T^JO^BE H^LB]AWA]BS EB@BSAS_B
HBTBF FBQB^ KLFBQBK MLKOBK LKL^OA TBKLF S\^QB MBK ]\^NAK BKOAK
Nambko Hloabtbk9 THE-O]
Mausufhbk Jfl`9
Grbksashus Pbvlraus Lkracj
>42=2244=
SLHJFB@ ]AKOOA ]LHKAH TFK IBHB^]B >42<
Bkohbtbk >42=
TLKOLSB@BK THE OBOBSBK ]L^]\FAS 2.
Iumuf Hloabtbk
9
>. 3.
Nambko Hloabtbk Hltub Tlfbhsbkb Hloabtbk b. Kbeb flkohbp n. KAE c. Iurusbk m. \kavlrsatbs/Akstatut/Tjfatlhkah l. Bfbebt ^ueb` mbk Kj ]lfp./@T g. Bfbebt lebaf =. Bkoojtb Tlfbhsbkb Hloabtbk/Tlkufas <. Mjslk Tlkmbepako . b. Kbeb Flkohbp mbk Olfbr n. KAMK c. Bfbebt ^ueb` mbk Kj ]lfp./@T
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk Mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk ]urnak Bkoak THE-O] Grbksashus Pbvlraus Lkracj >42=2244= Lflhtrj Slhjfb` ]akooa ]lhkah TFK gxlkracj7<0Doebaf.cje
9 9 9
Ibhbrtb, 22 Ebrlt >42< Elkyltuiua _bhaf/Tlenbktu Mlhbk btbu Hltub Iurusbk/Mlpbrtlelk/Trjorbe Stuma/ Tlenaenako \kat Hloabtbk Eb`bsaswb
Hltub Tlfbhsbkb Hloabtbk
( KAT/KAH.
( KAT/KAH.
)
_bhaf ^lhtjr Nambko Hleb`bsaswbbk/
)
Mjslk Tlkmbepako
Marlhtur Tjfatlhkah/ Hltub Slhjfb` ]akooa,
( KAT/KAH.
)
( KAT/KAH.
)
aa
HB]B TLKOBK]B^
Tlrtbeb-tbeb plkufas elkoucbphbk puia mbk syuhur hlpbmb ]u`bk QEL, ybko slfbfu elfaepb`hbk rb`ebt mbk hbrukab Kyb, sl`akoob plkufas mbpbt elkylflsbahbk hbryb tufas aka mlkobk nbah mbk tlpbt wbhtu. Tlkufasbk aka matuiuhbk uktuh THE – O] mlkobk iumuf9 ‖Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk ]urnak Bkoak― slnboba sjfusa uktuh elkourbkoa hltlrobktukobk nb`bk nbhbr eakybh pbmb klfbybk, sl`akoob nasb elrlbfasbsahbk prjylh lklroa tlrnbruhbk ybko rbeb` fakohukobk. Tlkufas elkybmbra hbryb tufas aka tambh bhbk slflsba tbkpb nbktubk mbra nlrnboba pa`bh. Jfl` hbrlkb atu plkufas akoak elkoucbphbk tlraeb hbsa` hlpbmb9 2. Tlenbktu ^lhtjr Nambko Bhbmleah mbk Hleb`bsaswbbk, btbs nbktubk ejrbf mbk ebtlraaf ybko manlrahbk8 >. Nbpbh/Anu pbrb Mjslk ]lhkah Lflhtrj S]] – TFK ybko tlfb` nlrhlkbk elenlrahbk afeukyb hlpbmb plkufas mlkobk tufus ah`fbs8 3. Nlrnboba pa`bh ybko tlfb` elenbktu mbfbe prjsls tlrslflsbahbkkyb hbryb tufas aka. Tlkufas elkybmbra hbryb tufas aka tambh fuput mbra nlrnboba hlhurbkobk, uktuh atu plkufas elko`brbphbk sbrbk mbk hratah ybko elenbkouk mlea hlslepurkbbk mbk plrnbahbk hbryb afeab` aka.
Ibhbrtb, 22 Ebrlt >42<
Tlkufas
3
MBG]B^ ASA
@bfbebk Iumuf...........................................................................................................................a @bfbebk Tlkolsb`bk.................................................................................................................aa Hbtb Tlkobktbr ..........................................................................................................................aaa Mbgtbr Asa ............................................................................................................................................. av Mbgtbr ]bnlf ..............................................................................................................................v Mbgtbr Obenbr...........................................................................................................................v ^akohbsbk..................................................................................................................................va
TLKMB@\F\BK
Fbtbr Nlfbhbko Ebsbfb`. ........................................................................................................... 2 ]uiubk mbk Ebkgbbbt Tlkufasbk. ...............................................................................................2
OBOBSBK
Hjkmasa Hlhakabk ......................................................................................................................> Sjfusa ybko Tlrkb` Mafbhuhbk ..................................................................................................3 Obobsbk Nbru ybko Matbwbrhbk ................................................................................................3 Ta`bh ybko Mbpbt Elkoaepflelktbsahbk Obobsbk ..................................................................?
HLSAET\FBK
Hjkslp Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk Mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb Mbk Ebtb`bra...............................? Fbkohb` Strbtloas Aepflelktbsa Obobsbk.................................................................................0 Trlmahsa hlnlr`bsafbk Obobsbk. .................................................................................................0
MBG]B^ T\S]BHB ............................................................................................................. 1 FBETA^BK .............................................................................................................................1
=
MBG]B^ ]BNLF
]bnlf 2. Tbrbeltlr Hlfleb`bk Sjfusa ybko Matbwbrhbk .......................................................3
MBG]B^ OBENB^
Obenbr 2. ^bkcbkobk hbpbf fbybr klfbybk mlkobk lklroa pbklf suryb mbk turnak bkoak .......3
<
^AKOHBSBK
Mlwbsb aka `brob nb`bk nbhbr eakybh slebhak eb`bf mbk fbkohb slarako mlkobk slebhak elkapaskyb prjmuhsa eakybh elktb` mukab mbk elkakohbtkyb hlnutu`bk bhbk nb`bk nbhbr, tlrebsuh ma Akmjklsab. Hjkmasa aka, bhbk nlrmbepbh nbah fbkosuko ebupuk tambh fbkosuko tlr`bmbp hl`amupbk ebsybrbhbt. ]lrutbeb nboa ebsybrbhbt klfbybk ybko elebko sbkobt tlrobktuko hlpbmb nb`bk nbhbr eakybh uktuh elkbkohbp ahbk. ]lrmbpbt nbkybh gbhtjr elkobpb hlnutu`bk nbhbr eakybh slebhak sufat mbk eb`bf mlwbsb aka, bktbrb fbak gbhtjr prjmuhsa eakybh elktb` ybko ebhak elkuruk, gbhtjr hjksuesa slnboba bhanbt elkakohbtkyb hlkmlrbbk nlrejtjr mbk usb`b fbakkyb, gbhtjr lhjkjea ma ebkb tlrmbpbt ebsybrbhbt ybko elkaenuk nb`bk nbhbr eakybh uktuh maebkgbbthbk pbmb sbbt `brob eakybh kbah slrtb gbhtjr tlrnbtbskyb lklroa tlrnbruhbk slnboba sunsatusa (plkoobkta) nb`bk nbhbr eakybh. \ktuh atu, plelraktb` mbk ebsybrbhbt plrfu elkcbra bftlrkbtag mbk tlrjnjsbk nbru uktuh elkobtbsa ebsbfb` eakybh slnboba nb`bk nbhbr ybko slebhak eb`bf mbk fbkohb mlkobk elkcaptbhbk nlrnboba lklroa tlrnbruhbk slplrta Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra. Obobsbk tlr`bmbp plkooukbbk lklroa aka, slfbak nlrebkgbbt elkourbkoa hlnutu`bk bhbk nbhbr eakybh ybko slebhak eb`bf mbk fbkohb iuob mbpbt elkobktasapbsa hltlrnbtbsbk suenlr mbyb aka mahleumabk `bra. Bpbfboa plelraktb` Hbnaklt Hlrib sbbt aka slmbko eleprajratbshbk plenbkoukbk ma slhtjr hlebrataebk, ma ebkb sbfb` sbtu prjorbe prajratbs ybko bhbk mahlenbkohbk bmbfb` ma nambko plrahbkbk mbk hlfbutbk, ebhb sumb` sbbtkyb aml Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra plrfu mahlenbkohbk slcbrb sastlebtas mbk elkylfuru` (`jfastah) tlrutbeb nboa pbrb Klfbybk. Tlelraktb` Akmjklsab slnlfuekyb tbepbh nlfue sukoou`-sukoou` elkolenbkohbk lklroy tlrnbruhbk nb`hbk clkmlruko ‖sltlkob` `bta―, wbfbupuk hlnaibhbk tlrhbat mlkobk `bf aka sumb` maebsuhhbk hl mbfbe prjorbe ^lkcbkb Tlenbkoukbk Ibkohb Elklkob` (^TIE) mbk ^lkcbkb Tlenbkoukbk Ibkohb Tbkibko (^TIT) kbeuk ma mbfbe plkolenbkobk mbk aepflelktbsa tbepbh flna` nbkybh wbcbkb mbra pbmb takmbhbk kybtb. Tlelraktb` `bkyb tlrus nlrusb`b uktuh elksunsama nlksak, ybko pbmb mbsbrkyb tlrebsuh elrupbhbk lklroy ybko tambh tlrnbruhbk. Bhanbtkyb ebsbfb` nb`bk nbhbr aka puk tambh bhbk plrkb` tlrslflsbahbk. Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra elrupbhbk hjkslp Hbpbf lklroa tlrnbruhbk ybko elkooukbhbk hjkslp ‖lklroa nlrhlfbkiutbk mbk rbeb` fakohukobk― Hjkslp aka elkbwbrhbk plkooukbbk nlnlrbpb lklroa ybko pbmb mbsbrkyb elfaepb`, slplrta lklroa bkoak, lklroa pbklf suryb mbk lklroa turnak bkoak. Lklroa tlrnbruhbk aka elebko sumb` plrkb` marlbfasbsahbk pbmb hbpbf klfbybk, `bkyb sbib pbmb mbsbrkyb ebsa` elkooukbhbk sbtu lklroy, sl`akoob hbpbf klfbybk lklroa tlrnbruhbk puk nlfue cuhup ebhsaebf, hbrlkb hlnutu`bk lklroa ybko tambh tlrcuhupa. Ma`brbphbk mlkobk plkooukbbk hjkslp Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk ]urnak Bkoak, sjfusa uktuh elkoobktahbk hltlrobktukobk klfbybk tlr`bmbp nb`bk nbhbr eakybh mbpbt slolrb tlrlbfasbsa, slhbfaous iuob uktuh elkibob hlflstbrabk fakohukobk ybko tlrnlnbs mbra pjfusa. 7
TLKMB@\F\BK Fbtbr Nlfbhbko Ebsbfb`
Akmjklsab bmbfb` klobrb ebratae ybko tlrfltbh ma nlkub Bsab nboabk tlkoobrb. Akmjklsab eleafaha nlrbklhb rbobe hlhbybbk mbk suenlr mbyb fbut. Eufba mbra wafbyb` plrbarbk ybko elenlktbko mbra uiuko nbrbt sbepba taeur, suenlr mbyb plrahbkbk ybko sbkobt elfaepb`, mbk pjtlksa – pjtlksa nb`bra ybko tlrslnbr ma mbfbekyb. Nbkybh ebkgbbt ybko maplrjfl`, eufba mbra ebtb plkcb`brabk ebsybrbhbt ybko takoobf ma plsasar pbktba, tlepbt – tlepbt wasbtb ma nlrnboba pbktba mbk fbut, sbepba pbnrah – pbnrah akmustra ybko elkojfb` pjtlksa nb`bra ma slfuru` Akmjklsab. Matakibu mbra bsplh oljorbgas klobrb, pjtlksa wafbyb` plsasar mbk fbutbk Akmjklsab ybko tlrmara btbs wafbyb` plrbarbk slfubs >,0 iutb he>, fbut tlratjrabf slfubs 4,3 iutb he>, mbk plrbarbk kbsajkbf slfubs 3,2 iutb he> (Husuebstbktj, ]ramjyj, >444), Akmjklsab mahlkbf slnboba klobrb ybko eleafaha pjtlksa hlebrataebk ybko cuhup nlsbr. ]ambh elko`lrbkhbk iahb slnboabk nlsbr ebsybrbhbt ybko nlrbmb ma wafbyb` hlfbutbk mbk plsasar nlrprjglsa slnboba klfbybk. Kbeuk rlbfatbs ybko tlribma ma ebsybrbhbt hatb elkukiuhhbk nb`wb tlrmbpbt wbrob Klobrb bsako mbk pa`bh-pa`bh ybko tambh nlrtbkoouko ibwbn iustlru elkahebta suenlrmbyb ahbk fbut Akmjklsab slcbrb afflobf. Slelktbrb ebsybrbhbt Akmjklsab ybko nlrbmb ma wafbyb` plsasar iustlru elkibma plkjktjk ma klolrakyb slkmara. Nb`hbk slrako tlribma plrusbhbk tlruenu hbrbko bhanbt plkbkohbpbk ahbk ybko tambh slsuba mlkobk systle jplrbsajkbf prjslmur ybko matlktuhbk. Tlrebsbfb`bk mbk tbktbkobk fbak ybko ma`bmbpa jfl` klfbybk Akmjklsab mlwbsb aka bmbfb` takooakyb nabyb jplrbsajkbf uktuh elfbut, mbk ebsbfb` tlrslnut nlraenbs hlpbmb `brob NNE ybko slebhak elkakohbt. Ma sasa fbak, NNE slebhak fbkohb mbk tlrnbtbs, sl`akoob klfbybk slebhak sufat elkbkohbp ahbk ma fbut, hbrlkb elrlhb sbkobt nlrobktuko pbmb Nb`bk Nbhbr Eakybh. Bpbnafb plelraktb` tambh eleaharhbk lklroa tlrnbruhbk slnboba bftlrkbtag mbfbe elkobtbsa hl`amupbk klfbybk Akmjklsab, ebhb hl`amupbk klfbybk slebhak sufat mbk takohbt hlslib`tlrbbk klfbybk slebhak elkuruk. \ktuh atu, plrfu mafbhuhbk plkohbiabk tlr`bmbp hjkslp lklroa tlrnbruhbk aka. Sbfb` sbtu upbyb ybko bhbk mafbhuhbk bmbfb` elebmuhbk lklroa bkoak, pbklf suryb mlkobk turnak bkoak.
]\I\BK MBK EBKGBB] ]uiubk
]uiubk mbra plklfatabk aka bmbfb` elenubt slnub` akjvbsa Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk ]urnak Bkoak ybko elkooukbhbk hlhubtbk bkoak, mbk elebkgbbthbk lklroa ybko nlrbsbf mbra pbklf suryb mbk turnak bkoak.
2
Ebkgbbt
2. Elkolenbkohbk lklroa tlrnbruhbk elfbfua lklroa bkoak, pbklf suryb mbk turnak bkoak. >. Eleplreumb` bhsls klfbybk mbfbe plebkgbbtbk lklroa tlrnbruhbk mlkobk nabyb ybko tlribkohbu.
OBOBSBK Hjkmasa hlhakabk
Hjkmasa hrasas lklroa sbbt aka sbkobt elenutu`hbk lklroa tlrnbruhbk uktuh maebkgbbthbk slnboba plkoobkta (sunsatusa) nb`bk nbhbr eakybh jfl` ebsybrbhbt tlrutbeb pbrb klfbybk ybko slnboabk nlsbr `amupkyb tlrobktuko hlpbmb suenlr mbyb lklroa aka. ]lribmakyb hrasas lklroa aka nb`bk nbhbr eakybh, bktbrb fbak maslnbnhbk slebhak nlrhurbkokyb suenlr mbyb bfbe eakybh ybko sagbtkyb tambh mbpbt maplrnb`bruaslrtb ebhak nlrtbenb`kyb iuefb` sbrbkb akmustra ybko elenutu`hbk pbsjhbk lklroa mbra suenlr mbyb bfbe tbma. Slelktbrb eakybh nuea slebhak elkapas, nabyb prjmuhsa iuob slebhak elkakohbt elenubt `brob eakybh nuea ebhak eb`bf. Hjkmasa aka slcbrb fbkosuko nlrmbepbh tlr`bmbp hl`amupbk klfbybk ybko elrupbhbk gbhtjr utbeb uktuh elfbhuhbk bhtavatbskyb slnboba klfbybk btbu plfbut. Nlrmbsbrhbk hbiabk ybko mafbhuhbk jfl` flenbob plklfatabk slplrta NT]] mbk FATA, plkolenbkobk tlr`bmbp lklroa tlrnbruhbk slsukoou`kyb mbpbt mafbhuhbk slcbrb ebssag, slpbkibko plelraktb` eleafaha hjeatelk tlr`bmbp hlnaibhbk lklroa tlrnbruhbk. Kbeuk `akoob bh`ar plelraktb`bk SNQ, hjeatelk plelraktb` tlr`bmbp aepflelktbsa lklroa tlrnbruhbk aka ebsa` pbrsabf mbk haklrib plelraktb`bk ebsa` rlkmb`. Tbmb bsplh plkolenbkobk lklroa bftlrkbtag uktuh plkoolrbh hbpbf tlfb` mahlkbf slcbrb fubs plebkgbbtbk lklroa bkoak mbk suryb. Lklroa bkoak aka tlfb` maebkgbbthbk slibh mb`ufu slnlfue matleuhbkkyb ejtjr hbpbf elfbfua plkooukbbk fbybr ybko nlrgukosa elkbkohbp bkoak mbk hleumabk elrunb`kyb elkibma rlsuftbk obyb ybko ebepu elkmjrjko hbpbf hl mlpbk. Slhbfapuk plkooukbbk fbybr pbmb hbpbf tlfb` nbkybh matakoobfhbk klfbybk, kbeuk hbrlkb hjkmasa `brob nb`bk nbhbr ybko tlrus elfbenuko takooa, bh`arkyb nbkybh klfbybk ybko hlenbfa elkooukbhbk lklroa aka. Slfbak atu, lklroa suryb slnboba suenlr lklroa iuob sumb` cuhup fbeb mahlenbkohbk ybatu slibh mahlkbfkyb slf suryb ybko nasb elkounb` lklroa haeab elkibma lklroa fastrah. Tlebkgbbtbk lklroa suryb ybko mahjkvlrsahbk elkibma lklroa fastrah mlkobk elkooukbhbk p`jtjvjftbac (sjfbr slf) aka mbpbt masaepbk mbfbe nbttlry slnboba suenlr plkoolrbh ejtjr mbk eleutbr prjplfflr sl`akoob hbpbf mbpbt nlrolrbh ebiu. Hbpbf ybko nlrolrbh mlkobk elkooukbhbk tlkbob suryb aka mahlkbf mlkobk slnutbk Sjfbr S`ap (Hbpbf Suryb). Nbkybh hbpbf klfbybk ybko tlfb` elebkgbbthbk lklroa suryb slnboba plkoolrbhkyb. Bhbk tltbpa, lklroa suryb ebsa` nbkybh eleafaha hlfleb`bk, ybatu sbkobt tlrobktuko hlpbmb suenlr cb`byb ebtb`bra, sl`akoob ebsa` nlfue nloatu lglhtag iahb hjkmasa cubcb ma fbut tambh hjkmusag (mbfbe hlbmbbk elkmuko).
>
Jfl` hbrlkb atu, plrfu marbkcbko slnub` hbpbf klfbybk, slfbak elkooukbhbk obnukobk mbra lklroa bftlrkbtag ma btbs iuob elkbenb`hbk lklroa bftlrkbtag nlrupb turnak bkoak uktuh elelku`a hlnutu`bk lklroa nboa hbpbf klfbybk. Tlklrbpbk hjkslp ybko mleahabk tlktu iuob nlrebkgbbt uktuh elkourbkoa plkclebrbk fakohukobk bhanbt pjfusa.
Sjfusa ybko Tlrkb` Mafbhuhbk
Mbfbe plenubtbk THE ybko nlriumuf ‖Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra―, hbea elebkgbbthbk elmab aktlrklt slnboba sbfb` sbtu suenlr akgjrebsa. Nlrmbsbrhbk mbtb ybko maplrjfl`, nbkybh hbpbf klfbybk ybko elebkgbbthbk lklroa bkoak pbmb plkooukbbk fbybr ebupuk lklroa ebtb`bra slnboba suenlr tlkbobkyb, kbeuk `bsafkyb nlfue jptaebf. Hjkslp ybko matbwbrhbk mbfbe hbryb tufas aka bmbfb` elebmuhbk lklroa turnak bkoak mlkobk lklroa bkoak mbk lklroa ebtb`bra, sl`akoob hlnutu`bk lklroa pbmb hbpbf klfbybk nlrgukosa jptaebf.
]bnlf 2. Tbrbeltlr Hlfleb`bk sjfusa ybko plrkb` matbwbrhbk Tbrbeltlr
Hbpbf nb`bk eakybh
Hbpbf nlrtlkbob bkoak
Hbpbf nlrtlkbob suryb
Tlribfbkbk
Nlnbs,tambh tlrobktuko pbmb bfbe
]lrobktuko bkoak
]lrobktuko ebtb`bra
Nabyb
Elenlfa Nb`bk Nbhbr
Orbtas
Orbtas
Mbepbh Lhjfjoas
Elkaenufhbk pjfusa
]ambh bmb
]ambh bmb
nbhbr
Obobsbk Nbru ybko Matbwbrhbk
]leb ybko hbea bkohbt mbfbe hbryb tufas aka mambsbrhbk pbmb mbtb ybko maplrjfl` nb`wb ebsa` nbkybh hbpbf klfbybk ybko `bkyb nlrobktuko pbmb sbtu lklroa sbib, easbfkyb lklroa bkoak sl`akoob hlnutu`bk lklroa pbmb hbpbf klfbybk tambh tlrcuhupa. Mlkobk elkbenb`hbk turnak bkoak, mbk elkoobnukohbkkyb mlkobk lklroa bftlrkbtag fbak ybko tlfb` nbkybh maoukbhbk pbmb hbpbf klfbybk, ebhb ma`brbphbk ‖Hbpbf Fbybr mlkobk Lklroa Ebtb`bra mbk ]urnak Bkoak― ebepu elelcb`hbk sjfusa ma btbs, ybatu plelku`bk hlnutu`bk lklroa nboa hbpbf klfbybk.
3
^bkcbkobk hbpbf 9
Obenbr 2. ^bkcbkobk hbpbf fbybr klfbybk mlkobk lklroa pbklf suryb mbk turnak bkoak
Hltlrbkobk obenbr b. Fbybr Hbpbf fbybr nabsbkyb nlrolrbh slbrb` mlkobk bkoak, hbrlkb bmbkyb mjrjkobk bkoak pbmb fbybrkyb. Mlkobk bmbkyb @uhue Nlrkjuffa, Hbpbf mbpbt nlrolrbh hl brb` ybko nlrfbwbkbk mlkobk brb` bkoak, mlkobk elkooukbhbk mub fbybr ybko mbpbt mabtur – btur. Hbpbf mbpbt nlrolrbh nlrfbwbkbk mlkobk brb` bkoak, mub fbybr mabtur slmleahak rupb sl`akoob bkoak ybko ebsuh hl rubko bktbrb mub fbybr eleafaha hlclpbtbk ybko flna` nlsbr. Flkohukobk fbybr earap mlkobk flkohukobk sasa plsbwbt tlrnbko, sl`akoob hlclpbtbk bkoak pbmb sasa flkohuko (mlpbk fbybr) flna` nlsbr mbra hlclpbtbk bkoak ma nlfbhbko fbybr. Bmb mub obyb ybko nlhlrib pbmb hbpbf ybatu obyb nlrkjuffa pbmb fbybr hbpbf mbk obyb bar pbmb sarap hbpbf. Cbrb hlrib hbpbf fbybr bmbfb` hltahb bkoak mbtbko mbra brb` nlfbhbko, bkoak bhbk elkmjrjko fbybr mbk hbpbf bhbk nlrolrbh hl mlpbk. ]ltbpa iahb bkoak mbtbko mbra brb` sbepako ebhb hbpbf bhbk nlrolrbh hl sbepako. Mlkobk bmbkyb "hllf", mbpbt elkb`bk obyb mbra sbepako. Hllf `brus manlktuh mlkobk nbah uktuh elfbwbk hlhubtbk bkoak mbra sbepako.
=
Lepbt obyb ybko tlrfanbt mbfbe nlrfbybr 9 2. Bkoak nlr`lenus hl mbfbe fbybr mbk elkmjrjko hbpbf. >. Hllf ma nboabk mbsbr hbpbf (`uff) bmbfb` nboabk ybko sbkobt nlrbt ybko elkmjrjko tlr`bmbp bar mbk elenlrahbk plenlrbt hbpbf uktuh elfbwbk hlhubtbk mbra fbybr ybko slmbko elkmjrjko mlkobk cbrb fbak. 3. Tbmb hlmub sasa fbybr bmb tlhbkbk ybko nlrnlmb. ]lhbkbk takooa pbmb plreuhbbk fbybr, mbk tlhbkbk rlkmb` manlfbhbko. =. Olslhbk ybko tlribma ybatu ma plreuhbbk hbpbf mbk bar. n. ]urnak bkoak ]urnak bkoak bmbfb` plenbkohat fastrah ybko elkooukbhbk bkoak slnboba suenlr lklroa uktuh elko`bsafhbk lklroa fastrah. Ma mbfbe turnak bkoak tlrmbpbt olklrbtjr. Olklrbtjr elkounb` lklroa olrbh elkibma lklroa fastrah. Traksap hlribkyb mbpbt maplfbibra mlkobk elkooukbhbk tljra elmbk lflhtrjebokltah. Sakohbtkyb, (elkobcu pbmb sbfb` sbtu cbrb hlrib olklrbtjr) pjrjs pbmb olklrbtjr mapbsbko mlkobk ebtlrabf glrrjebokltah plrebklk. Sltlfb` atu maslhlfafako pjrjs tlrmbpbt stbtjr ybko nlktuh gasaskyb bmbfb` huepbrbk-huepbrbk hbwbt ybko elenlktuh fjjp. Hltahb pjrjs olklrbtjr eufba nlrputbr ebhb bhbk tlribma plrunb`bk gfuhs pbmb stbtjr ybko bh`arkyb hbrlkb tlribma plrunb`bk gfuhs aka bhbk ma`bsafhbk tlobkobk mbk brus fastrah tlrtlktu. Tlr`atukobk mbyb ybko mbpbt ma`bsafhbk jfl` slnub` turnak bkoak mlkobk mabeltlr hapbs r bmbfb` 9
Maebkb bmbfb` hlrbpbtbk bkoak pbmb wbhtu tlrtlktu mbk bmbfb` hlclpbtbk bkoak pbmb wbhtu tlrtlktu. c. Nbfako – nbfako (prjplfflr) Bmbfb` slnubt bfbt uktuh elko`bsafhbk obyb mjrjko pbmb slnub` hbpbf fbut. Nbfako-nbfako maputbr mlkobk pjrjs ybko maolrbhhbk jfl` plkoolrbh utbeb mbfbe hbebr elsak. Sltabp hbpbf ybko maolrbhhbbk mlkobk elkooukbhbk tlkbob fastrah (ejtjr fastrah ) nlsbrkyb mbyb ybko maoukbhbk tlrobktuko mbra nlnbk btbu `benbtbk ybko ybko mabfbea hbpbf atu slkmara. Slebhak hlcaf `benbtbk hbpbf tlktu slebhak hlcaf pufb mbyb ejtjr fastrah ybko bhbk maoukbhbk uktuh hlclpbtbk hbpbf ybko maakoakhbk. m. Tbklf suryb Tbklf suryb btbu sjfbr pbklf elrupbhbk bfbt ybko tlrmara mbra slf suryb ybko elkounb` cb`byb elkibma fastrah. Elrlhb maslnut suryb btbs ebtb`bra btbu ‖sjf― hbrlkb ebtb`bra elrupbhbk suenlr cb`byb tlrhubt ybko mbpbt maebkgbbthbk. Tbklf suryb slrako hbfa maslnut slf p`jtjvjftbac, p`jtjvjftbac mbpbt mabrtahbk slnboba cb`byb <
fastrah. Slf suryb btbu slf TW nlrobktuko pbmb lglh p`jtjvjftbac uktuh elkylrbp lklroa ebtb`bra mbk elkylnbnhbk brus elkobfar bktbrb mub fbpasbk nlreubtbk ybko nlrfbwbkbk. Tbklf suryb tlrmara mbra safahjk, safahjk elkounb` sakbr ebtb`bra elkibma lklroa fastrah, sbbt aktlksatbs cb`byb nlrhurbko (nlrbwbk, elkmuko, `uibk) lklroa fastrah ybko ma`bsafhbk iuob bhbk nlrhurbko. Mlkobk elkbenb` pbklf suryb (eleplrfubs) nlrbrta elkbenb` hjkvlrsa tlkbob suryb. Slf safahjk mambfbe pbklf suryb masakbra ebtb`bra/suryb, elenubt p`jtjk nlrolrbh elkuiu lflhtrjk mbk elko`bsafhbk brus mbk tlobkobk fastrah. Slnub` slf safahjk elko`bsafhbk hurbko flna` tlobkobk 4,< vjft. Hbpbsatbs mbra sjfbr clff nabsbkyb makybtbhbk mbfbe _T (_btt Tlbh) mbk tlrslmab eufba 24 _T, >4 _T, <4_T, 04 _T, 244 _T mbk sltlruskyb. Hbpbsatbs 24 _T brtakyb elko`bsafhbk 24 _btt mbfbe 2 ibe bpbnafb tlribma plkyakbrbk ebtb`bra mbfbe < ibe mbk elko`bsafhbk brus MC 4,< Beplrl. \euekyb hatb elko`atuko ebhsaeue sakbr ebtb`bra (ebhsaeue plbh aktlksatbs ebtb`bra) ybko maunb` elkibma tlkbob fastrahslpbkibko `bra bmbfb` < ibe. Ebhb uktuh elko`atuko iuefb` pbklf sjfbr slf slsuba hbpbsatbs (_T) pbklf sjfbr ybko hatb nutu`hbk bmbfb` 9 iuefb` pbklf sjfbr slf 5 ]jtbf hlnutu`bk mbyb (_btt ibe)/Hbpbsatbs pbklf sjfbr slf (_btt)x Tlkyakbrbk ebtb`bra (Ibe)
l. Ejtjr Fastrah Ejtjr fastrah elrupbhbk slnub` plrbkohbt lflhtrjebokltas ybko elkounb` lklroa fastrah elkibma lklroa elhbkah. Lkloa elhbkah aka maoukbhbk uktuh easbfkyb eleutbr aeplfflr pbmb pjepb, nfjwlr, elkoolrbhhbk cjeprlssjr. Mbfbe `bf aka lklroa elhbkah maoukbhbk uktuh elkoolrbhhbk prjplfflr pbmb hbpbf. \ktuh plkoolrbh ejtjr >=,37 btbu =0 Wjft ybko maoukbhbk plrfu elko`unukohbk mub btbu flna` nbtlrba mbfbe rbkohbabk slra uktuh elelku`a tlobkobk ybko maplrfuhbk ejtjr. Hleumabk hlclpbtbk rbtb – rbtb hbpbf ybko maakoakhbk tlrobktuko pbmb mbyb ejtjr, lgasalksa prjplfflr, lgasalksa fbenuko slrtb plrfu elko`unukohbk sbtu btbu flna` nbtlrba slcbrb pbrbfflf sltabp slra uktuh elenlrahbk mbyb ybko cuhup uktuh elelku`a hlclpbtbk ybko maakoakhbk. Mbfbe plkojplrsabk ejtjr tlktu tambh eleukohakhbk uktuh nlrjplrbsa pbmb guff pjwlr slcbrb tlrus elklrus, hatb nlr`brbp nlrjplrbsa tambh flna` mbra <4% mbra mbyb ebhsaeue, sl`akoob nbkybh elkyaepbk cbmbkobk mbyb uktuh satubsa mbrurbt.
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g. Nbtlrry (Bccu) Bmbfb` bfbt ybko nlrgukosa slnboba plkyaepbk pjwlr ybko ma`bsafhbk jfl` pbklf suryb ebupuk turnak bkoak. Mlkobk hbtb fbak brus ybko elkobfar mbra pbklf suryb ebupuk turnak bkoak bhbk masaepbk hl mbfbe nbtlrba btbu bccu, nlsbr brus plkoasabk tlrobktuko hbpbsatbskyb. Iuefb` nbtlrba eakaeue 5 >x ]jtbf mbyb ybko manutu`hbk/Nbtlrba ybko maoukbhbk (Wjft x B`)
o. Nbttlry Cjktrjfflr \kat (NC\) Bmbfb` plrbfbtbk lflhtrjkah ybko nlrgukosa elkojktrjf tlobkobk mbk brus mbra pbklf suryb ebupuk turnak bkoak hl nbtlrba slrtb mbra nbtlrba hl nlnbk. Traksap hlrib cjktrjfflr bmbfb` nlr`lkta nafb brus hl nbtlrba sumb` plku` mbk bhbk nlr`lkta elkobfar hl nlnbk nafb tlobkobk nbtlrba sumb` fjwlr vjftbol slhatbr 24,1 Wjft MC, pbmb praksapkyb cjktrjfflr aka nlrgukosa bobr sastle nlribfbk mlkobk nbah mbk bebk. `. Akvlrtlr Bmbfb` slnub` bfbt ybko nlrgukosa uktuh elrunb` brus MC hl BC ibma tlobkobk nbtlrba btbu pbklf suryb ebupuk turnak bkoak marunb` hl BC.
Ta`bh ybko mbpbt elkoaepflelktbsahbk hjkslp Hbpbf Fbybr mlkobk Lklroa Ebtb`bra mbk ]urnak Bkoak
Bobr hjkslp Hjkslp Hbpbf Fbybr mlkobk Lklroa Ebtb`bra mbk ]urnak Bkoak mbpbt maaepflelktbsahbk, ebhb nlrnboba pa`bh (stbhl`jfmlrs) ma`brbphbk mbpbt elenbktu, bktbrb fbak 9 -
Tlrourubk ]akooa mbk flenbob plklfatabk slfbhu plrbkcbko hjkslp8 Tlelraktb` slfbhu plenakb mbk plenubt hlnaibhbk8 Akvlstjr8 Mukab usb`b/akmustra8 Ebsybrbhbt klfbybk slfbhu plkooukb.
HLSAET\FBK
Mlkobk plebpbrbk sjfusa mbk tlhkah akjvbsa mbk rlbfasbsa ma btbs tlr`bmbp ebsbfb` ma btbs, ebhb hlsaepufbk ybko mbpbt matbrah bmbfb` nb`wb hjkslp Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra mbpbt elkibma sbfb` sbtu bftlrkbtag mbk sjfusa btbs plrebsbfb`bk ybko tlribma pbmb klfbybk Akmjklsab Tlkooukbbk fbybr ybko nlrgukosa elkbkohbp bkoak, lklroa pbklf suryb, mbk lklroa turnak bkoak mbpbt elkibma sjfusa plkoobkta nb`bk nbhbr hjkvlksajkbf ybko ebsa`
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nlrobktuko pbmb eakybh nuea. Sl`akoob hlnutu`bk klfbybk pbmb lklroa bhbk tlrcuhupa, mbk hl`amupbk elrlhb tambh bhbk nlrobktuko fboa pbmb nb`bk nbhbr eakybh. Fbkohb` – fbkohb` Strbtloas Aepflelktbsa Obobsbk
Fbkohb` strbtloas plrfu marlkcbkbhbk mlkobk ebtbko bobr hjkslp aka mbpbt tlrlbfasbsa mlkobk nbah, matlraeb (bcclptbnfl), mbk nlrhlfbkiutbk. -
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Elenlktuh ]ae Tlkafba ybko mambfbekyb tlrmara pbrb b`fa ybko nlrhjepltlk ma nambkokyb, bpbhb` hjkslp aka fbybh mahlenbkohbk slnboba sbfb` sbtu bftlrkbtag plkoobkta NNE8 Bpbnafb fbybh, ebhb plrfu mafbkiuthbk mlkobk vbfambsa, uksur-uksur bpb sbib ybko plrfu maflkohbpa sl`akoob nlkbr-nlkbr mbpbt nlrgukosa mlkobk nbah8 Elfbhuhbk uia cjnb uktuh elkmbfbea hlhurbkobk mbk hlflna`bk ybko maeafaha Hbpbf Fbybr (@ynram) aka8 Elenlrahbk `bh pbtlk tlr`bmbp akkjvbtjr, btbu plkoobobs sl`akoob elkmbpbthbk plko`brobbk nlrupb `bh captb mbk elkmbgtbrhbkkyb ma Hlelktlrabk @uhue mbk @BE ^A8 Elkoukmbko pbrb pa`bh tlrhbat (stbhl`jfmlr) slplrta plelraktb`, mukab usb`b, mbk ebsybrbhbt uktuh mbpbt elkolenbkohbk Hbpbf Fbybr @ynram aka8 Elkmjrjko plelraktb` bobr elkyusuk subtu hlnaibhbk tlrhbat mlkobk plebkgbbtbk lklroa tlrnbruhbk aka, hbrlkb elebmuhbk lklroa bkoak, pbklf suryb mbk ebtb`bra slnboba bftlrkbtag sunsatusa Nb`bk Nbhbr Eakybh ybko eumb`, eurb` rbeb` fakohukobk mbk lgasalk. Elenbkouk Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra. Elenlrmbybhbk Klfbybk mlkobk elebkgbbthbk Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra.
Trlmahsa hlnlr`bsafbk Obobsbk Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra.
^lkcbkb uktuh elenubt obobsbk aka bhbk nlrmbepbh pbmb plkourbkobk plkooukbbk nb`bk nbhbr eakybh nboa klfbybk, slrtb mbpbt elkcaptbhbk fakohukobk ybko nlrsa` mbk nlnbs mbra pjfusa ybko mataenufhbk jfl` `bsaf plenbhbrbk nb`bk nbhbr eakybh. Hjkslp Hbpbf Fbybr Klfbybk mlkobk Lklroa Tbklf Suryb mbk Ebtb`bra aka manubt bobr klfbybk mbpbt elfbut, mbk tambh tlrobktuko `bkyb pbmb sbtu suenlr, kbeuk mbpbt eleafa` bftlrkbtag ybko flna` eumb` mbk tlribkohbu slsuba mlkobk takohbt plkmbpbtbk klfbybk. Mlkobk plklrbpbk hjkslp aka, usb`b uktuh elkourbkoa plkooukbbk nb`bk nbhbr eakybh mbpbt mawuiumhbk slcbrb kybtb mbk ebhsaebf mbk pbmb oafarbkkyb bhbk elkakohbthbk hlslibtlrbbk ebsybrbhbt h`ususkyb pbrb klfbybk Akmjklsab. Ma`brbphbk hjkslp aka mbpbt elkibma ebsuhbk mbk matakmbhfbkiuta jfl` plelraktb` h`ususkyb uktuh elenbktu pbrb klfbybk Akmjklsab, ybko slnboabk nlsbr ebsa` `amup ma nbwb` obras hleashakbk.
0
Bpbnafb plelraktb` eleafaha hjeatelk ybko takooa uktuh elkakohbthbk hlslib`tlrbbk pbrb klfbybk, ebhb sumb` sbbtkyb elkolenbkohbk lklroa bftlrkbtag tlrutbeb bpbnafb hjkslp atu mambsbrhbk pbmb subtu `bsaf raslt nbah ybko mafbhuhbk jfl` flenbob plklfatabk prjglssajkbf ebupuk jfl` akmavamu ybko `bsafkyb mbpbt maplrtbkoouko ibwbnhbk slcbrb bhbmleas. Bpbfboa sbbt aka vasa easa Trlsamlk Ijhjwa tlfb` elkltbphbk slhtjr hlebrataebk elkibma sbfb` sbtu bolkmb prajratbs mbfbe ]rasbhta mbk Kbwb Catb, ebhb plfubko mbk tbktbkobkkyb bhbk slebhak hjkmusag, hbrlkb tambh `bkyb mamuhuko mbra bsplh hlnaibhbk plelraktb` kbeuk iuob bkoobrbk nbah elfbfua Bkoobrbk Tlkmbpbtbk mbk Nlfbkib Klobrb (BTNK) ebupuk Bkoobrbk Tlkmbpbtbk mbk Nlfbkib Mblrb` (BTNM
1
MBG]B^ T\S]BHB
Qusug, Yufhagfy. >422. Tlrbkcbkobk Hbpbf _asbtb Mlkobk ]lkbob Suryb Slnboba Lklroa Bftlrkbtag Tlkoolrbh Trjplfflr. `ttp9// ijurkbf.uk`bs.bc.am X 3 Ebrlt >42< U
Bsrazbf. >423. Trjplfflr Nbfako – Nbfako Hbpbf. `ttp9//bsrazbf20.nfjospjt.cje/>423/24/prj plfflr-nbfako-nbfako-hbpbfZ21.`tef X 3 Ebrlt >42< U
Bfayumak, Kur. >42>. Traksap Hlrib TF]S mbk Traksap Hlrib Tbklf Suryb. `ttp9//bkooatbfay umak.nfjospjt.cje/>42=/43/praksap-hlrib-pfts-mbk-praksap-hlrib.`tef X 3 Ebrlt >42< U
Tuspatb, _lkky. >422. Tlrb`u fbybr. `ttps9//wlkkypuspatb.wjrmprlss.cje/>422/43/41/pl rb`u fbybr/ X 3 Ebrlt >42< U
24
Fbeparbk >. Susukbk Jrobkasbsa ]ae Tlkyusuk mbk Tlenboabk ]uobs
Kj
Kbeb/KAE
2
Grbksashus Pbvlraus Lkracj
Trjorbe Stuma ]lhkah Lflhtrj
Nambko Afeu ]lhkah Lflhtrj
Bfjhbsa _bhtu 24 ibe/eakoou
\rbabk ]uobs Elkcbra suenlr pustbhb plkmuhuko obobsbk, plenubtbk obenbrbk mbk hjjrmakbtjr tae
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Fbeparbk <. Surbt Tlrkybtbbk Hltub ]ae S\^B] TL^KQB]BBK HL]\B TLKLFA]A/TLFBHSBKB
Qbko nlrtbkmb tbkobk ma nbwb` aka9 Kbeb
9 Grbksashus Pbvlraus Lkracj
KAE
9 >42=2244=
Trjorbe Stuma
9 ]lhkah Lflhtrj
Iurusbk
9 ]lhkah Lflhtrj
Mlkobk aka elkybtbhbk nb`wb prjpjsbf (Asa slsuba mlkobk nambko THE) sbyb mlkobk iumuf9 ............................................................................................................................. ...... ......................................................................................................................... .......... ybko mausufhbk uktuh tb`uk bkoobrbk ................ nlrsagbt jraoakbf mbk nlfue plrkb` manabyba jfl` flenbob btbu suenlr mbkb fbak.
Nafbebkb ma hleumabk `bra matleuhbk hltambhslsubabk mlkobk plrkybtbbk aka, ebhb sbyb nlrslmab matuktut mbk maprjsls slsuba mlkobk hltlktubk ybko nlrfbhu mbk elkolenbfahbk slfuru` nabyb plklfatabk ybko sumb` matlraeb hl hbs klobrb. Mleahabk plrkybtbbk aka manubt mlkobk slsukoou`kyb mbk mlkobk slnlkbr-nlkbrkyb.
Ibhbrtb, 22 Ebrlt >42< Elkoltb`ua Tlenbktu ^lhtjr/Hltub Nambko hleb`bsaswbbk,
(
Qbko elkybtbhbk,
)
KTH/KAH
(
)
KAE 2>
