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TITLE: Plan &Design HYPOTHESIS: 3 different brands of black permanent markers consist of the same components. AIM: To determine the components of 3 different different brands of permanent . APPARATUS/ MATERIALS: Paper Mate Black Permanent Marker Sharpie Black Permanent Marker Faber Castell Black Permanent Marker Ethyl alcohol(ethanol) 3 strips of Filter paper (7.5cm x 2.5 cm) Ruler 3 250 cm3 beakers Paper Pencil PROCEDURE: 1. Draw a horizontal line from the bottom edge of the paper and place a dot at the centre. 2. Add 10 ml ethanol in a beaker. 3. Place the it in the , ensuring that the spot is above the liquid Level. 4. After the alcohol travelled up the chromatogram remove it from the alcohol. 5. Mark with a pencil the position of each component separated. 6. Repeat for the other two. 7. Label where each component was most concentrated. 8.The retention factor (Rf) of each componen t was calculated using the formula: Rf =Distance travelled by component÷Distance travelled by solvent (solvent front) Diagram:
VARIABLES: Controlled: alcohol, size of filter paper ,ink dots. Manipulated: Markers Responding: Components Data to be Collected: Number of Components
Sharpie Retention Factor of Components
Colour of Components
Number of Components
Paper Mate Retention Factor of Components
Colour of Components
Number of Components
Faber-Castell Retention Factor of Components
Colour of Components
TREATMENT OF RESULTS: Calculate the retention factor of each component. EXPECTED RESULTS: Table showing whether or not components are present in the 3 markers. Component Sharpie Paper Mate
Faber-Castell
TREATMENT OF RESULTS: If the chromatograms present different components of varying Retention factors, colours and amount of components, the hypothesis is rejected. If the chromatograms present the same components of the same Retention factors, colours and amount of components, the hypothesis is supported. PRECAUTIONS: 1. Keeping the base line above the water. 2. Keeping the marker spot a reasonable size ,not to small to make them difficult to see and not too large to cause spots to streak. Assumptions: 1.The ink spot used is the most effective size. 2.The ink spots are uniform size. Sources of error: 1.Human error when determining concentrated area with the naked eye 2.Parallax when taking measurements on the filter paper Limitations: 1.Keeping the base line above alcohol level 2.Keeping chromatogram straight
