ENGINEERING QUICK REFERENCE CARD For On-Plot Piping: ASME B31.3 PD t = 2( SE + PY )
Hydrostatic Pressure Calculations SAES-L-056 Lower of: 1 ) Fl an an ge ge Li Limit 2) 90% Yield (Use off-plot piping formula with D F=0.90)
1.75t nom SE
D − 1.75t nomY
a) b)
Y = 0.4 For CS & SS < 900 OF S = 20,000 psig For Grade B E = 1.00 For Smls, 0.85 ERW or 0.95 SAW P = Design Pressure, psig D = Outside Diameter, inch tmin = Min Thick Requ’d, inch tnom = Nominal Thick, inch t = Calculated Thick, inch For Off-Plot Piping: ASME B31.4 PD t = 2 D F SMYS P =
2t D F SMSY D
S =16,700 (316L SS) =16,500 (Monel) D = tube OD (usually 0.500 in.)
Welded Piping SAES-L-01 0 Pipes to be welded should have a thickness ratio of 1.5 or less. This includes matching pipe of a lower grade. For ratios greater than 1.5, a transition piece should be used. Stress Relief
t min min= t /0.875 P =
Instrument Tubing PD T min = 1.125 x 2S
3)
c) d)
Grade B X 42 X 52 X 60
SMYS 35,000 42,000 52,000 60,000
Notes: E, for off-plot piping, is not included as it equals 1.00 for all welded or seamless pipe used by Saudi ARAMCO. Mill tol. is not subtracted for off-plot piping. DF (Design Factor) SAES-L-003 unless otherwise noted. (Location Class defined in ASME B31.8 & SAES B-064) Locati Location on Clas Classs 1 (Cros (Crosss Count Country ry Pipi Piping ng)) 0.72 0.72 Location Class 2 , (Highways) 0.60 fiel field d manif anifol olds ds,, jump jumpov over ers, s, scra scrape pers rs 0.60 0.60 Subkha or tidal flats 0.60 Locati Location on Class Class 3 (≤440 (≤440 m of of SSD SSD fence fence)) 0.50 0.50 Well Well hea head d mani manifo fold ldss (Oil (Oil/S /SWD WD/P /PWI WI)) 0.50 0.50 SAE SAESS-LL-02 022 2 Locati Location on Class Class 4 (≤500 (≤500 m o off resid residenc ences) es) 0.40 0.40 Threaded Piping 1) Minimum Minimum thread thread engag engagemen ementt (SAES (SAES-L-0 -L-010) 10) Nominal Pipe Size ½ & ¾” 1 to 1½” 2 to 3”* 4”* Min. Number of Threads Engaged 6 7 8 10 *Max. threaded connection size in hazardous service is 1½”. Larger sizes are restricted to air and utility water. 2) Seal weld weld all thread threaded ed connecti connections ons in hazardo hazardous us service. service. INSP INSP to visually check all seal welds under op. press. 3) Do not not sea seall wel weld: d: a ) Th eerr mo mow el el ls ls b) Plugs c) Unio Union n cou coupl plin ings gs d) Instr. Instr. piping piping downs downstream tream of root root valve e) Downstre Downstream am of root root valve valve dischar discharging ging to gravity gravity sewer. sewer.
for on-plot piping, t = 0.875t nom
Minimum Wall
for off-plot piping t = t nom
For on-plot piping, t min = t/0.875 (B31.3) For off-plot corroded pipelines, tmin = 0.9 t(calculated pressure design thickness) For off-plot isolated pitting, 0.2t< t min <0.9t depending upon the effective length (Lm) of the corrosion. 1) Use Sleeve9 Sleeve97 7 to evaluat evaluatee off-plot off-plot and and on-plot on-plot corros corrosion. ion. 2) SAEP-306 SAEP-306 applies applies to to corroded corroded off-plot off-plot pipi piping. ng.
Revalidation of existing piping only, use Code requirements:
a) b)
On-Plot Welds ≤¾" do not require stress relief. ANSI B.31.3 Off Plot Welds ≤1¼” do not require stress relief. ANSI B.31.4 Welds 1¼”-1½” do not require stress relief if a min. preheat temp. of 200 ºF is used.
On-plot piping, P hydro = 1.5 x MAOP (ANSI B31.3) Off-plot piping, P hydro = 1.25 x MAOP (SAES-L-056) MAOP = 1200 psig for Ghawar Field wells (SAES-L-022) Oil well head manifolds, P hydro = 1.4 x MAOP (ASME B31.8, Loc. Class 3) Water well head manifolds, Phydro = 1.25 x MAOP (ASME B31.8, Loc. Class 1) MAOP = 3000 psig (oil & water inj. wells)
Notes: Item #3 must always be met or exceeded by Items 1 & 2. Do not use item #3 above for limiting testing pressures for new piping or new spools. Do not inspect a line under hydrotest. Lower the pressure to MAOP after the hydrotest to inspect for leaks. Mill Tolerances for Wall Thickness (API 5L Table 9)
Dead Leg SAES-L-012 L>3D or L>1.22 m (L=length of dead leg, D= pipe OD) A dead leg may be internally coated rather than removed. Restriction Orifice Sizing Gas (P1>2P2) 2
W = 266d P 1
Type All All Welded Smls
Grade B +20.0% -12.5% +15.0 -12.5 +17.5 -12.5 +15.0 -12.5
X42 & Higher +15.0% -12.5% +15.0 -12.5 +19.5 -8.0 +17.5 -10.0
Flange & Valve Pressures (for CS flanges A-105, A-350 LF2) ANSI Class MAWP.* Hydro Press. Valve Seat Group 1.1 (psig) (psig) Test P (psig) 150 2 85 450 315 300 740 1125 815 600 1480 2225 1630 800+ 1975 2975 2175 900 2220 3350 2445 1500 3705 5575 4075 2500 6170 9275 6790 API 6A ≤14” ≥16” 3000 3000 6000 4500 3000 5000 5000 10,000 10,000 5000 10,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 *Working Pressure at -20ºF to 100ºF. See ANSI B16.34 for other temperature and material ratings. Other materials (eg stainless steels) can also be found on the Hot Tap Manual, Attach #10. + API Standard 602
Z 1T 1
W=lb/hr P1= psia Z=co Z=comp mpre ress ss.. 1= =u up st str ea ea m
d=bore (i (in) T1=ºR ºR=º ºR=ºF+ F+46 460 0 2= =d dw ns ns tr tr ea ea m
Q=gpm H=ft liquid
d=bore (in) ΔP=psid
Liquids (d/D<0.3) 2
Pipe Size ≤2” 3-18” ≥20” ≥20”
MW
Q = 12d h=
h
∆ Px 2.31
sg Line Sizing (Single phase) Chemical Engineering Rules of Thumb Liquid: Size pipe for velocity of 5+D/3 ft/s or 2.0 psi/100 ft Pump Suction: Size for 1.3+D/6 ft/s, 0.4 psi/100 ft Max. Liquid Velocity CS lines/HC service = 4.6 m/s SAES-L-032
Gas: Size for 20D ft/s, 0.5 psi/100ft where D=pipe size (inches) Max. Gas Velocity = 18.3 m/s SAES-L-032 Volume of gas at T&P PV=ZNRT P=psia V=cu. Ft R=10.73 T=ºR=ºF+460 Z=compressibility Z=compressibility factor =0.9 =0.97 7 HPPT HPPT gas =0.9 =0.98 8 LPPT LPPT gas gas N=lb-moles (1 lb-mole=380 lb-mole=380 SCF gas)
Miscellaneous Pumps h( ft )
=
bhp =
P ( psi ) x 2.31 sg
Q( gpm) x P
1715 x eff
where eff=pump efficiency
Evaporation Rates From Pits (Bill Conners-CSD/Env. Engrg) Wint Winter er 85 mm per per mon month th Summ Summer er 295 295 m mm mp per er mont month h Overall Average 166 mm per month or Pit size to be 1000 m 2 per GPM water inflow Electrical I =a =a mp mp s V =v =v ol ol ts ts I V P f E E=motor eff. (name plate or data sht) HP = 3 746 ≈0.90 for 480 V motors ≈0.95 for 4160V or 13.8 kV motors Pf =power =power factor (name plate or data sht) ave Pf ≈0.90
Water Cut wc =
Oil Shrinkage Factor = 0.96 (between GOSP & terminal storage) (UOED/SGUOEU-080/94) SCECO Power $0.0268/KW-Hr (UOED/SGUOEU-769/94) Gas Value $0.73/MMBTU (HPPT gas = 1220 BTU/SCF) Useful Engrg. Programs Found under J:\UOED\ENGR\ NAME Orival Orivalve ve 32
I sa sa cv cv Mcon Mconve vert rt
Depth of Cover (SAES-L-046 is confusing) Camel crossings 0.914m (3 ft) Rig road road cros crossi sings ngs 1.524m 1.524m (5 ft) U/G piping0.450m (SAES-L-012) (SAES-L-012)
Pipe Pipe Siz Sizin ing g
Materials A-105 flanges 12” and smaller are acceptable in Class 150 & 300. A-105 flanges 6” and smaller are acceptable in Class 600. Otherwise use A-350 LF2, LF6 Cl 1 or 2, A-707 L3 or L5 Pipe for sour wet service to be seamless or meet 01-SAMSS-016. 01-SAMSS-016. Use CPCV for sweet water piping-not galv. pipe.
Hottap97 Slee Sleeve ve97 97
Common Plant Paint Coating Systems APCS Common Usage 2A Inte Intern rnal al coa coati ting ng of of all all vess vessel elss and and pipi piping ng in in wate water r service. 2B Inte Intern rnal al coat coatin ing g of drin drinki king ng wate waterr tan tanks ks 3 Exte Extern rnal al coalcoal-ta tarr epo epoxy xy coat coatin ing go off ste steel el in imme immers rsio ion n service. (eg. Steel in the oil recovery pit) 4 Alum Alumin inum um pain paintt for for str struc uctu tura rall ste steel el or plan plantt pip pipin ing g to. to. 80ºC 6 Stru Struct ctur ural al stee steell for for anot anothe herr colo colorr tha than n alu alumi minu num m to to 70ºC 70ºC 9 Battery room floors 10 Exte Extern rnal al coa coati ting ng of of buri buried ed con concr cret etee anch anchor orss or pipe pipe supports. 12 Steel an and co concrete fl floors 26 Main Mainte tena nanc ncee coat coatin ing g over over APC APCSS-4 4 or or 6 wher wheree surf surfac acee prep. is limited to to hand/power hand/power tools. (Typically for for repainting equipment where sandblasting cannot be used.) 100 Shop Shop appl applie ied d (Qah (Qahtan tani) i) intern internal al baked baked epoxy epoxy pipe pipe coating 109 Tapewr Tapewrap ap for for flow flowli lines nes to repair repair existi existing ng tape tape wrap wrap only. 113 Mainte Maintenan nance ce for for ext extern ernal al coat coating ing of pipe pipelin lines es such such as camel crossings and short lengths of buried pipe.
Remaining Life Calculation Pr od . Water wc x Crude Pr od . Water = Crude + Pr od . Water (1 − wc)
Head Header erx x
Hydi Hydinh nhib ib Just Justhe heat at He at ata ly lyz Rvalve Thremxa Cr os os by by Vl iq iq ho ho r Vessel
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION Contr Control ol Valve Valve Folde Folder. r. Super Superced cedes es Orical Oricalc2. c2. Sizes Sizes control valves, flow orifices & venturis, calculates meter factors, size restriction orifices. Optimized for GOSPs & WIPS Siz es es Con tr tr ol ol Va lv lve s For Fish eerr A nd nd O th th eerr s ( IS ISA ).). An exce excell llen entt pro progr gram am to conv conver ertt any any unit unit to another. Thre Threee prog progra rams ms for for pip pipee sizi sizing ng in in exce excell incl includ udin ing g three phase. Unde Underr Pipe Pipe Sizi Sizing ng fold folder er.. Calc Calcul ulat ates es back back- pressures in in flare lines. lines. Use to size flare and relief lines. Hottap calculations Evalu valuat atee ccor orro rode ded d pip pipin ing, g, calc calcul ulat atee sle sleev evee thickness for pressure and non-pressure Calc Calcul ulat atio ion n of of hyd hydra rate te poin points ts and and inh inhib ibit itor or treatments for gas gas lines Pipin iping g heat heat loss loss with with and and with withou outt insu insula lati tion on Ec on on om omic s o f in st sta llll in ing in in su su la la tition Sizes ISA relief valves Sizes thermal relief valves Siz es es Cr os osby r el el ie ie f va lv lv eess sp eecc if if ic ic al all y Ca lc lc ul ula te te s th e v ol ol um ume of of li liqu id id by by he he ig igh t in a horizontal vessel Calculates v veessel we weight
1)
The design design pressure pressure and pipe schedu schedule le can be be found found from the line line designation table for desalting or from the relief pressure and piping specifications for gas gathering.
2)
The minimum wall is measured by INSP in millimeters. Convert to Reading ( mm) inches 25.4mm / in = Value( in) .
3)
The pipe pipe wall around around the corrosi corrosion on can be be found from the the corrosion corrosion survey.
4)
Cor ro rosion Corrosion = original wall – remaining corroded wall thickness. Original wall a)
Nom Nominal inal wall wall or
b)
The nomin nominal al wall wall plus (positive) (positive)mill mill tolerance. tolerance.
5)
Corros rrosio ion n rate rate
•
assume corrosion started when piping was originally installed For the oil side, assume corrosion started when desalting was installed. (ie. No corrosion occurred when the GOSP was operating with zero water cut)
•
assume all corrosion occurred over the past 5 years.
•
calculate three ways: original piping installation under both original wall assumptions and the 5 year corrosion rate using nominal wall only.
corrosion( in) service life ( yr )
=
in / yr
6)
tmin use ASME B31.3 (on-plot) or B31.4 (off-plot)
7)
Remaining Life (years) =
Corroded Wall Thickness − t min ( in ) Corrosion Rate in
yr
(Calculate for the three scenarios)
8)
Based on the remaining life table, what pipe should be r eplaced during T&I or routine shutdown can be determined.
Note: Note: The pipe should should be be replaced replaced immediate immediately ly if if the remaining remaining wall is below the minimum minimum wall. For off-plot off-plot piping, piping, the the minim minimum um wall should should be as calculated calculated for corrod corroded ed pipeli pipelines nes as per per SAEPSAEP-306. 306.
