmaýe%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<4 ]aofdtl g ~jlexlmaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<= Á~gml ho }aofdtl q hoe}ahlh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<8 Muahlhg} mujxutljo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<8 Mgextgj ho fljopl} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<8 Mgextgj ho ~jlbl} q oecotfohlho} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<8 Mg}oml %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<8 ]omlhg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Mlhoel} ho mgfotmaljaplmaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%<2 Lmmageo} ~ðdjaml} q ~taslhl} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4>

Sgjufoe q sljgt ho jl} o~gtxlmageo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%41 Ho}xaeg ho jl} o~gtxlmageo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%41 ^taema~ljo} of~to}l} o~gtxlhgtl} ho aotdl} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=4 Sljgt q sgjufoe ho af~gtxlmageo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%== Fotmlhg fuehalj ho aotdl} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=? ^taema~ljo} ~læ}o} af~gtxlhgto} l easoj fuehalj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=2 ^taema~ljo} ~læ}o} o~gtxlhgto} l easoj fuehalj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=1 ^tomag} ho aotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=1 ^tomag} oe oj fotmlhg ho Btle L}uemaýe%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8< ^tomag l easoj ~tgmo}lhgtl} o~gtxlhgtl} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8< ^tomag} ho o~gtxlmaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8< Mg}xg} ho ~tghummaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8< Toexldajahlh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8< O[ÔTAOEMAL LBTGOF^TO]LTALJ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8=

Xæl Xltmajl %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8= Ljalbl %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%88 Lbtg~gxq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8? L]A]XOEMAL L ^TGH_MXGTO] HO KAOTDL] GTBÌEAML] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%83

_]LAH ^ltlbulq Soeho%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%83 L}a}xoemal xámeaml oe oj lbtgeobgmag hoj gtábleg %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8; Batl xámeaml ho ml~lmaxlmaýe l Dgjasal%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%8; Lhg~maýe ho xomegjgbæl} ~ltl ~tghummaýe ho gtábleg %%%%%%%%81 ÔT]ÔMXASL] HO JL ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL] %%%%?<

TOMGJOMMAÝE Q ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL] LTGFÌXAML] Q FOHAMAELJO] OE OJ ^LTLB_LQ %%%%%%4=

Pgel} ho tomgjommaýe q ~tghummaýe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4= Ìtol }ofdtlhl ~tghummaýe q toehafaoexg}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4= Toehafaoexg} o}xaflhg} ho jl} ~taema~ljo} aotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4= ^tghummaýe lbtgomýjgbaml q gtbìeaml oe ^ltlbulq %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4?

Leìja}a} ho cgt xljopl} g~gtxueahlho} ho}lcæg} q lfoelpl} %?< Jl }gjumaýe uel lboehl ~læ} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?4 Fltmg tobujlxgtag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?4 ^taema~ljo} lmxgto} jgmljo} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?4 Jl Gtbleaplmaýe Fuehalj ho jl ]ljuh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?= MGEMJ_]AGEO] Q TOMGFOEHLMAGEO] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%??

FOTMLHG HO JL] KAOTDL] LTGFÌXAML] Q FOHAMAELJO]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%41

HATOMMAGELTAG %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?2

Fotmlhg Elmagelj%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%41

DADJAGBTLCÆL%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%?;

8 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


AEXTGH_MMAÝE

j mge}ufg ho kaotdl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^ltlbulq o} xtlhamagelj q boeotljaplhg% O} uel mg}& xufdto |uo jjobl ho jg} bultleæo}* |uo xusaotge uel egmaýe lf~jal hoj u}g q jl} ~tg~aohlho} ho jl} ~jlexl} elxasl} o kamaotge ho ojjg uel l~jamlmaýe lhomulhl ~ltl jl ~tosoe& maýe q oj xtlxlfaoexg ho sltal} oecotfohlho} |uo lcomxle lj kgfdto%

O

Oe jg} dg}|uo} q mlf~g} }o xaoeoe jg} ojofoexg} xotl~áuxa& mg} ~ltl aeamalt uel fohamael elxutlj fì} }lel% Sltal} clt& flmal} ql jg} o}xìe ~tgmo}lehg mgfg `ltldo* ~l}xajjl} q gxtg} mgf~uo}xg} gdxoeahg} oe cgtfl elxutlj% Jl hoflehl ho o}xg} ~tghumxg} oe jl lmxuljahlh sl oe lufoexg xlexg oe oj ^ltlbulq mgfg oe jg} gxtg} ~læ}o} ho jl tobaýe q hoj fuehg* |uo xaoehoe klmal oj mge}ufg ho fohamael} ljxotelxasl}% ]ae ofdltbg* oj mujxasg ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^ltlbulq o} xghlsæl aema~aoexo* }aoehg jl cgtfl ho o{~jgxlmaýe jl o{xtlmxasl* toljaplhl ~taema~ljfoexo ~gt ~ot& }gel} ho}of~jolhl} hoj mlf~g q ho jl} pgel} ~otautdlel}* |uo }o hohamle l o{xtlot jl} ~jlexl} ho jg} mlf~g} q dg}|uo} ~ltl }u mgfotmaljaplmaýe* toljaplhl ~taema~ljfoexo oe jg} fotmlhg} ho L}uemaýe q }u} ljtohohgto}%

Jl ~gml ~tghummaýe l easoj mgfotmalj }o hodo* oexto gxtg} clmxgto}* lj ho}mgegmafaoexg ho jl cgtfl ho ~tghummaýe q jl cljxl ho ml~lmaxlmaýe oe oj fleo`g hoj mujxasg ~gt jg} ~tghumxgto} q jg} xámeamg} |uo gxgtble l}a}xoemal xámeaml hoj }omxgt ~ðdjamg q ~taslhg% Oj l~gqg budotelfoexlj klmal o}xo }omxgt o} ~tìmxamlfoe& xo eujg* ~gt jg |uo jl lu}oemal ho aeso}xablmaýe lbtæmgjl* mtáhaxg g~gtxueg q djlehg q oj o}xldjomafaoexg ho mleljo} ho mgfotmaljaplmaýe* mge}xaxuqoe gd}xìmujg} ~ltl oj ho}lttg& jjg q jl hacu}aýe ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^ltlbulq% O} ~gt ojjg |uo oj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho* of~toehafaoexg elemalhg ~gt jl Lboemal hoj Bgdaoteg ho jg} O}xlhg} _eahg} ~ltl oj Ho}lttgjjg Aexotelmagelj +_]LAH!* kl o}xlhg xtldl`lehg mge of~to}l} ~taslhl} oe ~tgmutl ho dtaehlt l}a}xoemal xámeaml l ~tghumxgto} oe oj ìtol ho ~tghummaýe q mgfotmaljaplmaýe* mge oj gdòxasg ho lufoexlt jl} soexl}* boeotlt of~jog} q* ~gt oeho* mgfdlxat jl ~gdtopl tutlj% Omge% Toaeljhg ôeeot

Hatomxgt Oòmuxasg _]LAH ' ^ltlbulq Soeho

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] ?

G OH JF G T L ]O M ' O H OE S Q L _ B L T ^L


^of~ol ho xg o l ~lxl clmmglhgl ho Lll o Lmý%



BOEOTLJAHLHO] MGeXO{XG ka}XtaMG q HOCaeaMaGeO} LeXOMOHOeXO} ka}XtaMG}

Jl ka}xgtal hoj kgfdto o}xì o}xtomklfoexo jablhl mge jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}% Lexo} ho mgegmot oj cuobg q hgfo}xamlt l jg} leafljo}* }u }ud}a}xoemal ho~oehæl oe btle ~ltxo ho jl} kaotdl}* jg} ctuxg}* jl faoj q jg} ùbg} |uo o{xtlæl ho jl} ~jlexl}% Oe oj ~otaghg eogjæxamg* oj kgfdto }o suojso }ohoexltag q l~ltomo jl lbtamujxutl* }o mujxasle btleg} q ~jlexl} mgfg oj kaeg`g q oj majlextg* jl} |uo }o uxajapldle mgfg mgehafoexg}% Xlfdaáe }o aeamal jl cotfoexlmaýe ho maotxg} motoljo} mge jl lquhl ho }ofajjl} ltgfìxaml} mgfg oj mgfaeg q oj leæ}* }o aexoexl toljplt oj }ldgt mge kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q }o ho}mudtoe }ldgto} mgfg oj ho jl lebájaml q jg} ctuxg} ho jl usl% Jg} btaobg} u}ldle ~jlexl} ltgfìxaml} oe }u fohamael q jl} aemgt~gtltge l }u faxgjgbæl xoàoehg joqoehl}* mgfg jl ho Hlceo mgesotxahl oe jlutoj q jl ho jl komkamotl Fohol q }u} oemlexlfaoexg} l dl}o ho ~jlexl} ltgfìxaml}% Kgfotg foemagel oe }u Gha}ol `lthaeo} mgf~uo}xg} ho ~jlexl} ltgfìxaml} q o}~omal}% Oj }abjg [SAA fltmý oj l~gbog ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}* |uo kl}xl oexgemo} }o of~joltge ho fleotl jafaxlhl mgfg fohamael9 }u eðfotg kldæl lufoexlhg* ~uo} l~ltomaotge gxtl} mgfg jl fleabuoxl ho Buaeeol q oj leæ} o}xtojjlhg ho Mkael% L eljo} hoj }abjg [SAAA* }u sljgt ~taema~lj otl oj mutlxasg% Oe jl lmxuljahlh }o o}xafl |uo ljtohohgt hoj ;>/ ho jl ~g& djlmaýe fuehalj tomutto l jl fohamael xtlhamagelj kotdgjltal ~ltl jl lxoemaýe ~tafltal ho jl }ljuh%

O} tomgegmahg |uo jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} mge}xaxuqoe ue fotmlhg mlhl sop fì} ~tgfa}gtag ~ltl jg} ~læ}o} adotglfotamleg}* oe ~ltxo ~gt oj }utbafaoexg oe oj ìfdaxg fuehalj hoj ‚mge}ufg sotho‖* |uo tomgegmo jl uea& hlh hoj kgfdto mge jl elxutljopl q du}ml cuoexo} xotl~áuxa& ml} oe á}xl9 q* oe btle fohahl ~gt jl eomo}ahlh mtomaoexo ho tomu~otlt euo}xtl} tlæmo}* euo}xtl mujxutl q euo}xtl ahoexa& hlh % MjL}aCaMLMae HO jL} ^jLeXL} }Obe }u} OCOMXG} }GdtO jL }LjuH kuFLeL

Jg} soboxljo} |uo lcomxle oe mulj|uaot }oexahg jl }ljuh ku& flel* ~gt }u aebo}xaýe* ld}gtmaýe g mgexlmxg* }o mjl}amle oe fohamaeljo}* ltgfìxaml}* soeoeg}l}* eltmýxaml} q o}~omal}% ^jlexl} fohamaeljo}% ]ge l|uojjg} soboxljo} |uo ojldgtle ueg} foxldgjaxg} }omuehltag}* jjlflhg} ‚~taema~ag} lmxasg}‖* }u}xlemal} |uo oòtmoe uel lmmaýe cltflmgjýbaml* doeomag}l g ~otùhamalj* }gdto oj gtblea}fg sasg% ]u uxajahlh ~tafgt& halj* l somo} o}~omæml* o} }otsat mgfg htgbl g fohamlfoexg |uo ljasao jl} oecotfohlho} g to}xldjopml jl }ljuh ~othahl% Mge}xaxuqoe l~tg{aflhlfoexo jl }á~xafl ~ltxo ho jl} o}~o& mao} o{a}xoexo}% ^jlexl gmaelj% O} jl |uo ~gt }u} ~tg~aohlho} cltflmgjýba& ml} o}xì tomgbahl oe jl cltflmg~ol g |uo cgtfl ~ltxo ho ue fohamlfoexg ~to~ltlhg mgecgtfo l jl} tobjl} ho l|uojjl% ^jlexl} ltgfìxaml}% ]ge l|uojjl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} muqg} ~taema~ag} lmxasg} o}xìe mge}xaxuahg}* xgxlj g ~ltmaljfoexo* ~gt o}oemal}% To~to}oexle ljtohohgt ho ue >*2/ hoj xgxlj ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 2


BOEOTLJAHLHO]

^jlexl} mgehafoexltal} g o}~omal}% O{a}xo ue maotxg eðfotg ho ~jlexl} ltgfìxaml}* ~gt xlexg fohamaeljo}* |uo oj kgfdto uxajapl ~gt }u} mltlmxotæ}xaml} gtblegjá~xaml}* |uo mgfueamle l jg} ljafoexg} q dodahl} maotxg} ltgfl}* mgjgto} q }ldgto}* |uo jg} klmoe fì} l~oxaxg}g}* btlxg} q }ldtg}g} lj gjclxg* sa}xl q ~ljlhlt%

~ljfoexo oe tlæmo} q mgtxopl* juobg oe kg`l}% Lmoxo oomlo0 }ge jabotlfoexo sgjìxajo}* ho gjgt mltlmxotæ}xamg% ^tg~gtmagele ocomxg} o}xafujlexo} oe jl ~aoj q

fumg}l}* }ge o{~omxgtlexo} q jl{lexo}% ^m~g lflg0 o}xafujle jl }omtomaýe ho ùbg}

bì}xtamg}* bjìehujl} }ljaslto} q dajalto}% ^tGâOHLHO} XOtL^áuXaML}

Jg} ~taema~ag} lmxasg} }ge }u}xlemal} |uo kle ho }otsat mgfg htgbl g fohamlfoexg |uo ljasao uel oecotfohlh% O}xg} }o mjl}amle oe0

CGtFL} HO ^tO^LtLMae q u}G}

koxoýhg0 ]o oemuoextle oe xghl jl ~jlexl* ho ~toco&

toemal oe kg`l}* gto}* q tlæp%

~ltxo ho ~jlexl* lbul kotsahl* q ho`lt to~g}lt ~gt jg foeg} ? faeuxg}% Dodot xadal ~gt jg foeg} xto} somo} lj hæl* ho}& ~uá} ho jl} mgfahl}%

}clhg0 mgfg l`g* modgjjl* dottg}%

Mgmfoxg0 }o toljapl sotxaoehg jl} aecu}ageo} }gdto lbul

Mlýog0 o}xafujle jl to}~atlmaýe q fo`gtle habo}xaýe9

katsaoehg* ~gt jg foeg} => fae% ]gdto ~ltxo} joüg}l} q tlæmo}%

acgo0 sotxot oe uel xlpl uel l hg} kg`l} g ljbuel

fgtxlj oe o{mo}g% Oxlmxg0 flmotlmageo} lmug}l} g ljmgkýjaml}% Coýmg f~o0 xaoeoe lmmaýe mìu}xaml q }o oemuoextl

hajuahg oe jl }lsal ho jg} dtgxo} `ýsoeo}% Mflæmg0 o}xìe to~ltxahg} xlexg oe jl} kg`l}* mgfg oe jg} ctuxg}* }ofajjl} q tlæmo} q xaoeoe ocomxg} lexamglbujlexo}%

Xxl0 flmotlmageo} cto}ml} oe ljmgkgj ho 2>/* ho <> hæl} l }oa} }oflel}% @llo0 ha}gjumageo} ho l 4>> btlfg} ho lpðmlt oe

<>> btlfg} ho lbul* lülhaáehgjo} jl} ~ltxo} ho ~jlexl}% Clggho0 }ge doeomag}g} lexo ~tgdjofl} ho mgtlpýe

q matmujlmaýe% Mlhl ueg ho o}xg} ~g}oo ~tg~aohlho} foha& maeljo} o}~omæml} q ~ltxamujlto}* jg |uo xaoeoe oe mgfðe o} |uo }u} ~tg~aohlho} }ge lmxaslhl} q o{xtlæhl} mge oj lbul* oe aecu}aýe g mgmmaýe%

^gg0 ~ltxo} ho ~jlexl} }oml} q ~ujsotaplhl}%

Fmælg  gfl0 xaoeoe ~tg~aohlho} lexa aelflxg& tal} q ofgjaoexo} oe jl ~aoj9 ~to}oexo oe jl} sujeotltal}%

bgxl0 ~tgsaoeoe ho aecu}ageo}* sæl gtlj%

Lmlgho0 }o uxajaple oe fohamael ~ltl lufoexlt q ha}&

Xxl & flho0 flmotlmaýe oe ljmgkgj ho jl ~jlexl

oexotl g }u} ~ltxo}* hutlexo xto} }oflel}%

@g g fg0 }o mgtxl oe ~ohlpg} ~o|uoüg} |uo }o fl& mklmle* kl}xl gdxoeot jl }lsal%

faeuat jl ~to}aýe9 lmxðle }gdto oj }a}xofl eotsag}g% Flmolmý0 }o ho}foeuple q flmklmle kg`l}* gto}* ctu& Xlg0 xaoeoe ~tg~aohlho} l}xtaeboexo} q lexa}á~xaml}9 }o

xg} q }ofajjl}* oe lbul* ljmgkgj* saeg* lmoaxo q'g lbulthaoexo%

l~jamle o{xotelfoexo oe oj xtlxlfaoexg ho kotahl} g xoàhg} aelflhg}% ^ltl o{xtlotjg} }o to|uaoto ho uel mgmmaýe ho jl ~jlexl ho ~gt jg foeg} <> faeuxg}% ]o oemuoextle ~taema&

dlg0 }o ~to~ltle mge ue mgmafaoexg g aecu}aýe mgemoe& xtlhl ho ~jlexl}* |uo }o fopmjle mge oj lbul xadal ho jl xael%

; ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


BOEOTLJAHLHO]

Mlxl~lfl0 l~jamlmaýe hatomxl ho jl kaotdl flmklmlhl

L}ÔMXG} XáMeaMG}

}gdto jl pgel |uo }o ho}ol xtlxlt% MLtLMXOt}XaML} FGtCGjbaML}

Mgf~ol0 l~jamlmaýe hatomxl oe mgf~to}l} mljaoexo} ho

Oe oj mulhtg }o ho}mtado jl} mltlmxotæ}xaml} ho ljbuel} ho jl}

aecu}aýe g mgmafaoexg%

~taema~ljo} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}%

allmý0 l}~atlmaýe ho jg} sl~gto} |uo }o gdxaoeoe oe

ue mgmafaoexg%

XOMeGjGbL HO ^tGHuMMae

Jl xomegjgbæl ho ~tghummaýe }o ~to}oexl ho cgtfl boeotlj* xoeaoehg oe muoexl jl hasot}ahlh ho o}~omao} q jl} hacotoexo}

G OH F J G T L ]O M ' O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^

^of~ol ho xg ~ll oxol l l of~ol lll%



BOEOTLJAHLHO]

MuLHtG <0 MLtLMXOt}XaML} ^taeMa^LjO} O}ÔMaO}

MLtLMXOt}XaML} FGtCGjbaML}

LMOHOTL ]AJSO]XTO +Tufo lmoxg}l! L@OHTOL HO @LTHÆE +]lxuto`l gtxoe}a}!

O} uel ~jlexl |uo jjobl l fohat l}xl ?> mf ho ljxutl% ]uojo oemgextlt}o oe pgel} ðfohl} q }uojg} tamg} oe eaxtýboeg% Jl} gto} ho ~áxljg} sotho} g tg`g} }o lbtu~le oe o}~abl} ho l}xl 4? mf ho jltbg% O}xl aotdl o} leulj q fuq ltgfìxaml ho xljjg otbuahg q tlfamlhg |uo ljmlepl jg} => g 8> mf ho ljxutl% ]o ho}lttgjjl oe cgtfl ý~xafl oe mjafl} }omg} q o} ho mgjgt sagjoxl g sotho9 ~g}oo g`l} g~uo}xl} jlemogjlhl}% Jl ljdllml o} uel ~jlexl otdìmol leulj ho xljjg tlfamlhg% ûoho jjoblt l fohat l}xl fohag foxtg ho ljxutl mge g`l} g~uo}xl} gsljo} q l~uexlhl} ho mgjgt sotho mge gto} djleml}% Jl ~jlexl }o ~uoho mujxaslt lj lato jadto g oe flmoxl oe }uojg} tamg}% ]o }oml ho}~uá} ho }u gtlmaýe ~gt jg |uo mgesaoeo mgtxlt jl} gto} l~oel} l~ltomoe ho o}xl fleotl }o jl} ~uoho uxajaplt l}xl hg} lüg}% Jl ljml~lttl o} ue ltdu}xg ~otoeeo ho tlæp joüg}l q tlfamlmageo} otbuahl} hasahahl} oe jl ~ltxo }u~otagt mge g`l} matmujlto} ho mgjgt sotho q gto} tg}lhl}% Mtomo oe jublto} }gjolhg}% O} fuq ltgfìxaml% O}xl ~jlexl o} otdìmol leulj q ~uoho jjoblt l fohat l}xl ?> mf ho ljxutl% O} ho xljjg otbuahg tlfamlhg q mge g`l} dl}ljo} ~ltxahl} q ~o|uoül} gto} djleml} |uo hle jublt l ctuxg} ho cgtfl gslj% O} fuq cìmaj ho mujxaslt% ]u} ~tg~aohlho} fohamaeljo} }o mgegmoe ho}ho jl lexabúohlh% Jl ltxofa}l o} uel ~jlexl saslp ho ~gtxo mo}~axg}g mge ue xljjg lebujg}g ho mgjgt tgàpg mudaot xg ho g`l} ljxotel} fuq tomgtxlhl} q gto} ho mgjgt lfltajjg% Oj dottg ho `lthæe o} uel ~jlexl leulj ho xljjg otbuahg |uo ~uoho jjoblt l fohat l}xl fohag foxtg

LJDLkLML +Gmafuf dlmajamuf! LJML^LTTL +Ml~~lta} }~aeg}l! LEÆ] H_JMO +âf~aeojjl lea}uf! LTXOFA]L +Ltxofa}l sujblta}! DOTTG HO @LTHÆE +Jo~ahauf }lxasuf! DOTTG HO LB_L +el}xutxauf gcmaelja}! DGTTL@L +Dgttlbg gcmaelja}! FO@GTLEL +Fl`gtlel gtxoe}a}! FOJA]L +Foja}}l gcmaelja}! FOEXL +Foexl ~a~otaxl! FG]XLPL DJLEML +]ael~a} ljdl! GTÁBLEG +Gtableuf sujblto! ÔTACGJAG +Lexta}mu} motocgjauf!

ho ljxutl hasahahl oe jl ~ltxo }u~otagtgto} oe tlfamlmageo} gtahl}% mgf~uo}xg} |uo }g}xaoeo ~o|uoül} ho mgjgt djlemg tgàpg%Jl} aegto}moemal} }ge tlmafg} Oj dottg ho lbul mtomo oe jublto} ðfohg} xlexg oe jl jjleutl mgfg oe fgexlül} o} uel ~jlexl otdìmol ~otoeeo mge xljjg tl}xtotg ho l}xl ;> mf ho ljxutl q g`l} ho mgjgt sotho mjltg lmgtlpgelhl} mge gto} ho mgjgt djlemg oe cgtfl ho tlmafg% Jl dgttl`l mtomo oe cgtfl ý~xafl oe }uojg} daoe xtlxlhg} q eaxtgboelhg} }o le gdxoeahg oòf~jlto} ho l}xl <=>f% O} uel ~jlexl leulj mudaotxl ho ~ojg} djle|uomaeg} q xljjg tlfamlhg mge g`l} gsljlhl}% Oe oj oxtofg }u~otagt hoj xljjg l~ltomoe mafl} }uojxl} ho gto} lpujo}% Jl fo`gtlel ~jlexl otdìmol leulj ho xljjg otbuahg q tlfamlhg ~uoho fohat ueg} 8> g ?> mf ~g}oo g`l} g~uo}xl} q gsljlhl} q ~o|uoül} gto} oe cgtfl ho tlmafg}% Ho}~aho ue cuotxo q lbtlhldjo ~otcufo% O}xl ~jlexl ho}~toeho ue mltlmxotæ}xamg gjgt l jafýe o} otdìmol ~otoeeo ho xljjg otbuahg |uo ~uoho fohat l}xl < f ho ljxutl mge g`l} ~tgsa}xl} ho ue jltbg ~omægjg g~uo}xl} q ljltblhl} q gto} ho ha}xaexg} mgjgto} ho~oehaoehg ho jl ohlh ho jl ~jlexl% Ho lbtlhldjo ltgfl jl foexl o} uel ~jlexl ~otoeeo ho ueg} => mf ho ljxutl ~g}oo eufotg}g} xljjg} mge g`l} ~o|uoül} jlemogjlhl} g~uo}xl} l~oel} hoexlhl} q gto} lbtu~lhl} oe o}~abl} xotfaeljo} ho mgjgt sagjoxl% Xghl jl ~jlexl o}xì tomudaotxl ho sojjg Jl fg}xlpl djleml o} uel otdìmol leulj ho xljjg otbuahg ho l}xl < foxtg ho ljxutl fuq tlfamlhg q |uo }g}xaoeo g`l} btleho} ho l}xl 4? mf ljxotel} q ljltblhl} mge gto} ho mgjgt lfltajjg ha}~uo}xl} oe cgtfl ho tlmafg% Oj gtábleg o} uel ~jlexl ~otoeeo ho xljjg otbuahg ho l}xl 8> mf ho ljxutl mudaotxg ho g`l} g~uo}xl} q gsljo} ho ~o|uoüg xlflüg% Jl} g`l} fì} btleho} }o oemuoextle oe jl ~lt xo aecotagt ho jl ~jlexl% Mlhl tlfl }u~otagt xotfael oe ~o|uoül} gto} sagjìmol} % Oj ~otacgjag xaoeo ~o|uoül} gto} ho mgjgt djlemg% O} uel ~jlexl leulj ho xljjg uomg ho l}xl 3> mf ho ljxutl g`l} ho mgjgt sotho mjltg q btuo}l tlæp ~taema~lj ho cuotxo ltgfl%

<> ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


BOEOTLJAHLHO]

O}ÔMaO}

MLtLMXOt}XaML}FGtCGjbaML}

^GJOG +Foexl ~ujobauf!

O} uel ~jlexl fuq ltgfìxaml ~otoeeo |uo ljmlepl cìmajfoexo jg} 8> mf ho ljxutl mge eufotg}g} xljjg} ho g`l} gdjgebl} jlemogjlhl} lttublhl} q ho mgjgt sotho9 ~g}oo lhofì} gto} lbtu~lhl} oe o}~abl} ho mgjgt jajl% Ho ue aexoe}g ltgfl oj mgfaeg o} uel ~jlexl leulj ho => mf l < f ho ljxutl mge g`l} jlemaelhl} |uo }g}xaoeo ue eðfotg tohumahg ho gto} ho ~áxljg} djlemg} g tg}lhg}% O} uel ~jlexl ho xa~g leulj ho xljjg tlfamlhg |uo jjobl l fohat l}xl mf ho ljxutl mge g`l} ljltblhl} |uo ~to}oexle uel eotslhutl mltlmxotæ}xaml ~g}oo ~o|uoül} gtmajjl} djleml} g lpujlhl}% O} uel ~jlexl |uo ho}~toeho ue cuotxo ltgfl o} leulj ~otoeeo q ljbueg} oòf~jlto} }uojoe jjoblt l fohat l}xl 3> mf ho ljxutl ~g}oo ue mgeùexg ho tapgfl} oextojlplhg} }udxottìeog} ho jg} |uo elmoe eufotg}g} xljjg} mge g`l} jlemogjlhl} hoexlhl} q ho mgjgt sotho lhofì} ho gto} ho mgjgt

MGFAEG +Mufaeuf }qfaeuf! OEOJHG +Oeoxuf btlsogjoe}! O]XTLBÝE +Ltxofa}l htlmuemuju}! BOEMALEL +Boexalel juxol! kAOTDL HO JG] MLEÝEABG] +Sljotaleojjl jgmu}xl! kAOTDL D_OEL +Foexl }~amlxl!

sagjoxl% kAEG@G HO CJGTOE& Xghl jl ~jlexl ho}~toeho ue cuot xo ltgfl% O} daleulj ho l}xl 4 f ho ljxutl ho xljjg otbuahg o}xtalhg MAL +Cgoeamujuf sujblto! q tlfamlhg cgtfl ~o|uoül} gto} lfltajjl}% & kA]G^G +kq}}g~u} gcmaelja}!

Oj a}g~g ~uoho ljmleplt ueg} ?> g 3> moexæfoxtg} ho ljxutl o} uel ~jlexl otdìmol ~otoeeo ~g}oo ue xljjg tlfamlhg q joüg}g mge eufotg}g} sì}xlbg} ho g`l} jlemogjlhl} q gto} lpujo}%

T_ADLTDG +Touf tldltdltuf!

O} uel ~jlexl |uo }o ho}lttgjjl oe ~taflsotl jjobl l fohat l}xl < foxtg hgxlhl ho uel tlæp ~taema~lj |uo cgtfl ~tgjgeblmageo} jlxotljo} mge g`l} fuq btleho} q lmgtlpgelhl}% L ~taema~ag} ho ùeag cgtfle uel btle aegto}moemal mge gto} ho mgjgt mtofl% ]LJSAL Jl }ljsal o} ue }ofaltdu}xg saslp ho xljjg tlfamlhg mudaot xg ho g`l} ~otoeeo} g~uo}xl} gsljo} +]ljsal gcmaelja}! tubg}l} q ho mgjgt sotho% Ljmlepl l}xl ;> mf ho ljxutl mge gto} ho mgjgt sagjoxl tg`g sagjìmog g djlemg% O} fuq ltgfìxaml% XGFAJJG O}xo ~o|uoüg ltdu}xg tl}xtotg saslp fuq tlfamlhg ho xljjg} otdìmog} mudaot xg} ho g`l} g~uo}xl} +Xqfu} sujblta}! q ho cgtfl jaeolj ljmlepl jg} => mf ho ljxutl% Jl} tlfl} tomxl} q joüg}l} toðeoe oe }u oxtofahlh ~o|uoül} gto} djleml} ha}~uo}xl} oe o}~abl% SLJOTALEL Ml~lp ho ljmleplt <? f ho ljxutl ho gto} djleml} g tgàpl} ~o|uoül} jl sljotalel o} uel ~jlexl +Sljotalel gcmaelja}! otdìmol saslp ho eufotg}l} tlæmo} mge oj aexotagt uomg q uel ~o|uoül mo~l ho jl |uo dtgxl ue xljjg lebujg}g mge g`l} g~uo}xl} q ~aelhl}% SOTHGJLBL Jl sothgjlbl xaoeo xljjg} ho => mf ho jltbg% O} uel ~jlexl leulj tl}xtotl% Oe jg} }uojg} ðfohg} ~uoho +^gtxujlml gjotlmol! ljmleplt < f ho haìfoxtg% ]u} g`l} }ge ljltblhl} q gto} ho mgjgt djlemg lfltajjoexg g tg`g% TGFOTG Oj tgfotg o} ue ltdu}xg joüg}g ~otoeeo ho ~gtxo tl}xtotg l}moehoexo mge g`l} jaeoljo} g~uo}xl} ho +Tg}fltaeu} gcmaeljja}! mgjgt sotho oe jl ~ltxo }u~otagt q djleml} oe jl aecotagt%Xaoeo ue cuotxo ltgfl ~oeoxtlexo% T_HL +Tuxl btlsogjoe}! ^jlexl joüg}l ~otoeeo ho xljjg tlfamlhg mge g`l} ljxotel} q ja}l} mge gto} ho mgjgt lfltajjg% Xghl jl ~jlexl ~g}oo lduehlexo} bjìehujl} q ho}~toeho ue cuotxo gjgt mltlmxotæ}xamg%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] <<



Mhlhg mxlo ho glg o l ~lxl ho kol~l o bllæ* ho~lxlfoxg ho }l ôhg%

mltlmxotæ}xaml} |uo ~to}oexle% Ljbueg} }ge mujxasg} leuljo}* gxtg} }ge ho o}~omao} ~otoeeo} q }ofa~otoeeo}* gxtg} ho fujxa~jamlmaýe l}o{ulj* oxm%

^ltl }uojg} mge dl`g mgexoeahg ho flxotal gtbìeaml }o tomgfaoehl l~jamlt o}xaátmgj% Jl l~jamlmaýe hoj fa}fg hodo toljaplt}o hutlexo jl} jldgto} ho ~to~ltlmaýe hoj xottoeg%

}uOjG

FLXOtaLj HO ^tG^LbLMae

Jl btle flqgtæl ho jl} kaotdl} mtomoe daoe oexto ~K ?*? q 2*? }aof~to |uo eg }ole }ljaeg}* lue|uo o{a}xoe gxtl} |uo }o lhl~xle l mgehamageo} ho }uojg} hoj Mklmg%

Klq hg} xa~g} ho ~tg~lblmaýe* uel }o{ulj q gxtl l}o{ulj% Klq ~jlexl} |uo }o ~uohoe ~tg~lblt ~gt o}xg} hg} fáxghg}%

Xljo} kaotdl} eomo}axle }uojg} ctlemg ” ltoeg ” kufæcotg}% O} eomo}ltag uel fuq duoel ~to~ltlmaýe hoj xottoeg% Ho eg kldot flxotal gtbìeaml }umaoexo oe oj }uojg hodo mudtat}o o}xl homaoemal mge jl aemgt~gtlmaýe ldgeg} q'g cotxajaplexo} gtbìeamg}% O} fuq af~gtxlexo foemagelt |uo o} ho cuehlfoexlj af~gtxlemal ue o}xuhag ~tosag ho jg} }uojg} l xtlsá} hoj leìja}a} ho jg} fa}fg}* muqg to}ujxlhg hltì aecgtflmageo} fì} ~toma}l} ho jl} mgehamageo} toljo} ho hamkg} }uojg}* xlexg oe jg tocotoexo l jl ha}~geadajahlh ho euxtaoexo} mgfg l jl} mgehamageo} |uæfaml} |uo clsgtomoe g lcomxoe hamkl ha}~geadajahlh%

<4 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

Jl ~tg~lblmaýe }o{ulj o} jl |uo }o toljapl ~gt fohag ho }ofajjl} q jl l}o{ulj o} jl |uo }o toljapl ~gt fohag ho mulj|uaot ~ltxo soboxlxasl% Jl} fì} mgfueo} }ge0 o}|uoò}* lmghg}* hasa}aýe ho flxl} o kaùojg}% ^g~llmý ol0 mge o}xo xa~g ho ~tg~lblmaýe }o gd&

}otsl oj aemgesoeaoexo ho |uo eg }o gdxaoeoe ~jlexl} o{lm& xlfoexo abuljo} l jl ~jlexl flhto* ql |uo o} oj to}ujxlhg ho jl mgfdaelmaýe ho boeo} hoj ~lhto q ho jl flhto% ^gt xlexg* |uapì} jl ho}moehoemal eg mge}otso jl} duoel} mltlmxotæ}xaml} |uo aexoto}le ho jl flhto% ^g~llmý lol0 }o gdxaoeoe aehasahug} boeáxaml& foexo aháexamg} l jl ~jlexl flhto +}ge mjgeo}! q flexaoeoe }u} fa}fl} mltlmxotæ}xaml}% ^gt oòf~jg* ~ltl flexoeot


BOEOTLJAHLHO]

MuLHtG 4 0 á^GML HO }aOFdtL* FujXa^jaMLMae q HOe}aHLH HO jL} ^taeMa^LjO} ^jLeXL} FOHaMaeLjO} q LtGFXaML}% O~omo

á~gml ho }ofl

Cgfl ho fx~mlmý

Hohlh +Fhl'l!

Xajg & Xajg btlehacgjal Leæ} & âf~aeojjl lea}uf Flepleajjl & Mklfgfajjl flxtamltal Mgtalehtg & Mgtalehtuf }lxasuf kaeg`g & Cgoeamujue sujblto Oeojhg & Leoxkuf btlsogjoe} Clj}g Lplctìe & Mltxlfu} gcmaelja} Dgttl`l Dgtlbg gcmaelja} Il‑l ko‑à & ]xosal todluhalel Dotxgea Mohtýe & Ja~~al maxtaghgtl Tuhl & Tuxl mkljo~oe}a} Duttaxg & Ljgq}al ~gjq}xlmkql Xgfajjg & Xkqfu} sujblta} Lòe`g & Ltxofa}al gd}oexkauf Ljumoel & Jlslehujl gcmaelja} Foexl & Foexkl }~~% Gtábleg & Gtobleuf sujblto ^gjog‑a & Foexkl ~ujobauf Mohtýe Il~a‑a & Mqfdg~gbgf maxtlxu} Ljdllml & Gmafue dl}ajamuf Tgfotg & Tg}fltaeu} gcmaelja} ]ljsal & ]ljsal gcmaelja}

Codtotg ” Egsaofdto @ueag ” Gmxudto Ldtaj & @ueag Ldtaj & @ueag Flqg ” @ujag Flqg ” @ujag Flqg Flqg ” @ueag Ldtaj ” Flqg Lbg}xg ” Egsaofdto Lbg}xg ” Egsaofdto Lbg}xg ” Egsaofdto Ldtaj ” Gmxudto Fltpg ” Ldtaj ]oxaofdto ” Fltpg Flqg ” Egsaofdto ]oxaofdto ” Egsaofdto Lbg}xg ” Gmxudto Ldtaj ” ]oxaofdto Ldtaj & @ueag @ujag & ]oxaofdto Flqg & ]oxaofdto

]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ]ofajjl} ” O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} O}|uoò} ]o~ltlmaýe ho flxl ]ofajjl} O}|uoò} O}|uoò}

<>%>>> 1%>>> & <4%>>> 4?%>>> & =>%>>> ;%>>> & 1%>>> 2%>>> & ;%>>> 2%>>> & ;%>>> >> & 4>%>>> 2%>>> & <>%>>> ;>%>>> <>%>>> 4?%>>> <>%>>> =4%>>> 4?%>>> 4?%>>> ;?%>>> ?>%>>> >> 4>%>>> ?>%>>> <3%>>> 4?%>>>

Cuoexo0 O}xuhag}* ~g}adajahlho}* ho}lttgjjg q hacu}aýe ho ~jle xl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^ltlbulq* Hatommaýe ho ]ofa jjl} +HA]O! ' FLB & Lüg 4>>8%l

kg`l} mge mgjgto} sltalhg} g gto} ho ue hoxotfaelhg xa~g* mltlmxotæ}xaml} ho to}a}xoemal lj mjafl q lj }uojg* oxm% _el ho jl} uxajahlho} ho jl fujxa~jamlmaýe ~gt }ofajjl} o} ~ltl gdxoeot kædtahg}* o} homat* mtuplt hg} o}~omao} ha}xaexl}% }aOFdtL G ^jLeXLMae

Jl }aofdtl ~uoho toljaplt}o oe cgtfl hatomxl oe }uojg* oe ljfìmabg} q'g oe flmoxl}% Ho~oehaoehg hoj flxotalj ho ~tg~lblmaýe l }ot uxajaplhg q ho jl} o}~omao}* jl }aofdtl ~uoho hlt}o ho jl} }abuaoexo} cgtfl}0

}ofl0 jg egtflj oe jl fujxa~jamlmaýe ~gt }ofajjl} o}

toljaplt jl }aofdtl oe toma~aoexo} mgfg dleho`l} g flmoxl}* ~otg xlfdaáe }o ~uoho toljaplt hatomxlfoexo oe oj }uojg% ]a jl }aofdtl }o klmo oe oj }uojg* á}xo hodo o}xlt fuq daoe ~to~ltlhg* fujjahg* }uojxg q oeta|uomahg mge flexajjg g xutdl q ltoel% Oxlml g O|oò0 boeotljfoexo* jl} o}xlml} g o}|uoò} }o ~jlexle oe toma~aoexo} l mudaotxg* lue|uo xlfdaáe o}xl g~otlmaýe }o ~uoho klmot lj lato jadto* hatomxlfoexo oe oj }uojg% Mgfg }u}xtlxg }o u}l ltoel mge xutdl l ~ltxo} abuljo}% Lexo} ho ~jlexlt jl} o}xlml}* ~ltl clsgtomot oj oetlaplfaoexg* }o af~tobel g fg`l jl dl}o* 4 g = mf* mge kgtfgel} ho

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] <=


BOEOTLJAHLHO]

oetlaplfaoexg oe ~gjsg g jæ|uahg%

MGeXtGj HO ^jLbL} q OeCOtFOHLHO}

Lmghg0 oj lmghlhg mge}a}xo oe klmot ho}lttgjjlt tlæmo} l ue xljjg }ae }o~ltltjg ho jl ~jlexl flhto% _el sop |uo kl oe&

^gt jg boeotlj* }ge ~gmg} jg} ae}omxg} |uo lxlmle l jl} ~jle& xl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}% ]ae ofdltbg* }o kle gd}otsl& hg ~gdjlmageo} ho ~ujbgeo}* gtubl} mgtxlhgtl}* fgju}mg}*

tlaplhg }o }o~ltl* gdxoeaáehg}o gxtl ~jlexl aeho~oehaoexo* |uo sasatì mge }u} ~tg~al} tlæmo}% ]o }aofdtl hatomxlfoexo l mlf~g g oe flmoxl}% Hý ho ^lxl0 jl hasa}aýe ho jl} ~jlexl} o} uel xámeaml ho ~tg~lblmaýe }oemajjl q jl fì} tì~ahl ~ltl gdxoeot euosg} oòf~jlto}% ]o ~uoho ~tlmxamlt oe o}~omao} |uo klqle tlfamlhg daoe ~gt ldl`g* |uo xoeble fumkg} dtgxo} ho}ho jl dl}o hoj }uojg% Mge}a}xo oe hasahat mo~ojjýe ho xaottl q tlæmo} oe 4 g fì} xtgpg}% Jl} ~ltxo} hasahahl} }otìe ~jlexl} mgf~joxl} ja}xl} ~ltl to~jlexlt oe xaottl g flmoxl}%

dldg}l} q mgjoý~xotg} oe ljbuel} o}~omao}% Oexto jl} oecotfohlho} ~tghumahl} ~gt kgebg} }o foemag& ele lxl|uo} ho Ljxoteltal }~* ]o~xgtal }~ q ]mjotgxauf }~* mgfg jg} fì} lduehlexo}% Xlfdaáe }o kle hoxomxlhg l jg} Tkapgmxgeal }~* Dgxtqxa} }~* Cu}ltauf }~ q Motmg}~gtl }~% O}xg} lduehle o}~omaljfoexo oe á~gml} ho ljxl} xof~otlxu& tl} q ~otæghg} ho btleho} jjusal}* oe }uojg} ho ~gdto ho}lbúo q fljl latolmaýe% Oe mgextgj ho ae}omxg} ~uoho toljaplt}o ~gt fohag} dag& jýbamg} l xtlsá} ho0

k`og0 uel cgtfl cìmaj ~ltl xoeot uel} mulexl} ~jlexl} mge}a}xo oe o{xtlot kaùojg} oetlaplhg} |uo }o gtabaele oe jl dl}o ho ~jlexl} sao`l}% Ja}xl} ~ltl ~jlexlt oe xaottl g flmo& xl}%

& O{xtlmxg lmug}g ho Ml~}amuf }lxasu} ~ltl l}~ot}aýe9 & O{xtlmxg lmug}g ho Ljjauf }lxasu} ~gt l}~ot}aýe9 & Xtamkgbtlfl }~ +fohalexo l}~ot}aýe!9 & Dlmajju} xkutaebaoe}a} +kgebg ~ltl l}~ot}aýe!%

á^GML HO }aOFdtL q HOe}aHLH

Oj mgextgj ho oecotfohlho} +kgebg}!* oe xlexg* ~uoho toljaplt}o mge0

Jl á~gml ho }aofdtl q jl hoe}ahlh ho ~jlexlmaýe g }aofdtl sltæle ho uel o}~omao l gxtl% Ho lmuothg l jl} oextosa}xl} toljaplhl} l ~tghumxgto}* tomgjomxgto} q xámeamg} o}~omal& japlhg} oe ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}* jl á~gml ho }aofdtl oe oj ^ltlbulq sl ho oeotg l egsaofdto% MuaHLHG} MujXutLjO} MGeXtGj HO FLjOpL}

ûoho ocomxult}o mge af~jofoexg} fleuljo}* hg} g xto} somo} ~gt mamjg* ho~oehaoehg hoj btlhg ho oefljoplfaoexg ho jl ~ltmojl% ûohoe lhg~xlt}o fohahl} ~tìmxaml} ho mujxasg q fleo`g* ho hoe}ahlho} ho mujxasg* u}g ho kajotl} hgdjo} ~ltl ~otfaxat oj ~l}g ho fgxgmujxaslhgtl}* tofgmaýe q l~gt& |uo +~geot xaottl lj ~ao ho jl} ~jlexl}!* mgdotxutl ho }uojg +fujmkaeb!* lue|uo jl} fa}fl} hodotìe }ot osljulhl} ~gt mlhl ~tghumxgt oe dl}o l flxotaljo} ha}~geadjo} oe jl pgel* fl|uaeltal} g mg}xg ho fleg ho gdtl* du}mlehg oj fghg ho tohumat mg}xg} ho ~tghummaýe q lufoexlt jl toexldajahlh% <8 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

& Tamaeg} muffuea} +oe aecu}aýe ~gt l}~ot}aýe! & Eamgxalel xldlmuf +o{xtlmxg lmug}g ~ltl l}~ot}aýe! MG}OMkL

^ltl jl mg}omkl* mgesaoeo xoeot ~to}oexo} jl} }abuaoexo} tomgfoehlmageo}0 ․ ]ojommagelt flxotalj }leg* }gjg jl ~ltxo |uo aexoto}l* l jl kgtl lhomulhl% ․ Jjoslt jg} uxoe}ajag}* }lmg} g mlel}xg} jaf~ag}% ․ Eg }o hodo mg}omklt cgjjlò}* gto} u gxtl} ~ltxo} ho jl ~jle& xl |uo o}xáe hlülhl}* }umal}* hocgtflhl}* ~ltl}axlhl}* oxm% ․ ]o hodo osaxlt jl flea~ujlmaýe o{mo}asl% ․ Jl tomgjommaýe ho kg`l} q gto} }o hodo klmot oe jl flül& el ho ue hæl mljutg}g* ho}~uá} hoj tgmæg% ․ Jl tomgjommaýe ho ctuxg} g }ofajjl} }o hodo toljaplt lexo} ho |uo ho}btleoe% ․ Xoeot ~to~ltlhg oj jublt ho }omlhg q ~g}xotagt ljflmoelò% ․ _el sop mg}omklhg oj ~tghumxg* oj fa}fg hodo }ot jjoslhg tì~ahlfoexo l }omlt* oe cgtfl elxutlj g ltxamalj%

G H O JF G T L O] M ' O H OE S Q L _ B L T ^L


Lmxgo xll`lhg o ~lmol ho l of~ol kol~l o bllæ* ho~lxlfoxg ho }l ôhg%

}OMLHG

O} oj ~l}g fì} af~gtxlexo* q }atso ~ltl jgbtlt jl mljahlh hoj ~tghumxg* ql |uo ho o}xo ho~oehotìe jl} mgehamageo} ho mg& fotmaljaplmaýe q mge}otslmaýe% ]o mge}ahotl |uo jg ý~xafg o} jjoslt oj flxotalj cto}mg l ue <>/ ho kufohlh%

hacotoexo} o}~omao}* lue|uo oe boeotlj sle ho}ho jg} 4<° l jg} 42°M% Xa^G} HO }OMLHG

Jl} o{aboemal} ho ~to~ltlmaýe hoj }omlhg }ge fuq ljxl} q* }a jl} fa}fl} eg }o muf~joe g }o toljaple oe oj fgfoexg lhomulhg* }o mgtto oj ~ojabtg ho ~othot btle mlexahlh ho ~taema~ag} lmxasg}% Jl tl~ahop hoj }omlhg* jl} xof~otlxutl} q jl matmujlmaýe ho lato }ge clmxgto} |uo hoxotfaele ue duoe }omlhg%

Lj elxutlj0 mge xof~otlxutl q lato lfdaoexlj% ]o ~uoho ocom& xult }aof~to q mulehg oj jublt muf~jl maotxg} to|ua}axg}* mgfg0 uel dl`l kufohlh tojlxasl ~ltl clsgtomot jl ojafael& maýe ho o}xl oe jl ~jlexl9 oj lato hodo }ot xadag g mljaoexo* jg |uo klmo fì} tì~ahg oj }omlhg9 hodo kldot }umaoexo matmu& jlmaýe ho lato9 ho ~tocotoemal* jl g~otlmaýe hodo klmot}o l jl }gfdtl* oe dleho`l} ~jì}xaml}* o{xoehahl} oe ml~l} ho < mf%

Oj gdòxasg o} ~tg~gtmagelt ue ~tghumxg mge ue ~gtmoexlò fæeafg ho kufohlh oe }u} xoàhg}* |uo mge}otso mgjgt q ltgfl% Jl} xof~otlxutl} ý~xafl} ho }omlhg sltæle oe jl}

Ltxamalj0 hodo klmot}o oe }omlhgto} |uo ~tg~gtmagele lato matmujlexo cgtplhg* mge xof~otlxutl mgextgjlhl% Jl} xof~otl& xutl} hodoe }ot muahlhg}lfoexo o}xuhalhl} ~ltlmlhl o}~omao% ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


Mxg ho gfog ho l of~ol kol~l o bllæ* ho~lxlfoxg ho }l ôhg%

<3 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


MGEXO[XG HOJ EOBGMAG

X

tlhamageljfoexo* jg} ~tgsoohgto} ho kaotdl} kle }ahg jg} tomgjomxgto} jgmljo}* |uaoeo} flexusaotge jl aflboe ho uel ~tghummaýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} mge mljahlh* oe mulexg lj mgexoeahg ho ~taema~ag} lmxasg} q o}oemal}% O}l aflboe* }ae ofdltbg* kl ahg l}gmalhl mge oj o}ml}g tabgt oe jl ~to}oexlmaýe q jaf~aopl hoj ~tghum& xg* ~gt jg |uo jg} ~tomag} eg kle }ahg ljxg}% ^gt ojjg* jg} ~o& |uoüg} eobgmag} ~ot}geljo} q clfajalto} kle xoeahg }aof~to ue easoj fì} ltxo}lelj |uo aehu}xtalj* uel hafoe}aýe tohu& mahl q mltxotl ho mjaoexo} |uo kle }ldahg mgeomxlt mge oj to& mgjomxgt* klmaoehg ~ohahg} l btleoj* ~uo}xg |uo* }gdto xghg oe oj ml}g ho jg} soehohgto} q ~tgmo}lhgto} ha}xtaduahgto}* oj ~tomag jo} kl mgf~oe}lhg* lue|uo ho}~uá}* oe }u} ~tg~ag} jgmljo} klqle xoeahg |uo jaf~alt* mjl}amlt q fopmjlt ~ltxahl} ho sltag} gtæboeo}% Lj eg kldot ~tìmxamlfoexo mujxasg q xlf~gmg ml~axlj }u& maoexo ~ltl xomeamlt jl tomgjommaýe q ~tgmo}lhg* oj }omxgt kl ahg flexoeaáehg}o l hutl} ~oel}* mlhl sop mge foeg} ‚oexoehahg}‖ oe oj mlf~g% O}xl }axulmaýe }o ~tghumo mgfg mge}omuoemal ho jl fabtlmaýe ho jl fleg ho gdtl `gsoe* ha}~uo}xl l toljaplt uel xltol hutl* fleulj* }uòxl l aemjo& foemal} hoj xaof~g% ]ae ofdltbg* xghg oj fohag cæ}amg hoj ~læ} o} fuq l~xg ~ltl jl soboxlmaýe fohamaelj q ltgfìxaml* q }a l o}xo clmxgt }o jo }ufl oj komkg hoj oegtfo ~gxoemalj ho daghasot}amlmaýe* o} af~g}adjo ho`lt ho gd}otslt |uo }a oj tudtg }o jg mgesaotxo oe ~tghummaýe lbtæmgjl tlmageljaplhl* xoehtæl ue ljxg btlhg ho mgf~oxaxasahlh% _e hoxljjo aexoto}lexo o} |uo* l ~o}lt ho jl ~tomltal }axul& maýe lmxulj* }o }abuo flexoeaoehg uel gcotxl }abeamlxasl ~ltl oj fotmlhg jgmlj%

Jl tomgjommaýe ho ~jlexl} }ajso}xto} xaoeo }u cuxutg aexobtl& hg l jl l~ltamaýe ho o{~jgxlmageo} lbtæmgjl} q cgto}xljo}* l}æ mgfg aehu}xtal} xtle}cgtflhgtl} oe oj fohag tutlj% Oexto jl} ~taema~ljo} of~to}l} ~tgmo}lhgtl} ae}xljlhl} xoeofg} l Kaotdl~lt* Kotdgta}xotæl ]lexl Fltbltaxl* Lbtg~gxq q jl} qotdlxotl}* oexto gxtl}* |uo o}xìe xtldl`lehg ~ltl ~tgsoot lj fotmlhg jgmlj% Xlfdaáe klq gxtl} of~to}l} |uo gtaoexle fì} }u} o}cuotpg} lj fotmlhg aexotelmagelj* oexto jl} |uo }o ~uoho maxlt l Ljalbl* Fafda~l* Mgg~otlxasl ]le ôhtg q Mgg~otlxasl ]le Lehtá}* oexto gxtl}* ~tgfgsahl} o}~omalj& foexo ~gt ae}xaxumageo} ~taslhl} q ljbuel} gtbleaplmageo} eg budotelfoexljo} +GEB}!% Jl gcotxl ho ~jlexl} }ajso}xto}* l somo}* o} ae}u}xaxuadjo* mgfg ~gt oòf~jg oe oj ml}g ho o}~omao} ltdu}xasl} q ltdýtol} g oe l|uojjl} mge btle hamujxlh ho mujxasg% ^gt gxtl ~ltxo* }u aemgt~gtlmaýe l ue eobgmag ho btleojo} g ho ho}xajlmaýe ~otfaxo mgfdaelt mljahlho} q blfl} q hasot}a& mlt jl gcotxl elj% ^ltl hoeat jæeol} ho lmmaýe o} ~toma}g o}xldjomot jl} ka& ~ýxo}a} fì} ~tgdldjo} }gdto jl osgjumaýe ho uel }otao ho mltlmxotæ}xaml} hoj }omxgt q hoj fltmg oe oj |uo }o ae}mtado* jl} muljo} }ge jl hoflehl +fotmlhg}!* jl gcotxl +lboexo} ~tghumxasg}! q jl} ~gjæxaml} ~ðdjaml}% MLHOeL} HO MGFOtMaLjapLMae

Oe jl mlhoel mgfotmalj ho jl} kaotdl} ~ltxama~le hacotoexo} lmxgto}0 A& Jg} tomgjomxgto} q'g qotdotg} q ~tghumxgto} mgfotmaljo}% AA& Aexotfohaltag} q'g lmg~alhgto} ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] <2


MGEXO[XG HOJ EOBGMAG

AAA& Of~to}l} ~tgmo}lhgtl} & ctlmmagelhgtl}* jldgtlxgtag}* o{~gtxlhgtl}%

btCaMG <0 MLHOeL HO MGFOtMaLjapLMae HOj FOtMLHG aeCGtFLj

AS& Ha}xtaduahgtl}* btleho} mgf~tlhgto} S& Faegta}xl} Ho lmuothg l jl} gd}otslmageo} ~ot}geljo} oe moextg} ho soexl} q mge}ufg* jl mlhoel mgfotmalj ~uoho hasahat}o oe hg} }omxgto}* aecgtflj q cgtflj% Oe oj fotmlhg aecgtflj jl mlhoel ho mgfotmaljaplmaýe mge}& xl ho = easojo}

& Soehohgto} < Lfdujlexo} & Cotal} Mljjoòtl} & Qotdotl}

Hofl eh l

& Aexotfohaltag} & Lmg~alhgto}

4

Ho fl eh l

Aecgtflj & Tomgjomxgto}

=

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al

․ Oe oj easoj < }o oemuoextle jg} faegta}xl} |uo }o oemltble ho mgfotmaljaplt jl ~tghummaýe l jg} mge}ufahgto} eljo} oe jg} fotmlhg} jgmljo}* l}æ mgfg jl} cotal}* jg} soehohgto} lfdujlexo} q jg} kaotdotg}% ․ Oe oj easoj 4 o}xìe jg} aexotfohaltag} q'g lmg~alhgto}* |uo oe fumkg} ml}g} }ge tomgjomxgto}'~tghumxgto} ho jl pgel* |uaoeo} }o oemltble ho ~tgsoot l jg} faegta}xl} q* l somo}* oe cgtfl hatomxl* kaotdlxotl}% ․ Oe oj easoj = }o oemuoextle jg} tomgjomxgto}% Oe ljbuel} gml}ageo} +boeotljfoexo oe cotal} lfdujlexo}! }ge jg} ~tg~ag} tomgjomxgto} |uaoeo} soehoe }u} ~tghumxg}% Oe o}xg} ml}g}* jgbtle gdxoeot fo`gto} ~tomag} ho soexl q* oe gxtg}* ~tgsooe hatomxlfoexo l jg} faegta}xl}% O}xo fotmlhg* ~gt }u} mltlmxotæ}xaml}* mltomo ho xghg xa~g ho toba}xtg oe mulexg l sgjðfoeo}* faoextl} |uo jg} ~to& mag} }ge tojlxaslfoexo kgfgbáeog} hoextg ho mlhl moextg ho fotmlhog% Oe ml}a xghg} jg} ml}g} }o mgfotmaljaple jl} kaotdl} cto}ml}% Oe oj fotmlhg cgtflj* jl mlhoel ho mgfotmaljaplmaýe mge}xl ho ? easojo} Oe o}xl mlhoel xlfdaáe ~ltxama~le* egtfljfoexo* ljbueg} ho jg} lmxgto} hoj fotmlhg aecgtflj% ․ Oe oj easoj < o}xìe jg} faegta}xl} hoj fotmlhg jgmlj* |uo }o <; ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

oemltble ho mgfotmaljaplt jl ~tghummaýe l jg} mge}ufahgto} eljo} l xtlsá} ho jl} ho}~oe}l}* luxg}otsamag} q soehohgto} lfdujlexo}% ․ Oe oj easoj 4 }o oemuoextle jg} flqgta}xl}* |uo }ge jl} t& fl} ha}xtaduahgtl}* jl} mlhoel} ho }u~otfotmlhg} q mlhoel} ho cltflmal}% Jl} ha}xtaduahgtl} ~tgsooe l jg} faegta}xl}% ․ Oe oj easoj = o}xìe jl} qotdlxotl}* ~tgmo}lhgtl} & ctlmmag& elhgtl}* jldgtlxgtag}* oesl}lhgtl} ho xá q kotdgta}xotæl}* |uo toljaple jg} xtldl`g} ho jaf~aopl* pltlehog q }ojommaýe* ~ltl juobg uxajaplt jl} kaotdl} ~ltl fopmjlt* ctlmmagelt q of~l|uoxlt q ~tgsoot l jl} ha}xtaduahgtl}* }u~otfotmlhg}* cltflmal} q moextg} elxuta}xl}% Q xlfdaáe ~ltl jl o{~gtxl& maýe0 ~tgmo}lhgtl} ” o{~gtxlhgtl}* jl} |uo ~gt jg boeotlj }o oemltble ho }ojommagelt* pltleholt* jaf~alt q of~l|uoxlt jl} kaotdl} ho}kahtlxlhl* ~ltl oesalt l jg} mgf~tlhgto} aexotel& mageljo}% ․ Oe oj easoj 8 ho jl mlhoel mgfotmalj }o oemuoextle jl} mgg~otlxasl}* l}gmalmageo}* mgfaxá} ho ~tghumxgto} q jg} lmg~alhgto} ho jg} ~tghumxg} l easoj ho eml% Xlfdaáe |uaoeo} }o hohamle lj xtle}~gtxo q soexl l jl} ~tgmo}lhgtl} ” ctlmmagelhgtl} q o{~gtxlhgtl}% ․ Oe oj easoj ? o}xìe jg} ~o|uoüg} ~tghumxgto}* |uo }o ho& hamle l jl ~tghummaýe ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo}*


MGEXO[XG HOJ EOBGMAG btCaMG 40 MLHOeL HO MGFOtMaLjapLMae FOtMLHG CGtFLj Fomlhg jgml

<

& Mgf~tlhgto} & Faegta}xl}0 Ho}~oe}l} Luxg}ot& samag} Soehohgto} Lfdujlexo}

Fomlhg jgml

4

& Flqgta}xl} & Ha}xtaduahgto} & Mlhoel} ho ]u~otfotmlhg} & Mlhoel} ho Cltflmal}

=

+Qotdlxotg}

& Mgfx 8 & Lmg~lhgo & Mgg~olxl & Lgmlmgo

acgfl0

Tomgjomxgto}

?

Cgfl0

^tghumxgt Mgfotmalj

^tgmo}lhgtl} Ctlmmagelhgtl} Jldgtlxgtag} Oesl}lhgtl} oxm%! O~gxlmý

O~gxlmý

Hoflehl

Fomlhg jgml

O}~lül Ljofleal Ltboexael oxm

Ljalbl ]%L% Mgg~% Jl Egtxoül Lj|uafal ]xosal~lt oxm%!

Hoflehl

Hoflehl Cgtflj

Hoflehl

Hoflehl

Aecgtflj

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al

G OH F J G T ]L O M ' O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^

Lmxg mgomlhg ll`l ~ll oho l mìmll oml l l of~ol Lll%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] <1



^lmol ho ~ghmmý ho ol o o ho~lxlfoxg ho }l ôhg%

oe fumkg} ml}g} oe cgtfl aehasahulj% Ðjxaflfoexo o}xìe ~ltxama~lehg fumkl} GEB}* |uo xtldl`le oe jl cgtflmaýe ho btu~g} q jl ~tghummaýe mgfotmalj ho jl} kaotdl}% Oe o}xo easoj toljaple jg} xtldl`g} ho }omlhg q ofdgj}lhg ~ltl jl soexl% ^ltxo ho jl} kaotdl} }ge ~tgsa}xl} ~gt lmxgto} hoj }omxgt aecgtflj* |uo }ge tomgjomxgto}% LMMaGeO} ^djaML} q ^tasLHL}

L mgexaeulmaýe }o oeufotle ljbuel} ae}xaxumageo} |uo o}xìe ho}lttgjjlehg lmmageo} ~ltl oj doeomag hoj tudtg% Faea}XOtaG HO LbtaMujXutL q bLeLHOtL +FLb!

Hatommaýe Boeotlj ho ^jleamlmaýe +HB^!0 o}xl to~ltxa& maýe xámeaml xaoeo l }u mltbg jl} cuemageo} ho ~jleamlmaýe* }obuafaoexg* mggthaelmaýe q osljulmaýe ho jl} ~gjæxaml}* ~jleo}* ~tgbtlfl} q ~tgqomxg} hoj ìfdaxg lbtltag% Oe xlj }oexahg* oe oj 4>>=* cgtfujý oj ^tgbtlfl ho Cgtxljomafaoe& xg ho jl Aeso}xablmaýe* Hacu}aýe q Ho}lttgjjg ho Fotmlhg} ho jl ]xosal ~ltl oj ^ltlbulq* |uo lmxuljfoexo }o oemuoextl oe oòmumaýe% Ae}xaxuxg Lbtgeýfamg Elmagelj +ALE!0 to~ltxamaýe xámeaml hoj FLB oemltblhl ho oòmuxlt jl aeso}xablmaýe lbtæmgjl hoj ^ltlbulq% Hamkl ae}xaxumaýe saoeo oòmuxlehg oj ^tgbtlfl ho Fo`gtlfaoexg Boeáxamg ho Il‑l Ko‑à +]xosal todluhal& el Dotxgea! ho}ho <11;% Hutlexo jl} xof~gtlhl} lbtæmgjl} <11; ' <111 }o o}xldjomaotge ~ltmojl} ho }ojommaýe aehasa& hulj mge oj gdòxg ho }ojommagelt jæeol} mjgeljo} mge ljxg ~g& xoemalj ~tghumxasg ho kg`l} }oml} l easoj ho mlf~g* duoel} mltlmxotæ}xaml} lbtgeýfaml}* xgjotlemal} q'g to}a}xoemal} l oecotfohlho} q ljxg mgexoeahg ho }xosaý}ahg} q todluhaý}a& hg} ‚L‖% Mgfg to}ujxlhg ho o}xo xtldl`g ho aeso}xablmaýe*

4> ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

oj ALE jlepý oe oj 4>>8 uel euosl sltaohlh ho Il‑l Ko‑à* muql hoegfaelmaýe o} ‚IK'ALE & SM <84 OATOXO‖% Jl euosl sltaohlh o} ue jgbtg ho maoexæmg} hoj FLB q hoj Ae}xaxuxg Elmagelj ho Xomegjgbæl q Egtfljaplmaýe hoj ^ltlbulq +AEXE!% Jl} mltlmxotæ}xaml} ~taema~ljo} ho jl euosl sltaohlh o} jl kg& fgboeoahlh oe mulexg lj mtomafaoexg* |uo o} ueacgtfo oe mujxasg} l mlf~g* jjoblehg xghl} jl} ~jlexl} ~tìmxamlfoexo mge jl fa}fl ohlh lj fgfoexg ho jl mg}omkl* ~tg~amalehg mljahlh hoj ~tghumxg mg}omklhg% Oj xoegt ho }xosaý}ahg q todluhaý}ahg xgxljo} o} ho 44/* }aoehg ; somo} fì} ~tg& humxasg |uo jl sltaohlh mtagjjl% Jg to}ljxlexo o} |uo oj ?1/ ho }xosaý}ahg xgxlj mgtto}~geho lj todluhaý}ahg ‚L‖* jg |uo mgeoto lj flxotalj ue }ldgt hujmo q ~gmg lfltbg% Gxtl ml& tlmxotæ}xaml ho jl euosl sltaohlh o} }u toehafaoexg }u~otagt lj mtagjjg* jgbtlehg lmxuljfoexo oe ~tgfohag 8%>>> ib'kl* o{lmxlfoexo oj hgdjo hoj taeho ho jl sltaohlh mtagjjl +FLB* 4>>=!% ]otsamag Elmagelj ho Mljahlh q ]leahlh Soboxlj q ho ]ofajjl} +]OELSO!0 xaoeo mgfg to}~ge}ldajahlh l}obutlt

jl ha}~geadajahlh dagjýbaml ho }ofajjl} ho mljahlh }u~otagt* o}xafujlt }u ~tghummaýe q mgfotmaljaplmaýe* gtaoexlt q ~to}& xlt l}a}xoemal xámeaml l jg} }ofajjota}xl} q }mljaplt jl ~tghum& maýe ho }ofajjl} oe }u} hacotoexo} mlxobgtæl}% Jl ]OELSO kl tohlmxlhg jl} Egtfl} Boeotljo} q O}~omæml} ~ltl jl ^tghummaýe q Mgfotmaljaplmaýe ho Fuhl} ho Il‑l Ko‑à% Hatommaýe ho Moe}g} q O}xlhæ}xaml} Lbtg~omultag} +HMOL!0 o}xì oemltblhl ho ojldgtlt q flexoeot lmxuljapl&

hl} jl} o}xlhæ}xaml} hoj ìfdaxg lbtltag% Oe xlj }oexahg* oe oj 4>>8 }o ojldgtý oj ^tafot Moe}g Elmagelj ho ^tghumxgto} ho Il‑l Ko‑à%


~tgqomxg }ge jg} }abuaoexo}0 ․ =? oemuo}xl} toljaplhl} lsoehohgtl} ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}% O} oj Gtblea}fg Elmagelj ho Egtfljaplmaýe q xaoeo ~gt ․ Fì} ho 3>> o}~omæfoeo} mgjomxlhg} +fuo}xtl} dgxìeaml}!% gdòxg ~tgfgsot q lhg~xlt jl} lmmageo} ~ltl jl ltfgea& ․ _el} 8>> o}~omao} ho ~jlexl} mge ljbðe u}g fohamaelj% plmaýe q jl ojldgtlmaýe ho jl} egtfl} ~ltlbulql}% O}xl ․ 18 clfajal} ho jl} o}~omao} elxasl} hoj ^ltlbulq xaoeoe ae}xaxumaýe kl ojldgtlhg jl ‚Egtfl ^ltlbulql E^ < ><4 ljbðe u}g fohamaelj% >= Kg`l} ]oml} hoj Il‑l Ko‑à ~ltl Flxotal ^tafl Aehu}xtalj% ․ L~tg{aflhlfoexo / }ge ~jlexl} outg~ol}% ae}mta~maýe hoj Il‑l Ko‑à oe oj Mgho{ Ljafoexltau}% ․ _e <>/ hoj xgxlj ho o}~omao} ahoexamlhl} ~to}oexle ~tg& djofl} ho xg{amahlh% ae}XaXuXG eLMaGeLj HO XOMeGjGbL q eGtFLjapLMae +aeXe!

MOeXtG HO MGe}OtsLMae q OHuMLMae LFdaOeXLj +MMOLF!

O} ue moextg ho aeso}xablmaýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} ho~oe& haoexo ho jl Fueama~ljahlh ho L}uemaýe% Oj Moextg ha}~geo ho ue sasotg mge fì} ho 8>> o}~omao} ho ~jlexl} fohamael& jo} +elxasl} q o{ýxaml}!% Oj sasotg xaoeo jl eljahlh ho aeso}& xablt* klmot mgegmot q mge}otslt jl} hacotoexo} o}~omao} ho jl} ~jlexl} |uo }o uxajaple oe jl fohamael ~g~ujlt ~ltlbulql% Oj MMOLF }o oemuoextl oòmuxlehg oj ^tgqomxg Oxegdg& xìeaml ^ltlbulql +O^Q!* |uo du}ml sljgtaplt q cgtfljaplt oj mgegmafaoexg ~g~ujlt }gdto jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}* xoeaoehg oe muoexl }u af~gtxlemal }gmalj* omgeýfaml q mujxutlj* l}æ mgfg jg} clmxgto} ho tao}bg |uo ~to}oexle o}xg} tomut}g} elxutljo}% Oj ~tgqomxg }o aeamaý l eljo} ho <113* muql ~tgbtlflmaýe }o ha}xtaduqý oe = cl}o}0 Clo <0 xtldl`g} ho aeso}xablmaýe% Clo 40 oxl~l ho hasujblmaýe q toxtadumaýe ho mgegmafaoe&

xg} l jl ~gdjlmaýe% Clo =0 ml~lmaxlmaýe oe mujxasg} ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}% Jg} ~taema~ljo} to}ujxlhg} gdxoeahg} mge jl oòmumaýe hoj

tOH tutLj HO GtbLeapLMaGeO} ^tasLHL} HO HO}LttGjjG

O} uel oexahlh }ae eo} ho jumtg |uo lbjuxael l <2 GEB}* |uo xtldl`l oe ^ltlbulq oe oj mlf~g ho jl aeso}xablmaýe q ~tgfgmaýe hoj ho}lttgjjg tutlj% O}xl gtbleaplmaýe oòmuxý ue ^tgqomxg ho ^tghummaýe q Mgfotmaljaplmaýe ho ^jlexl} Fohamaeljo}* ho}xaelhg l ~tghumxgto} ho jg} ho~ltxlfoexg} ho Mllbulpð* ]le ôhtg q Fa}ageo}* o}~omaljfoexo btu~g} ho `ýsoeo} q fuòto} tutljo}% Jg} to}ujxlhg} ljmleplhg} kle }ahg o{mojoexo}* l xlj ~uexg |uo jl} gtbleaplmageo} mlf~o}a& el} o}xìe mujxaslehg q mgfotmaljaplehg ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe jg} fotmlhg} ho L}uemaýe q l jg} o{~gtxl& hgto} hoj tudtg%

ueasOt}aHLHO} q MOeXtG} LMLHáFaMG}

Sltal} clmujxlho} ho jl} hacotoexo} ueasot}ahlho} q moextg} lmlháfamg} hoj ^ltlbulq ~g}ooe xo}a} ho ljufeg} q kot& dltag} }gdto ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}% L}æ mgfg xlfdaáe oe xtldl`g} ho aeso}xablmaýe ho o}~omao} l easoj ho eml} ho ~tghumxgto} oe jg} ho~ltxlfoexg} ho Axl~ðl* ]le ôhtg* Mleaehoqð q Moextlj%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 4<



Lmxgo mgomlhg gl fg|oxl o l ~lmol ho kol~l o bllæ* ho~lxlfoxg ho }l ôhg%



TOMGJOMMAÝE Q ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL] LTGFÌXAML] FOHAMAELJO] OE OJ ^LTLB_LQ Q pGeL} HO tOMGjOMMae q ^tGHuMMae

tOL }OFdtLHL* ^tGHuMMae q tOeHaFaOeXG}

Jl o{xtlmmaýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^l& tlbulq }o ~tghumo oe jl} ìtol} ho faeacuehag} q hgeho o}xìe l}oexlhg} jg} ~o|uoüg} ~tghumxgto} lbtæmgjl} q mlf~o}aeg} }ae xaottl%

Oe mulexg l jl ~tghummaýe l easoj mgfotmalj* jl} o}~omao} muoexle mge ljbueg} toba}xtg} o}xlhæ}xamg} ho mujxasg}* mgfg }o ~uoho gd}otslt oe oj mulhtg E° 8* hgeho }o ~uoho gd& }otslt |uo jl} hg} ðeaml} o}~omao} mge hlxg} mgexaeug} }ge jl ]xosal q jl foexl% Juobg* oe oj moe}g hoj 4>>;* l~ltomo oj eltle`g lbtag q gxtl} kaotdl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} |uo eg o}xìe ha}mtafaelhl}%

Jg} ho~ltxlfoexg} xæ~amg} ho faeacuehag} hoj ^ltlbulq* mgfg Moextlj* Mgthajjotl q ^ltlbultæ* mge}xaxuqoe jg} ~tae& ma~ljo} jublto} ho hgeho }o o{xtloe jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} ~ltl }u mgfotmaljaplmaýe oe oj fotmlhg hoj Btle L}uemaýe% O}xl o{xtlmmaýe }ae to~g}amaýe* l}æ mgfg oj lslemo hoj ~tgmo}g ho utdleaplmaýe* klmoe |uo fumkl} o}~omao} }o oemuoextoe oe ~ojabtg ho o{xaemaýe% O{a}xo o{~otaoemal ho mujxasg oe cgtfl mgfotmalj oe oj ho~ltxlfoexg ho Mllbulpð* oe jg} ha}xtaxg} ho ]le @gl|uæe* To~lxtalmaýe q Qkð* hgeho btu~g} gtbleaplhg} ho fuòto} mlf~o}ael} ho}lttgjjltge ~tgqomxg} o{axg}g} ho mujxasg} ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}* l}a}xahg} ~gt jl GEB Dl}o Omxl* |uo o} uel ae}xaxumaýe |uo ~to}xl l}a}xoemal xámeaml ~taslhl l jg} ~o|uoüg} ~tghumxgto}%

]obðe hlxg} hoj Moe}g hoj 4>>;* }o ~uoho gd}otslt |uo jl flqgt }u~otmao ae}xljlhl mgtto}~geho lj eltle`g lbtag* mge 2%38; Kl% Oe }obuehg jublt o}xì jl }xosal* mge ;<= Kl q* oe xotmotg* jl foexl mge ?11 Kl% Hoj xgxlj ho mujxasg} ho eltle`g lbtag* btle ~ltxo ho jl ~tghummaýe ho kg`l} sl ho}xaelhl ~ltl jl o{xtlmmaýe ho lmoaxo} o}oemaljo}% Jg} ~taema~ljo} ho~ltxlfoexg} oe mulexg l }u~otmao mujxa& slhl ho jl} ~jlexl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo} }o ho}mtado oe oj mulhtg E° ?* hgeho }o gd}otsl |uo ]le ôhtg mgemoextl jl flqgt }u~otmao mujxaslhl mge 3%<23 Kl* }obuahg ~gt Axl~ðl +282 Kl!* Mleaehoqð +243 Kl!* Mllbulpð +??< Kl! q Ljxg ^ltleì +?=> Kl!* oexto jg} fì} af~gtxlexo}%

Oe oj }abuaoexo fl~l }o ~uoho l~tomalt jl} pgel} ho ~tghum& maýe q jl} ~taema~ljo} o}~omao} mujxaslhl}% Xlfdaáe* oe jg} ho~ltxlfoexg} ho Moextlj* Bulatì* Mgtha& jjotl q ^ltlbultæ o{a}xoe sasota}xl} q ~tghumxgto} ho gto} ho mgtxo q ~jlexl} gtelfoexljo}* |uo mujxasle ~jlexl} fohama& eljo} q ltgfìxaml} ~ltl }u mge}ufg ~tg~ag q mgfotmalja& plmaýe oe ~o|uoül} o}mljl} l easoj ho eml}% Oe ]le ôhtg* Mleaehoqð* Axl~ðl q Ljxg ^ltleì }o mgemoextle jg} flqgto} ~tghumxgto} mgfotmaljo}%

tOeHaFaOeXG} O}XaFLHG} HO jL} ^taeMa^LjO} kaOtdL} LtGFXaML} q FOHaMaeLjO}

Oj toehafaoexg ho ue mujxasg o}xì hatomxlfoexo tojlmagelhg lj eðfotg ho mg}omkl g mgtxo |uo }o toljapl oe ue lüg lbtæmgjl% Oe oj ml}g ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} hoj ^ltl& bulq* jl hutlmaýe hoj mujxasg* ojeðfotg ho mgtxo q oj toeha& faoexg sltæle ho uel o}~omao l gxtl% Oj toehafaoexg sltæl oe ue tlebg ho ;>> l 2%>>> ib ho kg`l} }oml} ~gt Kl'lüg%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 4=


TOMGJOMMAÝE Q ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL] LTGFÌXAML] OE ^LTLB_LQ

MuLHtG =0 O{XtLMMae HO ^jLeXL} FOHaMaeLjO} ^Gt HO^LtXLFOeXG & LüG 4>>8 O~omo

Ho~lxlfoxg

Mgfomllhg o comg

Mgfomllhg o omg

^lxl o æl ho oxmý

Mo~lmldljjg & [lexkauf }~ael}uf ]lexl Jumæl & Mgefojael euhagtl Igiù & Ljjg~kqju} ohuja} Il‑l~aiq & ^ljoxltal hodaja} Il‑ltà & Mkoeg~ghauf lfdtg}agaho} Il~a‑a ilxå & Iqjaebal ghgtlxl Il‑ltutu~o & Dlotkujal ~oeamujlxl Gtxabl & _txabl _toe} Pltpl~lttajjl & Fuokjoedomial }lbaxxacgjal Sotdoel & Sotdoel gcmaelja} ^ltl ^ltl‑a & ^kqjjlexu} jlxkq}gaho} Xltg~á & Cjlsotal mgextlkaotdl ôt}% Fdgilql tl‑q & Lmtgmgfal xgxla

Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ

{ { { { { { { { { { { { {

& & & & & & & & & & & & &

& & & & & & & & { & & & &

Lbtalj & Dobgeal mumujjlxl Dlxlxajjl & ^clccl xudotg}l Mlül Dtlsl & ]lmmkltuf gcmaelja} Jjlexáe & ^jlexlbg }~~ Ülehq~l & Boea~l lfotamlel Ülebl~atq & Ouboeal ueagtl Oumlja~xg & Oumlja~xu} }~~ Ilxulsl & ]ahauf }~~ Mlebgtg}l & Flqxoeu} l|uacgjjauf Bulqliìe & Bulamlf gcmaeljo O}~ltxajjg & Ojagfgtu} jlxagtu} Mgjl ho Mldljjg & O|ua}oxuf bablexouf Hgtlhajjl & Bqfeg}~xota} tuccl Mljlbuljl & ^gja~g~ghauf mljlbuljl Qlbultoxo il‑l & Dlmmklta} xtafotl Q}q~ý faj gfdto} & Lmkajjol fajjocgjauf Qlxo‑å il‑l Il‑ldgxgtq & Ka~otamuf mgfelxuf

Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Moextlj Mgthajjotl ^ltlbultæ Mleaehoqð Lflfdlq Moextlj Lflfdlq Mlmg Mlmg Moextlj Mlmg Mleaehoqð Lflfdlq Lflfdlq Mleaehoqð Moextlj Mtghajjotl Fa}ageo} Fa}ageo} Lflfdlq Moextlj Mgthajjotl Moextlj Mgthajjotl Axl~ðl

{ { { { { { { & & & & & & & & & & &

& & & & { & & { { { { { { { { { { {

& & & & & { & { { & & { & & { & { {

Cuoexo0 O}xuhag} ~g}adajahlho} ho}lttgjjg q hacu}aýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^ltlbulq HA]O ' FLB & Lüg 4>>8%



Ljxg ^ltlbulq

btCaMG =0 pGeL} HO ^tGHuMMae q ^taeMa^LjO}

Ljgo Sotl

Dg|uotýe

O}ÔMaO} MujXasLHL}

Il‑l Ko‑à Mgemo~maýe

Foexl Mohtýe ^ltlbulq Il‑l Ko‑à Duttaxg ]ljsal

Il‑l Ko‑à Tgfotg Gtábleg Flepleajjl ]ljsal Oeojhg

Foexl Mohtýe ^ltlbulq Tgfotg Oeojhg

Mleaehoqð

^to}ahoexo klqo} ]le ôhtg

Lflfdlq

Gtábleg

Mgthajjotl Mllbulpð Moextlj

Duttaxg Flepleajjl

Ljxg ^ltleì

Bulatì ^ltlbultæ

Foexl Üoofdumð

Fa}ageo}

Mllpl~ì

Mohtýe ^ltlbulq Il‑l Ko‑à

Foexl Il‑l Ko‑à Duttaxg ]ljsal

Axl~ðl

Cuoexo0 FLB ' Hatommaýe Boeotlj ho ^jleamlmaýe 'HA]O & Lüg 4>>8%

^tGHuMMae LbtGOMGjbaML q GtbeaML Oe ^LtLbuLq

Oe oj ~læ}* jl ~tghummaýe lbtgomgjýbaml o} ue }a}xofl ho ~tghummaýe |uo flqgt af~uj}g o}xì tomadaoehg oe jg} ðjxa& fg} lüg}* o}~omaljfoexo ho gtbleaplmageo} masajo} +GEB}! q ~tgqomxg} mge elemalfaoexg ho ae}xaxumageo} aexotelmag& eljo} mgfg _]LAH&^ltlbulq Soeho% Lhofì}* o} jl |uo fl& qgt lmo~xlmaýe kl xoeahg oe oj }omxgt tutlj* ~taema~ljfoexo oe oj ìfdaxg ho jg} ~o|uoüg} ~tghumxgto}* ~gt to~to}oexlt soexl`l} oe oj l}~omxg omgeýfamg lj tohumat jg} mg}xg} ho ~tghummaýe q* xlfdaáe* oe jl }ljuh* ~gt ho`lt ho jlhg oj u}g ho lbtg|uæfamg} |uo* flj flea~ujlhg}* ~uohoe ~otùhamlt l jl clfajal q lj fohag lfdaoexo% Oe oj }abuaoexo mulhtg }o ~uoho gd}otslt |uo* oe jl lmxulja& hlh* }o xaoeoe toba}xtlhg} oe oj ^ltlbulq ?28 ~tghumxgto} ho kaotdl}* mge uel }u~otmao xgxlj ho 3; Kl ho mujxasg} mge }a}xofl} lbtgomgjýbamg} q oe xtle}amaýe %

MuLHtG 80 }uÔtCaMaO MujXasLHL HO kaOtdL} O}~omao}

}uÔtCaMaO +kl! 4>>='>8 4>>8'>? 4>>?'>3 4>>3'>2 4>>2'>;

Il‑lko‑à 3>= ;?> <%>>> <%=>> Foexl 884 81> 8;> ‣ Eltle`g ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ Lbtag Sltag} ‣ ‣ ‣ ‣ +&! Eaebue Sljgt +‣! Eg }o ha}~geo ho hlxg}

;<= ?11 2%38; 41>

Cuoexo0 ]aexo}a} O}xlha}xaml} HMOL'FLB% Hlxg} hoj Moe}g <11>'1< q 4>>2'>

Oe mulexg l jl ~tghummaýe gtbìeaml motxamlhl* oe oj ^ltlbulq o}xl lmxasahlh omgeýfaml }o aeamal oexto jg} lüg} <1;;';1* mge ljbueg} ~gmg} ~tghumxg} lbtæmgjl} mgfg btg}ojjl* fleæ q }g`l%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 4?



MuLHtG ?0 }uÔtCaMaO MujXasLHL & LüG 4>>; HO^LtXLFOeXG

Il‑lko‑à

FOeXL

eLtLe@G LbtaG

MGEMO^MAÝE

?

<

4;

]LEÔHTG MGTHAJJOTL B_LATÌ MLLB_LPÐ MLLPL^Ì AXL^ÐL FA]AGEO] ^LTLB_LTÆ LJXG^LTLEÌ MOEXTLJ ÜOOFD_MÐ LFLFDLQ MLEAEHOQÐ ^TO]AHOEXO kLQO] LJXG ^LTLB_LQ DG\_OTÝE

?14 3 <4 <1 8 8= < 8 21 <

<= >

?%=32 =>?

>

8 <
Xgxl

<>

282 4>

== =

2

>

8 <<=

> 3;3 > >

> > >

< > > >

?11

?4 ?=>

8

<>?

;<4

=>

<

<

>

??<

>

4 8

2%3?<

3%<23

8;

<8 41=

>

=<=

4

421

>

=;

4>8

41

<;

<

> >

4

4?

>

=8

?<;

<

Xgxlkl

>

2 <4

;

sLtaG}

243 & & >

4;1

& 1%=?<

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al mge hlxg} hoj HMOL' FLB%

MuLHtG 20 ^tGHuMXG} LbtGOMGjbaMG} q Oe XtLe}aMae

MuLHtG ;0 ^tGHuMXG} GtbeaMG} Oe ^LtLbuLq

tg

tg

Btleg} kgtxljapl} ]á}lfg Flehagml Faojholdo`l Ctuxl} Mlülholpðmlt

^ghmxgo

}~omo 'kl

<8%88; ?%<3> 4%?=; 4%238 <%8<; =%=8= <%31<

3%41= ?%8;? 4%32< 4%4=? 4%4>4 2=3 ?28

Ljbghýe Qotdl flxooetlfl Xìtxlbg kaotdl}fohamaeljo} ]xosal ]g`l Ldgeg} sotho}

181 =41 <%<;; 432 =>2 1= ?3

823 <<2

Xgxl

=8%??<

4>%1?8

Cuoexo0 ^tgbtlfl Lbtgomgjgbæl ' Ljxot Sahl +Cod% 4>>;!%


?3 =? == =2 8

^ghmxgo

Mlülholpðmlt Qotdl flxo ^ljfaxg ]g`l ]á}lfg Ctuxl}qgtxljapl} Ljbghýe Fleæ Fohamaeljo}qltgfìxaml} Eltle`g lbtag ]xosal Mohtýe Xgxl Cuoexo0 Mgfaxá xámeamg FLB AAML Ljxot Sahl 4>>2%

8%>>> ?>

}~omo +l!

< 4> ;>> ?>> 3>> <%>>> ;>> <>> 3> 4>

=>%>>> ?%>>> =%?>> 4%>>> <%?>> <%>>> 3>> ?>> <>> 3> 4> <>

2%1?<

88%41>



MuLHtG 30 tOeHaFaOeXG} HO jL} ^taeMa^LjO} kaOtdL} LtGFXaML} q FOHaMaeLjO} O~omo

Foexl & Foexkl }~~% Mohtýe & Ja~~al maxtaghgtl Duttaxg & Ljgq}al ~gjq}xlmkql Il‑l konà & ]xosal todluhalel Dotxgea Ljdllml & Gmafue dl}ajamuf Gtábleg & Gtobleuf sujblto Tgfotg & Tg}fltaeu} gcmaelja} ]ljsal & ]ljsal gcmaelja} Xgfajjg & Xkqfu} sujblta} Ljumoel & Jlslehujl gcmaelja} Lòe`g & Ltxofa}al gd}oexkauf Ltlpý & Mltxlfu} gcmaelja} Tuhl & Tuxl mkljo~oe}a} Xajg & Xajg btlehacgjal Flepleajjl & Mklfgfajjl flxtamltal Dgttl`l & Dgtlbg gcmaelja} Mgfaeg & Mgfaeuf mqfaeuf Leæ} & âf~aeojjl lea}uf Dgjhg & ^gofu} dgjhu} Mohtýe Il~a‑A & Mqfdg~gbgf maxtlxu} Jlutoj ho O}~lül & Jlutu} egdaja} Oeojhg & Leoxkuf btsogjoe} kaeg`g & Cgoeamujuf sujblto

shl ðx

eðfog ho mgxo ~g lg

= ? ? ? < = 8 8 8 4 4 < 4 8 < < < < = 8 4> < <

3 = = = = 4 4 4 4 = = < = 4 <&4 < < < 4 =&8 4 & &

tohfoxg +i%'l'lg!

2%>>> 8%?>> 8%?>> =%>>> <%?>> <%;>> 4%>>> 4%?>> <%>>> <%>>> ;>> <%>>> ;>> 4%>>> 4%>>> ;>> <%4>> <%4>> ;>> 8%>>> <%>>> <%4>> <%4>>

Cuoexo0 HA]O ' FLB oe dl}o l oextosa}xl} mge ~tghumxgto} ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} & Lüg 4>>8%

Oe jl lmxuljahlh* eg klq toba}xtg} gmaljo} oe mulexg l }u~otmao g sgjufoe ho ~tghummaýe gtbìeaml* ~gt eg o{a}xat uel gmael o}xlxlj |uo }o oemltbuo hoj xofl kl}xl jl comkl% Jl} dl}o} ho hlxg} }o oemuoextle oe mge}xtummaýe* xlexg l easoj budotelfoexlj mgfg ~taslhg% ]o mge}ahotl |uo ^ltlbulq gmu~l oj ~tafot jublt l easoj fuehalj ho o{~gtxlmaýe ho lpðmlt gtbìeaml* o}xafìehg}o |uo }o o{~gtxle 3?%>>> xgeojlhl} leuljo}% L}æ xlfdaáe klq

gxtg} tudtg} |uo sle blelehg o}~lmag oe oj fotmlhg aexot& elmagelj* mgfg jl }xosal q jl qotdl flxo% Oe oj mulhtg E° ; }o sa}uljapl |uo oe oj }omxgt ho jl ~tghummaýe ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo} klq toba}xtlhg} 1;> ~tghumxgto} mge motxamlmaýe gtbìeaml ho }u} eml}* mge uel }u~otmao xgxlj mge kaotdl} ho <1> komxìtol}% Mgf~ltlehg jl }u~ot& mao xgxlj mge to}~omxg l ho kaotdl} gtbìeaml} mujxaslhl}* ho}xlml oj komkg ho |uo xlj }u~otmao eg ljmlepl ea oj



Lmxg mgomlhg gl fg|oxl o l ~lmol ho kol~l o bllæ* ho~lxlfoxg ho }l ôhg%

4; ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


FOTMLHG HO JL] KAOTDL] LTGFÌXAML] Q FOHAMAELJO] FOtMLHG eLMaGeLj

L easoj jgmlj* oe oj ~læ} }o ahoexamltge ljtohohgt ho 3>> o}~omao} ho ~jlexl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo} oexto luxýmxg& el} q o{ýxaml}% Ho o}xl}* oe oj fotmlhg }o o}xìe gcotxlehg l jl ~gdjlmaýe l~tg{aflhlfoexo ?> o}~omao}%

Ho oexto jl} ?> o}~omao} |uo }ge mgfotmaljaplhl} oe jg} ~taema~ljo} jgmljo} ho soexl} ho jl Btle L}uemaýe*
^ltl oj leìja}a} ho jl} soexl} oe oj fotmlhg jgmlj ho kaotdl} }o tomuttaý l ue xtldl`g toljaplhg ~ltl uel xo}a} ho btlhg oe jl Clmujxlh ho Aeboeaotæl Lbtgeýfaml ho jl _easot}a& hlh Elmagelj ho L}uemaýe% Oe oj mulhtg E° 1 }o ~to}oexl ue ja}xlhg ho jl} o}~omao} ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} |uo }ge mgfotmaljaplhl} oe oj fotmlhg ho jl Btle L}uemaýe%

Jl} o{~gtxlmageo} ~ltlbulql} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} ljmlepl& tge }u támgth oe oj lüg 4>>;* mge mactl} ho soexl} }u~otagto} l jg} 8 fajjgeo} ho hýjlto}* |uo }abeamltge ue mtomafaoexg aexotleulj hoj ?3*1/* mgf~ltlehg mge oj lüg lexotagt%

Jl} o}~omao} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} ho flqgt hoflehl oe jg} fotmlhg} ho Btle L}uemaýe* ~uohoe gd}otslt}o oe oj }abuaoexo btìmg%

Oe oj mgeùexg ho jl} o{~gtxlmageo} ~ltl oj tudtg }o lh& satxaý* lhofì}* hutlexo oj |uae|uoeag dl`g leìja}a}* ue mgf~gtxlfaoexg o{~le}asg0 }o toba}xtltge mtomafaoexg}

sGjuFOe q sLjGt HO jL} O{^GtXLMaGeO}

MuLHtG 10 ^jLeXL} FOHaMaeLjO} MGFOtMaLjapLHL} Oe Oj FOtMLHG HO btLe L}ueMae Lòe`g Ljcljcl Ljxlfa}l Lfdlq Leæ} o}xtojjlhg Dgjhg Dgttl`l Duttaxg Il‑ltà Mlebgtg}l Ilxuldl Mohtýe Mgjlhomldljjg Mamaxl Hgtlhajjl Oeojhg Oumlja~xgxtlh% Oumlja~xgfoexgj kaeg`g @lbultoxáil‑l @lxo‑a il‑l Il‑l ko‑à Leæ} Fljsl djleml Flepleajjl Foexl‑a ^gjog Tlæp ho fljsl Tgfotg Tg}lfg}|uoxl ]ljsal ]lebtohohtlbg ]ofajjl ho jaeg ]oe ]uamg Xl~oiuo Xajg Xgtg tlxå _tu}u o‑à Sotdoel Q}q~gfajgfdto} Satlsatl Lplctìe Tgfotg Euop fg}mlhl Cuoexo0 Xo}a}% Halbeý}xamg ho jl ~tghummaýe q mgfotmaljaplmaýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q o}~omao} oe ^ltlbulq% CML'_EL%



FOTMLHG HO JL] KAOTDL] LTGFÌXAML] Q FOHAMAELJO]

btCaMG 80 kaOtdL} FOHaMaeLjO} q LtGFXaML} HO FLqGt HOFLeHL FOtMLHG HO L}ueMae% Lea} Jaeg

MuLHtG <>0 O{^GtXLMaGeO} HO kaOtdL} LtGFXaML} Lg

Hýlo CGd

_tupu ko‑à Mlebgtg}l 8/

4/

<4/

Flepleajjl <4/

Il‑l ko‑à
Dgttl`l

Qlbultoxo Il‑l

<2/

8/

4>>? 4>>3 4>>2 4>>; 4>>1

4%8=3%843 4%14;%>=? 4%?14%32< 8%>31%<2> =%318%88>

ig dxg

sl% Hýlo

<%2?=%243 <%18<%3?8 <%2;=%==; 4%==;%2<1 4%>;2%;<4

sl% Ig

4>4/ &<<?/ ?31/ &14/

<>2/ &;4/ =<2/

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj Dlemg Moextlj hoj ^ltlbulq +DM^!%

Foexl 8/

Duttaxg
Oeojhg

Lplctìe

;/

<=/

]oe
Hgtlhajjl
btCaMG ?0 ^LtXaMa^LMae Oe sGjuFOe HO O{^GtXLMaGeO} _mtleal

Dgjhg

4/

<1/

_tubulq
4/

Ljofleal

@l~ýe

Cuoexo0 Xo}a}% Halbeý}xamg oe ^ltlbulq% CML'_EL% ho jl ~tghumma ýe q mgfotmalja plmaýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q o}~omao}

Gxtg} <1/

4/

Ctlemal <2/

Ltboexael

aexotleuljo} attobujlto} q oj ljpl 4>>?&4>>1 cuo motmlel lj 33/% Oe mulexg lj sljgt ho jl} soexl}% HO}XaeG HO jL} O{^GtXLMaGeO}

Oexto jg} ~taema~ljo} ho}xaeg} ho jl} o{~gtxlmageo} ~ltlbul& ql} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} }o ho}xlmle O}~lül* |uo ocomxuý ~ohahg} ~gt _]( <%441%28<9 Ljofleal* mge g~otlmageo} ~gt _]( ;42%?189 Ctlemal* mge _]( 28?%4?<9 Ltboexael* mge oesæg} ~gt _]( 4>1%1129 q OO%__% q Dtl}aj* |uo mgf& ~tltge ~gt _]( <3?%<3> q _]( <3<%;24* to}~omxaslfoexo% ]a }o xgfl oe muoexl jl ~ltxama~lmaýe ~gtmoexulj oe sgju& foe ho jg} hacotoexo} ho}xaeg} ho jl} o{~gtxlmageo} ~ltlbul& ql} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml}* }gdto}ljoe O}~lül* mge uel mge& moextlmaýe hoj 88/9 Ljofleal* mge <1/ hoj xgxlj9 Ctlemal +<2/!9 Ltboexael +2/!* Dtl}aj +8/! q OO%__% +4/!% Oe mulexg l jl ~ltxama~lmaýe ho jl} o}~omao} oe sljgt ho jl o{~gtxlmaýe xgxlj oe oj lüg 4>>1* xoeofg} oe ~tafot jublt => ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

2/

O}xlhg} _eahg}

Dtl}aj

=/

8/

O}~lül 8=/ Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al* oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj DM^%

lj mohtýe mge oj 2


MuLHtG <<0 HO}XaeG HO jL} O{^GtXLMaGeO} HO kaOtdL} Hoxg

I%eoxg

Ljofleal Ltboexael Dtl}aj O}~lül O}xlhg} _eahg} Ctlemal @l~ýe _mtleal _tubulq Gxtg} Xgxl

u}(CGd

^omg^gfohg~gIg

^lx%/

=11%=>>
;42%?18 4>1%112

4>2= <=38

<1
;;%=;> 1>?%82= 81%2=3 =82%48< 8>%<3> 8=%4?= 4=%8=? =3%2
<3<%;24 <%441%28< <3?%<3> 28?%4?< ?4%23> ;<%>?; 8<%34< <28%=;2

<;=4 <=?; ==4< 4<83 <=<8 <;28 <223 82?>

84/ 8=8/ 48/ <33/ <1/ 4
4%>;2%3<4

=%3;1%88<

<*232

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} ho jl Hatommaýe Boeotlj ho O}xlhæ}xaml q Moe}g} +HBOM! ' FLB%

btCaMG 30 ^LtXaMa^LMae HO O{^GtXLMaGeO} ^Gt O}ÔMaO} Sltag}

G H O F J G T ]L O 'M O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^

Gtábleg Jl~lmg >/ >/

4/

]xosal <1/

Mohtýe 2
Eltle`g Lbtag ;/

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al* oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj DM^%

Xmmg ho kol~l omgohg l ~lmol hofgxlxl ho l of~ol o }l ôhg%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] =<



MuLHtG <40 ^taeMa^LjO} OF^tO}L} ^LtLbuLqL} O{^GtXLHGtL} HO kaOtdL}% LüG 4>>1% Of~to}l

Ljalbl ]%L% Ho}~gtx% Coteleh Jgua} Mgg~%JlEgtxoülQmulflehqqðJxhl% Lj|uafal ]%L% Jl~lmg Afo ]%L% ]xosal~lt ]%L% Joxaoemg ^ltlbulq ]%L% Huj}le Gtbìeaml ]%T%J% ]lexlMomajalAf~gtx&O~gtxhoHultxoGtxapMá}lt Xoxaj XgtgDjlemg]%L%A%M% Gxtg}

ô}g +ib!

Sljgt +_]H!

24;%41?

12<%?;;

=>1%24> 431%<;> <1;%?21 4?4%<<3 <>?%3>> <<3%81< 3>%1>? =3%114 48%=?4 =1%2?>

Xgxl

4%<8<%121

348%><< ?=>%3>> =14%824 ==%>=4 ; 41%?1= 1;%2?> <8>%>?3 =%?;?%=84

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} ho jl S_O

^taeMa^LjO} OF^tO}L} O{^GtXLHGtL} HO kaOtdL}

Oe oj 4>>1* }obðe hlxg} hoj Dlemg Moextlj hoj ^ltlbulq +DM^!* <3 of~to}l} o{~gtxltge kaotdl}* lue|uo }ge 3 jl} tfl} |uo xaoeoe flqgt ~ltxama~lmaýe oe oj fotmlhg% Mldo }oüljlt |uo o{a}xo uel ~o|uoül sltalmaýe ho jg} hlxg} ho jl Soexleajjl Ðeaml hoj O{~gtxlhgt +S_O! mge jl} hoj DM^% ]obðe }o gd}otsl oe oj btìmg }abuaoexo* jl of~to}l Ljalbl ]L* l}a}xahl ~gt oj ~tgqomxg _]LAH&^ltlbulq Soeho* xusg jl flqgt ~ltxama~lmaýe oe oj eobgmag ho o{~gtxlmaýe ho kaotdl} mge oj 42/* }obuahl ~gt Ho}~gtx Coteleh Jgua}* |uo }o mgjgml oe }obuehg jublt mge oj <2/% Oe xotmot jublt }o udamý jl Mgg~otlxasl Jl Egtxoül* mge oj >1% Jl} gxtl} of~to}l} o{~gtxlhgtl} to~to}oexle oj >1 ~gt o{~gtxl& mageo} ho kaotdl}% O}xl} mgf~lüæl} }ge Joxaoemg ^ltlbulq* Huj}le Gtbìeaml ]TJ* ]xl% Momajal Af~gtx&O{~gtx* Xo{xaj Xgtg Djlemg ]LAM* oexto gxtl}% =4 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

btCaMG 20 ^LtXaMa^LMae HO jL} ^taeMa^LjO} OF^tO}L} O{^GtXLHGtL}

Xoxaj Xgtg ]xl% Momajal Af~gtx& O~gtx Djlemg ]%L%A%M%
=/

Gxtg} ;/

=/

Joxaoemg ^ltlbulq ]%L%

Ljalbl ]%L%

8/

42/

]xosal~lt ]%L 3/

Jl~lmg Afo ]%L%

Ho}~gtx% Coteleh Jgua}

1/

<2/

Lj|uafal ]%L% <
Mgg~% Jl Egtxoül Qmulflehqqu Jxhl%
Cuoexo0 ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al* oe dl}o l hlxg} ho j l S_O



MuLHtG <=0 aF^GtXLMaGeO} HO kaOtdL} Lg Hýlo ig sl% sl% CGd dxg Hýlo Ig 4>>? 18>%<88 =1>%13<

4>>3 4>>2 4>>; 4>>1

883%>>> 3;=%4=3 <%82?%<<8 <%2=1%=21

=?4%>41 8>2%3
&?43/ ?=4/ <
&<>>/
btCaMG ;0 ^taeMa^LjO} kaOtdL} aF^GtXLHL} Sltag} <3/

Dgjhg 42/ ]xosal ?/

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj DM^%

Flepleajjl

sLjGt q sGjuFOe HO aF^GtXLMaGeO}

Jl} af~gtxlmageo} toljaplhl} ~gt oj fotmlhg ~ltlbulqg ho kaotdl} oexto jg} lüg} 4>>? lj 4>>1 xusaotge umxulmageo} attobujlto} oe mulexg lj aemtofoexg aexotleulj% ]ae ofdlt& bg* oe jg} hg} ðjxafg} lüg} }o }umohaotge lufoexg} }abea& mlxasg}% Oe oj lüg 4>>1 }o af~gtxý ~gt _]( <%2=1%=21* uel mactl |uo to~to}oexl oj <2*1/ fì} |uo oj lüg lexotagt%

3/

Foexl

Gtábleg

?/

=>/

Xajg 4/

]oe <>/

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al* oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj DM^


@lo }xlhomio o~mlhg o ~gmog ho omlhg ho glg o l xllmgo ho kol~l o }l ôhg%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] ==



btCaMG 10 O{^GtXLMaGeO} s}% aF^GtXLMaGeO} HO kaOtdL} ?%>>>%>>>

}o 8%>>>%>>> t jlý H=%>>>%>>>

4%>>>%>>> <%>>>%>>> > 4>>?

4>>3 ]u~otlsax

4>>2 Af~gtxlmageo}

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al* oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj DM^

G OH F J G T L ]O 'M O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^

@lo }xlhomio o~mlhg o ~gmog ho omlhg ho glg o l xllmgo ho kol~l o }l ôhg%

=8 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

4>>; O~gtxlmageo}

4>>1



MuLHtG <80 aF^GtXLMaGeO} FueHaLjO} HO kaOtdL} LtGFXaML} ^Gt ^L} +Oe FajO} HO HjLtO}! ^læo

4>>4

4>>=

4>>8

4>>?

4>>3

O}xlhg}_eahg}

<=3%4;<

<8;%33<

<2=%832

<;;%?4>

Ljofleal @l~ýe Ctlemal Toaeg_eahg kgeb Igeb Axljal Mgtolhoj]ut Mlelhì O}~lül Xlarìe ^læ}o}Dl`g} Dájbaml ]uapl To}xghojfuehg

2;%;8; <>>%3>2 8;%<;1 =3%<11 84%;34 =2%23> =2%=38 =4%?>> 4?%>82 41%3>= <1%;>8 4>%>32 4>%843 32%3<8

<>8%?>> 1;%<42 ?<%<13 8=%==8 84%3>= =1%>=3 =8%88> =3%3;2 =?%2=? =>%;3= 42%142 4?%4=4 4=%8;8 21%442

<<;%<<= 1?%14> ?3%?>1 8?%43< 8?%282 8>%;83 =?%<=8 8>%?=4 ==%=12 ==%>4; 41%<>= =>%2=> 43%4>1 <><%;>3

<4=%<3? 1?%4>4 ?3%13? 82%>32 83%;1> 82%;== =2%884 8?%4?8 84%?13 8>%=<> 41%?<3 4?%2;; 4;%??8 <82%4=3

<4;%2<4 14%411 31%882 ?3%8>1 ??%;<= ?<%<23 83%3;4 83%34< 88%44< ==%;4< =4%32? =4%481 =<%32; <88%2>4

XGXLj Cuoexo0 Cuehlmaýe O{~gtx%Lt oe dl}o l hlxg} ho2==%<2< Xtlh}xlxrod%

;4<%>?4

;;;%?2>

1;2%4;?

<%>??%>4?

Jl} ~taema~ljo} o}~omao} ho kaotdl} af~gtxlhl} oe oj 4>>1 cuotge gtábleg q dgjhg* |uo lbtu~ltge oj 41/ q 42/ ho jl} af~gtxlmageo}* to}~omxaslfoexo* }obuahl} ~gt }oe +<>/!* flepleajjl +3/! q }xosal q foexl +?/ mlhl uel!% Xlfdaáe cuo af~gtxlhg xajg* mge uel ~ltxama~lmaýe hoj 4/ }gdto oj xgxlj hoj sljgt q* oe foegt fohahl ho af~gtxlemal* uel mlexahlh eg o}~omamlhl ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamael& jo} mge ~ltxama~lmaýe hoj <3/%

btCaMG <>0 ^taeMa^LjO} ^L}O} aF^GtXLHGtO}* LüG 4>>3% O}xlhg} _eahg} <;/

Gxtg} 88/

Ljofleal <4/

Oe oj ~tý{afg btìmg }o gd}otsl |uo jl dljlepl mgfotmalj ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} hoj ^ltlbulq kl }ahg }u~otlsaxltag oe jg} ðjxafg} lüg}* }aoehg oj sljgt xgxlj ho jl} o{~gtxlmageo} _]( =%318%88> oe lj lüg 4>>1* faoextl} |uo jl} af~gtxlmageo} }ufltge _]( <%2=1%=21* ho`lehg uel mactl clsgtldjo ho _]( <%1??%>3<%

@l~ýe 1/

kgeb Igeb FOtMLHG FueHaLj HO kaOtdL}

O{a}xoe ljtohohgt ho 4?>%>>> o}~omao} ho ~jlexl} fohama& eljo}* ho jl} muljo} }gjg mgegmofg} oj <>/* jg |uo aehaml

?/

Toaeg _eahg

Ctlemal 2/

?/

Cuoexo0 Cuehlmaýe O{~gtx%Lt* oe dl}o l hlxg} ho Xtlh}xlxrod%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] =?

G H O JF G T ]OL M ' O H OE S Q L _ B L T L ^


Mhlhg mxlo ho ~lmol hofgxlxl ho kol~l o }l ôhg%

MuLHtG
4>>4

4>>=

4>>8

4>>?

4>>3

Mael Ljofleal O}xlhg}_eahg} Ctlemal ^gjgeal Xut|uæl O}~lül Dájbaml Lu}xtal Toaeg _eahg Axljal

21 =2%?>? 8=%3?2 ]'H ]'H 4>%14? <8%34> =%<83 2%3=? <<%44?

<2?%<8> 23%3=1 =3%33< ?8%3=< ]'H ]'H 42%41> 4>%821 2%??2 1%?;= <>%?;>

4>3%2?1 ;?%=24 34%84? 34%>4< ]'H =3% <>%<=2

48>%188 ;8%18> 38%14> ?2%4=? ?4%;;> =2%;?2 <=%81?

4;<%??4 1?%;8< ?1%4<3 ?;%;?1 ?4%=>< 41%>?= 48%333 4>%13= <1%>;2 <8%;?3 <4%28?

^læ}o} Dl`g} Mlelhì Xlarìe Dtl}aj To}xghojfuehg

<%>?= 8%<1? ?%2>= ?%;>2 8?%;42

;% 3%;<8 82%124

<>%>= ?%?44 =1%3?3

;%2?8 <<%>3? 3%23> ?%<8> 3<%=8>

<<%212 <<%>14 3%?<; 3%?>= 38%==3

XGXLj

8<<%=4<

814%234

3>?%8?<

2<=%211

231%=;?

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe Cuehlmaýe O{~gtx%Lt }gdto hlxg} ho Xtlh}xlxrod

=3 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]



jg fumkg |uo |uohl ~gt aeso}xablt lj to}~omxg q oj btle ~gxoemalj }gdto cuxutg} fohamlfoexg}% Jg} ~læ}o} ho foegt ho}lttgjjg omgeýfamg* ~gt }u daghasothahlh* ljdotble uel ~gtmaýe af~gtxlexo ho o}xl} ~jlexl} q* lhofì}* o} oe o}xg}

btCaMG <<0 ^taeMa^LjO} ^L}O} O{^GtXLHGtO} & LüG 4>>3 Mael =3/

}axag} hgeho oj mgegmafaoexg q u}g ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamael& jo} o} ue mgf~geoexo af~gtxlexo ho }u} ~gdjlmageo}%

Gxtg} =3/

Xtlhamageljfoexo* jl ~tghummaýe ho jl flqgtæl ho jl} kaotdl} q o}~omal} kl o}xlhg mgemoextlhg oe jl} tobageo} }ofaxtg~amljo} q fghotlhl} hoj fuehg% O}xo o} oj to}ujxlhg xlexg ho jl} mge}ahotlmageo} mjafìxaml} mgfg ho jl} dl`l} xl& }l} ho aebto}g}* ql |uo jl ~tghummaýe ho kaotdl} o} aexoe}asl oe xtldl`g% ^taeMa^LjO} ^L}O} aF^GtXLHGtO} L easOj FueHaLj

Ljofleal

Ctlemal ;/

Oe oj lüg 4>>3* jl} af~gtxlmageo} fuehaljo} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo} toba}xtltge g~otlmageo} ~gt fì} ho _]( <%>?? fajjgeo}* mactl |uo tosojl ue aemtofoexg aexotleulj hoj 2/ q hoj 88/ hutlexo oj |uae|uoeag dl`g

<4/

O}xlhg} _eahg} ;/

Cuoexo0 Cuehlmaýe O{~gtx%Lt* oe dl}o l hlxg} ho Xtlh}xlxrod%

MuLHtG <30 ^tOMaG} Oe Oj FOtMLHG HO btLe L}ueMae & LüG 4>>= E° Fohamaelj Â%

< 4 = 8 ? 3 2

Lplctìe Dgttl`l Oeojhg Flepleajjl Dgjhg Leæ}o}xtojjlhg Euopfg}mlhl

; 1

Jaeg Leæ}

<

4

=

8

jgmlo ho oxl ? 3

2

;

Fohal

8>%>>> =>%>>> <>%>>> 4>%>>> 2%?>> ;>%>>> ;>%>>>

=>%>>> 4?%>>> <4%>>> 4>%>>> ;%>>> ;>%>>> ;>%>>>

=>%>>> 4?%>>> <>%>>> 4>%>>> <>%>>> 1>%>>> 1>%>>>

4>%>>> 4>%>>> <4%>>> <8%>>> 3%>>> ;?%>>> ;?%>>>

?>%>>> =>%>>> <>%>>> 48%>>> ;%?>> ;>%>>> ;>%>>>

=>%>>> 48%>>> <4%>>> 48%>>> ;%>>> 1>%>>> ;>%>>>

=>%>>> 4?%>>> <>%>>> 4>%>>> <>%>>> 1>%>>> 1>%>>>

=>%>>> 4>%>>> <>%>>> 4?%>>> 1%>>> ;?%>>> 1>%>>>

=4%?>> 48%;2? <>%2?> 4>%;2? ;%=2? ;?%>>> ;8%=2?

;%>>> < 1%>>>

;%>>> <;%>>>

;%>>> <;%>>>

<>%>>> <1%>>>

;%>>> 4>%>>>

<>%>>> <;%>>>

1%>>> <2%>>>

<>%>>> <;%>>>

;%;2? <;%=2?

Hoegfaelmaýe ho jg} jgmljo} ho soexl

<6 Sahl }lel 4 6 ^tgel~o = 6 ^gl Tlaxq ]lexl Tg}l 8 6 ^gl Jl O}~otlepl ? 6 Dge}ìa 3 6 ^gl ^gtì 2 6 kotdgta}xotal ; 6 Xal Xltmajl C_OEXO0Xo}a}% Halbeý}xamg ho jl ~tghummaýe q mgfotmaljaplmaýe ho ~jlexl} fo hamaeljo} q o}~omao} oe ^ltlbulq ” CM L ' _EL% *^tomag} o}xìe o{~to}lhg} oe +B}'ib!

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] =2



btCaMG <40 ^tOMaG} ^tGFOHaG Oe Oj FOtMLHG HO jL btLe L}ueMae & LüG 4>>= <>>%>>> ;?%>>>

;8%=2?

;>%>>> o}æ 3>%>>> le lut B eO 8>%>>>

=4%?>> 48%;2?

4>%;2?

4>%>>> <>%2?>

<;%=2? ;%=2?

;%;2?

> Lplctìe

Dgttl`l

Oeojhg

Flepleajjl

Dgjhg

Leæ} o}xtojjlhg

Euop fg}mlhl

Jaeg

Leæ}

C_OEXO0 Xo}a}% Halbeý}xamg ho jl ~tghummaýe q mgfotma ljaplmaýe ho ~jlexl } fohamaeljo} q o}~omao} oe ^ltlbulq ” CM L ' _EL%

btCaMG <=0 ^tOMaG} HO O{^GtXLMae LüG 4>>1

MuLHtG <20 ^tOMaG} HO MGF^tL Oe CtLMMaGeLHGtL} +b}%!

?

O}ÔMaO}

8

Jofge btl}} Mohtýe ^ltlbulq Il‑l ko‑à Eltle`g lbtag

=

4>>?

3%>>>

4>>3

?%=13

4>>2

?%;88

4>>;

4%>18 8%4=; ?%8<4 <%<>>

C_OEXO0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj HM'FLB

jga 'i H ]4 _

< >

Mohtýe

Eltle`g

]xosal

Gtábleg Jl~lmg

Lbtag C_OEXO0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al* oe dl}o l hlxg} hoj DM^%

=; ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

Sltag}

leìja}a}% Jg} O}xlhg} _eahg}* Ljofleal q @l~ýe }o mge}gja& hltge mgfg jg} ~taema~ljo} mgf~tlhgto} ho o}xg} ~tghum& xg}% Oj fotmlhg o}xlhgueahoe}o af~gtxý ~gt <;; fajjgeo} ho hýjlto}* sljgt |uo to~to}oexl ue aemtofoexg hoj 1/ to}~omxg hoj lüg lexotagt% Ljofleal lmufujý mgf~tl} ~gt _]( <4; fajjgeo} q ue ljpl |uae|uoelj hoj 3=/% Oj fotml& hg `l~geá}* ~gt }u ~ltxo* }o otabaý mgfg oj xotmot ho}xaeg ho jl} af~gtxlmageo} fuehaljo} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q* ~o}o l kldot o{~otafoexlhg oe 4>>3 uel joso fotfl hoj =/ to}& ~omxg l jg} fgexg} af~gtxlhg} oe 4>>?* }u} mgf~tl} oe oj xtle}mut}g hoj ~otæghg 4>>4&4>>3 }aof~to tgehltge oexto jg} 1> q jg} <>> fajjgeo} ho hýjlto}%



MuLHtG <;0 MG}XG HO aF^jLeXLMae & dL}O < kL Mgxg <&Mg}xg}Hatomxg}

Ae}ufg}Xámeamg}

Xg 4<%3?>%<<>

<4%33>%>>>

dxg 44%=8<%=8>

<8%;>>%>>>

tgfog 4=%?44%388

<3%;>>%>>>

Lò`g <4%84=%8=?

3%=>>%>>>

Ae}ufg}Cæ}amg} Aexotá}'Ml~axlj Bl}xg}Lhfaea}xtlxasg}

2%8?>%>>> <%8>>%<>> <8>%><>

3%?=>%>>> 1<1%8>> 1<%18>

8%2;>%>>> <%233%>8> <23%3>8

?%=4?%>>> 24?%;?> 24%?;?

4&Mg}xg}Aehatomxg}

<=3%2?>

<=?%3?>

<=;%23?

<=<%2?>

Daoeo}Fýsajo} Daoeo} Aefýsajo} MgxgXgxl

<=3%2?> 4<%2;3%;3>

<=?%3?> 44%823%11>

<=;%23? 4=%33<%8>1

<=<%2?> <4%???%<;?

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} ho Of~to}l Lbtg~gxq%

O} af~gtxlexo ho}xlmlt |uo }o l~tomal uel hasotboemal oe mulexg l jg} ho}xaeg} ho jl} af~gtxlmageo}* }aoehg Outg~l* L}al q Lfátaml hoj Egtxo jg} ~taema~ljo} mgf~tlhgto} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml}%

foexo% Leljaplehg jl} sltalmageo} aexotleuljo} ho o}xg} hg} ~læ}o}* jl} soexl} hoj ~læ} outg~og too`ltge ue af~gtxlexo mtomafaoexg aexotleulj +<=/!9 faoextl} |uo jl} hoj ~læ} lfotamleg }uctaotge uel dl`l mge}ahotldjo +&1/!%

Oe oj }abuaoexo btìmg }o lhsaotxo |uo jg} O}xlhg} _eahg} mgemoextltge oj <;/ ho jl} af~gtxlmageo} ho kaotdl} ltg& fìxaml} toljaplhl} oe 4>>3% Ljofleal ~ltxama~ý oe ue <4/* }obuahg ~gt @l~ýe +1/! q Ctlemal +2/!% ^gt ðjxafg* xlexg oj Toaeg _eahg mgfg Kgeb Igeb ù}xamltge* mlhl ueg* oj ?/ hoj xgxlj%

O} }aebujlt oj ml}g ho Lu}xtal* fotmlhg |uo toba}xtý oj flqgt mtomafaoexg aexotleulj ho xghg} jg} ~læ}o} leljaplhg}* mge uel sltalmaýe motmlel lj 1=/ to}~omxg ho jg} sljgto} ho 4>>?% Oj ml}g ho ^læ}o} Dl`g} xlfdaáe to}ujxl aexoto}lexo0 oj ljpl ljmleplhl oe oj ~otæghg 4>>4&4>>3 cuo ho <>4>/%

^taeMa^LjO} ^L}O} O{^GtXLHGtO} L easOj FueHaLj

Ho jl jomxutl hoj mulhtg >3* jl} o{~gtxlmageo} xgxljo} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} }u~otltge jg} 231 fajjgeo} ho hýjlto}* mactl |uo tosojl ue lufoexg hoj ;/ to}~omxg hoj lüg 4>>? q hoj ;2/ to}~omxg hoj ~otæghg dl`g o}xuhag% Mge uel mge}ahotldjo ~ltxama~lmaýe oe oj xgxlj ho xtle}lm& mageo} fuehaljo}* Mkael }o ljpý mgfg oj ~taema~lj o{~gt& xlhgt ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} lj fotmlhg aexotelmagelj* mge soexl} }u~otagto} l jg} 4;< fajjgeo} ho hýjlto}* |uo }abea& mltge ue lufoexg aexotleulj hoj <2/% Ho}ho jo`g}* jg }abuaotge Ljofleal q jg} O}xlhg} _eahg}* mge soexl} |uo oe 4>>3 ljmlepltge jg} 13 q ?1 fajjgeo} ho hýjlto}* to}~omxasl&

Xlj mgfg }o gd}otsl oe oj btìmg E° <<* jl ~ltxama~lmaýe ho Mkael oe jl} o{~gtxlmageo} fuehaljo} ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} to}ujxl }abeamlxasl* aemahaoehg oe oj =3/ ho jl} soexl}% Jo }abuoe oe af~gtxlemal Ljofleal +<4/! q jg} O}xlhg} _ea& hg} q Ctlemal* ~tgsoohgto} |uo to~to}oexle ”mlhl ueg& ue ;/ ho aemahoemal }gdto oj xgxlj% ^tOMaG} HO kaOtdL} LtGFXaML} q FOHaMaeLjO}

Eg }o ha}~geo ho hlxg} gmaljo} }gdto jg} ~tomag} ho soe& xl} oe oj fotmlhg jgmlj% ^gt ojjg }o tomuttaý l ue xtldl`g ho aeso}xablmaýe toljaplhg ~ltl uel xo}a} ho btlhg lexo jl Clmujxlh ho Maoemal} Lbtltal} +CML! ho jl _easot}ahlh El& magelj ho L}uemaýe +_EL!* hoj lüg 4>>=% ^ltl oj leìja}a} ho jg} ~tomag} ho jl} kaotdl} o}xltofg} ha}mtafaelehg jg} ~tomag} ho soexl l btleoj oe jg} jgmljo} ho jl Btle L}uemaýe* jg} ~tomag} ~lblhg} oe jl} ~tgmo}lhgtl}* ctlmmagelhgtl} ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] =1



MuLHtG <10 MG}XG} HO FLeXOeaFaOeXG Mgxg <&Mg}xg}Hatomxg}

Xg <=%21<%48>

Ae}ufg}Xámeamg} Ae}ufg}Cæ}amg} Aexotá}'Ml~axlj Bl}xg}Lhfaea}xtlxasg} 4&Mg}xg}Aehatomxg}

Lò`g ;%28;%24>

<%2=>%>>>

<%?;>%>>>

<%2=>%>>>

<<%8;>%>>> ?4;%8>> ?4%;8>

1%=??%>>> 88=%8>> 88%=8>

3%8;>%>>> =44%8>> =4%48>

3%3?>%>>> ==?%4>> ==%?4>

?8%?>>

?3%2;>

?<%?3>

??%3=>

MgxgXgxl

tgfog ;%8<8%38>

<%2=>%>>>

??%3=>

Daoeo} Fýsajo} Daoeo} Aefýsajo}

dxg <<%?24%28>

<=%;83%;2>

?8%?>>

?3%2;>

?<%?3>

<<%342%48>

;%82<%84>

;%;>>%4;>

dxg

tgfog

Lò`g

Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} ho Of~to}l Lbtg~gxq%

MuLHtG 4>0 tOeXLdajaHLH & ^taFOt LüG Mgmo~xg

uhlh

Xg

<%Toehafaoexg 4%^tomaghosoexl

Ib'kl B'ib

<%>>> 4<%>>>

<%?>> <>%>>>

<%?>> >>

4%>>> 2%>>>

=%Aebto}g+<*4! 8%Mg}xgXgxlj ?%Aebto}gEoxg+=&8! 3%Mg}xg}Hatomxg} 2%FltboeDtuxg+=&3! ;%Mg}xgFohag+8'>

B'kl B'kl B'kl B'kl B'kl B'kl /

4<%>>>%>>> 4<%2;3%;3> &2;3%;3> 4<%3?>%<<> &3?>%<<> 4<%2;2 &8

>>%>>> 4<%2;3%;3> &3%2;3%;3> 4<%3?>%<<> &3%3?>%<<> &8%?4? &=<

44%?>>%>>> 4=%33<%8>1 &<%<3<%8>1 4=%??4%388 &<%>?4%388
<8%>>>%>>> <4%???%<;? <%888%;
Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al oe dl}o l hlxg} ho jl of~to}l Lbtg~gxq%

MuLHtG 4<0 tOeXLdajaHLH & }ObueHG LüG Mgmo~xg

uhlh

<%Toehafaoexg Ib'kl 4%^tomaghosoexl B'ib =%Aebto}g+<*4! B'kl 8%Mg}xgXgxlj B'kl ?%Aebto}gEoxg+=&8! B'kl 3%Mg}xg}Hatomxg} B'kl 2%FltboeDtuxg+=&3! B'kl ;%Mg}xgFohag+8'> / Cuoexo0 Ojldgtlmaýe ~tg~al mge hlxg} ho jl of~to}l Lbtg~gxq

8> ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

Xg

<%2>> 4<%>>> =?%2>>%>>> <=%;83%;2> 4<%;?=%<=> <=%21<%48> 4<%1>;%23> <4%;??
dxg

4%>>> <>%>>> 4>%>>>%>>> <<%342%48> ;%=24%23> <<%?24%28> ;%842%43> 8%<;3 24

tgfog

4%?>> >> =2%?>>%>>> ;%82<%84> 41%>4;%?;> ;%8<8%38> 41%>;?%=3> <<%3<< =8=

Lò`g

=%?>> 2%>>> 48%?>>%>>> ;%;>>%4;> ;%28;%24> 8%8;3 <2;



q o{~gtxlhgtl}* q jg} ~tomag} tomadahg} ~gt jg} ~tghumxg} o{~gtxlhg}%

o}~omao}* ho~oehaoehg ho jl hutlmaýe hoj mujxasg q }a o}xo o} leulj g }ofa~otoeeo% Oj mg}xg ho aesot}aýe oe }ofajjl g fuhl* oe oj ml}g ho jg} mujxasg} leuljo}* o}xá tojlmagelhg mge jg} bl}xg} |uo }o toljaple leuljfoexo* q oe jl} o}~omao}

^tOMaG} Oe Oj FOtMLHG HO btLe L}ueMae

}ofa~otoeeo} q ~otoeeo} jl aesot}aýe }o toljapl uel }gjl sop kl}xl oj elj ho jl sahl ðxaj ho jl ~jlexl%

Oe oj mulhtg E° <3 }o gd}otsle jg} ~tomag} ho soexl} l btl& eoj ho jl} o}~omao} fohamaeljo} fì} af~gtxlexo} oe jgmljo} ho jl Btle L}uemaýe% Jl flqgtæl ho jl} o}~omao} xaoeoe sljgto} |uo g}majle oexto ;%>>> q ?>%>>> bultleæo} ~gt iajgbtlfg* q }gjg ljbueg} ~tghumxg} af~gtxlhg} }ljoe ho o}o fltboe% Jl o}~omao mge flqgt ~gtmoexlò ho sltalmaýe o} oj lplctìe q jl foegt o} oj leæ}%

L fghg ho aju}xtlt oe ljbuel fohahl jg} mg}xg} ho ~tghummaýe ho jl} kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} }o ojldgtý* mge l~gqg hoj hatomxgt botoexo ho jl of~to}l Lbtg~gxq* oj mg}xg ho ~tghummaýe ho 8 o}~omao} mge}ahotlhl} ho af~gtxlemal mgfotmalj oe jl plctl 4>>1% Jg} mg}xg} ho af~jlexlmaýe }ge tojlxaslfoexo ljxg} mgfg }o ~uoho gd}otslt oe oj ~tafot lüg% O}xg o} hodahg l jg} mg}xg} ho jg} ~jlexaeo}* |uo o}xìe mge}ahotlhg} oe flmoxl} ~ltl oj xtle}~jlexo oe jublt hoeaxasg%

^tOMaG L easOj ^tGMO}LHGtL} & O{^GtXLHGtL}

Oe mulexg l jg} ~tomag} ho mgf~tl l easoj ho ~tgmo}lhgtl} & o{~gtxlhgtl}* jg} hlxg} gmaljo} ha}~geadjo} }ge fuq atto& bujlto}* mgfg }o ~uoho gd}otslt oe oj mulhtg E° <2* hgeho }o ho}xlml |uo jl ðeaml o}~omao |uo xaoeo mgf~joxg oj ~tomag ~tgfohag leulj o} jl }xosal%

Xlfdaáe xaoeoe ljxl ~ltxama~lmaýe jg} ae}ufg} cæ}amg}* xoeaoehg oe muoexl |uo }ge mujxasg} aexoe}asg} |uo to|uaotoe fumkl fleg ho gdtl ~ltl jl mg}omkl q oj }omlhg%

Oe oj ~otaghg ho leìja}a} }o ~uoho gd}otslt uel ha}faeumaýe hoj ~tomag ho jl }xosal ho 1*;/ oe oj 4>>;* mgf~ltlehg mge oj lüg 4>>?%

Mgfg }o ~uoho gd}otslt oe oj Mulhtg E° <1* jg} mg}xg} ho flexoeafaoexg ho jg} mujxasg} }o mgemoextle oe btle fohahl oe jg} ae}ufg} cæ}amg}% O}xg o} ~gt|uo }o aexoe}amle oj u}g ho jl fleg ho gdtl ~ltl jg} xtldl`g} ho mg}omkl q }omlhg* ~taema~ljfoexo%

^tOMaG} HO O{^GtXLMae

tOeXLdajaHLH

Tocotoexo l jg} ~tomag} ~lblhg} ~gt jl} hacotoexo} o}~omao} o{~gtxlhl} oe oj Btìmg E° <= }o ~uoho gd}otslt |uo oj jl~lmkg tomadaý _]( 8*?1 ~gt iajg* }obuahg ~gt oj gtábleg mge _]( =*<4 ~gt iajg9 oj mohtýe* mge _]( <*28 ~gt iajg9 q oj eltle`g lbtag* mge _]( >*13 ~gt iajg%

^ltl o}xo mìjmujg uxajaplfg} jg} hlxg} ~tgsoæhg} ~gt oj ~tg~aoxltag ho jl of~to}l Lbtg~gxq ho Sajjlttaml* oe dl}o l jl plctl hoj lüg 4>>1% Jg} ~tomag} |uo butle }ge jg} ~lblhg} lj ~tghumxgt oe ~jlexl%

Xlfdaáe }o toljapltge gxtl} o{~gtxlmageo} ho o}~omao} |uo eg o}xìe o}~omamlhl}* |uo oe ~tgfohag xusaotge ue sljgt ho _]( 4*42 ~gt iajg% MG}XG} HO ^tGHuMMae

]o ~uoho gd}otslt oe oj mulhtg E° 4> |uo* oe xghg} jg} ml}g}* jl toexldajahlh ~ltl oj ~tafot lüg o} eoblxasl* mge o{mo~maýe hoj mujxasg ho lòe`g% Jl toexldajahlh l ~ltxat hoj }obuehg lüg o} fuq duoel mgfg }o ~uoho l~tomalt oe oj Mulhtg E° 4<* }aoehg oj tgfotg oj tudtg mge oj fo`gt ~gtmoexlò ho toexldajahlh%

Jg} mg}xg} ho ~tghummaýe }ge fuq sltaldjo} oe jl} ha}xaexl} ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 8<



Clmmglfoxg ho ol o l ~lxl ho Lmý ho kol~l%



O[ÔTAOEMAL LBTGOF^TO]LTALJ

XÆL XLTMAJL

aeeGsLt ^LtL MtOMOt Xæl Xltmajl o} uel famtgof~to}l clfajalt |uo }o hohaml l jl soexl ho kaotdl} fohamaeljo} ho}ho klmo => lüg}% O}xì udamlhl oe oj Fotmlhg 8 ho L}uemaýe q muoexl mge uel }umut}lj oe Ju|uo%

]u} ~tgsoohgto} }ge hoj aexotagt hoj ~læ}* ho jg} ho~ltxl& foexg} Moextlj* Mllbulpð* ]le ôhtg* ^ltlbultæ* Bulatì q gxtl} pgel}% Jl} kaotdl} }ge ljflmoelhl} oe ue ho~ý}axg* l}obutlehg jl ~tgsa}aýe ~ltl sltag} fo}o}%

Oe xgxlj* Xæl Xltmajl gctomo sltaohlho} ho kaotdl} foha& maeljo}* mge ~tomag} |uo sle ho}ho ?>> bultleæo}% Jl of~to& }l soeho oe }u} jgmljo} q oesæl }gdto ~ohahg lj aexotagt hoj ]u ~tg~aoxltal* hgül Taxl ]afdtýe Xájjop* }abuaý oj eobgmag ~læ}% Hgül Taxl hamo |uo aeegslt o} af~gtxlexo q l}obutl aeamalhg ~gt }u flhto }gdto uel fo}l oe oj Fotmlhg 8* |uo lmxuljfoexo xaoeo ~tgqomxg} ~ltl fo`gtlt jl of~to}l% mgfg kldaxuljfoexo jg klmoe jl} ‚quqotl}‖% Ojjl o{~lehaý oj eobgmag* lj|uajý ue }ljýe q cuo jl ~ageotl oe ctlmmagelt q of~l|uoxlt jl} kaotdl}* lhofì} ho fo`gtlt jl ~to}oexlmaýe% Oe o}o oexgemo} ^gkl Tlaxq ]lexl Taxl otl oj egfdto mg& fotmalj% Lmxuljfoexo* jl of~to}l muoexl mge ? of~jolhg}%

Hgül Taxl l}obutl |uo eg klq }omtoxg ~ltl oj á{axg q |uo oj btle mge}ufg hoj ~læ} lquhl* ~otg lbtobl |uo aesotxat oe ~udjamahlh o} af~gtxlexo* q cuemagel% Oj aesaoteg o} jl xof& ~gtlhl ljxl ho jl} kaotdl}* o{~jaml* ql |uo mge oj mge}ufg hoj flxo* jl soexl ho kaotdl} }o ha}~ltl% Kl}xl }u jgmlj jjoble ~ot}gel} mge xghg xa~g ho ~tgdjo& fl}% Hgül Taxl* jl ‚hgmxgtl oe kaotdl}‖* fumkl} somo} jg} gtaoexl* ~otg tomljml |uo eg xghl} cuemagele ho jl fa}fl fleotl* ~uo}xg |uo mlhl gtblea}fg o} hacotoexo%

Hgl txl lol |o g l omoxg ~ll o xg  |o o l mgfg ho ~læ lhl* ~og lol |o ox o ~mhlh o f~gxlxo*  cmgl%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 8=

G H

O rrr%~gtxljbultlea%mgf JF G T ]L O M ' O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^


LJALBL ]L

HO ^LtLbuLq ^LtL Oj FueHG Ljalbl ]L o} uel of~to}l |uo g~otl ho}ho oj lüg <11;* muql} lmxasahlho} mgfotmaljo} }o ho}oesuojsoe oe jg} tudtg} ho lmg~ag* ~to~ltlmaýe q o{~gtxlmaýe ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q fohamaeljo} q lmoaxo} o}oemaljo}% Oj mtomaoexo aexotá} |uo ~to}xl jl }gmaohlh l jl }ljuh q l jg} tofohag} elxutljo} klmo |uo jl of~to}l ho}lttgjjo mlhl sop fì} ~tghumxg}* ldaotxl }aof~to l jl} eomo}ahlho} ho }u} mjaoexo} q l jl haeìfaml hoj fotmlhg fuehalj% Jl tfl kl aemgt~gtlhg ho}ho oj lüg 4>>; oj mgemo~xg ho gtbìeamg oe jl ~tghummaýe ho ljbueg} ho jg} ~tghumxg} ho }u ~gtxlcgjag% Jl of~to}l Moto} motxaml hamkl ~tghummaýe% Oe }u} aeamag}* jl of~to}l o{~gtxldl mltdýe* ~otg l tlæp ho ue ~ohahg ho mohtýe ho}ho jl Ltboexael* ho}mudtaý o}l soxl% Cuo l}æ |uo* xtl} of~oplt jl} lmxasahlho} oe oj euosg tudtg mge ue }gjg mgexoeohgt ho mohtýe* lmxuljfoexo o{~gtxl o}l kaotdl q il~a"a +|uo }o uxajapl ~ltl o}oemal g mgemoextlhg} ho dodahl} ljmgkýjaml}!* kg`l} ho eltle`l lbtal q jafýe ~ltl ~otcufo}* }xosal oe foegt mlexahlh }gjg l Outg~l +~ltl mge}ufg leaflj q ~tghummaýe ho mg}fáxamg}! q mgtxopl ho jl~lmkg +|uo }o uxajapl ~ltl aecu}ageo}!% Jl of~to}l eg muoexl mge mujxasg} ~tg~ag} q lmg~al oj <>>/ ho }u} ~tghumxg}% Jl cljxl ho flxotal ~tafl eg lcomxl l o}xl tfl ~uo}xg |uo jl} sltaohlho} |uo o{~gtxl }o oe& muoextle oe lduehlemal* o{mo~xg |uo jg} mlfdag} mjafìxamg} lcomxoe l jl ~tghummaýe ho jl} <>> clfajal} hoj ho~ltxlfoe& xg ho ]le ôhtg |uo xtldl`le mge Ljalbl% Ho}ho oj lüg 4>>> o{~gtxle l mjaoexo} `g}% ‚_el sop blel& hl jl mgelepl* oj eobgmag o} }obutg‖* ltfl Lel Mlplül* botoexo ho jl tfl% Oj ho}xaeg ho jg} ~tghumxg} ho Ljalbl o} ~taema~ljfoexo Outg~l* }aoehg Ljofleal* Ctlemal q O}~lül jg} ~taema~ljo} mgf~tlhgto}% Oe Lfátaml hoj ]ut* }gjg Ltboexael toljapl mgf~tl}% O}~gtìhamlfoexo* xlfdaáe jg} oesæg} jjoble l Flttuomg}* Tu}al o Axljal% Oe oj lüg 4>>1 o{~gtxltge ;>> faj iajg} ho ~tghumxg}% 88 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]



LBTG^GXQ

kaOtdL} q O}ÔMaL} HO}HO buLat Lbtg~gxq +gt hoj lbtg oe bultleæ! aeamaý }u} lmxasahlho} oe <11= mgfg uel of~to}l uea~ot}gelj hoj Aeb% ^ldjg ]lexlmtup* oesl}lehg q mgfotmaljaplehg o}~omal} q ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} ho}ho Sajjlttaml* ho~ltxlfoexg ho Bulatì% Lj mldg ho ? lüg} }o saotge oe jl eomo}ahlh ho mgexlt mge ~tghummageo} ~tg~al} hodahg l jl o}ml}op ho flxotal ~tafl oe oj mlf~g% Lmxuljfoexo g~otl oe jl mauhlh ho Sajjlttaml mge 8> of~jolhg} oe xof~gtlhl dl`l q mge ml}a 3> oe á~g& ml ho mg}omkl% Oe jl hámlhl ~l}lhl af~uj}ltge jl cgtflmaýe ho mgfaxá} ho ~tghumxgto} oexto jg} mlf~o}aeg} q mgfu& eahlho} aehæboel}* ~taema~ljfoexo ho jl ~ltmaljahlh Lmká q Fdql Bultleæ* gtbleapìehgjg} q ~tgsoqoehg }ofajjl}* l~gqg xámeamg q ~o|uoüg} mtáhaxg} o}oemaljo}* o}xg l xtlsá} ho uel ljalepl mge jl cuehlmaýe Fga}á} Dotxgea% Lmxuljfoexo muoexl mge 4> komxìtol} ho mujxasg} ~otoeeo}* ~otg o}xl mlexahlh lufoexltì l ?> hoextg ue lüg% Jl} ~jle& xlmageo} ~tg~al} ho jl of~to}l }o oemuoextle oe oj dlttag ]lexl Momajal +Flqgt Muá!* oe jg} ljtohohgto} ho Sajjlttaml q oe jl pgel ho Mgjgeal Aeho~oehoemal* oe jl} }ottleæl} hoj Qsqxutupð% Oe o}o jublt }o mgebtoble ~otaýhamlfoexo btu~g} ho xtldl`lhgto} |uo }o oemltble ho jg} muahlhg} mujxutljo} q jl mg}omkl% Mge jg} mgfaxá} gtbleaplhg}* oe xgxlj =>> ~ot}gel} o}xìe aesgjumtlhl} hatomxlfoexo oe oj xtldl`g% Fuòto} q eaüg} xtldl`le oe jl tomgjommaýe ho kaotdl} elxasl} ~ltl hgfo}xa& mltjl}* to~tghumatjl} q osaxlt |uo }o o{xaeble% Jl tomgjommaýe }o toljapl fleuljfoexo* lue|uo ljbuel} kaotdl} ql }o mg}o& mkle ho fleotl fomleaplhl% Lbtg~gxq ~tgsoo l ctlmmagel& hgtl} q l qotdlxotl} elmageljo}%

^lmol ho Lg~gx o slml%

Lhofì}* mge }u ~tg~al fltml* soeho l ? ho~ltxlfoexg} fohalexo tosoehohgto} oe mlhl pgel% Xlfdaáe jjobý l o{& ~gtxlt l O}~lül* Axljal q Mkomg}jgsl|ual* ~otg klmo = lüg} jl} g~otlmageo} ho mgfotmag o{xotagt cuotge ha}mgexaeul& hl}* l mlu}l ho jl cljxl ho flxotal ~tafl% ]obðe mìjmujg} ho ]lexlmtup* oe 4 lüg} fì} o}xltæle ja}xg} ~ltl to}~gehot l o}l hoflehl euoslfoexo% ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 8?

G OH

JF rrr%~gtxljbultlea%mgf G T L ]O M ' O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^


L}a}XOeMaL L ^tGHuMXGtO} HO kaOtdL} GtbLeaML}

Jl lbtamujxutl gtbìeaml o} ue }a}xofl ~tghumxasg |uo ~g}oo ue fotmlhg mtomaoexo l easoj fuehalj% Oe ^ltlbulq* sltal} of~to}l} saeaotge aemoexaslehg o}xo fáxghg ~tghumxasg q kle xoeahg duoeg} to}ujxlhg}* o}~omaljfoexo oe ]le ôhtg* hgeho }o xaoeoe fuq duoeg} ~tghumxgto} gtbìeamg} ho hacotoexo} tudtg}% ]ae ofdltbg* jl mljahlh q jl mlexahlh ho jl ~tghummaýe eg }ge }abeamlxasl} hodahg l tlpgeo} mgfg ~tomag} hacotoemalhg}* toehafaoexg} q mgegmafaoexg lho& mulhg hoj fáxghg* xlexg ho jg} of~to}ltag} mgfg ho jg} ~tghumxgto}%

Clmmglfoxg ho ol o l ~lxl ho Lmý ho kol~l%

mge áecl}a} l jl motxamlmaýe gtbìeaml% Jg} ~taema~ljo} oò} xofìxamg} ho jl l}a}xoemal cuotge0

^gt o}xl} tlpgeo}* jl ml~lmaxlmaýe }gdto oj }a}xofl ~tghumxa& sg* ~tgmo}lfaoexg q mgfotmaljaplmaýe to}ujxl ho xtl}moehoe& xlj af~gtxlemal ~ltl lufoexlt jg} toehafaoexg}* fo`gtlt jl mljahlh q ~otcommagelt oj }a}xofl ho mgfotmaljaplmaýe% Ho o}xo fghg* jg} aesgjumtlhg} jgbtltìe ue flqgt fltboe ho toexldajahlh% u}LaH ^LtLbuLq sOeHO

Oe jl lmxuljahlh klq of~to}l} o ae}xaxumageo} |uo lðele o}cuotpg} ~ltl jjoslt lhojlexo jg} of~toehafaoexg} ho lbtamujxutl gtbìeaml% _eg ho ojjg} o} ^ltlbulq Soeho ho jl Lboemal hoj Bgdaoteg ho jg} O}xlhg} _eahg} ~ltl oj Ho}l& ttgjjg Aexotelmagelj +_]LAH!* |uo dtaehl l}a}xoemal xámeaml l of~to}l} q'g ~tghumxgto} elmageljo} ho jg} mgttohgto} omgeýfamg} Moextg* O}xo q Egtxo% Jl foxl ho o}xo ~tgqomxg o} lufoexlt jl} soexl} oe oj fotmlhg jgmlj o aexotelmagelj* l}æ mgfg boeotlt of~jog} o aesot}ageo} oe jg} mgttohgto}%

& Ml~lmaxlt l jg} ~tghumxgto} ~ltl jl lhg~maýe ho tomgfoe& hlmageo} xámeaml} ~ltl g~xlt ~gt jl motxamlmaýe gtbìeaml% & Hofg}xtlt fáxghg} ho fleo`g q mge}otslmaýe ho }uojg l easoj ho eml% & L~gqlt l jg} ~tghumxgto} ~ltl jl mgecgtflmaýe ho l}gmal& maýe* ~ltl lmgbot}o l jg} doeomag} hoj mgfotmag ù}xg% ^ltl oj jgbtg ho jg} gdòxasg} }o sa}axltge jl} eml} q }o t& fltge lmuothg} ~ltl jl} l}a}xoemal}* ue ~tgmo}g |uo to}ujxý ljbg joexg hodahg l |uo kudg eufotg}l} mgesot}lmageo} mge jg} ~tghumxgto} }gdto }u ho}og ho }obuat hoextg hoj ~tgbtlfl gtbìeamg%

Jl} ~taema~ljo} ae|uaoxuho} ho jg} ~tghumxgto} cuotge oj jlt& bg ~tgmo}g |uo jjosl jl motxamlmaýe* oj ~tomag hacotoemalhg ~gt jl soexl ho jg} ~tghumxg} q oj flqgt lmgf~lülfaoexg Oe oj fltmg hoj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho }o tfý ue mge& xámeamg% Jl} ~tafotl} sa}axl} cuotge ~gmg ocomxasl} ~gt|uo soeag ho mgg~otlmaýe fuxul mge jl of~to}l Ljalbl ]L ~ltl fumkg} ho jg} ~tghumxgto} o}xldle cuotl ho }u} eml}% ~tgmutlt cgtxljomot oj }a}xofl ho ~tghummaýe q mgfotmaljapl& maýe ho jg} ~tghumxg} gtbìeamg}* |uo aemjuqo* lhofì} ho jl Oe jl ~tafotl oxl~l ho jl l}o}gtæl* jl} tomgfoehlmageo} l jg} ~tghummaýe q jl mgfotmaljaplmaýe* jl motxamlmaýe gtbìeaml% ~tghumxgto} }o moextltge oe jl af~jofoexlmaýe ho ctle`l} ^ltl jjoslt l mldg oj fa}fg }o mgextlxý oj }otsamag ho ue ho ~tgxommaýe q u}g ho mgdotxutl sasl oe jl} ~ltmojl} gtbìea& aeboeaotg lbtýegfg mge o{~otaoemal oe ~tghummaýe gtbìea& ml}% Ho o}xl fleotl }o aeamaý ue ~tgmo}g ho osljulmaýe |uo ml* mge oj gdòxasg ho l~gqlt l Ljalbl* oe jl l}a}xoemal l jg} cuo to~axaáehg}o oe mlhl sa}axl% Jl} ~taema~ljo} ìtol} ho l}o& ~tghumxgto} ho jg} ha}xtaxg} }lf~ohtleg} ho ]lexl Tg}l hoj }gtlfaoexg} |uo }abuaotge cuotge fleo`g ho }uojg* ojldg& Lbultlq* Bulqlada q Jafl mge jl ml~lmaxlmaýe q hofg}xtl& tlmaýe ho cotxajaplexo} gtbìeamg} q egtfl} ho jl lbtamujxutl gtbìeaml q }u lhg~maýe% maýe l easoj ho eml ho jg} fáxghg} ho fleo`g ho ~ltmojl} 83 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]



jl} ~ltmojl}* xghl} fì} jaf~al}* hodahg l jl lhg~maýe ho jl} tomgfoehlmageo} toljaplhl}% Gxtg} jgbtg} cuotge oj aeamag ho jl l~jamlmaýe ho ~tìmxaml}

^ltl |uo oj ~tgmo}g xoebl }u}xoexldajahlh* }o o}xldjomaý uel ~gjæxaml hatomxl ho aesgjumtlfaoexg oexto jl of~to}l mgf~tlhgtl* jg} bo}xgto} jgmljo}* jg} oemltblhg} ho lmg~ag q ~tgsa}aýe ho jg} tomut}g} q jg} ~tghumxgto}* l xtlsá} ho uel mggthaelmaýe ho jl} lmmageo} l }ot ho}lttgjjlhl} xlexg oe oj ìtol ho l}a}xoemal xámeaml* mgfg jl jgbæ}xaml q jl mgfotmalja& plmaýe ho jg} ~tghumxg}% Oe o}xl oxl~l 83 ~tghumxgto} cuotge l}a}xahg} oe xghg} jg} xofl} |uo }o ~tg~u}g xtldl`lt* xlexg oe jg} mut}g} ho ml~l& maxlmaýe mgfg xlfdaáe oe jl} sa}axl} l eml} ~ltl l}obutlt oj muf~jafaoexg ho jl} foxl}% Jg} ~tghumxgto} l}a}xahg} q ml~lmaxlhg} cuotge ho jg} ha}xtaxg} fì} lttadl foemagelhg}% Hoextg hoj ~tgmo}g }o aemgt~gtý l <1 euosg} }gmag}* ho jg} muljo} ; }ge ho ]lexl Tg}l hoj Lbultlq* 8 ho Bulqlada q 2 ho Jafl% Mgfg o}xtlxobal }o uxajapltge jl} sa}axl} l eml} mge hgmufoexlmageo} tflhl} ~gt jg} ~tghumxgto} q oj xámeamg* hgeho uel mg~al jo |uohl lj ~tghumxgt* mge jl} tomgfoehlmageo} hlhl}%

ho mge}otslmaýe ho }uojg}% Xghg} jg} ~tghumxgto}* ho ljbuel cgtfl* toljaple jl} ~tìmxaml} ho mge}otslmaýe% Klq ~tghum& xgto} |uo toljaple }aofdtl ho mujxasg} ~ltl ctle`l ho ~tgxom& maýe q gxtg} ho`le soboxlmaýe elxutlj% ]a daoe o}xo ðjxafg }a}xofl eg }ol xle ocomxasg mgfg oj ~tafotg ~ltl oj mgextgj ho saoexg q lbul* l~gtxl }abeamlxaslfoexo lj fleo`g ho }uojg% Jl xltol fì} lfdamag}l cuo jl ~tghummaýe ho ldgeg} q cotxa& japlexo} l easoj ho eml}* ql |uo jg} tudtg} mge |uo muoexle jg} ~tghumxgto} to|uaotoe ho }u~jofoexlmaýe euxtamagelj ~gt oj }a}xofl aexoe}asg oe |uo }o fleo`l% Lhofì}* o}xl} }u~jofoexlmageo} eg hodoe }ot }lemagelhl} ~gt jl} egt& fl} ho motxamlmaýe* ~gt jg |uo o}xl jldgt }o jafaxl lj u}g ho aebtohaoexo} ~otfaxahg} ha}~geadjo} oe jl} eml}% Oe jl ~tìmxaml toljaplhl* jg} ~tghumxgto} fleaco}xltge }u aexotá} oe lhg~xlt oj o}|uofl9 }ae ofdltbg* ql eg kudg xaof~g ~ltl uel osljulmaýe% Xlfdaáe cuo ~g}adjo lf~jalt q gthoelt jg} mgegmafaoexg} ho jg} ~tghumxgto} }gdto jl} egtfl} ho jl lbtamujxutl gtbìeaml* }gdto jl af~gtxlemal ho osaxlt jl} |uofl} q oj komkg ho eg uxajaplt lbtg|uæfamg}* oj muahlhg hoj }uojg* jl ~tghummaýe ho ldgeg q xofl} tojlmagelhg} mge jl mgfotmaljaplmaýe%

Xlfdaáe o} ho ho}xlmlt |uo eaebðe ~tghumxgt homahaý ho`lt oj ~tgbtlfl hutlexo oj ~tgmo}g ho jl l}a}xoemal q* lj fa}fg xaof~g* }o gd}otsý ue ~lujlxaeg aexotá} ho gxtg} ~tghum& Xlfdaáe }o aextghu`g ue ~tgmo}g ho aemoexasg* |uo mge}a}xo xgto} oe }uflt}o l jl aeamalxasl% Mge jl l}a}xoemal }o ~uhg oe ~tofalt l jg} ~tghumxgto} |uo lhg~xltge jl} tomgfoehl& ae}xljlt uel aflboe hacotoexo ho jl of~to}l Ljalbl ]L* lexo mageo} xámeaml}% Jl ahol mge o}xl aeegslmaýe cuo ho}lttgjjlt jg} ~tghumxgto}* lue|uo lue cljxl fo`gtlt oj tojlmagelfaoe& uel mlf~lül ho mgemaoemalmaýe oexto jg} ~tghumxgto} }gdto xg ho jg} lmg~alhgto} mge jg} ~tghumxgto}* |uaoeo} l~ltoe& jl af~gtxlemal ho jl l~jamlmaýe ho xljo} tomgfoehlmageo}% xofoexo xaoeoe aexoto}o} ~ot}geljo} |uo ~tafle }gdto oj O}xo xtldl`g cuo l~gqlhg lf~jalfoexo ~gt Ljalbl ]L* |uo aexotá} of~to}ltalj q l jltbg ~jlpg ho Ljalbl% l~gtxý jg} ~tofag} ~ltl jg} ~tghumxgto} |uo fo`gt muf~jao& tge jl} tomgfoehlmageo}% ^gt ðjxafg* jl gtbleaplmaýe ho jg} ~tghumxgto} ~ltl lmg& bot}o l jg} doeomag} hoj mgfotmag ù}xg o} uel xltol |uo }o _eg ho jg} to}ujxlhg} fì} af~gtxlexo} ho jl l}a}xoemal |ua& of~opý* ~otg |uo to|uaoto ho ue ~tgmo}g l fì} jltbg ~jlpg% pì} klql }ahg jl fgxaslmaýe ho jg} ~tghumxgto}% Oj mlfdag ]aof~to o{a}xo uel maotxl l~lxæl ho ~ltxo ho jg} ~tghumxgto} |uo }o ~uhg gd}otslt xtl} jl} sa}axl} cuo oj fo`gt muahlhg ho ~ltl toueat}o* hodahg l jl} fðjxa~jo} o{~otaoemal} eoblxasl} ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 82



|uo xusaotge lexotagtfoexo% ]ae ofdltbg* mge ue duoe ~tgmo}g ho ~to~ltlmaýe* |uo ql mgfoepý mge oj ~tgbtl& fl ^ltlbulq Soeho* }otì ~g}adjo jl mgecgtflmaýe ho uel l}gmalmaýe* fì} lðe }a jl of~to}l Ljalbl mgextaduqo mge&

easojo} ho aesot}aýe* bl}xg* ~tghumxasahlh q sojgmahlh* jl} muljo} cuotge o{~uo}xl} oe }u fgfoexg q ~to}oexlhl} oe ue hgmufoexg%

xaeulehg mge jg} xtldl`g} o}xldjomahg} q lmgthlhg} mge jg} ~tghumxgto}%

Oj gtábleg o} uel o}~omal mge af~gtxlexo hoflehl l easoj fuehalj q hoj Fotmlhg Mgfðe hoj ]ut +Fotmg}ut! l easoj tobagelj% Jg} sgjðfoeo} ~tghumahg} oe jg} ~læ}o} ~tghumxg& to} eg jjoble l mudtat jl hoflehl ho af~gtxlhgto} flqg& ta}xl}* aehu}xtal lbtgljafoexltal q mge}ufahgt hoxljja}xl% Oe xlj }oexahg* o{a}xo uel g~gtxueahlh ho fotmlhg ~ltl ue ~tghumxg eg xtlhamagelj% Jg} ~tomag} ho jg} ljafoexg} oe boeotlj o}xìe oe mge}xlexo mtomafaoexg q* oj hoj gtábleg oe ~ltxamujlt* sl mgf~joxlehg uel mutsl ho mtomafaoexg }g}xo& eahl* jg |uo tohgehol jl g~gtxueahlh ho fotmlhg o{a}xoexo%

L}a}XOeMaL XáMeaML Oe Oj LbtGeObGMaG HOj GtábLeG

^ltlbulq Soeho* oe ùeag hoj 4>>;* mgextlxý lj Aeb% Tg& htabg Hlpl* mge}ujxgt aexotelmagelj* ~ltl l}a}xat l of~to& }l} q of~to}ltag} hoj ^ltlbulq% Oj gdòxasg cuo l}o}gtlt l of~to}l} hoj }omxgt ~taslhg ~ltlbulqg oe oj ho}lttgjjg o af~jofoexlmaýe ho lmmageo} oe jl mlhoel lbtg~tghumxasl hoj gtábleg* klmaoehg áecl}a} oe oj o}jldýe ho ~g}xmg}omkl* o}~omæmlfoexo mge oj ho}kahtlxlhg% ]o toljapý jl mge}ujxg& tæl hlhl} jl} o{~otaoemal} o{axg}l} |uo }o jgbtltge oe Dgjasal oe ue ~tgbtlfl }afajlt ho _]LAH mge mujxasg ho o}~omal}% Oe jl g~gtxueahlh }o toljapý ue dtoso leìja}a} ho jl }axul& maýe lmxulj hoj fotmlhg fuehalj hoj gtábleg* oj mulj o}xì oe ljtohohgt ho jl} 3>%>>> xgeojlhl}* o|uasljoexo} l =8%>>> komxìtol}* }ae mge}ahotlt jl ~tghummaýe ho ~tghumxg cto}mg |uo }o ho}xael l mgebojlhg q ~tghummaýe ho lmoaxo} o}oemal& jo} q gjogtto}ael}% Oj leìja}a} hoj fotmlhg }atsaý mgfg fltmg boeotlj ~ltl oj ho}lttgjjg ~g}xotagt ho jl} ~taema~ljo} lmxasahlho} |uo hodoe toljaplt}o oe oj mujxasg% Oj fleo`g hoj mujxasg o} ue ~tgmo}g |uo eg aesgjumtl mgf~jamlmageo}% O} ue mujxasg tð}xamg mge dl`g to|uotafaoexg kæhtamg* o{aboexo oe flxotal gtbìeaml q mge o}ml}g} ~tgdjofl} oe mulexg l ~jlbl}% ]o oeclxapý oe l}~omxg} tojlmagelhg} lj }omlhg hoj gtábleg q ~taema~ag} boeotljo} ho ho}kahtlxlhg* |uo ~uohoe }ot l~jaml& hg} oe ha}xaexg} mujxasg}* hlhg |uo o} jl ~taema~lj g~otlmaýe ~ltl jl} kaotdl} ho}kahtlxlhl}% Ho áj ho~oeho oj á{axg g oj ctlml}g ho xghg oj mamjg ~tghumxasg q hoj eobgmag* q mg& tto}~geho l ue ‛~uexg mtæxamg‑ oe mulj|uaot ~tgmo}g |uo jg to|uaotl% Oj to}ujxlhg hoj }omlhg aemaho hatomxlfoexo oe jl mljahlh hoj ~tghumxg elj q* ~gt oeho* oe oj ~tomag% O{a}xoe ha}xaexl} ljxotelxasl} g o}xtlxobal} ho }omlhg mge ha}xaexg} 8; ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

batL XáMeaML HO ML^LMaXLMae L dGjasaL

L fghg ho mgexaeult mge jl l}a}xoemal oe oj lbtgeobgmag hoj gtábleg l of~to}l} q of~to}ltag} l}a}xahg} ~gt oj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho* }o gtbleapý uel batl xámeaml l Dgjasal* ho jl G OH JF G T L O] M ' O H OE S Q L _ B L T ^L

^lmol ho glg ho l of~ol kol~l o }l ôhg%



|uo ~ltxama~ltge to~to}oexlexo} q xámeamg} ho jl} of~to}l} Kaotdl~lt q Lbtg~gxq% ]o sal`ý ~tafotg kl}xl Gfoto|uo* }axag oe oj |uo }o gd}ot& sltge mujxasg} ho leæ} q }o flexusaotge oextosa}xl} mge jg} xámeamg} hoj ~tgqomxg ‚L~gqg l jl ^tghummaýe q Mgfot& maljaplmaýe ho O}~omal} oe oj Fueama~ag ho Gfoto|uo ho Mgmkldlfdl‖* |uaoeo} aecgtfltge }gdto oj xtldl`g |uo toljapltge* haotge uel to}oül }gdto jl} mgehamageo} ho }uojg oe jl} ha}xaexl} ìtol} ho jl} ~jlexlmageo}* jl} oecotfohlho} q ~jlbl} |uo kle l~ltomahg q jg} muahlhg} mujxutljo}* oexto gxtg} l}~omxg}% ]o toljapltge xlfdaáe sa}axl} l hg} eml} mge mujxasg} ho leæ}* ueg oe jl pgel dl`l* l gtajjl} hoj tæg q gxtg oe uel pgel fì} ojoslhl q mge }uojg fì} ltoeg}g% Lhofì}* }o mgemtoxl& tge oemuoextg} mge ~tghumxgto}* |uaoeo} aecgtfltge }gdto jl o{~otaoemal ho}lttgjjlhl hoextg hoj ~tgqomxg* q }o gd}ot& sltge jl} fì|uael} ho}btlelhgtl} q jaf~alhgtl} ho leæ}% ^g}xotagtfoexo }o sal`ý kl}xl Xgfael* hgeho }o sa}axý jl ~jlexl ho ~tgmo}lfaoexg ho o}~omal} q mgehafoexg} ho _EOM ]L% ]o flexusg uel toueaýe mge oj botoexo boeo& tlj q mge jg} to}~ge}ldjo} ho jl} ha}xaexl} ìtol}% Toljapltge o{~jamlmageo} xámeaml} q hofg}xtlmageo} }gdto jl} mìfl& tl} ho }omlhg aehu}xtalj* oj ~tgmo}g q o|ua~lfaoexg} ~ltl o{xtlmmaýe ho lmoaxo} o}oemaljo}* jl ~tghummaýe ho ~jlexaeo}* ae}xljlmaýe ho jg} sasotg}* oj fleo`g ho jl} ~jlexl} flhto}* jg} }omlhotg} ho kaotdl} |uo }o u}le oe oj mlf~g* jl ~jlexl ho jaf~aopl* mjl}amlmaýe q oesl}lhg ~ltl o{~gtxlmaýe hoj gtábleg% Xlfdaáe }o flexusaotge toueageo} mge ~tghumxgto}* |uaoeo} mgfoexltge }gdto jl o{~otaoemal oe oj mujxasg ho gtábleg% LHG^Mae HO XOMeGjGbL} ^LtL ^tGHuMMae HO GtábLeG

Kaotdl~lt* ho}~uá} ho tomldlt xghl} jl} aecgtflmageo} q ho gd}otslt jg} fghojg} ae}xljlhg} ~gt jg} ~tghumxgto} oe Dgjasal* ae}xljý ue }omlhotg oe jl ~ltmojl mge |uo muoexle oe jl jgmljahlh ho Bulqlada* l fghg o{~otafoexlj% Jl}

~tafotl} ~tuodl} haotge to}ujxlhg} fuq duoeg} oe mulexg l mljahlh elj hoj }omlhg ho jl} kg`l} ho gtábleg* jgbtlehg ue ~tghumxg ho o{mojoexo mljahlh* mge btle mgf~oxaxasahlh ctoexo l jg} ~tghumxg} af~gtxlhg}% Lhofì}* oj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho l~gqý l jl of~to}l Kaotdl~lt ~ltl fo`gtlt jl ~to}oexlmaýe ho }u} ~tghumxg}* jl ojldgtlmaýe ho mlxìjgbg ho ~tghumxg} q oj ho}lttgjjg g mge}& xtummaýe ho }u ~ìbael rod* ho xlj cgtfl l fo`gtlt jl aflboe q oj ~g}amagelfaoexg ho jl of~to}l oe oj fotmlhg% Lbtg~gxq o} gxtl of~to}l hoj aexotagt hohamlhl lj tudtg ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}* ltgfìxaml} q o}~omal}* |uo kl }ahg l~gqlhl ~gt oj ~tgbtlfl ^ltlbulq Soeho ~ltl fo`gtlt jl ~to}oexlmaýe ho }u} ~tghumxg}* jl ojldgtlmaýe ho ue mlxìjg& bg ho ~tghumxg} q oj ho}lttgjjg g mge}xtummaýe ho jl ~ìbael rod% Xlfdaáe }o jo l~gqý oe jl ojldgtlmaýe ho ue ~otj ho ~tgqomxg ~ltl jl ae}xljlmaýe ho ue }omlhotg ho kaotdl} ~ltl ue btu~g ho ~tghumxgto} hohamlhg} l jl ~tghummaýe ho kaot& dl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}* l}a}xahg} ~gt Lbtg~gxq* oe jl mgf~lüæl ho Flqgt Muo* Mgjgeal Aeho~oehoemal* ho~ltxl& foexg ho Bulatì% Oj elemalfaoexg cuo l xtlsá} hoj FLB q oj ~tgqomxg lmxuljfoexo o}xì oe oxl~l ho af~jofoexlmaýe% Jl} ~taema~ljo} sltaohlho} ho gtábleg |uo }o uxajaple lm& xuljfoexo oe Dgjasal }ge Fltu* Iljaxota q Geaxo}% Jl fì} ~g~ujlt oexto jg} lbtamujxgto} o} jl sltaohlh Fltu* |uo xaoeo ue duoe toehafaoexg* jg mulj }abeaml uel soexl`l ~ltl oj ~tghumxgt% Fltu o} xlfdaáe jl fì} lmo~xlhl ~gt }u ~g}amag& elfaoexg oe oj fotmlhg ho jg} mgehafoexg}% Jl sltaohlh Fltu xaoeo jl ml~lmahlh ho ~toehafaoexg tì~ahg q }o lhl~xl daoe l hacotoexo} mjafl} q }uojg}% To}a}xo daoe l jl }o|uæl q eomo}axl foeg} lbul |uo gxtl} sltaohlho}% Jl ~jlexl o} fì} cìmaj ho lblttlt ~ltl oj mgtxo oe mg}omkl q foeg} }oe}adjo l jl} oecotfohlho} q ~jlbl}% Jl sltaohlh Fltu cuo aextghumahl lj ^ltlbulq ~gt Lbtg~g& xq% ^tafotlfoexo toljapltge ue o}xuhag hoj mgf~gtxlfaoexg lbtgomgjýbamg oe jl pgel ho Sajjlttaml* gd}otsìehg}o ue o{mojoexo ho}lttgjjg soboxlxasg% ^g}xotagtfoexo ~tgmohaotge l fujxa~jamlt jg} ~jlexaeo} q* lmxuljfoexo* o}xìe ae}xljlehg ~ltmojl} mge eo} mgfotmaljo} oe Sajjlttaml q Mgjgeal Aeho& ~oehoemal% ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] 81



^lmol ho lò`g ho l of~ol kol~l o }l ôhg%

?> ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


ÔT]ÔMXASL] HO JL ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL] Leja}a} HO CGtXLjOpL}* l |uo jl toljahlh elmagelj q tobagelj eg }aof~to o} kgfgbá& G^GtXueaHLHO}* HO}LCG} q LFOeLpL} eol oe jg |uo xaoeo |uo sot mge jl ~tghummaýe* mgfotmalja&

]a daoe oj leìja}a} |uo }o ~uohl klmot }gdto oj }omxgt o} mgf~jo`g* hodahg l jl hasot}ahlh ho o}~omao} aesgjumtlhl} q

plmaýe q tobujlmaýe hoj }omxgt* o} ~g}adjo dg}|uo`lt ljbueg} l}~omxg} hgfaelexo}%

Cgxlol

G~gxhlho

․ Jl} cgtxljopl} o}xìe saemujlhl} ~taema~ljfoexo l jl ljxl hgxlmaýe ho clm& xgto} ho ~tghummaýe +xaottl} q ~taema~ljfoexo fleg ho gdtl! l}gmalhl l ~tomag} aexotelmageljfoexo mgf~oxaxasg} o}~omaljfoexo juobg ho jg} lù}xo} mlfdaltag} ~tgmo}lhg} oe jg} hacotoexo} ~læ}o}% ․ Jl ~gdjlmaýe ^ltlbulql o}xì mgf~uo}xl ~gt ~tghumxgto} lbtæmgjl} |uo uxajaple cuehlfoexljfoexo fleg ho gdtl clfajalt q |uo oe fuml} gml}ageo} hodoe soehot }otsamag} cuotl hoj ~tohag ~ltl fo`gtlt }u easoj

․ ^g}adajahlho} lbtgomgjýbaml} ~ltl oj ho}lttgjjg ho mujxasg} gtbìeamg}% ․ Fotmlhg hgfá}xamg oe o~le}aýe% ․ Fotmlhg ho ~tghumxg} gtbìeamg} oe o~le}aýe% ․ Aexotá} ho jl aehu}xtal ~gt jg} ~tghumxg} gtbìeamg} ql |uo jl oa}xoemal ho to}ahug} ho lbtg|uæfamg} gdjabl l ~tgmo}g} aehu}xtaljo} lhamageljo} mg}xg}g}% ․ Soexl`l} ho}ho oj ~uexg ho sa}xl ho motmleæl bogbtìml ho jl} tobag& eo} hoj ìtol ho aeuoemal ho jg} ~taema~ljo} moextg} utdleg}% ․ Mgehamageo} ho lmmo}g ~tocotoemaljo} oe oj fltmg hoj Fotmg}ut ctoexo l jl} af~gtxlmageo} ho oxtlpgel%

ho aebto}g}% Oj mujxasg ho o}xg} tudtg} ~otfaxo hasot}amlmaýe ho }u lmxulj ~tghummaýe xámeamlfoexo ~g}adjo ~gt|uojlxaoeoe o~otaoemal oe mujxasg} aexoe}asg}% ․ O} ~g}adjo l }u sop mgf~jofoexlt mge o}xg} mujxasg} jg} mamjg} ho jl lbtamujxutl ho }ud}a}xoemal xtlhamagelj% ․ Mge to}~omxg lj clmxgt xaottl o} ~g}adjo }ojommagelt jl} pgel} hgeho jl} xaottl} ~uohoe }ot uxajaplhl} ~ltl mujxasg} gtbìeamg} aexoexlehg mafoexlt ho}ho jl gcotxl uel ae}otmaýe oe eamg} ho fotmlhg oe mtomafaoexg%

Hohlho

Lfoll

․ Sgjufoe ho gcot xl aehasahulj ae}umaoexo% ․ Mgemoextlmaýe ho of~to}l} mgf~tlhgtl}% ․ Cljxl ho ~ghot ho eobgmalmaýe mge jg} mgf~tlhgto}% ․ ^gml xtle}~ltoemal oe oj cuemagelfaoexg ho jg} fotmlhg}% ․ Cljxl ho aecgtflmaýe ho fotmlhg lj fgfoexg ho homahat jl }aofdtl% ․ Cuotxo} umxulmageo} ho jl gcotxl ~gt tlpgeo} mjafìxaml} q }u} mge& ․ Mujxutl ho tomgjommaýe |uo ~uoho lfoelplt oe ljbueg} ml}g} jl }u}& }omuoexo} ocomxg} }gdto jg} ~tomag}% xoexldajahlh ho jl lmxasahlh% ․ Gd}xìmujg} xámeamg} lj mgfotmag oe jg} ~taema~ljo} fotmlhg} +_eaýe ․ Cljxl ho mgextlxg} ho mujxasg af~uj}lhg} ho}ho jl cl}o ho mgfotmaljapl& Outg~ol! ho o}xg} ~tghumxg} +~tgadamaýe ho aextghummaýe ho euosl} o}~omao}!% maýe ho jl mlhoel% ․ Homaoemal} oe jl tobujlmaýe l easoj elmagelj |uo af~ahoe oj ho}l& ․ O}ml}op ho ml~axlj% ttgjjg hoj }omxgt% ․Jl ~gdjlmaýe gdòxasg eg o} }uòxg ho mtáhaxg ho jl} ae}xaxumageo} ele& maotl} tobujlhl}% ․ ôt}a}xoemal ho jl eg ltfgeaplmaýe ho jl tobujlmaýe l easoj ho jl to& baýe |uo xtldle oj ~gxoemalj mgfotmag aextl Fotmg}ut g uel osoexulj ․ ^tgqomxg} lexotagto} |uo xotfaeltge oe ctlml}g}% aexobtlmaýe ~ltl mgf~oxat oe jg} fotmlhg} oxtl tobageljo} ․ O~otaoemal} lexotagto} eoblxasl} oe xgteg l of~toehafaoexg} ho xa~g l}gmalxasg% ․ Cljxl ho ho}lttgjjg of~to}ltalj l easoj ho ~tghumxgto} ~otg xlfdaáe ho lboexo} udamlhg} oe jl} gxtl} cl}o} ho jl mlhoel +aehu}xtalj q mgfotmalj!% ․ Cljxl ho tomut}g} q lu}oemal} ho ~gjæxaml} ~ðdjaml} ~ltl oj ho}lttgjjg q hacu}aýe ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}% ․ O}ml}l ltxamujlmaýe hoj }omxgt ~taslhg mge jg} ~tgqomxg} ho aeso}xablmaýe%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] ?<


ÔT]ÔMXASL] HO JL ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL]

jL }GjuMae* ueL LbOeHL ^L}

_e ~tafot ~uexg l mge}ahotlt oe jl} ~gjæxaml} ~ðdjaml} hatommagelhl} klmal jl }gjumaýe ho jl} aeeufotldjo} hodaja& hlho} q lfoelpl} |uo lcomxle lj }omxgt o} |uo uel o}xtlxobal

ljxotelxasl fohamlfoexg}l tolj* oj ho}lttgjjg ho jl egtflxa& sl tobujlxgtal kl lmgf~lülhg oj ho}lttgjjg ho jg} xgxotì~a& mg} dl}ìehg}o oe oj mgegmafaoexg ho }u xg{amahlh q lmmaýe xotl~áuxaml%

}omxgtalj xaoeo |uo o}xlt oefltmlhl hoextg ho jg} jaeolfaoe& xg} fì} boeotljo} o}xldjomahg} ~gt oj O}xlhg%

Jg} ~læ}o} ho jl tobaýe ~gt }u ~ltxo* ~g}oohgto} oe }u flqg& tæl ho uel taml xtlhamaýe ho fohamael ~g~ujlt* kle lmgf& Oe o}o }oexahg* oj O}xlhg hodo ~tg~geot oe }u ‚Lboehl ~lülhg }ae ofdltbg oe }u egtflxasl hutlexo o}xg} ðjxafg} ^læ}‖ jl tolmxaslmaýe ho jl omgegfæl boeotlehg of~jog 4> lüg} oj ho}lttgjjg ho o}xg} mgemo~xg}* }u}xoexlhg} ~gt hoextg ho ue euosg fghojg ho ho}lttgjjg }u}xoexldjo* l}æ jg} moextg} omgeýfamg} fuehaljo}% Oe o}xo mgexo{xg* jl mgfg mgfdlxat jl ~gdtopl* jl mgttu~maýe q jl ae}obutahlh% lhko}aýe l uel u gxtl ~g}amaýe kl sltalhg oe mlhl ueg ho Mge}ahotlehg |uo oj ho}lttgjjg ho o}xo tudtg lbtæmgjl ~ghtæl ojjg} mge oj xtle}mut}g hoj xaof~g* jjobìehg}o l jl }axulmaýe cgtflt ~ltxo ho jl hasot}amlmaýe lbtæmgjl ~ltl jg} ~o|uoüg} lmxulj hgeho jl} ~g}amageo} }u}xoexlhl} ~gt jg} hg} btleho} ~tghumxgto} hoj ^ltlbulq* o} eomo}ltal jl af~jofoexlmaýe ho ~læ}o} ho jl tobaýe* Dtl}aj q Ltboexael* }o flxotaljaple oe ue ^tgbtlfl Elmagelj ho ^tghummaýe q Mgfotmaljaplmaýe egtflxasl} mgemo~xuljfoexo fuq ha}xaexl}% ^gt ojjg* jg} ho ^jlexl} Fohamaeljo} q Ltgfìxaml}% o}cuotpg} hoj Fotmg}ut ~gt ltfgeaplt jl egtflxasl }gdto oj xofl eg kle xoeahg á{axg% FLtMG tObujLXGtaG

Jl mtomaoexo af~gtxlemal |uo jg} xgxotì~amg} q jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} kle lh|uatahg oe jg} ðjxafg} lüg}* kl jjoslhg l jg} ha}xaexg} ~læ}o} q gtbleaplmageo} aexotelmageljo} ho~oe& haoexo} ho jl} Elmageo} _eahl}* oexto ojjl} jl Gtbleaplmaýe ho jl} Elmageo} _eahl} ~ltl jl Lbtamujxutl q jl Ljafoexl& maýe +CLG! q jl Gtbleaplmaýe Fuehalj ho jl ]ljuh +GF]!* l joba}jlt }gdto oj u}g q l~jamlmaýe ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}% O}xg }o kl lmgf~lülhg ~gt ue ho}lttgjjg fl} daoe leìt|ua& mg ho jl} tobjlfoexlmageo}* oexto jl} |uo }o ha}xaebuoe hg} mjltl} sæl}% ^gt ue jlhg o}xì jl xoehoemal af~otlexo oe jg} O}xlhg} _eahg}* hgeho jg} xgxotì~amg} mgfg xlj eg }ge tobujlhg} q }o oemuoextle hoextg ho uel egtflxasl lf~jal ho ‚}u& ~jofoexg} ljafoexamag}‖* hgeho eaebueg ho jg} ~tghum& xg} mgfotmaljaplhg} dl`g o}xo tudtg ~uohoe l}obutlt uel lmxasahlh xotl~áuxaml hoeahl% ]a ~toxoehoe l}obutlt uel lmxasahlh xotl~áuxaml hoeahl* hodotìe muf~jat mge jg} o}xtamxg} to|ua}axg} ho jl Lhfaea}xtlmaýe ho Fohamlfoexg} q Ljafoexg} +CHL ~gt }u }abjl oe aebjá}!% ^gt gxtg jlhg* oe Outg~l* hgeho oj u}g ho ~jlexl} q ~to& ~ltlhg} kotdltag} mge eo} xotl~áuxamg} ~g}oo uel btle xtlhamaýe q }ge lmo~xlhg} ~gt jl mgfueahlh fáhaml mgfg ?4 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

^taeMa^LjO} LMXGtO} jGMLjO}

․ L easoj ho ^ltlbulq* jg} fohamlfoexg}* aemjuqoehg jg} xgcìtflmg}* o}xìe tobujlhg} ~gt jl Joq <<<1'12 q ~gt oj Homtoxg 2884* Faea}xotag ho ]ljuh ^ðdjaml q Daoeo}xlt ]gmalj* hoj lüg 4>>>% ․ Hoextg hoj btu~g ho xgxotì~amg} o}xìe jg} fohamlfoexg} kotdltag}% ․ Jg} fohamlfoexg} xgxotì~amg} ho u}g xtlhamagelj xaoeoe |uo ~to}oexlt mgextgj ho mljahlh ho jl htgbl soboxlj q hoj ~tghumxg xotfaelhg% Eg klq duoel} ~tìmxaml} ho fleuclm& xutl} +D^F! o}~omæml} ho xgxotì~amg}% ․ Jg} jldgtlxgtag} }ge ae}~ommagelhg} }abuaoehg jl} egtfl} ho D^F boeotljo}% ․ Klq 4< jldgtlxgtag} elmageljo} |uo ~tghumoe fohamlfoe& xg} xgxotì~amg} q }gjg ? muf~joe mge D^F% O}xg} jldgtl& xgtag} xlfdaáe ojldgtle o}~omaljahlho} cltflmáuxaml}% ․ Klq 3 jldgtlxgtag} elmageljo} |uo }gjg ojldgtle xgxotì~a& mg} q ho o}xg} }gjg < muf~jo mge D^F%


ÔT]ÔMXASL] HO JL ^TGH_MMAÝE HO KAOTDL]

jL GtbLeapLMae FueHaLj HO jL }LjuH

ho Htgbl} +<11
Hlhg oj oegtfo af~lmxg |uo jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ~tghumxg} xgxotl~áuxamg} xaoeoe oe jl }ljuh ho jl ~gdjlmaýe fuehalj* o}~omaljfoexo oe ~læ}o} foeg} ho}lttgjjlhg}* jl

To}oltmk Buahojaeo} cgt Osljulxaeb xko ]lcoxq leh O& mlmq gc Kotdlj Fohamaeo} +<11=!%

Gtbleaplmaýe Fuehalj ho jl ]ljuh +GF]! kl l~gqlhg oj o}xuhag ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ~tghumxg} xgxotl~áuxa& mg} ~gt fì} ho 8> lüg}%

Duoel} ^tìmxaml} ho Fleuclmxutl ho jl GF]% Egtfl}

O}xg} o}cuotpg} kle ldltmlhg xghl} jl} ìtol} ho ho}lttgjjg* ~otg }o jo kl hlhg btle áecl}a} ljg} l}~omxg} egtflxasg}* mtaxotag } ho `lmaýe ho mljahlh* }obutahlh q omlmal q l jl ltfgeaplmaýe ho jl} tobjlfoexlmageo} oexto hacotoexo} ~ltxo} hoj fuehg%

Buæl ~ltl jl Cgtfujlmaýe ho ^gjæxaml} Elmageljo} ~ltl ^jle& xl} Fohamaeljo} +<118!%Oe jl fa}fl }oho}xlml oj af~gtxlexo

Mgfg oòf~g o ~oho mxl0 8>l L}lfdjol Fuehalj ho jl ]ljuh +<1;2!% ]o toltfltge

jg} ~taema~ljo} ~uexg} ho jl} to}gjumageo} ~tomohoexo} q jl} tomgfoehlmageo} cgtfujlhl} oe <12; oe jl Mgecotoemal Aexotelmagelj }gdto jl Lxoemaýe ^tafltal ho jl ]ljuh* o ae}xý l jg} o}xlhg} faofdtg} l of~toehot ~tgbtlfl} |uo mgexof~joe jl ahoexamlmaýe* osljulmaýe* ~to~ltlmaýe* mujxasg q mge}otslmaýe ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} uxajaplhl} oe fohamael xtlhamagelj* l}æ mgfg l}obutlt oj mgextgj ho mljahlh ho jg} fohamlfoexg} hotaslhg} ho ojjl}* l~jamlehg xámeaml} fghotel}* egtfl} l~tg~alhl} q ~tìmxaml} mgttomxl} ho cldtamlmaýe% To}gjumaýe RKG 84%8= +<1;1!%]o aesaxl l jg} ~læ}o} faofdtg} l toljaplt uel osljulmaýe mgf~toe}asl ho jg} }a}xofl} xtlhamageljo} ho }ljuh* oe o}~omalj jg lxaeoexo l jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}* l ocomxg} ho mgecommagelt uel ja}xl ho o}& ~omao} l }ot aemgt~gtlhl} oejl} Cltflmg~ol} Elmageljo}* |uo }o lù}xoe l jg} o}xìehlto} ho omlmal* }obutahlh q mljahlh% AS Mgecotoemal Aexotelmagelj }gdtoLuxgtahlho} Tobujlxg& tal} ho Htgbl} +<1;3&<1;1!% ]o aesaxl l jl GF] l ~to~ltlt

ue fghojg ho buæl |uomgexoebl jg} ojofoexg} eomo}ltag} q cuehlfoexljo} ~ltl joba}jlt qtoba}xtlt o}xo xa~g ho~tghumxg}%

mgf~jofoexltal} ~ltl jl cldtamlmaýe ho jg} ~tghumxg} ho fohamlfoexg} kotdltag} +<11=!%

~l~oj |uo xaoeoe jl} kaotdl} oextl}xgteg} |uo lcomxle l btle ~ltxo ho jl kufleahlh% Oj ~taema~lj gdòxasg ho o}xl euosl buæl o} oj tomgegmafaoexg ho jl fohamael xtlhamageljmgfg ~ltxo aexobtlexo oe jg} }a}xofl} xtlhamageljo} ho jl }ljuh% Tobujlxgtq ]axulxage gc Kotdlj Fohamaeo} ae xko Rgtjh +<11;!% Hgmufoexg |uo }oüljl oj o}xlhg lmxulj ho jl tobjl&

foexlmaýe ho xgxotì~amg} oe xghg oj fuehg% ]o hle ~luxl} ho hoeamageo} ho fohamlfoexg} xgxotì~amg} q gxtg} fltmg} tobujlxgtag}% Fgegbtlcæl} ]ojommagelhl} ho ^jlexl} Fohamaeljo} += XGFG]! +4>>>!% ]o toljaple jl} fgegbtlcæl} ho ljtohohgt

ho 2> ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} ho xghg oj fuehg* |uo aemjuqoe mgf~g}amageo} |uæfaml}* mgextgjo} ho mljahlh l l~jamlt* osljulmageo} xg{amgjýbaml}* oe}lqg} cltflmgjýbamg}* oxm% Buæl Boeotlj ho Foxghgjgbæl} ~ltl jl Aeso}xablmaýe q Osljulmaýe ho jl Fohamael Xtlhamagelj +4>>>!%Aemjuqo

xghg ue ml~æxujg ~ltl jl toljaplmaýe ho mgextgjo} ho mljahlh* }obutahlh q omlmal* mgfg l}æ xlfdaáe ~ltl oj ha}oüg ho oe}lqg} mjæeamg} mge o}~omao} fohamaeljo}% O}xtlxobal ho jl GF] }gdto Fohamael Xtlhamagelj +4>>4&

Buahojaeo} cgt xko L}}o}foex gc Kotdlj Fohamaeo} +<11
4>>?!% Oj ðjxafg hgmufoexg ho jl GF] o{~jaml mýfg lslepl oe xghg} jg} ~læ}o} jl aemgt~gtlmaýe ho jg} }a}xofl} xtlhamageljo} ho }ljuh +~jlexl} fohamaeljo}* lmu~uexutl q elxutl~lxæl* cuehlfoexljfoexo! oe jg} ~tgbtlfl} o}xlxljo} ho }ljuh%

~tgqomxg ‚Buæl ho Tomgfoehlmageo} }gdto Kaotdl} Fo& hamaeljo}‖* oj mulj cuo mge}oe}ulhg q l~tgdlhg oe jl SA Mgecotoemal Aexotelmagelj }gdto Luxgtahlho} Tobujlxgtal}

Tobujlxgtq ]axulxage gc Kotdlj Fohamaeo}0 L rgtjhraho Tosaor rkg Xtlhaxagelj Fohamaeo Ho~ltxfoex +4>>?!%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] ?=



^of~ol ho xg o l ~lxl clmmglhgl ho l of~ol Lll%

?8 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]


MGEMJ_]AGEO] Q TOMGFOEHLMAGEO]

O

j ~to}oexo xtldl`g ~otfaxo mgemjuat |uo oj ^ltlbulq xaoeo mgehamageo} boeotljo} ~ltl jl ~tghummaýe ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml}% Oj mjafl clsgtldjo* ha}~geadajahlh ho xaottl}* fleg ho gdtl lduehlexo q dltlxl* mgegmafaoexg of~ætamg ho jl cgtfl ho ~tghummaýe q jl lmo~& xlmaýe l easoj ho jl ~gdjlmaýe oe boeotlj* klmoe |uo o}xo tu& dtg ~uohl cgtflt ~ltxo ho jl hasot}amlmaýe lbtæmgjl hoj ~læ}% Jg} ho}lcæg} |uo oj }omxgt hodo }gtxolt }ge eufotg}g}% Oexto ojjg} }o ~uohoe maxlt jl cljxl ho mge}otslmaýe ho jl} o}~omao}* o}~omaljfoexo jl} |uo o}xìe oe sæl} ho o{xaemaýe* oj mgegma& faoexg maoexæmg hoj fleo`g lbtgeýfamg ho jl} hacotoexo} o}~omao}* jl cljxl ho xámeamg} o}~omalja}xl} q jl lu}oemal ho ~tgbtlfl} q ~tgqomxg} o}~omæmg}% Eg gd}xlexo* lmxuljfoexo ql o{a}xoe ljbueg} mgegmafaoe& xg} oe jg} aehamlhgto} ho fleo`g hoj mujxasg ho o}xo tudtg lbtæmgjl |uo eomo}axle }ot fo`gtlhg} q lf~jalhg}% Oe xátfaeg} mgf~ltlxasg} oj mgfotmag ho jl} ~jlexl} fo& hamaeljo} to}ujxl fuq ~gmg }abeamlxasg% Ka}xýtamlfoexo q oe jl lmxuljahlh* jl gcotxl q hoflehl aexotelmagelj ho o}xg} tudtg} l easoj jgmlj }ge }uflfoexo dl`l} q oe ljbueg} ml}g} aeo{a}xoexo}% Jl} o{~gtxlmageo} o af~gtxlmageo} tobageljo} lbtoblhl} xaoeoe uel ~ltxama~lmaýe lðe fì} dl`l oe oj xgxlj hoj mgfotmag tobagelj q jg fa}fg ~l}l mge mlhl ueg ho jg} ~læ}o} hoj Fotmg}ut% ]a daoe jl} ~ot}~omxasl} ho fotmlhg }ge lu}~amag}l} ~ltl o}xg} tudtg}* o{a}xoe gd}xìmujg} ~ltl |uo l|uojjl} }o xtle}& cgtfoe oe mgttaoexo} mtomaoexo} q }g}xoeahl} ho mgfotmag +aeo}xldajahlh ho jg} fotmlhg}* xtldl} eg ltlemojltal}* cljxl ho ltfgeaplmaýe ho egtfl}!% Gxtg} gd}xìmujg} mge}~atle l}afa}fg ~ltl uel boeuael ltxamujlmaýe oe jl mlhoel ho

o}xg} ~tghumxg} +xghg} jg} tocotahg} l duoel} ~tìmxaml} ho ~tghummaýe lbtæmgjl* cljxl ho ho}lttgjjg of~to}ltalj* cljxl ho ltxamujlmaýe mge jl cl}o mgfotmalj o aehu}xtalj!% O}xg} clmxgto} eg hodoe aexot~toxlt}o mgfg ~tgdjofl} }ae }gjumaýe* ~otg }æ ~otfaxoe }oüljlt jl mgf~joàhlh ho jl }a& xulmaýe* ~ltl |uo ho o}xo fghg* l ~ltxat hoj cgfoexg ho o}xo tudtg* ~uohle boeotlt}o }gjumageo} |uo fo`gtoe jg} aebto& }g} ho jl ~gdjlmaýe tutlj oe cgtfl }g}xoeahl oe oj xaof~g% Ljotxle xlfdaáe }gdto oj tao}bg ho uel aexotsoemaýe |uo* du}mlehg to}gjsot jg} ~tgdjofl} omgeýfamg} ho o}xo }omxgt ho jl ~gdjlmaýe* xotfaeo boeotlehg oj ocomxg mgextltag* o}& ~omaljfoexo mulehg }o mgfdaele jg} ~tgqomxg} ~tghumxasg} mge elemalfaoexg mtohaxamag% ^gt jg xlexg* }o tomgfaoehl uel o}xtlxobal oe hgeho jg} o}xæfujg} ~l}oe ~gt0 & _el flqgt hasot}amlmaýe ~tghumxasl ho jl} eml}* oe hgeho oj mujxasg ho o}xl} o}~omao} cgtfo ~ltxo ho uel ‚ml& el}xl lf~jalhl‖* |uo oe hoeaxasl tohupml oj tao}bg af~jæma& xg oe jl cl}o ~tghumxasl% & _e áecl}a} oe jl} fghljahlho} ho ~tghummaýe gtbìeaml* aexoexlehg hacotoemalt jl ~tghummaýe q eg mgf~oxat oe jg} fotmlhg} fì} xtlhamageljo}% & O{~otaoemal} ho xa~g ~ajgxg |uo ~otfaxle at mgttabaoehg jl o}xtlxobal lexo} ho aemgt~gtlt btle eðfotg ho ~tghumxgto}* oxl~l |uo }ýjg xoehtæl jublt }a jl o{~otaoemal o} o{axg}l q }o osljðl mgfg clmxadjo oj lufoexg ho o}mljl% & ]g}xoeot ueahlho} xámeaml} ho l~gqg oe oj ìtol ho mgfot& maljaplmaýe |uo ~otfaxle oj fgeaxgtog ~otfleoexo ho jl} ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] ??


TOMGFOEHLMAGEO] Q MGEMJ_]AGEO]

o{~otaoemal} q jl aextghummaýe ho mlfdag} |uo faeafamoe jg} tao}bg} |uo }o boeotle oe o}xl cl}o mjlso ~ltl oj á{axg ho jl} o{~otaoemal}%

& Aextghumat jl ml~lmaxlmaýe oe duoel} ~tìmxaml} lbtæmgjl} q ho ~tghummaýe q }u mgtto}~gehaoexo fgeaxgtog xámeamg% & L}obutlt fomlea}fg} ho elemalfaoexg |uo ~tosole mgdot&

& Oemltlt jl cl}o ho mgfotmaljaplmaýe ho fleotl ~tgco}agelj osaxlehg }gjumageo} |uo }ýjg l~uexoe l jl ~ltxama~lmaýe% Jl l}gmalmaýe o} uel cgtfl ho gtbleaplmaýe q jl} o}xtlxobal} ~ltxama~lxasl} ~uohoe }ot ho fumkg sljgt* ~otg eg bltlexa& ple uel }gjumaýe lj ~tgdjofl ho jl mgfotmaljaplmaýe%


?3 ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

xutl} ~ltl tao}bg} eg aekotoexo} l jl bo}xaýe o}~omæml ho jg} ~tghumxgto} +tao}bg} mjafìxamg}* hocomxg} ho ha}oüg ho jl} aeamal& xasl} af~uj}lhl} ho}ho oj ~tgbtlfl* oxm!% O}xg klmo tomgfoe& hldjo eg at l cgtfl} xtlhamageljo} ho mtáhaxg g ~gt jg foeg} mgfdaeltjg mge xtlfg} ho ml~axlj }ofajjl* cgehg ~othahg* oxm%


HATOMMAGELTAG ae}XaXuMaGeO} q GtbLeapLMaGeO} ^djaML} q ^tasLHL} saeMujLHL} L jL ^tGHuMMae HO kaOtdL} Oe ^LtLbuLq Faea}xotag ho Lbtamujxutl q Blelhotæl +FLB!

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg q cl{0 +?1?4
_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?4
_damlmaýe0 ]le Jgtoepg Xojácgeg0 +?1?4=4'== Cl{0 +?1?4=< Hatommaýe Boeotlj ho ^jleamlmaýe +HB^ ' FLB!

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?4 q 81= 142 Cl{0 +?1?4
_damlmaýe0 ]le Jgtoepg Xojácgeg q Cl{0 +?1?4 Hatommaýe ho Aeso}xablmaýe Lbtæmgjl +HAL ' FLB!

_damlmaýe0 ]le Jgtoepg Xojácgeg0 +?1?4

Cohotlmaýe ho Mgg~otlxasl} ho ^tghummaýe hoj ^ltlbulq Jxhl% +COMG^TGH!

Faea}xotag ho Aehu}xtal q Mgfotmag +FAM!

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?&4 Flaj0 hleaojNelxutax%mgf

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg q Cl{0 +?1?&4? O&flaj0 comg~tghNlmxasoeox%mgf%~q Lmxasahlh0 L}a}xoemal xámeaml l l}gmalhg}* mgfotmaljaplmaýe

_damlmaýe0 Fa}ageo} Xojácgeg0 +?1?&;
_]LAH ^ltlbulq Soeho

XOJEOX ]%L%

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?48 =14 Rod0 rrr%~ltlbulqsoeho%mgf%~q Oflaj0 aecgN~ltlbulqsoeho%mgf%~q Lmxasahlh0 Clmajaxlmaýe hoj mgfotmag* l}a}xoemal xámeaml ~ltl boeotlmaýe ho soexl} oe of~to}l} ~taslhl}

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?&442?; Flaj0 ùlemltjg}N}xosal~ltlbulqg%mgf%~q

Ljalbl ]%L%

_damlmaýe0 Sajjl Oja}l Xojácgeg0 +?1? 4 Oflaj0 soexl}Nljalbl%mgf%~q Rod0 rrr%ljalbl%mgf%~q

Jldgtlxgtag q kotdgta}xotæl ]lexl Fltbltaxl

Qotdl Flxo Mlf~o}aeg

_damlmaýe0 Axl~ðl Xojácgeg0 +?1?&242;2 Famioq

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?&4=>8? L%@% Saotma

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?&4>

Kaotdl~lt

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1? 4
Aholj ]%T%J%

_damlmaýe0 ]le Jgtoepg Xojácgeg0 +?1?&44<2 Foqot ]%L%M%

Lbtg~gxq ]%T%J

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojocl{0 +?1?4>>

Elxutax

_damlmaýe0 Sajjlttaml Xojácgeg0 +?1?&?8
Toh ho Af~gtxlhgto} q O{~gtxlhgto} +TOHAO[!

@lfo} Ljjoe Flq

_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojocl{0 +?1?4
_damlmaýe0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1?&4

Faea}xotag ho ]ljuh ^ðdjaml q Daoeo}xlt ]gmalj

Mgfo{ae

_damlhg0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1? 483><'=

_damlmaýe0 ]le Jgtoepg Xojácgeg0 +?1?&4>

_damlmaýe0 Mllbulpð Xojácgeg0 +?1?&?44! 8>383 Mg~lj}l

_damlmaýe0 Jaf~ag Xojácgeg0 +?1?&1;>

Ae}xaxuxg Elmagelj ho Xomegjgbæl

Egtfljaplmaýe q Foxtgjgbæl +AEXE! _damlhg0 L}uemaýe Xojácgeg0 +?1? 4<3>

Toh Tutlj


DADJAGBTLCÆL ]LBq^L* ]omtoxltæl ho Lbtamujxutl* Blelhotæl* ô}ml q Ljafoexlmaýe ho jl Elmaýe CAHL ' _EG^]* O}xuhag hoj fotmlhg tobagelj o aexotelmagelj ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} o ae}ufg} ~ltl xgxotì~amg}% @ueag*4>>3% FLB&]ud}omtoxltæl ho O}xlhg ho Lbtamujxutl% HA]O & ]le Jgtoepg* 4>>8% Býfop Ae}ctìe* C%M% O}xuhag} ho ~g}adajahlho} ho ho}lttgjjg q hacu}aýe ho jl} ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} q ltgfìxaml} oe oj ^ltlbulq% Hoboe T%* Dl}uljhg A%* ]gtal E% Flklda} ^% Bu~xl q Ìebojl Mljhotýe* O}xlhg hoj ltxo }gdto uxajaplmaýe aehu}xtalj ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} oe jl Tobaýe Lehael% Jafl ” Gmxudto* 4>>3% ^jlexl} Fohamaeljo} q Ltgfìxaml}* Faea}xotag ho Lbtamujxutl* Cuehlmaýe ~ltl jl aeegslmaýe lbtltal% Duoeg} Lato}* 4>>1% Oj Fotmlhg ho jl _eaýe Outg~ol ~ltl kaotdl} q o}~omal}* Fltpg* 4>>1% ^jle ho ~tgfgmaýe }omxgtalj* Kaotdl} Ltgfìxaml}% Cuehlmaýe O{~gtxlt* 4>>;% O% Fgto ^ljg}* L% Mgjgf Bgtbuo}* Ha}xtadumaýe Mgfotmalj ho ^jlexl} Ltgfìxaml} q Fohamaeljo} oe Mlxljuül & Jjoahl* 4>>4% Fleulj ho Caxg~tgxommaýe q Leìja}a} ho ^jlbuamahl}% Mujxasg ho ^jlexl} Fohamaeljo} q Ltgfìxaml}* Cuehlmaýe Mkofgeam} Mgjgfdal ” Hamaofdto* 4>>=% Mujxasg ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo}* Bgdaoteg hoj O}xlhg ho ûodjl9 ]omtoxltæl ho Ho}lttgjjg Tutlj% ^jlexl} Fohamaeljo} oe Dgjasal* O}xlhg ho Ltxo* Gtbleaplmaýe ho jl} Elmageo} _eahl} ~ltl Ho}lttgjjg Aehu}xtalj* Jl ^lp & Oeotg* 4>>2% Fotmlhg ho O{~gtxlmaýe ho kaotdl} ltgfìxaml} q o}~omal}* AEXL* Foehgpl* 4>>1% FLB* Hatommaýe Boeotlj ho ^jleamlmaýe* Aecgtflmageo} Dì}aml} ~ltl jl Pgeamlmaýe Lbtgomgjýbaml* ^ltlbulq & Flqg* <111% Hagea}ag F% Bgepìjop Xgtto}* Mlxìjgbg ho ~jlexl} fohamaeljo} u}lhl} oe ^ltlbulq* L}uemaýe* <112% Fltæl S% @afáeop ox ljj* ^jlexl} fohamaeljo} ho xto} ìtol} }ajso}xto} ~tgxobahl} q }u pgel ho aeuoemal oe oj }uto}xo ho ^ltlbulq* L}uemaýe & ]oxaofdto* 4>>1%

}aXaG} ROd MGe}ujXLHG}0

․ rrr%ltxamujg}%aecg`lthae%mgf'ltdu}xg}'o}|uoò}&o}xlml} ․ Lbtgljafoexg} Ltboexaeg} AA* Ltgflxamg}* LLMTOL% ․ rrr%}lxgm%gtb%~q'fohamaeljo} ․ rrr%}ex%mgf%~q'egxamaotg}'flblpaeo<=<<>8%~hc ․ rrr%pggxomegmlf~g%mgf'cgtglbt'cgtuf3'KXFJ'>>>>2>%kxfj ․ rrr%flb%bgs%~q'aeho{%~k~7~lb ․ rrr%aecglbtg%mgf

?; ^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML]

G OH F J G T L ]O M ' O H E O S Q L _ B L T L ^


^lxo ho xg o }l ôhg%

^JLEXL] FOHAMAELJO] Q LTGFÌXAML] ?1


u}LaH ^LtLbuLq sOeHO Hatommaýe0 Ojabag Lqljl <24; m' Tml% Ctlemo}l* L}uemaýe* ^ltlbulq Xojácgeg0 )?1?&4<&44; 338'? O&flaj0 aecgN~ltlbulqsoeho%mgf%~q Rod0 rrr%~ltlbulqsoeho%mgf%~q

PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMÁTICAS - UNA ALTERNATIVA DE PRODUCCIÓN COMERCIAL - USAID - MAYO 2010 - PORTALGUARANI

Recommend Documents