palnlwbrojicizael.nbj
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Anl Dir`br Nbjpiss 93 VD NLEV\PQ
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G l i t u r l s / X r b m l n t s Bekael Lxtris Wasat palnlwbrojicizael.nbj gbr grll prbmlnts ief irtankls irtan kls,, tdl XalnlSbro XalnlSbro aeflx, aeflx, `ino assuls, ief jund jund jbrl. Elw= Xuendaelkkb Nips gbr g br Oeattaec Ellfkls tb Oeat `y Iee @uff, I Xrbkl bg Pbwie Qire iress, I Oiggl Gissltt„Aesparlf ^nirg tb Oeat, ief fltiaks be dbw tb letlr gbr i ndienl tb wae bel bg tdrll oats nbetiaeaec ikk tdl Pbwie Oaf Nkissan yire elnlssiry tb jiol tdl Oiggl Gissltt„aesparlf snirg.
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Faijbef @isoltwlivl @isoltwlivl Xittlre `y @ir`iri C. C. Sikolr I `rief-elw pittlre statnd grbj tdl iutdbr bg tdl `lkbvlf Vrlisury bg Oeattaec Xittlres `bbos. `bbos.
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Sdb Sis Jass Jbely2 Ae ^lirnd bg i Wantbraie Oeattlr `y Muel Dikk Vdl iutdbr fasnbvlrlf diefwrattle farlntabes gbr gburtlle lfcaecs lf caecs ief aeslrtabes pleelf ‛ae nbfl‚ `y Jass Jbely narni 9463? sdl sdl sdirls dlr qulst tb ef aegbr jitabe i`but Jass Jbely ief bgglrs sbj l b g tdl pittlres, wdand sdl dis flnbflf.
97
Oeattaec ae Mlwasd Katdui Katduieai eai `y Fbeei Frundue Frundueis is watd Ieei Wlrsndao Wlrsndao Furaec tdl Dbkbniust ae cdlttbs c dlttbs,, ae nbenletritabe nijps, nijps, ae dafaec, ief ae tdl gbrlst cdtaec cdtaec watd pirtasies, Mlwasd wbjle ief carks nbetaeulf tb oeat. Ieybel wdb dif i soakk, lvle bel is slljaecky nbjjbepkinl is oeattaec, dif i survavik ifvieticl.
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I Oappid tb Oeat `y Fbeei Frundueis Fbeei Frundueis flsacelf i oappid (soukknip) ae i kiny statnd tdit as ipprbpraitl gbr i Mlwasd wbj ie.
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Kitvai Kit vai ‑s Gi Givbratl vbratl Oea ttlr = Mlttl \ŵiˁ el `y @ir`ir @ir`iri i Xkioies
Mlttl \ŵiˁel, i slvlrlky fasi`klf girjwbjie, wis i eitabeikky rlnbceazlf oeattlr bg jattles wdb ndbsl ndbs l tb ‛piaet ‛piaet dlr wbrkf valw ae yire.‚
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^tlp-`y-stlp aestruntabes gbr jioaec ie ifiptitabe bg bel bg Mlttl \ŵiˁel‑ el‑ss bracaeik bra caeik tdrll-fajlesabeik tdrll-fajlesabei k flsaces.
01 BE VDL NBWLP @IP@IPI C. SIKOLP‑^ ELS XIVVLPE ^VAVND, XICL 98 Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni
Anl Dir`br Nbjpiss, picl 69 69 ^lvletlletd-Nletury Narnkaec Xurks Xittlre, picl >8 Jatts watd Vbeculs, picl >4 Sdb Sis Jass Jbely2, picl 90 90
@arnd Jattles tb Oeat `y @ir`iri Xkioies
VDL @rlwst @rlwstlr lr ^tbnoaec `y Minq inqulkael ulkael Gll Minqulkael Gll lxijaelf tdl bracaeik bg i jie‑s jie‑s stbnoaec jifl `ltwlle 9708 ief 9768 tdit as ebw ae tdl nbkklntabe bg tdl Xakcraj ^bnalty ae Xkyjbutd, Jissindusltts. Jissindusltts.
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Nbetljp brir y @rlwstlr ^bnos tb Oeat `y Minqulkael Gll Jiol tdas ifiptitabe bg tdl @rlwstlr stbnoaec watd tdl aetracuaec Narnkaec Xurks pittlre.
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Oeattaec gbr Aenbjl ae D ikki ikkief, ef, ^wlfle `y Ieelka Xikjso÷kf Grbj tdl slvletlletd tdrbucd tdl lirky twletaltd nletury, nletury, oeattaec oeattaec wis i nbtticl aefustry ae tdl sbutdwlstlre nbistik prbvaenl bg Dikkief, ^wlfle.
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Jattles tb Oeat Aesparlf `y i Kitl Jlfalvik Jattl Jattle e `y ^usie ^triwe Nbetljpbriry jattles tb oeat ae ndakf ief sjikk ifukt sazls.
Nbkujes/Fl p i r t j l e t s
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Vdl Jlfalvik Cikklry bg tdl Jusluj bg Kbefbe lxda`ats tdas sbkatiry jattle is i rirl survavbr bg kitl jlfalvik diefoeattlf tlxtakls tlxtakls..
Klttlr grbj tdl lfatbr 6 @y Xbst
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Bgglraec Jatts tb Oeat `y Eieny @usd Iksb oebwe is ‛jatts watd tbeculs‚ `lniusl bg tdlar ueusuik sdipl, bgglraec jatts wlrl i trifatabeik dief nbvlraec ae rurik Ebrwiy.
3 Niklefir 4 @bbo Jiros
I Ndakf‑s Jattle grbj ^axtlletd-N letur y Kbefb e `y ^usie ^triwe
Anl Dir`br Nbjpiss `y Pb`ae Kyee ^nbtt Lklvle-ylir-bkf Mbsy Lkfrlfcl dis Nbjpiss jattles watd jican oeattlf aetb tdlj.
66
Anl Dir`br Nbjpiss Jattles tb Oeat `y Pb`ae Diesle Nbjpkltl aestruntabes gbr oeattaec ‛sdraeoaec‚ jattles jattles,, i trifatabe ae Jiael ief Ebvi ^nbtai.
64
Oeattaec gbr tdl ^ticl `y Lkazi`ltd Nb``l Fasnbvlr tdl jiey wiys sticl nbstujl flsac elrs usl oeattlf cirjlets cir jlets ief innlssbrals, aenkufaec ndiae jiak. I pittlre gbr jioaec ybur bwe oeattlf ndiae-jiak dbbf as aenkuflf.
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lknbjl tb bur gburtd ieeuik dastbranik oeattaec a ssul! Sl‑vl Sl‑vl slklntlf irtankls ief prbmlnts tdit prbvafl ckajpsls aetb tdl rand, nleturals-bkf, ief sbjltajls pbaceiet dastbry bg tdas `lkbvlf nrigt. Lvle ag ybu‑rl ebt i oeattlr,, A dbpl ybu‑kk �ef tdl irtankls ief tlndeaquls lekacdtleaec. I dlirtglkt oeattlr tdieo-ybu tb bur clelrbus nbetra`utbrs= tdly divl prbvaflf tdl tdrlifs tdit nbeelnt tbfiy‑s tbfiy‑s oeattaec ief oeattlrs watd tdbsl bg tdl pist. Bur wl`satl, palnlwbrojicizael.nbj, palnlwbrojicizael.nbj, as `urstaec watd grll prbmlnts ief irtankls, tdl XalnlSbro aeflx, iviaki`kl `ino assuls, ief jbrl. Kbbo gbr elw iffatabes, butkaelf ae tdl `bx `lkbw ` lkbw,, `lcaeeaec Flnlj`lr 94. Iksb ndlno but XalnlSbro nbetra`utbr Ieeljbr ^uef`ô‑s wl`satl, www .ieeljbr.nbj? nkano be ‛Leckasd‚ it tdl tbp, tdle be ‛Picpakl‚ tb valw dlr elw Aetlrelt jusluj watd lxijpkls grbj dlr nbkklntabe bg trifatabeik oeattlf Ebrwlcaie jattles, swlitlrs, ief stbnoaecs. Ieeljbr kavls ae Bsl, ^ltlsfik? grbj 911> tb 0887, sdl bwelf ief bplritlf tdl kist rljiaeaec sdbffy (wbbk rlnynkaec) gintbry ae Orastaiesief. Vl ^dltkief Jusluj ief Irndavls ae Klrwano, ^dltkief Askiefs, ^nbtkief, wakk dbst Ae tdl Kbbp 0, i gbur-fiy nbeglrlenl nbeglrlenl be tdl bracaes ief lvbkutabe bg oeattaec, ^lptlj`lr 9„6. Vl nbeglrlenl dis assulf i nikk gbr piplrs (i`strints up tb >88 wbrfs) gbr elw ief rlnlet rlslirnd grbj oeattlrs, dastbraies, nbeslr vitbrs, tdlbrasts, lfunitbrs, ief nuritbrs. Vl flifkael as Gl`ruiry 9? nbetint M.I.DbrcieHsbtbe.in.uo. Lemby tdas splnaik assul ief `lst wasdls gbr i dippy ief dliktdy 0898 tdit ikkbws lind bg us tb fb is jund ellfklwbro is wl wiet tb fb!
BEKAEL LTVPI^ Wasat palnlwbrojicizael .nbj gbr= • Xuendaelkkb Nips gbr Oeattaec Ellfkls tb Oeat `y Iee @uff Vlsl nbkbrguk ellfkl prbtlntbrs ifiptlf grbj i Wantbraie pu`kanitabe pu`kanitabe irl gue ief printanik. •I Xrb�kl bg Pbwie Qires ief I Oil Gissltt„ Aesparlf ^nirg tb Oeat Lxpkbrl tdl dastbry ief tdl plbpkl `ldaef tdas @ratasd yire nbjpiey. nbjpiey. Oil Gissltt as i kbectajl Pbwie issbnaitl? tdas prbmlnt tiols ats aesparitabe grbj i straplf swlitlr ief snirg dl flsacelf gbr Pbwie jicizael 60.
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XalnlSbro (A^^E
9873-0061) as pu`kasdlf `ajbetdky `y Aetlrwlivl KKN, 089 L. Gburtd ^t., Kbvlkief, NB 48<>3. (138) 771-3730. Xlrabfaniks pbsticl piaf it Kbvlkief, NB 48<>4 ief iffatabeik jiakaec bgnls. Ikk nbetlets bg tdas assul bg XalnlSbro © Aetlrwlivl Xrlss KKN, 0898. Plprbfuntabe Plprbfuntabe ae wdbkl br ae pir t as prbda`atalf, lxnlpt `y plrjassabe bg tdl pu`kasdlr. ^u`snraptabe ritl as $01.16.11.1< /ylir \.^. guefs ae gbrlace nbuetrals (surginl flkav flkavlry). lry). Xraetlf ae tdl \.^.I. XB^VJI^VLP= Xklisl slef iffrlss ndiecls tb XalnlSbro XB @bx 671983, Lsnbefafb, NI 108671983. ^\@^NPA@LP^= Xklisl ikkbw sax wllos gbr prbnlssaec iffrlss ndiecls. Qbur nustbjlr euj`lr be tdl iffrlss ki`lk as ybur oly tb tdl `lst slrvanl pbssa`kl. Xklisl aenkufl at watd ikk nbrrlspbeflenl tb ivbaf flkiys br lrrbrs. ,
NBEVINV \^ ^u`snraptabes= (488) >68-3617. L-jiak palnlwbro Hpnspu`kaeo.nbj, br vasat palnlwbrojicizael.nbj. Ifvlrtasaec= ^tlpdieal Cralss (433) 79>-67>8, l-jiak scr alssHaetlrwlivl.nb alssHaetlrwlivl.nbj, j, br vasat palnlwbro jicizael.nbj. Pltiak sikls= (488) 030-091>, l-jiak s iklsHaetlrwlivl .nbj.
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Lfatbraik aequarals= (138) 337- 96>7, l-jiak palnlwbro Haetlrwlivl.nbj.
^ll tdl `bx it tdl lef bg tdl Oiggl-Gissltt„ aesparlf snirg prbmlnt gbr fltiaks be dbw tb wae bel bg tdrll oats watd ikk tdl Pbwie Oaf Nkissan yire elnlssiry tb jiol tdl snirg‖nbjpkajlets snirg‖ nbjpkajlets bg Pbwie.
Aetlrwlivl 089 List Gburtd ^trllt Kbvlkief, Nbkbrifb 48<>3 (138) 771-3730
Eb Xurndisl Elnlssiry. Elnlssiry. Vl cavliwiy bg > oats bg Pbwie Oaf Nkissan yire tb jiol XalnlSbro‑ s ‛I Oil GisslttAesparlf ^nirg tb Oeat‚ stirts be Flnlj`lr 94, 0881, it 90 jafeacdt J^ ief lefs be Jirnd 9, 0898, it 90 jafeacdt J^. Cavliwiy Cavliwiy as bple tb rlsaflets bg tdl <8 \eatlf ^titls (ief F.N.) 94 ylirs ief bkflr. Gbr letry ief bnaik rukls cb tb pa lnljiciza lnljicizael.nbj, el.nbj, nkano be ‛I Oil Gissltt-Aesparlf ^n irg tb Oeat.‚ Wbaf Wbaf wdlrl prbda` atlf. ^pbesbr as Aetlrwlivl Xrlss, KKN, 089 List Gburtd ^trllt, Kbvlkief, NB 48<>3.
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LFAVBP-AE-NDALG= Mliel
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XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Ie Isparl Jlfai Nbjpiey Wasat tdl Aetlrwlivl wl`satl it aetlrwlivl.nbj.
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Gbr i fasslrtitabe be ellfklwbro furaec Sbrkf Sir AA, tlxtakls tlxta kls stuflet Kyee-Oaj`lr Bplesdiw wbukf kaol tb dlir rbj ieybel wdb rljlj`lrs fbaec ellfklwbro furaec tdit plrabf. Nbetint Kyee it Gkit 98@ Nkb vlkky, vlkk y, 08 @ki @kinowit nowitlr lr Pf., Lis List`bu t`burel rel,, Lis Listt ^usslx @E09 6MY, Leckief? kyeebplesdiwH `taetlrelt.nbj.
^lef ybur nbjjlets, qulstabes, ief aflis tb ‛@y Xbst,‚ n/b XalnlSbro, 089 L. Gburtd ^t., Kbvlkief, NB 48<>3-<7<
I Jaeaiturl Kinl Vi`klnkbtd tb Oeat grbj tdl ^lptlj`lr/Bntb`lr 0881 assul.
Mlss grbj Vl Nbkbursnipl Nbkklntabe Qires Q ires flsacelf `y Oil Gissltt Gissltt
Pbwie grbj Slstjaestlr Ga`lrs, Aen. 9-488-66<-1037 www.oeatrbwie.nbj
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XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Ae tdl aestruntabes br ‛I Jaeaiturl Kinl Vi`klnkbtd tb Oeat‚ (^lptlj`lr/Bntb`lr 0881), Pbuef 69 sdbukf rlif= Pef 69= *^so, yb, sso, yb, o0, sk 9 o0tbc pssb, o0, yb, o0tbc, yb, o0tbc, yb, o0, o0tbc, yb, o9, yb, o3, yb, o9, yb, sso, o0, yb? rlp rbj * y ttb lef. I nbrrlntlf ndirt as iviakii`kl be bur wl`satl, sdbwaec tdl ttwb iffatabeik oeat statndls ae tdl sslnbef-tb-kist nkustlr (rlifaec rbj racdt tb klt)= palnlwbrojiciz palnlwbrojicizael ael .nbj? nkano be ‛Nbrrlntabes‚ ae tdl kast be tdl klg, tdle be ‛ XalnlSbro jicizael nbrrlntabes.‚
M bae bae tdl P LIFLP LIFLP I FWA^BPQ FWA^BPQ X IELK I^ I JL J@ LP bg tdas slklnt pielk, ybu wakk dlkp BPO us sdipl XALNL S BPO aetb tdl `lst ellfklwbro jicizael wl nie flkavlr. Must tlkk us wdit ybu tdaeo. ^lvlrik tajls i ylir wl‑kk nbetint nbetint ybu `y \.^. jiak, l-jiak, br tlklpdbel tb rlqulst ybur gllf`ino ief cuafienl be i viralty bg tbpans ief assuls rlkitlf tb tdl jicizael. Vb `lnbjl i jlj`lr bg tdl BPO XALNL S BPO P LIFLP I FWA^BPQ X IELK, LIFLP I FWA^BPQ X
pklisl kbc be tb www.palnlwbrojicizael.nbj I FWA^BPQ X IELK LIFLP I FWA^BPQ X Nkano be P LIFLP be klgt ief nbjpkltl tdl sdbrt survly.
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Satd ybur dlkp XALNL S BPO BPO nie `lnbjl lvlrytdaec ybu wiet at tb `l!
^lwaec
Oeattaec
Glktaec Ellfklpbaet
Lj`rbaflry
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Lxnkusavl oats gbr Ga`lr Irts gieitans. www.palnlwbrojicizael.nbj
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Nikk gbr Letrals. Muel 91„Muky 93. Ga`lrwbros 0898, 387 S. ^dlrafie, Bokidbji Naty, Bokidbji. Letry flifkael gbr Jltijbrpdbsas `y Jltijbrpdbsas `y Miel ^issijie. intuik wbro= Muel 90 ief 96. 0888. Vdl Elw Leckief Yuakt (68<) 4>9-806
^ie Grienasnb, Nikagbreai.
Iprak 00„^lptlj`lr 04. Plaevletaec Plae vletaec Patuik= Nbetljpbriry Irt ief Flsace gbr Fltiak Wantbraie nrizy quakt Mlwasd Kagl, it tdl NbetljpbNbetljpb`y Gkbri Lkkle Mleoaes. 9443. riry Mlwasd Jusluj. (69<) Lkklel ^ujelr fbeitabe, ^ie 7<<-34 7< <-34>6? >6? www.tdlmn www.tdlmnj.brc. j.brc. Mbsl Jusluj bg bg Yuakts & ^ie Mbsl, Nikagbreai. Vlxtakls, ^ie Mbsl, Nikagbreai. Vdrbucd Gl`ruiry 3. ^takk Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg tdl Nrizy, it tdl ^ie Mbsl Jusluj ^ie Mbsl Jusluj bg Yuakts bg Yuakts & Vlxtakls. (684) 139& Vlxtakls. 8>0> 8> 0>?? www.smquaktjusluj.brc. Vbrrienl, Nikagbreai. Gl`ruiry 08„09. ^butd @iy Yuaktlrs Cuakf‑s Yuakt ^dbw= Vdarty Qlirs bg Yu aktaec, it tdl Vbrrienl Nukturik Ir ts Nletlr. (>98) >30->16
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Kbwlkk, Jissindusltts Jissindu sltts.. Vdrbucd Gl`ruiry 0<. 0<. Jistlrs= 68 Nbetljpbriry Irt Yuaktlrs, it tdl Elw Leckief Yuakt Jusluj. (134) 6<0-6083? www .elquaktjusluj.brc. Jiendlstlr, Leckief. Jirnd 3. Vdl Vlxtakl ^bnalty‑s Jiendlstlr Giar, it Irjaticl Nletrl, Gikkbwlkf. 83391> 63<90? www.tlxtaklsbnalty.brc.uo. ^QJ XB^ A\ J^, SBPO ^D BX ^, NBE^ \JLP ^ D BS^ , VPIWLK
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Elw Qbro, Elw Qbro. Mieuiry 09„0 09„06. 6. Vdl Ijlranie Ietaquls ^dbw, spbesbrlf `y Vdl Jicizael Ietaquls, it tdl
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Ijlranie Gbko Irt Jusluj. (090) 07<-9868? www.gbkoirt jusluj.brc.
Dirras`urc, Xleesykvieai. Jirnd 6„3. Kifals & Cletkljle bg tdl 9478s Nbeglrlenl= Nkbtdaec ief Nukturl bg tdl Navak Sir Lri, it Nijp Dakk. (393) >>3-804>? www.cletllk irts.nbj.
Kienistlr, Xleesykvieai.
Cuitljiki. Ebvlj`lr 99„ 08. Irt Sbrosdbps ae Cuitljiki= Slivaec, Vlxtakls ief Nrigt Vbur. (790) 40<-8363? aegbHirtcuit.brc? www .irtcuit.brc. Jyiejir (@urji). Mieuiry 08„Gl`ruiry 3. Vrifatabeik nrigts, tljpkls, irndilbkbcanik satls. Nrigt Sbrkf Vburs. (<4<) <64-0773? www .nrigtwbrkftburs.nbj. Xlru. Iprak 97„Jiy 3. Giar Vrifl Vlxtakl/Gbko Irt/ Jirolt Vburs. Xundoi Xlru. tlxtakltbursHpundoiplru.nbj? www.pundoiplru.nbj.
Jirnd 06„0 06„03 3. Ijlranie Ijl ranie Yuaktlr‑s ^bnalty Yuakt ^dbw ief Nbetlst, it tdl Kienistlr Nbuety Nbevletabe Nletlr. (038) 414-318>? www.ijlra niequaktlr.nbj @bkavai ief Xlru. Gl`ruiry Xklisl slef ybur lvlet aegbrjitabe it klist gbur jbetds `lgbrl tdl 4„00. Nireavik & Nrigts watd jbetd bg pu`kanitabe. Kastaecs Kastaecs Nyetdai KlNbuet ^ijiol. irl jifl is spinl as iviaki`kl? wl @ldaef tdl ^nlels Ifvlenieebt cuirietll tdit ybur kastaec turls. (383) 1>1-4436? wakk ipplir. kinyetdaiHvbj NIKLEFIP BEKAEL .nbj? www.`ts Vdas assul‑s kastaec bg lvlets as iksb ifvleturls.nbj.
iviaki`kl be bur wl`satl. Wasat palnlwbro iviaki`kl jicizael.nbj? nkano be Aesafl Vdas Assul.
gbr brflrs bvlr $988
M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
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Vdl Diipsiku ^diwk= I Oeattlf Kinl Vrifatabe grbj Lstbeai ^aara Plajiee ief Iajl Lfisa Leckasd lfatabe, Vûra, Lstbeai= ^iiri oarmistus, 0881, fastra`utlf `y Kinas, @lrolkly, Nikagbreai, ief \eanbre @bbos, Xltikuji, Nikagbreai. Dirf`buef, 943 picls, $78. A^@E 134-114<-110<-1->. jjj
Diipsiku, Lstbeai, as dbjl tb i kinl trifatabe tdit spies elirky 088 08 8 ylirs. Ae iffatabe tb trinaec tr inaec tdl lvbkutabe b tdit trifatabe, ^aara Plajiee ief Iajl Lfisa, `btd tlindlrs ief oeattlrs ae Diipsiku, blr 908 nletlr ief 1 kinl-lfcl pittlres nbkklntlf `y tdl oeattlrs b Diipsiku, furaec i kaltajl b oeattaec. Ndirts watd lisy-tb-rlif syj`bks suppkljlet nklir nbkbr pdbtbcripds pdbtbcripds b tdl pittlres. Vl fltiaklf aestruntabes br tdl trifatabeik jltdjlt dbf b nbestruntaec i Diipsiku sdiwk‖rlntiecukir ae sdipl ief ikwiys �easdlf watd i kiny lfcl tdit as oeattlf slpiritlky ief slwe betb tdl nbjpkltlf nletlr‖irl suplr`. aps rbj �vl b Diipsiku‑s jistlr oeattlrs urtdlr ur tdlr dlkp lesurl sunnlssuk sunnlssu k nbjpkltabe b i sdiwk. Vl kinl trifatabe ief tdl stbry b Diipsiku irl aetlrtwaelf= tdl kbvlky tbwe, kbnitlf be i `iy be Lstbeai‑s wlst nbist, �kklf watd wbbfle dbusls tdljslkvls flnbritlf watd kiny breijlets ief witndlf bvlr `y i jlfalvik nistkl, `lnijl i tburast flstaeitabe ae tdl lirky eaeltlletd nletury? at wis tdl tburasts wdb aesparlf tdl wbjle b Diipsiku tb oeat ief slkk kinl sdiwks ief snirvls. Jbrl tdie brty nbkbr pdbtbcripds‖ajicls b Diipsiku rbj dastbran irndavls is wlkk is ae jbflre tajls ief b oeattlrs pist ief prlslet‖akkustritl tdl tlxt ief tlkk i stbry b tdlar bwe. A ybu kbvl oeattaec kinl ief divl ie aetlrlst ae trifatabe, tdas `bbo wakk blr ybu jiey dippy dburs, fiys, ief‖firl A siy‖ylirs b isnaeitaec oeattaec. ‖Eieny @usd Vwastlf-^t wastlf-^tatnd atnd Oeattaec= Vrifatabeik Xittlres & Cir jlets grbj tdl ^tyraie Lees Wikkly Jirai Lrk`indlr Leckasd lfatabe, Xattsvakkl, Sasnbesae= ^ndbbkdbusl Xrlss, 0881. ^bgt`buef, 086 picls, $04. A^@E 134-8-160894->8-9.
Ae twastlf-statnd oeattaec, oeat statndls irl ‛wbrolf aetb tdl `ino kbbp, prbfunaec twastlf statndls wdand irl jbrl prbebuenlf. prbebuenlf. . . . Jbtas irl nrlitlf `y nrbssaec twastlf oeat statndls tb tdl klg br racdt bvlr btdlr statndls.‚ Vl twastlf-statnd pittlres prlsletlf dlrl irl bels tdit oeattlrs ae tdl ^tyraie Lees Wikkly b Iustrai divl `lle pissaec fbwe saenl tdl lacdtlletd nletury. Bel b tdbsl oeattlrs, Vloki ]laklr (944>„9178), as rlspbesa`kl br i`but 9<8 falrlet jbtas, jiey b wdand irl aenkuflf dlrl. Kiyaec dlr ellfkls isafl, ]laklr iksb wbrolf is i irjdief, fiy ki`brlr, ief soa aestruntbr. Iutdbr Jirai Lrk`indlr, wdb dis dlrslk tiucdt tdl tlndeaqul, dis flfanitlf dlrslk tb urtdlraec tdl wbro b ] laklr ief tdl btdlr oeattlrs wdb nrlitlf tdas Iustraie bko irt. Vl `bbo‑s lndeaquls slntabe blrs nklir akkustritabes, `kino-ief-wdatl pdbtbcripds b switnd fltiaks, ief farlntabes br rlifaec tdl ndirts. Gbkkbwaec irl ndirts ief fltiak pdbtbcripds br 936 pittlres, aenkufaec @ureaec Kbvl ae i raieckl, Ikpael Xitd, ief Xalnlf Ndiae watd Xkuj Xat. Xrbmlnts br jle‑s, wbjle‑s, ief `by‑s stbnoaecs, i vlst, ief nirfacies br jle, wbjle, ief ndakfrle irl innbjpiealf `y stlp-`y-stlp aestruntabes, ndirts, sndljitans, ief prbnlss pdbtbcripds. Vl iutdbr‑s taps ief lenburicljlet irl aevikui`kl. Vas as i su`stietavl just-divl br oeattlrs wdb kbvl trifatabeik pittlres. Vly wakk �ef tdl pbssa`akatals br utakazaec tdl tlndeaqul elirky lefklss. ‖Iefy JinOlezal
Ikanl ^tirjbrl‑ ^tir jbrl‑ss @bbo bg Giar Askl Oeattaec Ikanl ^tirjbrl Jaelbki, Elw Qbro= Fbvlr, 0881. ^bgt`buef, 084 picls, $06.1<. A^@E 134-8-647-63094-4.
It kist, Ikanl ^tirjbrl‑s sljaeik `bbo, bracaeikky pu`kasdlf ae 9144, as `ino ae tdas rlpraetlf lfatabe nbjpkltl watd rlvaslf suppkalr aebrjitabe, ie upfitlf `abcripdy b tdl iutdbr, ief pdbtbcripds pdbtbcripds b sbjl b dlr rlnlet wbro. Qbu‑kk Qbu‑kk �ef i jltanukbusky jltanu kbusky rlslirndlf ief `liutaukky akkustritlf dastbry b ^nbtkief‑s ^nbtkief‑s Giar Askl oeattaec? pittlre ndirts? fltiak pdbtbcripds ae nbkbr? i su`stietaik tlndeaqul slntabe watd nbkbr akkustritabes tdit as ikjbst kaol divaec i plrsbeik wbrosdbp watd Ikanl? ief burtlle prbmlnts watd stlp-`y-stlp aestruntabes, lind aj`ulf watd Ikanl‑s saceiturl stykl. Ikanl ^tirjbrl‑s ilntabe br ief aetlrlst ae Giar Askl oeattaec as nbeticabus. A ybu irl aetlrlstlf ae strieflf-nbkbr oeattaec, tdas as tdl t dl `bbo br ybu. ‖Iklxiefri Listjie
4
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
gljaeael fltiaks
kinl, `b``kls, ief `bws
lembyi`kl l i oeattaec
Gljaeael Oeats= 00 Vajlklss Flsaces `y Klel Dbkjl ^ijsôl Vdas aetracuaec pittlre nbkklntabe `klefs 00 niptavitaec flsaces watd ffittlraec, gljaeael sakdbulttls tdit ybu‑kk `l liclr tb stirt ief flkacdtlf tb easd. Satd soarts, minolts, tieos, pukkbvlrs, ief innlssbrals, Gljaeael Oeats sdbwnisls tlxturl, kinl, ief ueusuik pittlre nbestruntabe. Aesparlf `y nurrlet ief vaeticl gisdabe ief tdl jitdljitanik isplnt bg flsace, Fieasd oeatwlir flsacelr Klel Dbkjl ^ijsôl gliturls prbmlnts gbr lvlry slisbe, soakk klvlk, tajl nbjjatjlet, ief bnnisabe. $06.1< A^@E 134-9-<1774-968-4
aetlrwlivlstbrl.nbj l M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
XALNLSBPO
1
@ir`iri C. Sikolr‑s Faijbef @isoltwlivl pittlre sdbwe watd oeattaec farlntabe rbtitlf. Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
98
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Elw Xittlre ^tatnd g grbj rbj i Oeattaec Klclef
I
Faijbef @isoltwliv @isolt wlivll @IP@IPI C. SIKOLP
V
das `rief elw pittlre statnd usls ebtdaec `ut `isan oeat ief purk statndls. At as >0
statndls wafl ief >0 rbws dacd. Vdl pittlre kbbos tikklr be tdl ndirt, wdand sdbws tdl racdt safl b tdl i`ran, tdie at kbbos ae intuik oeattaec `lniusl tdl purklf rbws �ittle tdl flsace ief iff waftd. Gbkkbw tdl ndirt rbj racdt tb klg be racdt-safl (bff-euj`lrlf) rbws ief rbj klg tb racdt be wrbec-safl (lvle-euj`lrlf) rbws. @kieo squirls aefanitl statndls tdit irl oeattlf be tdl racdt safl, purklf be tdl wrbec safl? fbttlf squirls aefanitl statndls tdit irl purklf be tdl racdt safl, oeattlf be tdl wrbec safl. I @ B \ V V D L F L ^ A C E L P . @ir`iri C. Sikolr as tdl aevletbr bg jbrl
tdie i tdbusief bracaeik pittlre statndls. Dlr oeattaec `bbos, rlpraetlf `y ^ndbbkdbusl Xrlss ae Xattsvakkl, Sasnbesae, irl= I Vr Vrlisury lisury bg Oeattaec Xittlres (9174? rlpraet, 9114), I 9114), I ^lnbef Vrlisury Vrlisury bg Oeattaec Xittlres (914? taec ,913>? rlpraet, 0889), Jbsian 0889), Jbsian Oeattaec (9137? rlpraet, 0887), Oeattaec grbj tdl Vbp Vbp (9130? rlpraet, 9117), ief @ir`ir ief @ir`irii Sikolr‑s Sikolr‑s Klire-tb-Oeat Igcdie @bbo (9136? rlpraet, 9113). Ae iffatabe, @ir`iri dis wrattle lklvle ebeoeattaec `bbos, jbstky be gljaeast tdljls, aenkufaec tdl 9,988-picl Sbjie‑s Lenynkbplfai bg Jytds ief ^lnrlts (^ie Grienasnb= Dirplr, 914>), wdand rlnlavlf i @bbo bg tdl Qlir iwirf grbj Kbefbe‑s fiaky elwspiplr Vdl Vdl Vajls. Vajls. ^dl iksb nrlitlf bracaeik piaetaecs gbr tdl ‛@ir`iri Sikolr Sikolr Virbt Flno‚ Fln o‚ ief tdl ‛A Ndaec bg tdl Cbfflss‚ nirfs. ^dl dis fbel prbglssabeik flsaceaec gbr yire nbjpieals, ief @ir`iri plrsbeikky oeattlf lvlry bel bg tdl duefrlfs bg switndls sdbwe ae dlr `bbos is wlkk is tdl bel sdbwe dlrl.
Faijbef @isoltwlivl Juktapkl bg >0 sts >0 >8 04 07 06
o be P^, p be S^ p be P^, o be S^ Ndirt jiy `l pdbtbnbpalf gbr plrsbeik usl. Lklntrbean ndirt `y Jirn Bwles.
08 94 97 96 90 98 4
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0898
X ALNLS BPO
99
SDB SI^ JA^^ JBELQ2
Ae ^lirnd bg i Wantbraie Oeattlr M\EL DIKK
Jass Jbely‑s Gky‑s @bfy pittlre watd bracaeik sijpkl oeattlf ae nbttbe. \eklss btdlrwasl ebtlf, ikk pdbtbcripds nburtlsy bg tdl iutdbr.
X
\@KA^DLF AE^P\NABE^ gbr oeattaec wlrl ebt pkletaguk `lgbrl i`but 9468, iktdbucd `y tdit tajl
oeattaec dif i nleturals-bkf pkinl ae `btd fbjlstan ief nbjjlrnaik prbfuntabe. prbfuntabe. Qbuec Qbuec oeattlrs klirelf `y lxijpkl? soakks wlrl pisslf fbwe grbj jbtdlr tb fiucdtlr. @lcaeeaec ae tdl saxtlletd nletury, sndbbks dif
`lle lsti`kasdlf ae Leckasd tbwes tb prbvafl oeattaec aestruntabe gbr pbbr carks tb triae tdlj gbr uslguk wbro. Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt bg Grlend Flsaces gbr Aeslrtabe Kinl Nus, Lfcaecs ief Nbkkirs `y Nbkkirs `y I Xirasaie Kify (Kbefbe= ^dlrwbbf, 9467), watd eael pittlres gbr oeattlf kinl lfcls ief aeslrtabes, as ie lirky lxijpkl bg ats oaef. Kinl, gbr trajjaec `btd frlss ief dbusldbkf kaele, wis gisdabei`kl ae tdl lirky ylirs bg Yulle Wantbrai Wantbrai‑‑s rlace (94>3„ 9189). @b``ae kinl prb`i`ky wis tdl jbst nbjjbe gbrj, `ut oeattlf kinl iksb wis pbpukir. @y tdl kitl 9468s, kinl oeattaec wis lvbkvaec grbj i sajpkl lfcaec usaec oeat ief purk statndls tb jbrl nbjpklx flsaces watd pittlres bg dbkls ief btdlr gliturls. Vl bwelr bg i slnbefdief `b bosdbp ae Qbrosdarl, Qbrosdarl, Leckief, fasnbvlrlf i nbpy bg Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt ae ae tdl 9138s ief civl at tb bel bg jy gralefs, i olle oeattlr, wdb ae ture civl at tb jl. Be tdl �yklig ae giflf aeo as tdl aesnraptabe Jass Jbely Gbuksdij 9463 Satdae tdl picls bg tdl `bbo, A wis lxnatlf tb gaef gbur picls, lind jlisuraec must ueflr 7» `y 6 aendls (97 `y 98 nj), wdand dif `lle tbre grbj i ebtl`bbo. Be tdlsl picls, ae tdl sijl diefwrataec is tdl aesnraptabe be
90
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
tdl �yklig, irl ‛Aestruntabes gbr oeattlf Kinl & Aeslrtabe‚ Aeslrtabe‚ watd farlntabes gbr gburtlle lfcaecs ief aeslrtabes. ^jikk oeattlf sijpkls statndlf betb tdl piplr innbjpiey sax bg tdlj. Ebel bg tdl pittlres ipplirs ae Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt . A nikk tdlsl picls ‛Jass Jbely‑s Xittlres.‚ Xlrdips tdl jbst aetracuaec gliturl bg tdlsl picls as tdl wiy ae wdand tdl pittlres irl wrattle. Vl farlntabes ae Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt irl lxpkanat, wrattle ae prbsl? lvle tdl euj`lrs irl wrattle is wbrfs, ebt eujlriks. Jass Jbely‑s Xittlres, ae nbetrist, irl wrattle ae wdit nie beky `l flsnra`lf is i nbfl watd i glw wbrfs ijbec tdl syj`bks? A dif elvlr slle kinl oeattaec aestruntabes wrattle ae tdas nbfl. Vl pittlre gbr tdl ^ixbe Lfcaec grbj Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt ae tdl safl`ir be picl 9> wlkk akkustritls tdl falrlenl `ltwlle pu`kasdlf pittlres ief Jass Jbely‑s Jbely‑s jieusnrapt nbfl iktdbucd Jass Jbely fbls usl tdl trifatabeik wbrf ‛kbbp‚ gbr ‛statnd.‚ ^bjl bg tdl pittlres divl eijls sund is ^dlkk Xittlre, Xrlnabus Lfcl, ief Crlnaie Ebt (san)? btdlrs irl sajpky flsnraptavl= Kinl, Aeslrtabe, Lfcaec watd 0 Dbkls. Vl syj`bks irl 8s, Ts, 9s, >s, 6s, ief
KLGV= Aesnraptabe
Sdb wis Jass Jbely2 Gbuksdij, tdl pkinl eijl be tdl �ykli b Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt , as i sjikk vakkicl ae tdl nbuety b Ebrbko ae listlre Leckief. @ut eitabeik nlesus rltures br 9469 ief 94<9 ief tdl nbuety‑s trifl farlntbrals b 946<, 94<8, ief 94<6 rlnbrf eb bel eijlf Jbely ae Gbuksdij ae tdbsl ylirs. Ebeltdlklss, Jbely wis ebt ie uenbjjbe ijaky eijl ae listlre Leckief, ief tdl 94<9 nlesus br tdl nbuety b Ebrbko, lxnkufaec Gbuksdij (pbpukitabe 9,888 ae 94<9), nbetiaes fbzles b letrals br saeckl wbjle `ltwlle tdl icls b lacdtlle ief tdarty watd tdas sureijl. Iey‖br ebel‖b tdlj nbukf divl `lle ‛bur‚ Jass Jbely. Ebrbko as stakk kirclky rurik. Ae jlfalvik tajls, at wis bel b tdl jbst dacdky p bpukitlf ief wliktdy nbuetals
ae Leckief? jund b ats wliktd wis flravlf rbj wbbk ief nkbtd prbfuntabe. Ats kbec slinbist, benl `usy watd trifaec sdaps, as ebw i divle br sli`arfs ief as pbpukir watd vasatbrs. Fravaec tdrbucd tdl qualt, kit kiefsnipl tbwirf Gbuksdij, A stbpplf `y i alkf b rapleaec wdlit `brflrlf `y wakf �bwlrs‖nbev �bwlrs‖nbevbkvukus, bkvukus, diwo`at, ief sbrrlk. Vl slttaec, watd tdl wbbfs ief pisturls `lybef, nbukf divl `lle 9463. Ae tdl bppbsatl farlntabe, dbwlvlr, dbwlvlr, A siw i `usy jiae rbif, ie iarnrig ia rnrig �lw bvlrdlif, ief jy fiyfrlij b tdl pist wis `rbole. I slrabus arl ae 9338 flstrbylf Gbuksdij‑s ndurnd ief burtlle dbusls? tdl �aet ndurnd tbwlr, dbwlvlr, wis sivlf ief tdl rlst b tdl tbwe rl`uakt. Ae 9463, tdl �rl
be tdl ffyklig bg tdl iutdbr‑s nbpy bg Vdl Ki- fals‑ Ni`aelt bg Grlend Flsaces gbr Aeslrtabe Kinl Nuggs, Lfcaecs ief Nbkkirs (Kbefbe= Nbkkirs (Kbefbe= ^dlrwbbf, 9467). PACDV= Gbuksdij vakkicl nletlr sdbwaec kitl-lacdtlletdnletury dbusls ief tdl tbwlr bg tdl Ndurnd bg tdl Dbky Aeebnlets.
Vdl Kifals‑ Kifals‑ Ni`aelt
dl rbetaspalnl b Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt bg Grlend Flsaces gbr Aeslr tabe Kinl Nus, Lfcaecs L fcaecs ief Nbkkirs `y I Xirasaie Kify (Kbefbe= ^dlrwbbf, 9467) sdbws tdl flsace br i nbkkir, Xraenlss Ikanl Xittlre. Vl bkkbwaec ndirt ief t dl ^ixbe Lfcaec irl rbj tdl `bbo. Xittlre Xiras Kinl Aeslrtabe Nbkkir Lfcl br br tdl Nbkkir Bple @russlks Kinl Nu Lfcaec, Dlklei Iucusti Xittlre Aeslrtabe Kinl Nus Vl Lfcl br Nus Aeslrtabe Kinl Lfcaec Clrjie Lfcaec ^ixbe Lfcaec
Xae ^azl 97 97 94 91 93 93 08 09 00
Vrlif, ^ax-Nbrf 04 04 >8 >0 >6 >6 >7 >4 68
^ixbe Lfcaec Nist be sax statndls. Garst Pbw. ^kap bel, oeat twb pkiae, `raec tdl nbttbe brwirf, oeat twb tbcltdlr, jiol twb, oeat bel. ^lnbef Pbw. Oeat twb pkiae, purk bel, oeat pkiae takk tdrll rljiae, jiol bel, oeat twb tbcltdlr, oeat bel. Varf Pbw. iol b bel, oeat twb pkiae, jiol bel, oeat twb tbcltdlr, oeat pkiae tb tdl lef b tdl rbw.
Vdl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt bg Grlend Flsaces gbr Aeslrtabe Kinl Nuggs, Lfcaecs ief Nbkkirs grbetaspalnl Nbkkirs grbetaspalnl (Kbefbe= ^dlrwbbf, 9467).
Gburtd Pbw. Pbw. Nist b twb, oeat pkiae takk tdrll rljiae, oeat twb tbcltdlr, oeat bel. Ebtl= Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt rlnbjjlefs @ir`lr‑s sax-nbrf tdrlif. M. K. @ir`lr‑s nbjpiey ae Ebrwand, tdl ienalet nitdlfrik naty b Ebrbko nbuety, wis wlkk lsti`kasdlf `y tdl 9468s. ‖M. D.
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
XALNLSBPO
9>
Jass Jbely‑s Xittlres dl bkkbwaec jitlraik as tiole
rbj tdl bur picls fasnbvlrlf ae jy nbpy b Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt bg Grlend Flsaces gbr Aeslrtabe Kinl Nuggs, Lfcaecs ief Nbkkirs , wdand A divl eijlf ‛Jass Jbely‑s Xittlres,‚ ikbec watd jy trieskitabe b tdl syj`bks. Qbu jiy usl tdl pittlres is aetleflf‖tb nrlitl ael kinl‖ br llk rll tb �ef elw usls br tdlsl farlntabes tdit wlrl wrattle fbwe jbrl tdie 978 ylirs icb.
Vl Xittlres Kinl* Xrlnabus Lfcl* Lfcaec watd 0 Kircl Dbkls Ietajinissir Kli Xittlre @rlif riy Nbvlr Crlnaie Ebt* Nistkltbe Kinl
Vl ^yj`bks 9 : oeat 8 : yire brwirf > : purk T : oeat twb tbcltdlr < : skap bel statnd 6 : piss skapplf statnd bvlr Ae iffatabe, tdl euj-`lr > watd i vlrtanik ik kael tdrbucd at jlies es ‛purk twb tbcltdlr,‚ ief ef tdl wbrf ‛slij‚ ass i syebeyj br br ‛purk.‚
Gky‑s @bfy* ^dlkk Xittlre* Xittlre br Aeslrtabes, Pbsl Kli Bple Aeslrtabe* @lif ^tatnd Aeslrtabe * aefanitls tdbsl watd i oeattlf sijpkl
Kinl Nist be 3 Kbbps 9st 998888T88T9 0ef 999>99>9>99 >rf 9 tdl rbw 6td 9 tdl rbw
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Jass Jbely‑s Ietajinissir Xittlre Xittl Nist be 0< kbbps br lind strapl 9st TTTT98989898989898989TTTT TT 0ef 9 tdl rbw >rf > tdl rbw 6td 9 tdl rbw _Xrlsuji`ky,, tdl strapls nbukf `l _Xrlsuji`ky _Xrl slwe slw sl w tbcltdlr tb tdl waftd rlquarlf. Ae tdas plrabf, updbkstlry quar `lnijl vukelri`kl tb sbakaec `y `ln tdl jinissir bak tdit stykasd jle wlrl ippkyaec tb tdlar diar. Vus, wl tdl ifvlet b tdl ietajinissir, td i flnbritavl pielk b i`ran kiaf inrbss tdl `ino b ie irjndiar in br sbi tdit nbukf `l rljbvlf b lisaky br kiueflraec.Z l
Xrlnabus Lfcl Nist be 99 kbbps slij 9 rbw 9st 89<6999998T9 0ef <998T slij tdl rlst >rf 898T9T998T9 6td <998T slij tdl rlst
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Jass Jbely‑s Kinl ief Xrlnabus Lfcl pittlres watd bracaeik sijpkls oeattlf ae nbttbe.
wbukf divl `lle must watdae tdl kavaec jljbry b tdl bkflst rlsaflets ief wbukf stakk divl `lle i tbpan b nbe vlrsitabe. Vl vakkicl nletlr as rijlf `y tdl lklciet kitlkitllacdtlletd-nletury dbusls ief kbbos jund is at wbukf divl ae Jass Jbely‑s Jbely‑s tajl (a wl acebrl tdl rbif surinl ief nkuttlr b pirolf nirs). Vl nbjjueaty wis typanik b jbst Leckasd vakkicls ae tdl jaf-eaeltlletd nletury, watd irjlrs, triflsjle, ief nrig wbrolrs usaec kbnik jitlraiks? i frlssjiolr, `isoltjiolr, `rlwlr, crbnlr, friplr, `bboslkklr, vltlraeiry surclbe, sbkanatbr, ief surclbe prb vafaec slrvanls br tdl aedi`atiets. Is ie uejirralf wbjie, Jass Jbely nbukf divl `lle kavaec ae Gbuksdij ae tdl flnifl `ltwlle tdl eitabeik nlesusls. ^dl nbukf divl `lle i cbvlrelss br eursljiaf ae bel b tdl Clbrcaie Cl brcaie dbusls elir tdl vakkicl nletlr. ^dl jiy divl `lle stiyaec watd rlkitavls, splefaec tajl is nbjpieabe tb ie iuet br criefjbtdlr criefjbtdlr.. Jiy`l sdl wis
96
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Gky‑s @bfy Nist be 4 kbbps 9st 9998T88T9 0ef 999>998T9 >rf 9998T988T9 6td 999>9998T9
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tlindaec ybuec carks ellfklwbro ief ellflf sijpkls tb sdbw tdlj. Br, jbrl rbjietanikky rbjietanikky,, ief quatl prb`i`ky, prb`i`ky, sdl wis prlpiraec dlr bwe trbussliu, tdl nkbtdls ief dbusldbkf kaele sdl wbukf ellf a ief wdle sdl jirralf. At slljs sil tb issujl, is sdl wis i katlritl plrsbe, tdit sdl nijl rbj i ijaky watd tdl jlies tb lfunitl dlr. Xlrdips sdl wis quatl ybuec‖tdl tatkl b bel pittlre as jassplkklf (Crlnaie Ebt aestlif b Oebt), ief slvlrik b tdl wrattle pittlres fb ebt wbro but watdbut ifmustjlet‖ ief uslf tdl tatkl ‛Jass‚ tb jiol dlrslk l lk crbwe up. It tdl Nbstujl ief lxtakl ^tufy Nletrl it Nirrbw Dbusl ae Ebrwand, A lxijaelf lxijpkls b jaf-eaeltlletd-nletury nbstujl ief oeattlf kinl. Jund b tdl kinl as uefitlf ief tdl jiolr(s) ji olr(s) ueoebwe, `ut tdl lxijpkls A siw wlrl nbjpiri`kl watd Jass Jbely‑s. A levasabelf Jass Jbely ae i narni 946< 946 < paeo-ief-`kul sdbt sako frlss rbj tdl nbkklntabe watd i sitae strap fbwe tdl rbet ae
Vdl Gky‑s Gky‑s FBEEI
@bfy Firl
FP\ND\EI^
Iglr Muel Dikk fastra`utlf tdl Gky‑s @bfy pittlre it kuend it tdl Jakl Dacd Kinl Nbelrlenl (dlkf ae Flevlr ae 0884), sdl ief A wlet tb i kbnik yire sdbp br i �`lr `rlio. Sdle A siw sbjl cbrclbus Bziro Diefspue yire tdit A dif tb `uy, Muel firlf jl tb usl at ief tdl Gky‑s @bfy pittlre tb jiol sbjltdaec tb wlir tb tdl `ieqult tdit eacdt. A `bucdt sbjl sazl 91 ellfkls, ief is sbbe is wl cbt `ino tb tdl dbtlk, A nist be. Vas niplklt as tdl rlsukt, ief A wbrl at tb tdl `ieqult tdit lvleaec. I@B\ DL I\DBP. Fbeei Frundueis as tdl iutdbr bg slvlrik `bbos, aenkufaec
Irntan Kinl= Oeattlf Xrbmlnts ief ^tbrals Aesparlf `y Ikisoi‑s Eitavl Oeattlrs ief Ltdean Ltdean Oeattaec Lxpkbritabe= Katduieai, Anlkief, ief Arlkief (Gbrt Nbkkaes, Nbkbrifb= Ebjif Xrlss, Xrl ss, 0887 ief i ef 0881, 088 1, rlsplntavlky). Wasat dlr wl`satl it www.sdllptbsdiwk.nbj.
paeo, `kul, ief wdatl trajjlf watd rundaec b tdl sijl jitlraik. Vl fbu`kl rbw b `uttbe `uttbess dis rbccaec ae `kulief-wdatl nbrf. Vl pbaetlf `bfanl dis i kbw W-elno, tdl kbec skllvls divl nus, ief tdl soart as ukk, ciuclf (pklitlf) it tdl wiast. It prlslet, wl fb ebt oebw‖plrdips wl‑kk elvlr oebw‖Jass Jbely‑s arst eijl, dlr icl, br wdit sdl kbbolf kaol? wdy sdl wrbtl dlr pittlres? a sdl aevletlf dlr nbfl br uslf i nurrlet nbevletabe? br dbw tdl picls nijl tb `l ae i ellfklwbro `bbo ae i Qbrosdarl `bbosdbp i`but 978 jakls (0<3 oj) rbj Gbuksdij ae tdl 9138s. Jbrl rlslirnd as elnlssiry, ief is i kbnik dastbraie, A sdikk klivl eb stbel ueturelf. Sdblvlr sdl wis, sdl dis klg
Niplklt oeattlf `y Fbeei Frundueis usaec Jass Jbely‑s Gky‑s @bfy pittlre. Xdbtbcripd `y Fbjaean Nbtacebki.
i isnaeitaec klciny ae tdl t dl lirky ief ueusuik lxijpkls b oeattlf kinl lfcaecs. It tdas sticl b jy slirnd, A ij pklislf tb sdirl jy flnbfaec b Jass Jbely‑s syj`bks ief sbjl b tdl pittlres watd ybu ief dbpl ybu lemby �efaec elw usls br tdlj. Lvletuikky,, A aetlef Lvletuikky a etlef tb prbfunl i nbjpkltl insajakl b `btd Jass Jbely‑s Xittlres ief Vl Kifals‑ Ni`aelt. ❗ I @ B \ DL I \ D B P . Muel Dikk kavls ae Nuj`rai, Nuj`rai, Leckie Leckief, f, wdlrl
sdl ollps i ffbno bg rirl ^biy sdllp. ^dl as i kbnik dastbraie, vanl ndiarjie bg tdl Lfle Lf le Wikkly Cuakf bg ^paeelrs, ^pae elrs,Slivlrs ief ie f Fylrs, ief tdl iutdbr bg Dleraltti Dlrfwano (Nuj`rai, Leckief= \eanbre Xrbmlnts, 0886), i ndakfrle‑s `bbo i`but Dlrfwano sdllp, i `rllf eitavl tb Leckief‑s Kiol Fastrant . Jass Jbely‑s Kinl pittlre oeattlf `y tdl iutdbr ae 6-pky ^dltkief wbbk.
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNLS BPO
9<
Oeattaec ae Mlwasd Katd Katduieai FBEEI F P\ND\EI^ SAD IEEI WLP^NDAO
V
I@BWL= Vdl
cdlttb ka`riry ae Wakeaus, Katduieai. 0881. @LKBS= Jljbraik ae tdl Xielraia (Xbeir) Gbrlst, 3 jakls (99.> oj) grbj Wakeaus, Katduieai, wdlrl Mlws grbj tdl Wakei Cdlttb wlrl oakklf ae 916>. 0881. Xdbtbcripds `y Dikkly Nbdle.
97
DL SBPF KAVL , Qaffasd br ‛Katduieai,‚ rllrs tb ie irli b Listlre Lurbpl tdit lxtlefs `lybef tdl `brflrs b prlslet-fiy Katduieai tb aenkufl pirts b Xbkief, @lkirus, ief Pussai wdlrl Mlwasd nukturl �burasdlf br nleturals. Vrll ylirs icb, A �rst vasatlf Katduieai tb klire i`but trifatabeik oeattaec. Bekael rllrlenls tb Mlwasd oeattlrs jletabelf tdit ae jiey vakkicls vak kicls,, is i s wlkk wl kk is ae sbjl kirclr natals, Mlws‖bgle nbjprasaec dik br jbrl b tdl prl„Sbrkf Sir AA (91>1„916<) pbpukitabe‖oeattlf br pklisurl ief br piy. @ut wdle A vasatlf tdl irli, A buef kattkl br eb jletabe b Mlwasd dastbry br nukturl. Jbrl tdie 18 plrnlet b Katduieaie Mlws wlrl jurflrlf `y tdl Eizas ief kbnik nbkki`britbrs furaec Sbrkf Sir AA, `ut A lxplntlf tb sll it klist rljeiets b tdl rand Mlwasd nukturik nbetra`utabe tb Katduieai ae juslujs. A wis surpraslf tb �ef beky i lw jletabes b Mlws ae Dbkbniust jljbraiks ief it jiss crivlsatls. Wartuikky eb Mlwasd jitlraik nukturl dis `lle prlslrvlf ae Katduieaie ltdebcripdan nbkklntabes. A nbenkuflf tdit tdl beky wiys tb �ef but wdit plbpkl wlrl oeattaec ae Mlwasd nbjjueatals wbukf wbukf `l tb tiko tb survavbrs, kbbo it bkf pdbtbcripds, pdbtbcri pds, ief rlif stitastans i`but trifls printanlf ae lind vakkicl ief naty naty..
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Is A `lcie tb pkie iebtdlr trap, tdas bel splna�nikky tb stufy Mlwasd dastbry ief nukturl `ut iksb b nbursl tb klire i`but oeattaec, oeattaec, i ralef slet jl i kaeo tb tdl 0881 ^ujjlr Katlriry ^ljaeir‑ ^ljaeir‑ss Mlwasd Katduieai Xrbcrij, i sljaeir br Leckasd spliolrs watd ‛i slrabus aetlrlst ae tdl Mlwasd katlriturl ief dlraticl b . . . Katl‚ ae Wakeaus. A ajjlfaitlky flnaflf tb ittlef. XLP^BEIK ^BPAL^
Furaec tdl prbcrij, A dlirf slvlrik Dbkbniust survavbrs tlkk tdlar stbrals. Ijbec tdlj wis Gieai @rietsbvsoiyi, @rietsbvsoi yi, wdb wis `bre ae Oiueis (Obveb) ae 9100 ief crlw up ae Wakeaus. Furaec tdl wir, Gieai kavlf ae tdl Wakeaus Cdlttb, rbj wdand sdl lsniplf katlrikky jaeutls `lbrl ikk tdbsl wdb rljiaelf‖jle, wbjle, ndakfrle, lvle aeiets‖ wlrl tiole tb tdl Xielraia (Xbeir) Gbrlst ief jurflrlf. A fbe‑t splio Qaffasd sb A isolf jy ralef Ieei Wlrsndao a sdl wbukf splio watd Gieai i`but oeattaec? dlr innbuet as ae tdl safl`ir be picl 94. DAFFLE E\CCL^
A lkt pravaklclf tb `l i`kl tb klire sb jund �rstdief aebrjitabe rbj Gieai ief tdl btdlr plbpkl A jlt furaec tdl prbcrij. Ae jiey nisls, dbwlvlr, ikk A wis i`kl tb �ef i`but oeattaec wlrl `ral jletabes ae b`snurl fbnujlets, watd lw fltiaks i`but tdl prbfunts jifl. Vl bkkbwaec irl i lw lxijpkls.
Grbj Vl Lenynkbpilfai bg Mlwasd Nbjjuea N bjjueatals tals ae Xbkief (Mlrusiklj= (Mlrusiklj= Qif Wisdlj, e.f.)= It tdl `lcaeeaec b tdl twletaltd nletury, ae Eifvarei, \oriael, ‛i`but 988 Mlwasd wbjle wbrolf ae dbjl-`islf `usaelssls jbstky ae oeattaec ief spaeeaec.‚ Grbj sdtltkaeos.mlwasdcle.brc= Ae @arŵaia (@arzd), Katduieai, ‛_tZdlrl wlrl iksb Mlwasd bwelf wlivaec ief oeattaec wbrosdbps wbrosdbps is wlkk is i kix prbnlssaec wbrosdbp wdlrl slvlrik Mlws wlrl ljpkbylf‚? ief ae \tlei (\tyie), ‛_tZwb kbnik Mlws lsti`kasdlf wbrosdbps br oeattaec sbnos, jiroltaec tdlar prbfunts jiaeky ae Wakei _WakeausZ, `ut iksb ae btdlr pkinls. Vlsl wbrosdbps ljpkbylf pbbr Mlwasd carks. . . .‚ A buef eujlrbus rllrlenls tb oeattlf sbnos. Innbrfaec tb Eieny Crlle ae ‛Cleflr ief Mb`s ae tdl Mlwasd Nbjjueaty= Lurbpl it tdl ure b tdl wletaltd Nletury‚ ( Mlwasd ^bnaik ^tufa ^tufals ls,, Wbkujl 4, Saetlr/^praec 0880),
A rljlj`lr divaec i kattkl `at b wbbk. ^aenl A kbvlf nits A oeattlf sbnos ief nkbtdaec br jy nit, ief tdle slet at aetb tdl t dl sebw tb sll dbw sdl ‛lembylf‚ ‛lembylf‚ tdl elw frlss. \p uetak tdl `lcaeeaec b Sbrkf Sir AA, Mlwasd wbjle ief carks wlrl intavlky aevbkvlf ae oeattaec ief ellfklwbro, `btd br plrsbeik usl ief is i sburnl b aenbjl. @ut ebrjik kal br Mlws ae Listlre Lurbpl leflf wdle tdl Eizas aeviflf. O E A A E C G B P ^ \ P W A W I K
I gijaky nijplf ae i gbrlst elir Kleae, Xbkief. Bel bg tdarty ajicls bg Mlwasd rlsastienl ae tdl lxda`atabe Xanturls bg Plsastienl= Vdl Sirtajl Xdbtbcripds bg Mlwasd Xirtasie Giyl ^ndukjie. Xdbtbcripd grbj I Xirtasies Jljbar
Lvle ae cdlttbs, ae nbenletritabe nijps, ae dafaec, ief ae tdl brlst �cdtaec watd pirtasies, Mlwasd wbjle ief carks nbetaeulf tb oeat. ^bjl oeattlrs jifl tdaecs br tdljslkvls ief tdlar kbvlf bels, btdlrs wbrolf be nbjjassabes, jioaec cirjlets ief innlssbrals br Mlws ief br Clrjie sbkfalrs? stakk btdlrs wbrolf ae oeattaec
Lvle ae cdlttbs, ae nbenletritabe nijps, ae dafaec, ief ae tdl gbrlst cdtaec watd pirtasies, Mlwasd wbjle ief carks nbetaeulf tb oeat.
`y Giyl ^ndukjie (Vbrbetb, (V brbetb, Betirab, Bet irab, Nieifi= ^lnbef ^tbry Xrlss, 911<). Gbr jbrl aegbrjitabe i`but tdl Mlwasd Xirtasies ief tdl pdbtbcripdy bg Giyl ^ndukjie, vasat www.mlwasd pirtasies.brc. Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg ^lnbef ^tbry Xrlss.
wbjle jifl up i`but bel-quirtlr b tdl Mlwasd wbrobrnl ae Listlre Lurbpl furaec tdl t dl kitl eaeltlletd nletury, suppbrtaec tdlar ijakals sb tdit tdlar dus`iefs nbukf stufy it tdl kbnik ylsdavi. ‛Sdit faf tdl wbjle fb2‚ Crlle isos. ‛Vly slwlf, br plrdips oeattlf. Ipprbxajitlky bur but b �vl Mlwasd wbjle irtasies wlrl slijstrlssls, oeat sbnos (pirtanukirky ae Wakei, wdlrl at wis i vlrati`kl splnaikty), br jifl dits br ckbvls.‚ Mufiani (Elw Qbro= JinGrbj dl Lenynkbpilfai Mufiani (Elw jakkie, 0887)= Ae eaeltlletd-nletury ^jbrcbe, @lkirus, ‛. . . tdl Mlws b tdl tbwe lirelf tdlar kavlkadbbfs rbj nirpletry, tdl oeattaec b sbnos, tdl `ioaec b `iclks (wdand wlrl ijbus tdrbucdbut Pussai), rltiak trifl, ief plffkaec.‚ Be tdl wl`satl, ‛Vl ‛ Vl ^dtltk ief A‚ (www.vasde (www.vasdeavl.brc/ avl.brc/ lRaeflx.dtjk), ae wdand Fvbri Pbcbvae Dlk`lrc dis rlnbrflf dlr jbtdlr‑s innbuet b dlr kal rbj 919< uetak iglr tdl lef b Sbrkf Sir AA= Jbtdlr tiucdt jl dbw tb oeat sbnos. Vlrl wlrl eb . . . oeattaec ellfkls. Sdit faf A fb2 A buef ie arbe warl ief Jbtdlr dlkplf jl nut at aetb avl oeattaec ellfkls. Vit wiy A klirelf dbw tb oeat sbnos. A uslf tb sp lef dburs uefbaec tdl statndls b bkf wbbkle stbnoaecs ief swlitlrs ief tdle oeattaec. . . . A uslf tb �x sbnos watd �vl oeattaec ellfkls. . .
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
XALNLSBPO
93
‛wbrosdbps‚ ief intbrals. Ieybel wdb dif i soakk, lvle ‛wbrosdbps‚ bel is slljaecky nbjjbepkinl is oeattaec, dif i survavik ifvieticl. Pljlj`rienl (lk Ivav= Juit Ae Vl Fasel @bbo bg Pljlj`rienl (lk Xrlss, 9117), Eaei ^jusdoae flsnra`ls oeattaec ae tdl Cku`bol Cdlttb= ‛bcltdlr watd jy sastlr A wbrolf ae i oeattaec wbrosdbp. Vl Clrjies civl us wbbk ief wl oeattlf sbnos, jattles, ief swlitlrs br tdlj.‚
Ae ‛Vl Flitd b tdl Mlwasd Nbjjueaty b @riskiv‚ (bekael irtankl, www.slkacjie.brc.ak/`riskivRdbkbniust .dtjk, 0884), ^ajbe Fu`ebv wratls= ‛dl Mlws b tdl cdlttb wlrl brnlf tb fb uesoakklf jleaik ki`br, sund is wisdaec �bbrs br tdl Clrjies, kbifa ec kbcs betb triaes, oeattaec sbnos ief ckbvls. Vly rlnlavlf 9< flob (9<8 c) b `rlif lind fiy, survavaec `y `irtlraec watd tdl plisiets tdbucd at wis br`affle tb splio spl io br trifl watd cletakls.‚ cletakls.‚
Gieai @rietsbvsoiyi‑s ^tbry Gieai klirelf tb oeat it s ndbbk. dl arst tdaec sdl jifl wis i nrbndltlf minolt wbrolf ae tdl rbuef. ‛A faf sbjltdaec wrbec, w rbec,‚ Gieai siaf, ‛ief aestlif b i minolt A cbt i nbkkir! At wis twastlf. Btdlrs dif i minolt ief A dif i nbkkir!‚ Kitlr, Gieai oeattlf i minolt, `ut tdl skllvls wlrl tbb eirrbw. ‛Jy jbtdlr nbjplkklf jl tb uerivlk ief rlfb at,‚ Gieai rljlj`lrs. ‛^dl fafe‑t oebw dbw tb oeat, `ut sdl wietlf at tb `l plrlnt. plrlnt.‚‚ It sndbbk, carks nrbndltlf jattles `lniusl oeattlf jattles wlrl ebt ae stykl. Gieai jifl i minolt ae jbss statnd, ‛i vlry prltty statnd pittlre,‚ tdit sdl tbbo tb tdl t dl brlst wdle sdl lsniplf rbj tdl cdlttb. ‛\ebrtueitlky, `lbrl tdl kist intabe wl `uralf ikk bur tdaecs ae i dbkl ae tdl wbbfs, ief tdlrl at rljiaelf!‚ Gieai‑s iuet crifuitlf rbj tdl Dak Furod Ir`lt _Dlkp tdrbucd SbroZ prblssabeik sndbbk br wbjle, wdlrl sdl klirelf slwaec, dit jioaec, lj`rbaflry, ief btdlr nrits. ^dl wbrolf ae tdl sdbp tdit sbkf yire ief lj`rbaflry innlssbrals, is wlkk is �easdlf palnls. Be Gieai‑s `artdfiy, dlr sastlrs cbt ‛rlik prlslets,‚ `ut Gieai cbt ‛sbjltdaec stirtlf tdit A dif tb �easd br sbjl yire.‚ ^dl rlnikks `laec fassitas�lf= ‛Lvlry`bfy cbt rlik prlslets ief A dif tb wbro!‚ @lbrl tdl wir, Mlwasd oeattlrs `bucdt nbkbruk wbbk yire ae sdbps irbuef Wakeaus, ief ‛uefylf plisiet wbbk‚ ief kaele ae tdl jirolt. ^dbps nirralf sako yire ief `bunká, wdand ‛wl `bucdt . . . furaec tdl ^bvalt bnnupitabe `lniusl wl ueflrstbbf tdit lvlrytdaec wbukf fasipplir‚ 94
XALNLSBPO
�nlrs `rbucdt tdl yire, `ut ‛_aZe slvlrik btdlrs wdb wlrl dlkplf tdl cdlttb, tdlrl wis i jlj`lr b tb lsnipl `y ‛i jie _wdbZ klt us sji kk citl. . . .‚ .‚ Jbtdl Mlwasd pbkanl,‚ Gieai siaf. ‛Dl but tdrbucd i sjikk wis i tlrra`kl plrsbe. A dif sbjl jlets kitlr, pbkanljle, wdb faf yire rbj `lbrl, ief A dif tb ebt rlnbceazl tdl carks is Mlws, jiol i `kbusl br das `rafl.‚ isolf tdlj tb nrbss tdl strllt ief ‛Vlrl wlrl btdlr plbpkl wdb jbvl iwiy rbj tdl cdlttb. Vl oeattlf.‚ Gieai rljlj`lrs, ‛ief kaquafitabe wis `lcaeeaec. Gieai plbpkl dif jattles tdit tdl Clr- ief tdl btdlrs jlt up watd prljies civl tdlj br wbro. Sl vabus vab us ls lsnip niplls lls ief ^bv ^bvalt alt pirwbukf uerivlk tdlj ief oeat. tasies ae tdl brlst, wdlrl tdly kavlf ief bucdt br tdl rljiaeflr b tdl wir. Gieai oeattlf ae tdl brlst wdle sdl wis watd tdl pirtasies. Dlr dus`ief‖‛it tdit tajl dl wise‑t jy dus`ief ylt‚‖dif i oeattlf swlitlr b ‛plisiet wbbk.‚ wbbk.‚ Sdle das dief wis wbueflf, ief dl nbukfe‑t nbukfe ‑t put das irj tdrbucd t drbucd tdl skllvl, Gieai rivlklf tdl swlitlr ief jifl i vlst. I ra�l wis lisalr tb nbjl `y tdie oeattaec ellfkls, is Gieai‑s jiae tiso watd tdl pirtasies wis �cdtaec. ‛Vlrl wis i cark watd kbec diar ief diarpaes,‚ Gieai rljlj`lrs. ‛A striacdtlelf tdl diarpaes ief jifl i piar b ellfkls.‚‚ Gieai nbetaeulf tb oeat ellfkls. ae tdl brlst is wlkk is tb slw. ‛Sl Gieai @rietsbvsoiyi. Wakeaus, Katduieai. 0881. jifl `kbusls rbj pirindutls Xdbtbcripd `y Ieei Wlrsndao lrsndao.. ief nbkbrlf tdlj watd beabe i wdakl, sdl wis i`kl tb usl oeat- das wis eacdt wbro . . . brflrs pllks ief dlr`s tb prlvlet tdlj taec soakks soakk s tb ivbaf jbrl fanukt rbj Mlws. Benl i cark . . . wiet- rbj kujaelsnlenl ae tdl firo.‚ Be Muky 9>, 9166, Gieai‑s pirwbro. lf i frlss. A wlet tb jy ralef‑s dl arst tdaec sdl jifl wis `lniusl A oelw dlr jbtdlr dif tasie ueat jirndlf aetb Wakeaus, ‛sbjltdaec kaol cikbsdls? tdly oeattlf dlr i frlss `lbrl tdl bkkbwaec tdl ^bvalt irjy. dl wlrl put be tdl sdbls br `bbts. wir. A tbbo tdl frlss ief nbuet- rlst b Gieai‑s ijaky dif plrasdlf. At wis ebt yire `ut sbjl oaef lf tdl aenrlisls ief flnrlisls, Gieai nbetaeulf tb oeat i kbt, bb pkiet, A fbe‑t oebw tdl eijl. dbw jiey statndls, ief sb be, ief tle rivlkaec bel irtankl tb usl tdl Clrjies wbukf `raec at.‚ Kitlr tdle A oeattlf jy �rst frlss.‚ Gi- yire br iebtdlr. ^dl tiucdt `btd Gieai cbt brflrs tb jiol nkbtdls eai iksb oeattlf sdiwks ief sbkf b dlr fiucdtlrs, wdb wlrl `bre itlr tdl wir, tb oeat, ief dlr br Clrjie banlrs‑ wavls ief tdlj tb plisiets. vlsts br tdl jle. jle. Vly Vly wlrl wlrl ‛eanl ‛eanl Be ^lptlj`lr 0>, 916>, Gieai criefndakfrle divl klirelf tb tdaecs watd `liutauk pittlres. A siaf cbbf`yl tb dlr pirlets, put oeat is wlkk. ‖I. W. stakk rljlj`lr bel, tdl Xlpatti be i waetlr nbit lvle tdbucd at nbkbr pittlre.‚ ^bjltajls tdl b- wis wirj, ief klg tdl cdlttb watd furaec wir. ^bjltajls oeattlrs rivlklf cirjlets tb jiol sbjltdaec elw. Gieai rljlj`lrs rlusaec yire rbj i crlle minolt tb jiol i sdiwk. Kaol ikk btdlr Mlws ae Wakeaus, Gieai wis brnlf tb jbvl aetb tdl cdlttb be ^lptlj`lr 7, 9169. ^dl wis eaeltlle ylirs bkf. It arst, Gieai wis ‛fravle tb dirf ki`br, tb fac fatndls ief sb be,‚ be,‚ `ut iglr
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Ae Dbkbniust= Nratanik Nbenlpts ae Dastbranik ^tufals, ^tufals, Wbk- sdbp `lbrl tdl wir. Satdbut dlsatitabe, ^ouritbvand ief ujl 6 (Gkbrlenl, (Gkbrlenl, Oletunoy= Oletunoy= Pbutklfcl, 0886), Fivaf Nl- dlr ijaky rljbvlf i slntabe b tdl wbbf �bbr ief fuc siriea ief ^irid Oivieiucd ebtl tdit ae \oriael, ‛_aZe i pat `lkbw, `lkbw, wdlrl tdl bur daf br 94 jbetds. . . Ae tdl tdl waetlr b 9160„916>, plisiet wbjle wlrl brflrlf pat, _tdl fiucdtlrZ oeattlf sbnos, ief it eacdt tdl itdlr tb ture bvlr qubtis b oeattlf ippirlk flsacelf br Clr- nijl but tb nbbo.‚ jie sbkfalrs? tdly iviaklf tdljslkvls b tdl wbro b MlwKbki Dufls @lkk, wdbsl jljbar Bel Nijl @ino a @ino ass asd carks wdb faf tdl oeattaec.‚ Ae iffatabe, ‛Ae brflr tb qubtlf ae ‛Vl @alksoa Gbrlst‚ `y dlr sbe, Q. Lran @lkk (bekavl, prasbelrs wlrl b`kaclf tb sllo wiys tb `lnbjl pirt kael irtankl, www.tdlelwijlranie.nbj/aeflx.pdp/dastb b tdl lnbebjan kal b tdl nijp tdrbucd ki`br, trifl, ry/lurbplie/90<1, 0881), rlnikks oeattaec wdakl watd tdl ief slrvanls. Vas intavaty wlet be ae ikk Eiza nijps. . Mlwasd @alksoa pirtasie crbup, wdand wis intavl ae tdl irli . . Ae ^oirŻysob, tdl —Piefbj wbjle‑ wlrl tdl arst tb b Xbkief tdit as ebw wlstlre @lkirus, ‛Bel iglrebbe tiol up nrigs. Iktdbucd jbst b tdlj wlrl flstatutl, tdly dif sjuccklf ae ikk jieelr b sjikk atljs tdit turelf but tb `l kalsivlrs‖slwaec ellfkls ief tdrlif, oeattaec ellfkls, snassbrs, jarrbrs . . . lvle `lffaec.‚‚ Qire dif tb `l paklrlf faec. pak lrlf rbj intbrals it tdl raso b flitd br purndislf rbj kbniks wdb brflrlf tdl �easdlf prbfunts. Cuirfs wlrl `ra`lf tb ikkbw yire aetb tdl cdlttb. Ae Plsakalenl ief Nburicl= Sbjle, Jle, ief tdl Dbkbniust (Elw (Elw Divle, Nbeelntanut= Qikl \eavlrsaty Xrlss, 088>), Elndiji ln tlkks b tdrll wbjle wdb wlrl slet tb tdl ^oirŻysob-Oijaleei nijp ae Xbkief, wdlrl ‛. . . tdly kavlf ae tdl sijl `irrino `ut wdakl A wis oeattaec i wbbkle snir, cuearl `rbol tdl wbrolf ae falrlet slntabes b tdl intbry. Bel . . . jlt i rlkitavl qualt ief nikj b tdl nijp. Clrjies ae rltrlit Xbkasd wbjie, ie butsafl ki`brlr, wdb `rbucdt wbbk tb rbj tdl list wdb wlrl rueeaec br tdlar kavls tdrbucd tdl dlr Mlwasd nb-wbrolrs ief isolf tdlj tb oeat swlitlrs br wbbfs stuj`klf upbe tdl @alksoa nijp. Vl pirtasies ief dlr. Vl tdrll carks sdirlf tdl wbro.‚ Innbrfaec tb bel b tdl Clrjies wlrl ae `ittkl.‚ tdl oeattlrs, ‛Vl tdrll b us wbukf jiol swlitlrs, ief \EAJICAEI@KL KB^^L^ tdl wbjie wdb civl us tdl yire piaf us watd `rlif. . . . Sdle wl dif i palnl b `rlif, wl favaflf at? wl wbukf Listlre Lurbplie Mlwasd sbnalty vartuikky wis waplf ebt dafl at `ut lit at tb prlvlet at rbj `laec stbkle.‚ but ae Sbrkf Sir Sir AA, ief tbfiy at as a s fa nukt tb t b �ef rljrlj Ae ‛Pacdtlbus Cletakls ae @lkirus Xirt b Kbnik Mlw- eiets b tdl jitlraik nukturl b nbjjueatals tdit dif surasd Nbjjueaty‚ (bekael irtankl, www.ensm.brc www.ensm.brc/IuxXic /IuxXicls ls vavlf ae tdas t das pirt b tdl t dl wbrf br duefrlfs b ylirs. Vl /830480M
[email protected], 0880), Ifij @. Lkkano wratls= kbss b oeattlf irtaints ief btdlr tlxtakls, is sif is at as, ‛Ae 9169, _WiefiZ ^ouritbvand ^ouritbvand wis dbjl watd dlr pir- as ebtdaec nbjpirlf watd tdl tlrrbr lefurlf `y tdl Mlws lets ae Jaeso _@lkirusZ wdle bur Mlws‖i itdlr, jbtd- furaec Sbrkf Sir AA ief tdl triclfy b kbst kavls tdit lelr, ief twb ndakfrle‖oebnolf be dlr fbbr. ^ouritbvand ^ouritbvand sulf. Vas irtankl as flfanitlf tb ikk b tdl Mlwasd oeattlrs rlnbceazlf tdl ijaky is bel tdit dif bwelf i elir`y ief ellfklwbrolrs wdb plrasdlf ae tdl ^lnbef Sbrkf
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
Xicls grbj Mlru- siklj bg Katdu- ieai, akkustritlf
ief fbnujletlf `y Klyzlr Pie (Elw Qbro= Vdl Kiurlitl Xrlss, 9136), flpantaec kagl ae Katduieai prl„ Sbrkf Sir AA (91>1„916<). Xdbtbcripds nburtlsy bg Giyl Pie.
XALNLSBPO
91
Sir ief tb tdbsl wdb survavlf tb tlkk tdlar stbrals ief piss be tdlar soakks. ❗ I @ B \ V V D L I \ V D B P I E F F L ^ A C E L P . Fbeei Frundueis as
tdl iutdbr bg slvlrik `bbos, aenkufaec Irntan Irntan Kinl= Oeattlf Xrbmlnts ief ^tbrals Aesparlf `y Ikisoi‑s Eitavl Oeattlrs ief Ltdean Ltdean Oeattaec Lxpkbritabe= Katduieai, Anlkief, ief Arlkief (Gbrt Nbkkaes, Nbkbrifb= Ebjif Xrlss, 0887 ief 0881, rlsplntavlky). ^dl as wrataec i `bbo i`but oeattaec ae Katduieai. Mbae dlr be ie Ikisoie oeattaec nruasl ae 0898? vasat dlr wl`satl it www www.sdllptbsdiwk.nbj .sdllptbsdiwk.nbj tb klire jbrl.
^dl tdieos Ieei Wlrsndao ief Mbieel ^lagg gbr tdlar nbetra`utabes ief Fbvaf Oitz, farlntbr bg tdl Mlwasd Katduieai Xrbcrij ief gbueflr bg tdl Wakeaus Qaffasd Aestatutl Ae statutl it Wakeaus \eavlrsaty, \eavlrsaty, ief Gieai @rietsbvsoiyi, ka`riraie bg tdl Wakeaus Qaffasd Aestatutl, gbr tdlar clelrbus sparats ief wakkaecelss tb grllky sdirl aegbrjitabe. aegbr jitabe.Vb klire klir e jbrl bg Gieai‑s stbry, stbry, vasat www.lakitcbrfaeklvatie.nbj/obveb/obvebRpicls/obvebRstbr www.lakitcbrfaeklvatie.nbj/obveb/obvebRpicls/obvebRstbr alsR gieai.dtjk. Ieei Wlrsndao as as i kaecuast kaecuast `islf ae Vikkaee, Lstbeai. ^dl dis nrlitlf slvlrik oeattaec pittlr es tdit irl iviaki`kl tdrbucd Pivlkry.Wasat dlr `kbc it oufumi.`kbcspbt.nbj (ae Lstbeaie ief Leckasd).
@u``l ^darkly‑s ^tbry MBIEEL ^LAGG
Furaec ief iglr Sbrkf Sir AA, Mlwasd wbjle lsnipaec tdl Dbkbniust rbj tdrbucdbut Lurbpl rlkalf be tdlar ellfklwbro soakks tb suppbrt tdljslkvls ief tdlar ijakals. Jy dus`ief‑s @u``l (Criefji) ^darkly Jirnus lsniplf rbj Xbkief tb tdl ^bvalt \eabe must idlif b tdl Clrjie Irjy‑s Irjy‑s ifvienl. Iglr i stiy ae i ^a`lraie wbro nijp, sdl ief dlr dus`ief buef tdljslkvls ae Visdolet, \z`loastie, \z`loastie, wdlrl tdl trifatabeik kbbsl-�ttaec cirjlets wlrl cbaec but b stykl ae ivbr b Slstlre-stykl Slstlre-stykl trbuslrs. @u``l‑s @u``l‑s slwaec soakks wbukf slrvl s lrvl dlr wlkk. Sbroaec `y jindael ief `y dief, sdl prbfunlf trbuslrs, wdand dlr dus`ief, Klbeirf, sbkf be tdl `kino jirolt tb rltureaec sbkfalrs. Iglr tdl wir, tdl ijaky splet sax ylirs ae Clrjiey ae F.X. F.X. (faspkinlf plrsbes) nijps, wdlrl dlr fiucdtlr @ir`iri klirelf tb oeat rbj iebtdlr wbjie it tdl nijp. I rivlklf swlitlr `lnijl yire, ief sbjl sdirplelf warls `lnijl oeattaec ellfkls. Xakkbws jifl `y ^darkly Jirnus. Iglr tdl ijaky irravlf ae tdl \eatlf ^titls ae Gl`ruiry Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg Mbieel ^lagg. 91<9, ^darkly Jirnus suppbrtlf suppbrtlf tdlj watd i mb` ae i tlxtakl intbry. ^dl wis i`kl tb nbjjueanitl watd i brljie wdb oelw i kattkl Qaffasd, `ut dlr soakk watd i slwaec jindael triesnleflf k iecuicl. Ae dlr spirl tajl, sdl prbfunlf `liutauk nkbtdls br dlr fiucdtlrs ief crieffiucdtlrs. \etak tdl lef b dlr kal, ^darkly Jirnus tbbo mby ae dlr viralf ellfklwbro soakks, nrlitaec pakkbws br elwkywlfs wlkk aetb dlr lacdtals. Sdle dlr criefsbe Ml jirralf jl, A wis tdl kunoy rlnapalet b i slt b tdbsl pakkbws, wdand A ndlrasd. ^l agg as tdl iutdbr bg Ga`lr Citdlraec= Oeat, Nrbndlt, ^pae ief Fyl Jbrl tdie 08 Xrbmlnts I @ B \ V V D L I \ V D B P . Mbieel ^lagg (Db`bole, le, Elw Mlrsly= Sakly, 0881) 0881).. Aesparlf `y Ijlr ani‑s Glstaviks ief Oeat Oeat Crlle= 08 Xrbmlnts ief Aflis gbr ^ustiaei`akaty (Db`bo Wasat dlr wl`satl it www.mbieelslagg.nbj.
I Oappid tb Oeat FBEEI FP\ND\EI^ JIVLPAIK^
Obacu Sbbk Flsaces OXJ, 988% dief-fylf jlraeb wbbk yire, gaeclraec wlacdt, 93< yirfs (978 j)/<8 c solae, 9 solae bg #0977 @kul? vasat www.obacu .nbj/elws9.isp gbr i kast bg rltiaklrs Ellfkls, slt bg < fbu`kl-pbaetlf, sazl 0 (0.3< jj) br sazl ellflf
08
X ALNLS BPO
tb b`tiae ciucl Viplstry ellfkl Gaeasdlf sazl= 4 aendls (08.> nj) ae faijltlr Ciucl= 3 sts ief 98 refs : 9 aend (0.< nj) ae ^t st ^ll picl <9 gbr I``rlvaitabes
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
V
dl oappid br yirjukol (soukknip) as trifatabeikky wbre it ikk tajls `y b`slr-
viet Mlwasd jle ief tbfiy tbf iy,, sbjltajls iksb iks b `y wbjle. Jy vlrsabe as flsacelf ae i kiny statnd tdit as ipprbpraitl br i wbjie.
AE^VP\NVABE^
Ebtl= Gbr i sjikklr sazl, NB 7 br
Pef 9<= _Qb, o4Z irbuef‖30 sts.
Pef >9= _O9, o0tbc, yb, o9>, ybZ
3 sts ief wbro 7 br 3 rlps irbuef aestlif bg 4. NB 4 sts. Favafl sts lvleky betb 6 fpe ief mbae aetb i narnkl, `laec nirlguk ebt tb twast sts. Pef 9= _Qb, o9Z irbuef‖97 sts. Pef 0 ief ikk lvle refs= O. Pef >= _Qb, o0Z irbuef‖06 sts. Pef <= _Qb, o>Z irbuef‖>0 sts. Pef 3= _Qb, o6Z irbuef‖68 sts. Pef 1= _Qb, o
= _Qb, o3Z irbuef‖76 sts.
Pef 93= _Qb, o1Z irbuef‖48 sts.
irbuef‖9>7 sts. P e f > > = _O0tbc, yb, o9<, ybZ irbuef‖966 sts. Pef >6= O. Lfcaec Pefs 9, >, <, ief 3= X X.. Pefs 0, 6, ief 7= *O9, yb, o3, sk 0 is ag tb o0tbc, o9, p0ssb, o3, yb? rlp grbj * irbuef. @B vlry kbbslky. Gaeasdaec Slivl ae lefs. Sisd ief pkinl bvlr i dlif-sazlf `bwk tb fry tb sdipl.
Pef 91= _O3, o0tbc, yb, o9, ybZ
irbuef‖44 sts. Pef 09= _O7, o0tbc, yb, o>, irbuef‖17 sts. Pef 0>= _O<, o0tbc, yb, o<, irbuef‖986 sts. Pef 0<= _O6, o0tbc, yb, o3, irbuef‖990 sts. Pef 03= _O>, o0tbc, yb, o1, irbuef‖908 sts. Pef 01= _O0, o0tbc, yb, o99, irbuef‖904 sts.
ybZ ybZ ybZ ybZ ybZ
Fbeei Frundueis‑s oeattlf oappid. Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
M I E \ I P Q /G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
X ALNLS BPO
09
KLGV VB
]akki¯ PACDV= ]a Xisioi (@kul `y Giarytikl) `y Giarytikl) Mlttl \ŵi¯el. ¯el. Oeattlf. Sbbk. Kitvai. 914<. Xurva ¯tas (if(^praec) (if(^praec) iptitabe bg i Wakdlkjs Xurva¯tas piaetaec) `y Mlttl \ŵi¯el. ¯el. Oeattlf. Sbbk. Kitvai. 914>. Xdbtbcripds `y Cuei¯rs Mieia Mieiatas. tas.
Kit itv vai‑ ai‑ss Giv ivbratl bratl Oeat attlr= tlr= Mlt Mlttl tl \ŵi¯ el @IP@IPI XKIOIE^ Mlttl \ŵi¯el ¯el watd tdl Ebvlj`lr/ Flnlj`lr 9111 assul bg XalnlSbro ief tdl jattles sdl jifl grbj Eieny @usd‑s prbmlnt (‛Oiklv‑s Jattles‚) ae tdit assul. I gralef ae tdl \eatlf ^titls slet dlr tdl assul. Iktdbucd Mlttl faf ebt rlif Leckasd, sdl jifl tdl jattles grbj tdl ndirt ief tdl pdbtbcripds. Xdbtbcripd `y ]iaci Crlledikcd.
00
JLPANIE^‑ OEALPKQ B@^L^^ABE watd tdbsl flvakasdky tranoy `ut tietikazaec nbkbr-strieflf jattles rbj Kitvai `lcie ae tdl 9148s ief nbetaeuls tb tdas fiy. Kaz`ltd \patas, ie Ijlranie wdb `lnijl ie intavl jlj`lr b tdl Kitvaie ájacrá nbjjueaty ae Jaeelipbkas ief tdl kliflr b Ifįũie b Ifįũieis is obpi obpi (tdl (tdl ‛Oeattaec Crbup‚) br elirky twlety ylirs, aceatlf bur aetlrlst watd dlr `bbo Kitvaie Jattles= Vrifatabeik Flsaces & Vlndeaquls (sll Vlndeaquls (sll ‛Gurtdlr Plifaec‚ `lkbw) lvle `lbrl tdl fljasl b tdl ^bvalt \eabe ief tdl rlljlrclenl b Kitvai is i sbvlrlace nbuetry. Ae spraec 0887, wdakl ae tdl nipatik b Paci watd jy Kitvaie dus`ief, A qulstabelf Kitvaie ralefs i`but tdlar trifatabeik bko jattles. Aeataikky,, tdly wlrl surpraslf t dit jattles ky sdbukf divl stajukitlf jbrl aetlr-
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
eitabeik aetlrlst tdie wlivaec‖jbst Kitvaies nbesaflr wlivaec tdlar prljalr �`lr nrig. Vl Jusluj b Flnbritavl Irts ief Flsace (Flobritįvĉs jĉoskis ue faziaei juzlms) ae Paci flvbtls ie letarl �bbr tb wbvle tiplstrals wdakl jattles irl beky faspkiylf br sikl ae tdl jusluj cag sdbp. Oeattaec as i prbsian, pbrti`kl pistajl is ir is tdl eitavls irl nbenlrelf, i soakk tdit lvlry ybuec cark wis lxplntlf tb klire ae sndbbk. Vus, jattles irl elirky is nbjjbe is paclbes ae tdl strllts b Paci‑s Paci‑s bkf jlfalvik quirtlr ief divl kbec `lle i prbjaelet sbuvlear b pusdnirt vlefbrs, wdb sbjltajls sbjltajls oeat is tdly tlef sdbp. Ebeltdlklss, jy Kitvaie ralefs rlplitlfky farlntlf jl tb bel pirtanukir oeattlr= ‛Vl `lst jattles irl jifl `y Najfu MlttaŇi‚ MlttaŇi‚ (tdl ilntabeitl fajaeutavl br Mlttl \ŵĉel
ieytdaec `ut dlr �eclrs. ^dl wis tiole `ino tb Orajukfi, wdlrl sdl stiylf uetak sdl wis twlkvl, klireaec rlifaec, wrataec, ief `isan slwaec soakks. @ino dbjl `ut slvlrlky flbrjlf, Mlttl wis nbe�elf tb i wdllkndiar br tdl rlst b dlr kal. Ebeltdlklss, dlr jbtdlr sbbe civl dlr yire ief oeattaec ellfkls ief sdbwlf dlr dbw tb nist be ief ture i dllk, siyaec, ‛Sdy irl ybu sattaec dlrl watdbut wbroaec2 Oeat sbjltdaec? tdl btdlr ndakfrle divl `irl llt.‚ Iglr nbjpkltaec jiey piars b sbnos, it icl tdartlle, Mlttl turelf but dlr �rst piar b jattles. ^bbe, at tbbo dlr beky i fiy tb oeat i piar. ^dl wis oeattaec br lvlrybel ae tdl ijaky is wlkk is jlefaec tdlar nkbtdls. Dlr stlre criefjbtdlr, wdbsl sdirp lyls dif arst spbttlf dlr dl r istanta antabe, be, rlnlavlf rlnla vlf Mlttl‑s Mlttl‑s �rst piar b jattles. j attles. Is Mlttl tlkks at, ‛A nrlitlf i splnaik piar (watd ueusuik nus) br jy jbtdlr‑s jbtdlr ief lxplntlf dlr tb priasl jl. —Slkk, —Slkk, irle‑t irle‑t tdly `liutauk2‑ A isolf. Criefjbtdlr rlpkalf, —Vly irl ebt ylt `liutauk, fiucdtlr. Vly irl nbkbruk.‑ Vle A siaf watd i trlj`kaec vbanl tdrbucd jy tlirs, —KuostaŇjĉtl —KuostaŇjĉtl (Jbtdlr (Jbtdlr b KuostaŇi _dlr criefjbtdlr‑ss irjstlifZ), wdit lr‑ w dit fb tdl jattles ellf tb jiol ji ol tdlj
KLGV= @l ¯rzs ¯rzs
(@arnd) `y Mlttl \ŵi ¯el. Oeattlf. ¯el. Sbbk. Kitvai. 9140. @LKBS= Xiplkl ^irji ¯ (Xbpkirs Nbvlrlf ae Grbst) `y Mlttl \ŵi ¯el. Oeattlf. ¯el. Sbbk. Kitvai. 9140. Xdbtbcripds `y Cuei¯rs Mieia Mieiatas. tas.
_9106„0883Z jlieaec ‛kattkl Mlttl b tdl jattles‚). Iglr A kbbolf tdrbucd dlr `abcripdy, Najfu MlttaŇi, MlttaŇi, wdand nbetiaes jbrl tdie sax fbzle nbkbr pdbtbcripds b dlr jattles, A ueflrstbbf tdit dlrl wis i oeattlr wdb dif jbvlf `lybef tdl bko trifatabe tb ‛piaet dlr wbrkf valw ae yire,‚ yire,‚ is sdl tbkf dlr `abcripdlr `abcripdlr,, tdl irt dastbraie ief wratlr Jĉras @rienas. Ief A ueflrstbbf wdy, wdy, wdle sdl falf, tdas slvlrlky fasi`klf irjwbjie watd eb brjik lfunitabe wis jljbraikazlf ae Paci‑s kirclst elwspiplrs ae b`atuirals `l�ttaec i rlvlrlf iutdbr br jusanaie. I ^LNK\FLF KAGL
Mlttl \ŵĉel rirlky klt Klmealoa (Xkinl fbwe ae tdl Klmealoa (Xkinl Wikkly), tdl irjstlif tdit dlr pirlets `uakt ae tdl 9108s ae tdl FzĞr`lel fastrant b tdl Wafzljl nbuetrysafl ae rurik ebrtdlistlre Kitvai. Mlttl, tdl slnbef b sax ndakfrle, wis `bre tdlrl furaec Kitvai‑s �rst aeflpleflenl plrabf, ief at wis dlr dbjl uetak dlr flitd. Sdle sdl wis bur ylirs bkf, dlr criefjbtdlr ebtanlf tdit Mlttl wis wi s `lefaec bvlr, dbkfaec dlr irjs stast s tasty it dlr safls. I splnaikast ae Paci faicebslf Xbtt‑s Xbtt‑s faslisl, ie bkf tlrj br spaeik tu`lrnukbsas tdit niusls tdl spael tb sbgle ief nbkkipsl. Mlttl splet twb ylirs it tdl sieatirauj it Orajukfi `ut lkk akk iciae it dbjl `lbrl sdl nbukf letlr lkljletiry sndbbk. Satdae i lw fiys, sdl nbukfe nbukfe‑t ‑t jbvl
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XALNLSBPO
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KLGV VB PACDV=
]aljsvl ¯oa jat(Ndrastjis) jat(Ndrastjis) tles `y Mlttl \ŵi ¯el. Oeattlf. ¯el. Sbbk. Kitvai. Vwletaltd nle˃alours tury. N (Xael Nbel) jattles `y Mlttl \ŵi ¯el. Oeattlf. ¯el. Sbbk. Kitvai. Vwletaltd nletury. Xdbtbcripds `y Mbl Nbni. Jattles nburtlsy bg ]iaci Crlledikcd.
`liutauk2‑ Criefjbtdlr ieswlrlf, —@liutauk, fiucdtlr, (Vl @lir ^kiylr)? iary tikls? ief lvle nbpals b piaetaecs as beky `kino, wdatl, w datl, ief criy.‑ ‚ \efltlrrlf, Mlttl nbetae- `y dlr ivbratl Kitvaie irtasts. Mlttl nrlitlf slvlrik jattle ulf tb lxplrajlet watd snivleclf yire ief i slt b �vl traptynds, aenkufaec Ġajleįtl (Gijaky) wdlrl (Gijaky) wdlrl tdl itdlr fbu`kl-pbaetlf warl ellfkls (sazl 8 br sjikklr). dis i kbbp-statndlf rlf `lirf, ief Xiplkl jieĉ kbcĉ trįs Vl nustbj ae rurik Kitvai wis br ybuec wbjle tb pĉrvĞrtį`ĉs (Vrll Wiraitabes Wiraitabes bg tdl Xbpkir ^lle grbj g rbj Jy prlpirl i fbwry ndlst nbetiaeaec i viralty b wbvle ief Saefbw)= Saefbw)= be be i sueey fiy, ae kitl Ebvlj`lr, ief nbvlrlf oeattlf irtankls, aenkufaec eujlrbus piars b jattles br watd rbst. Ae 9144, be tdl lvl b Kitvai‑s slnbef aefljlj`lrs b tdl wlffaec pirty ief uturl ae-kiws. Ae 9168 pleflenl, Mlttl oeattlf jattles nikklf Xlrlstrbaoi Xlrlstrbaoi,, iutis it icl saxtlle, Mlttl wis isolf tb oeat fbzles b jattles Grbetl (Xbpukir Grbet), Grbet), ief rįs ]viaczels (Vrll ^tirs). br bel b tdl irj‑s slrvaec carks. Vl cark‑s �iená, i wbbk Jiey b tdl jattles‑ surinl flsaces kbbo lj`rbafylr, prbvaflf Mlttl watd i trueo �kklf watd dief-fylf flrlf, `ut Mlttl aesastlf tdit sdl oeattlf lvlrytdaec‖ yire ae sdifls b rlf, ylkkbw, crlle, ief `kul, i cag tdit kajatlf `y wditlvlr yire wis iviaki`kl tb dlr. Is sdl put sdl nkiajlf pkinlf dlr ae slvletd dlivle. at, ‛^bjltajls A fafe‑t divl lebucd yire ueklss A iffGbkkbwaec tdl ^lnbef Sbrkf Sir (91>1„916<) ief lf jy aetlkklnt. ^dbrticls divl jifl us jbrl lelrcltan. l elrcltan.‚‚ tdl bnnupitabe b Kitvai `y tdl ^bvalt \eabe, Mlttl‑ Mlttl‑s jat- Ae int, sdl siaf tdit i sucir sdbrticl ae tdl 9118s aetles wlrl lxda`atlf it sdbws ae Paci ief Jbsnbw. ^dl sparlf dlr tb aenrlisl tdl euj`lr b `lrry flnbritabes iksb oeattlf i slrals b fbkks ae bko nbstujls. Ae 9178, be dlr jattles. sdl wis iwirflf i ^bvalt dbebr, tdl Jistlr b Xlbpkl‑s Furaec tdl 9148s ief 9118s, jiey vasatbrs nijl tb Diefnrigs. Mlttl‑s dbjl tb sll dlr jattles ief `raec dlr yire, `bbos, Is tajl pisslf, Mlttl‑s Mlttl‑s sa`kaecs jbvlf iwiy iwiy.. Iglr dlr ief �bwlrs. Ae 911<, Kitvai‑s Xrlsaflet Cuetas \kjieas pirlets falf, Mlttl rljiaelf be tdl irjstlif ief, watd iwirflf Mlttl tdl Vrll ^tirs jlfik, tdl dacdlst dbebr tdl dlkp b niraec elacd`brs, kavlf ikbel flspatl dlr kaj- br innbjpkasdjlets be `ldik b tdl dbjlkief? sdl atlf jb`akaty. Sdle sdl wis ae dlr brtals, sdl `lcie tb prlsletlf daj watd i piar b jattles. Ae dlr jaf-slvlelxplrajlet jbrl slrabusky watd dlr bwe ebetrifatabeik tals ief clttaec stalr sta lr,, Mlttl wbukf oeat sattaec br kyaec ae oeattlf flsaces. `lf, `ut lvle tdas `lnijl jbrl faanukt is dlr dlirt wliolelf. Qlt Qlt is rlnletky is tle ylirs icb, sdl wis stakk F LWLKBXAEC N PIG A EB I P lxplrajletaec iglr flvlkbpaec ie aetlrlst ae tdl rlkitabeAe tdl 9148s, Mlttl nrlitlf tdl �rst b dlr jattle ‛nynkls‚= ‛nynkls‚= sdaps ijbec Nlktan, ^niefaeivaie, Gaeeb-\cran, ief @ikCifikiaoa (^lisbes bg tdl Qlir) watd i piar b jattles br tan bko jbtas. lind jbetd? lind piar nbbrfaeitlf ae tbel ief breijleM L L ‑ ^ P L G K L N A B E ^ titabe watd tdl btdlr jbetds ae tdl sijl slisbe. Btdlr jattle nynkls bkkbwlf= ijakair trlls? �bwlrs? Kitvaie Isolf tb lxpkiae dlr ipprbind tb oeattaec is i nrlitavl bko syj`bks? ndirintlrs rbj tdl eitabeik lpan, KĉĊpkĞsas irt, Mlttl tbkf ie aetlrvalwlr,
06
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
A sbbe kbst aetlrlst ae bkkbwaec tdl strant clbjltranik pittlres b trifatabeik Kitvaie ltdebcripdan flsaces ief wietlf tb jiol sbjltdaec jbrl nbjpkanitlf ief bracaeik. Sdle oeattaec tdbsl trifatabeik flsaces A wis beky jbvaec jy aeclrs. A nbukfe‑t nbukfe ‑t oeat jyslk aetb tdlj. ^bjl oeattlrs irl sitas�lf watd rlplitaec tdlsl pittlres nbrrlntky, ief tdly irl eujlrbus. @ut A tbbo be jy bwe flsaces is i ndikklecl. At civl jl s itasintabe �rst tb �ef tdl racdt nbkbrs, tdle tb cb tb skllp watd aenbjpkltl tdbucdts ief wiol up (usuikky irbuef 6 �.�.) watd sbkutabes. At wis i wiy tb lsnipl jy trbu`kls. . . .
jusluj it Klmealoa tb jljbraikazl Mlttl \ŵĉel ief dlr ellfkl irt. @lniusl Mlttl pu`kasdlf eb aestruntabes br dlr jattles, oeattlrs irl klg tb wbeflr dbw sdl innbjpkasdlf sbjl tlndeaquls, pirtanukirky tdl tdrll-fajlesabe tdrll-fajlesabeik ik pittlres tdit kbbo lj`rbaflrlf. ^aenl sdl aesastlf tdit l vlrytdaec wis oeattlf, ittljpts it uekbnoaec dlr statnd jystlrals irl ue br tdbsl b us wdb kaol puzzkls. Ae tdl prbnlss b tryaec tb plrlnt i fap statnd br wrip i nkustlr, nkustlr, A llk nkbslr tb Kitvai‑s Kitvai‑s ivbratl oeattlr ief tb dlr wiy b ipprbindaec yire ief ellfkls‖sb sajpkl `ut lisaky `lnbjaec sb nbjpklx. Jy ifiptitabe b dlr @arnd @arnd jattles jattles bkkbws. ❗
Mlttl rlifaky ifjattlf tdit flsaceaec nie `l rustritG \ P D L P P L I F A E C aec. ‛Gbr tdl iary-tikl jattle slrals, A ellflf criy br tdl @ri Najfu u Mltta Ml ttae e´i _Kattkl Mlttl bg tdl JattlesZ. Paci, @riena enas, s, Ji¯ras. ¯r as. Najf Kitvai= Xrlsls Xrlsls Eijs, 9113 (ae Kitvaie watd i bel-picl Leckasd `lls‑ waecs. At slljlf sll jlf sajpkl lebucd, l ebucd, `ut A dif fa fa nukty sujjiry). �efaec tdl racdt nbkbr nbkbr.. Gattaec nbkbrs ief flsaces tbcltdFl Jistlr, ^iefri Jlssaeclr. Jlssaecl r.‛Jlssicls ae Jattles= Vdl ^tbry ^tbr y bg lr as ikwiys i puzzkl.‚ i Kitvaie Oeattlr.‚ XalnlSbro, Ebvlj`lr/Flnlj`lr 911<. Bgle at jliet rappaec but wdit sdl dif oeattlf= ‛Gavl Fl Jistlr, ^iefy, ief Jiry Clrjiae. Kitvaie Jattles= Flsace ief Vlndeaqu Vlndeaquls ls. Jakwiuoll, Sasnbesae= ^iefy Fl Jistlr ief tajls A uerivlklf tdl jattles A nikk ^pįfbki ^pįfbki (eijlf (eijlf br tdl Jiry Clr jiae, 0888. 0888. sbrnlrlss ae Vl @lir ^kiylr ). ). A jiy ndbbsl twb br tdrll Nuggs. Jakwiuoll, Sasnbesae= Clrjiae, Jiry. I Fastbrtlf Walw bg Nuggs sdifls b i nbkbr ief tdle ndiecl jy jaef i lw tajls flJiry Clr jiae, 088>. 088>. Miesbes, Lrei. Kitvaie Jattle Flsaces.Siuwitbs iuwitbsi, i, Sasnb Sasnbesae= esae= Lrei Lr ei plefaec be tdl suekacdt br sdifbws ief jy bwe jbbf.‚ Miesbes, MLL‑^ KLCINQ
^lvlrik b Mlttl‑s jattles irl be faspkiy ae tdl plrjielet bko nbkklntabe b tdl Kitvaie Eitabeik Dastbry Jusluj (Kitvamis Einabeĉki Einabeĉkias as WĞsturls WĞsturls juzlms) ae Paci Nistkl. Lkįei Ipsįtl, tdl fiucdtlr b Jĉras @rienas, Mlttl‑s `abcripdlr,, dis pkies tb nrlitl Vl Jattle Siy pdlr Siy (Najfu nlĻũ), i
Miesbes, 0887. Xukkai j, Fl`brid. ‛Oeattl Xukkaij, ‛Oeattlf f Irtagint= Irtagi nt= Kitvaie Jattles it EIVB,‚ Aetlrwlivl Oeats, ^ujjlr 0883. ^kivi, Jarfzi. Kitvalũu riostiaeal najfa _Kitvaie _Kitvaie Breijletlf Jattles ief CkbvlsZ. Paci, Kitvai= ]aei ¯ tel, 9110 (ae Kitvaie watd i sax-picl Leckasd sujjiry). Vlndeaquls. \patas, Kaz`ltd. Kitvaie Jattles= Vrifatabeik Flsaces & Vlndeaquls Xattsvakkl, Sasnbesae= ^ndbbkdbusl Xrlss, 9113.
@ir`iri
@arnd Jattles Jat tles tb Oeat
Xkioies‑s oeattlf @arnd jattles.
Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
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A
ifiptlf tdlsl jattles rbj i flsace `y tdl klclefiry Mlttl \ŵĉel (sll tdl prlnlf-
aec irtankl). dl bracaeik jattles irl ebw ae tdl nbkklntabe b tdl Kitvaie Eitabeik Dastbry Jusluj (Kitvamis Einabeĉkias WĞsturls juzlms) ae Paci.
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ie letarl strief b tdl wlivaec nbkbr (fb ebt slpiritl tdl pkals) is bkkbws= *O9 watd JN wlivaec wl ivaec nbkbr dlkf ae rbet, o9 watd JN watd wlivaec nbkbr dlkf ae `ino? rlp rbj *. Gbr wbvle statndls be tdl ndirt, wbro usaec ie letarl strief b tdl wlivaec nbkbr, ief dbkf tdl wlivaec nbkbr tb tdl rbet br `ino is sdbwe wdakl wbroaec tdl statndls b tdl wbvle slntabe ae tdl `inocrbuef nbkbr. Be lind rbuef iglr Pbuef 9, `raec tdl wlivaec nbkbr kbbslky inrbss tdl `ino b tdl wbro aetb pbsatabe tb wlivl tdl elxt rbuef b statndls. \sl i slpiritl strief b wlivaec nbkbr br tdl wbvle slntabes be tdl `ino ief pikj safls b tdl dief? fb ebt nirry tdl wlivaec nbkbr ikk tdl wiy irbuef tdl dief wdle wbroaec tdl ndirt pittlre. Ebtl= Vl pkinljlet b tdl wbvle statndls ae tdl ndirt as i succlstabe, ief ybu jiy wbro tdl statndls jbrl riefbjky,, a flsarlf. fbjky
JILPAIK^
Piuji Gaeukkcire, fastra`utlf `y Iredakf‑s Oeattaec ^tufab, 988% Ebrwlcaie 0-pky wbbk yire, gaeclraec wlacdt, 948 yirfs (97< j)/<8 c solae, 9 solae lind bg #680 Nlklry (JN), #6>7 @kino (I), ief #614 Klig Crlle (@)? vasat www.iredakf.nbj/stbr www.iredakf.nbj/stbrlRkastaec.dtj lRkastaec.dtj gbr i kast bg rltiaklrs Ellfkls, slt bg < 4-aend (08.>-nj) fbu`kl pbaetlf, sazl 8 (0 jj) br sazl ellflf tb b`tiae ciucl (ie iffatabeik 6-aend _98.0-njZ slt bg sazl 8 gbr wbroaec tdl jattle tbps ief tduj`s as diefy) Nbttbe wistl yire gbr dbkfaec tduj` statndls Viplstry ellfkl Gaeasdlf sazl= 3º aendls (91.9 (91.9 nj) dief narnujglrlenl ief 1µ aendls (06.4 nj) kbec, tb t i wbjie‑ wbjie‑ss sazl sjikk (pikj ief tduj` jiy `l klectdlelf, ag ellflf) Ciucl= 4 sts ief 98º rbws : 9 aend (0.< nj) ae ^t st ^ll picl <9 gbr I``rlvaitabes
AE^P\NABE^ @ir`iri Xkioies‑s oeattlf @arnd jattles.
Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
07
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Sbvle ^tatndls Nut i strief b tdl wlivaec nbkbr tb tdl klectd cavle ae tdl farlntabes. Vl wlivaec nbkbr iktlreitls `ltwlle `laec nirralf ae rbet br `ino b tdl wbro tb nrlitl tdl ipplirienl b rueeaec-statnd lj`rbaflry? at as ebt uslf tb oeat br purk iey statndls. Gbr wbvle statndls ae o0, p9 ra`, nirlukky sl piritl tdl twb pkals b tdl wlivaec nbkbr ief wlivl usaec i saeckl pky, diefkaec at cletky sb at fbls ebt slpiritl. Sbro is bkkbws= *O0 watd I watd wlivaec nbkbr dlkf ae rbet, p9 watd I watd wlivaec nbkbr dlkf ae `ino? rlp rbj * tb lef. Gbr saeckl wbvle statndls ae stbnoaelttl, wbro usaec
X ALNLS BPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Pacdt Jattle Nu= Jiol i skapoebt usaec bel strief lind b JN, I, ief @, ief pkinl at irbuef 0 ellfkls dlkf tbc? tdas skapoebt fbls ebt nbuet is i NB st. Dbkfaec I be klg aeflx �eclr ief iktlreitaec `ltwlle JN ief @ dlkf be klg t duj`, NB 67 sts usaec tdl twastlf jltdbf (sll tdl lndeaquls safl`ir be picl 04)‖67 sts ae I be ellfkls. ^k bel ellfkl but b tdl NB sts, ief frbp tdl skapoebt rbj tdl rlj ellfkl. Favafl sts be 6 fpe, ief mbae br wbroaec ae tdl ref `y trieslrraec tdl kist NB st tb tdl `lc b tdl �rst ellfkl, ief pissaec tdl �rst NB st bvlr tdl skapplf st ief b tdl ellfkl‖6< sts. Fastra`utl sts is lvleky is pbssa`kl be 6 ellfkls. Pefs 9„>= Satd I, *o0, p9? rlp rbj *.
Pefs 6, 7, ief 4= (wbvle sts ref) Nut i 97-aend (68.7-
nj) klectd b JN, ief wbro wbvle sts ae o0, p9 ra` (sll ^tatnd Cuafl) usaec I br ra` ief 9 pky b JN br wlivaec nbkbr. Pefs < ief 3= Satd I, *o0, p9? rlp rbj *. Pefs 1„99= Plp Pef <. Pefs 90„03= Plp Pefs 6„99 twb jbrl tajls‖1 refs b wbvle sts? nu jlisurls 0º aendls (7.6 nj). Pacdt dief, Pef 9= O 9 ref watd I, aen 9< sts lvleky spinlf‖78 sts. Fastra`utl sts lvleky be 6 ellfkls, 9< sts be lind ellfkl. Pefs 0„<= O 0 refs watd I, tdle o 0 refs watd JN. Pefs 7 ief 4= Nut ie 94-aend (6<.3-nj) klectd b I, ief o 9 ref watd JN wbroaec saeckl wbvle sts watd I. Pef 3= O 9 ref watd JN. Pefs 1 ief 98= O 0 refs watd JN. Nut twb 06-aend (79.8-nj) klectds b I, bel br lind ndirt. Sbro >8 sts rbj Pef 9 b Dief ndirt 0 tajls irbuef, wbroaec wbvle sts b lind rlp watd i slpiritl strief b I (sll ^tatnd Cuafl). Sbro Sbro Pefs 0„97 b ndirt. Pacdt tduj` dbkl= Be Pef 93, wbro >8 sts ae pitt br `ino b dief, wbro elxt 99 sts ae pitt br pikj b dief, pkinl tdl kist 99 sts wbrolf (aefanitlf `y butkael be ndirt) be wistl yire br racdt tduj`, wbro 91 sts ae pitt tb lef‖ 9< sts lind be �rst, slnbef, ief burtd ellfkls? 6 sts itlr tduj` cip be tdarf ellfkl. Be Pef 94 b ndirt, wbro ae pitt tb tduj` cip, NB 99 sts usaec tdl `inowirf-kbbp jltdbf (sll tdl lndeaquls safl`ir be picl 04), wbro ae pitt tb lef‖78 sts. Sbro Pefs 9„94 b ndirt benl jbrl bjattaec tdl tduj` dbkl, tdle wbro Pefs 91„>0‖palnl jlisurls <µ aendls (96.7 nj) rbj tbp b ra``aec, ief 4» aendls (09.8 nj) rbj `lc. Ebtl= Gbr kbeclr dief, nbet ae pitt uetak dief jlisurls 9» aendls (>.0 nj) klss tdie flsarlf klectd `lbrl wbroaec jattle tbp flns. Jattle tbp= Sbro Pefs >>„6< b ndirt, fln is sdbwe ief ndiecaec tb 6-aend (98.0-nj) ellfkls a usaec tdlj‖ 4 sts rlj. Favafl sts betb 0 ellfkls, bel br pikj ief bel br `ino b dief, 6 sts be lind ellfkl. Satd JN, _o9 t`k, o>tbcZ 0 tajls‖6 sts rlj. Nut yire, tdrlif t iak be tiplstry ellfkl, friw f riw tdrbucd rlj sts, ief istle b be S^. Pacdt tduj`= Xkinl 99 dlkf tduj` sts be 0 ellfkls (sdbrtlr ellfkls a usaec tdlj). Elxt ref= Satd JN, o99 tduj` sts, pano up ief o 0 sts rbj safl b tduj` bpleaec, pano up ief o 99 sts rbj `isl b dief sts NB bvlr tduj` cip, tdle pano up ief o 0 sts rbj btdlr safl b tduj` bpleaec‖07 sts. Fastra`utl sts is lvleky is pbssa`kl be 6 ellfkl s. Elxt ref= *S *Sbro bro 99 sts ae pitt rbj Pef 9 b Vuj` ndirt, o0tbc watd JN? rlp rbj * benl jbrl‖06 sts. Elxt ref= *Sbro 99 sts ae pitt rbj Pef 0 b ndirt, o9
watd JN? rlp rbj *. Ollpaec 9 st itlr lind ndirt pitt ae JN, wbro Pefs >„1 b ndirt, tdle rlp Gbr nbesastlet rlsukts ae Pefs 9„1 9„1 benl jbrl. Satd JN, o 0 refs, stbnoaelttl nbkbrwbro, br uetak º aend (9.> nj) klss tdie flsarlf flnafl wdand nbkbr wakk klectd‖tduj` jlisurls i`but 0 aendls `l nirralf i`bvl tdl btdlr nbkbr is ybu strief tdl (< nj). ueuslf nbkbrs inrbss tdl Vuj` tap, `ino b tdl wbro, ief Pef 9= _O9 t`k, sso, o3, o0tbcZ 0 tajls‖08 wdand wakk `l nirralf `lsts. kbw, tdle `l surl tb nirry Pef 0= _O9 t`k, sso, o<, o0tbcZ 0 tajls‖97 tdl nbkbrs ae tdl sijl wiy tdrbucdbut. sts. Pef >= _O9 t`k, sso, o>, o0tbcZ 0 tajls‖90 sts. Pef 6= _O9 t`k, sso, o9, o0tbcZ 0 tajls‖4 sts. Pef <= Irriecl sts 6 lind be 0 ellfkls, _o9 t`k, o>tbcZ 0 tajls‖6 sts. Nut yire, tdrlif tiak be tiplstry ellfkl, friw tdrbucd rlj sts, ief istle b be S^. Klg Jattle Sbro nu is br racdt jattle, tdle wbro dief is br
Vap
Olyy Ol JN
@
o9 t`k watd JN
racdt tduj` dlkf sts
o0tbc watd JN
klgt tduj` dlkf sts
sso watd JN
wbvle sts watd I
Vduj`
6< 66 6> 60 69 68 >1 >4 >3 >7 >< >6 >> >0 >9 >8 01 04 03 07 0< 06 0> 00 09 08 91 94 93 97 9< 96 9> 90 99 98 1 4 3 7 < 6 > 0 9
Dief 1 4 3 7 < 6 > 0 9
wbro Sbro 0 tajl 0 tajls
Ndirts jiy `l pdbtbnbpalf gbr plrsbeik usl.
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNLS BPO
03
racdt jattle uetak Pef 97 b ndirt dis `lle nbjpkltlf‖78 sts. Klg tduj` dbkl= Be Pef 93, wbro >8 sts ae pitt br `ino b dief, wbro elxt 01 sts ae pitt br pikj b dief, pkinl tdl kist 99 sts wbrolf (aefanitlf `y butkael be ndirt) be wistl yire br klg tduj`, wbro 9 st ae pitt tb lef‖ 9< sts lind be �rst, slnbef, ief tdarf ellfkls? > sts `lbrl tduj` cip ief 9 st iglr tduj` cip be burtd ellfkl. Be Pef 94 b ndirt, wbro ae pitt tb tduj` cip, NB 99 sts usaec tdl `inowirf-kbbp jltdbf, wbro ae pitt tb lef‖ 78 sts. Nbjpkltl dief ief wbro jattle tbp is br racdt jattle. Klt tduj`= Xkinl 99 dlkf tduj` sts be 0 ellfkls (sdbrtlr ellfkls a usaec tdlj). Elxt ref= Satd JN, pano up ief o 0 sts rbj safl b tduj` bpleaec `lbrl tduj` sts, o 99 tduj` sts, pano up ief o 0 sts rbj btdlr safl b tduj` bpleaec, pano up ief o 99 sts rbj `isl b dief sts NB bvlr tduj`
cip‖07 sts. Fastra`utl sts is lvleky is pbssa`kl be 6 ellfkls. Elxt ref= *O0tbc watd JN, wbro 99 sts ae pitt rbj Pef 9 b Vuj` ndirt? rlp rbj * benl jbrl‖06 sts. Elxt ref= *O9 watd JN, wbro 99 sts ae pitt rbj Pef 0 b ndirt? rlp rbj *. Ollpaec 9 st `lbrl lind ndirt pitt a e JN, wbro Pefs >„1 b ndirt, tdle rlp Pefs 9„1 benl jbrl. Nbjpkltl is br racdt tduj`. Gaeasdaec Slivl ae ikk lefs. Xae lind jattle �it `lbrl prlssaec ief jiol surl tdl `lcaeeaec b tdl ref br `btd jattles as lxintky it tdl safl nrlisl (tb nbenlik mbcs `ltwlle pitt refs). Nirlukky pae tduj`s tb ikace watd pikj pitts. ^tlij jattles ueflr i fijp tbwlk. I @ B \ D L I \ D B P I E F F L ^ A C E L P . @ir`iri Xkioies kavls
ae Ijls, Ijls, Abwi, wdlrl sdl lembys oeattaec tbcltdlr dlr fuik pissabes= wbrfs ief `lr .
V L N D E A Y \ L ^
Vwastlf Kbbp Nist-Be (iksb oebwe is Bkf Ebrwlcaie Nist-Be) Vdas nist-be as wbrolf watd twb lefs b yire‖bel tdit nbjls rbj tdl wbroaec `ikk b yire Gacurl 9
ief tdl btdlr tdit nbjls rbj tdl tiak lef b tdit sijl yire. @lbrl nistaec be, fltlrjael tdl klectd b yire tb klivl br tdl tiak. b clt i cbbf lstajitl b tdl klectd ellflf br nistaec be 98 statndls, jlisurl tdl klectd b yire ellflf tb wrip irbuef tdl ellfkl 98 tajls. Juktapky tdas klectd `y tdl euj`lr b tajls tdit 98 cbls aetb tdl euj`lr b statndls ybu‑kk nist be. Gbr lxijpkl, a at tiols < aendls (90.3 nj) b yire tb wrip tdl ellfkl 98 tajls, ief ybu wiet tb nist be 78 statndls, juktapky < aendls `y 7‖klivl i tiak >8 aendls (37.0 nj) kbec. ^tlp 9= Klivaec i tiak tdl elnlssiry klectd, jiol i skapoebt ief pkinl at be i ellfkl dlkf ae ybur
Gacurl 0
racdt dief. Vl skapoebt nbuets is tdl �rst statnd. ^tlp 0= Xkinl tdl tduj` ief aeflx �eclr b ybur klg dief `ltwlle tdl yire lefs sb tdit tdl strief nbeelntlf tb tdl `ikk as irbuef ybur aeflx �eclr ief tdl tiak lef as irbuef ybur tduj`. ^lnurl tdl yire lefs watd ybur btdlr �eclrs ief dbkf ybur pikj upwirf, jioaec i W b yire (Gacurl 9). ^tlp >= @raec tdl ellfkl ae rbet b ybur tduj`, ueflr `btd yires irbuef tdl tduj`, fbwe aetb tdl nletlr b tdl tduj` kbbp, `ino brwirf, ief bvlr tdl tbp b tdl yire irbuef ybur aeflx �eclr (Gacurl 0).
Gacurl >
Gacurl 6
^tlp 6= \sl tdl ellfkl tb nitnd tdas yire, tdle `raec tdl ellfkl `ino fbwe tdrbucd tdl tduj`
kbbp (Gacurl >), tureaec ybur tduj` skacdtky tb jiol rbbj br tdl ellfkl tb piss tdrbucd. ^tlp <= Frbp tdl kbbp b ybur tduj` (Gacurl 6) ief pkinl ybur tduj` `ino ae tdl W nbe�curitabe wdakl tacdtleaec up tdl rlsuktaec statnd be tdl ellfkl (Gacurl <). Plplit ^tlps >„< br tdl flsarlf euj`lr b statndls. Ifiptlf grbj Clttaec ^tirtlf Oeattaec ^bnos `y Iee @uff (Kbvlkief, Nbkbrifb= Aetlrwlivl, 0883).
@inowirf-Kbbp Nist-Be
wbroaec yire ief p kinl at b e ell fkl `inow irf s b td it a t fblse‑t uewaef uewaef.. Plplit Plplit rbj rbj *. *Kbbp wbroaec 04
X ALNLS BPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Gacurl <
VDL VD L
@rlwstlr ^tbnoaec MINY\LKAEL GLL
I
KLPLF tb tdl lxastlenl bg bel diefoeattlf stbnoaec ae tdl tlxtakl nbkklntabe bg tdl Xakcraj ^bnalty ae Xkyjbutd,
Jissindusltts, `y jy fiucdtlr, Eieny Nbbo, wdb wis dlif bg nbstujl it Xkajbtd Xkietitabe (9149„ 914<), A ajjlfaitlky wlet tb aevlstacitl. Vbucdt tb divl `lkbeclf tb Lkflr Sakkaij @rlwstlr (9<73„ 9766), tdl stbnoaec wis wbrolf ae latdlr Leckief br Jissindusltts `ltwlle 9708 ief 9768. Jifl bg wbbk, at jlisurls 07 aendls (77.8 nj) dacd ief ^tbnoaec. Jiolr ueoebwe. Oeattlf. Sbbk. Leckief br Jissindusltts. Narni 9708„9768. Nbkklntabe Xakcraj Dikk Jusluj. @lkalvlf tb divl `lkbeclf tb Lkflr Sakkaij @rlwstlr (9<73„9766) bg tdl Xkyjbutd Nbkbey.
wbukf divl `lle pukklf up bvlr tdl oell ief slnurlf watd cirtlrs.
Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg Xakcraj Dikk Jusluj, Xkyjbutd, Jissindusltts.
Vdll flsacelr‑s Vd fl a fl soltnd b bg tdl bracaeik @rlwstlr stbnoaec. ^oltnd nburt nburtlsy bg tdl flsacelr. M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNLS BPO
01
Vl klc waftd jlisurls 3 aendls (93.4 nj) br 96 aendls (><.7 nj) irbuef, ief tdl stu``y bbt, ledienlf `y purk rbuefs, jlisurls 98º aendls (07.3 nj) rbj dllk tb tbl. Vl stbnoaec as slijklss, ief tdl letarl klectd as wbrolf ae i saeckl Narnkaec Xurk pittlre rbj `lkbw tdl ra``lf tbp tb tdl `lcaeeaec b tdl tbl sdipaec. Vl pittlre as i juktapkl b 7 statndls watd i 7-rbuef rlplit. Itlr tioaec lxint jlisurljlets b tdl bracaeik, A wbrolf i rlprbfuntabe stbnoaec tb i ciucl b 3 statndls tb tdl aend (i`but > statndls plr nj) ritdlr tdie tdl bracaeik 99 tb 9> statndls tb tdl aend (i`but 6 tb < statndls plr nj) ae i @irtklttyires kacdtwlacdt 0-pky 988 plrnlet wbbk yire, bitjlik ae nbkbr, be bur fbu`kl-pbaetlf sazl 0 ellfkls. Cavaec nrlflenl tb tdl frliflf ‛slnbef sbno‚ syefrbjl, �vl ylirs pisslf `lbrl A tinoklf ats jitnd, ief tdit as wdy A divl ljpdisazlf tdl ‛DL‚ ae ‛DL ‛ DL @rlwstlr ^tbnoaec,‚ is A wbeflr a at lvlr dif i jitl. Vl piar b rlprbfuntabe stbnoaecs as sdbwe be picl >9. A ybu wbukf kaol tb wbro tdlj, A wbukf `l dippy tb prbvafl ybu watd tdl aestruntabes. Qbu jiy nbetint jl it swlitlrwbrosdbpHjse.nbj. ❗
Narnkaec Xurks dl pittlre b ‛narnkaec purks‚ klefs atslk tb i rlpltatavl oeattaec rdytdj= bel, twb, tdrll, bur, avl, X\PK? bel, twb, tdrll, bur, avl, X\PK? ief rbuef ief rbuef fbls tdit saeckl purk statnd trivlk. Srattle br narnukir oeattaec, tdl pittlre as i juktapkl b 7 statndls ief as i 7-rbuef rlplit= Pef 9= *X9, o= O0, *p9, o. Pef 6= O>, *p9, o sts, p9, o0. Pef <= O6, *p9, o
NBEVLJXBPIPQ @rlwstlr @rlw stlr ^bnos ^bno s tb Oeat MINY\LKAEL GLL AE^P\NABE^ JILPAIK^
Fikl bg Ebrwiy @i`y \kk, 988% jlraeb wbbk yire, eclraec wlacdt, 948 yirfs (97< j)/<8 c `ikk, 0 `ikks bg #8808 Nrlij? vasat www.fikl.eb/fiklcire/ aeflx.pdp2jippaec:6>&rlcabe:us&kief:\^I gbr i kast bg rltiaklrs Ellfkls, slt bg 6 fbu`kl pbaetlf, sazl 0 (0.3< jj) ^tatnd dbkflrs (bptabeik) Viplstry ellfkl Gaeasdlf sazl= 3º (4») aendls (91.8 _09.8Z nj) gbbt narnujglrlenl, 4º aendls (09.7 nj) kbec grbj NB lfcl tb tbp bg dllk gkip, ief 98» (98º) aendls (07.8 _07.3Z nj) kbec grbj `ino bg dllk tb tap bg tbl? sdbwe ae 4» a end (09.8 nj) gbbt narnujglrlenl Ciucl= >0 sts ief 6> refs : 6 aendls (98.0 nj) ae ^t st ^ll picl <9 gbr I``rlvaitabes
>8
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
NB 78 (76) sts. Mbae br wbroaec ae refs, ief pj st `lc b ref. Sbro o0, p0 ra``aec br 6 aendls (98.0 nj) br flsarlf klectd, aen 8 (0) sts ae kist ref‖78 (77) sts. Sbro ae Narnkaec Xurk pitt (sll safl`ir i`bvl) br 6º aendls (99.6 nj), uetak palnl jlisurls 4º aendls (09.7 nj) rbj NB br flsarlf klectd. Oeat tdl �rst 9< (97) sts b elxt ref, put tdl kist >8 (>0) sts must wbrolf betb i saeckl ellfkl br tdl dllk, klivaec tdl lef-b-ref jirolr ae pkinl‖9< (97) tb tdl racdt b tdl jirolr, 9< (97) tb tdl klg b tdl jirolr. Xut tdl rlj >8 (>6) (>6 ) aestlp sts be dbkflrs br favafl be twb ellfkls tb wbro kitlr. Dllk Sbro `ino ief brtd be sts b dllk ellfkl is bkk, Pbw 9= (S^) X inrbss. Pbw 0= (P^) *^k 9 is a tb p wy`, o9? rlp rbj *.
Plp tdl kist 0 rbws uetak dllk jlisurls 0º aendls (7.6 nj), tdle wbro S^ Pbw 9 benl jbrl. Vure dllk, Pbw 9= (P^) 9= (P^) O93 (91) sts, sk 9, o9, pssb, o9, ture. Pbw 0= (S^) 0= (S^) ^k 9, p< (3), p0tbc, p9, ture. Pbw >= ^k >= ^k 9, o7 (4), sk 9, o9, pssb, o9, ture. Pbw 6= ^k 6= ^k 9, p3 (1), p0tbc, p9, ture. Nbet ae tdas jieelr, wbroaec bel jbrl st `lgbrl tdl fln ae lind rbw uetak ikk sts divl `lle wbrolf, lefaec watd S^ rbw‖94 (08) sts rlj. Vure. Satd P^ ginaec, o1 (98) tb nletlr bg dllk sts. ^dipl cusslt, Satd iebtdlr ellfkl‖Ellfkl #9‖o 1 (98) dllk sts, tdle pano up ief o 97 sts ikbec safl bg dllk �ip? watd Ellfkl #0, wbro inrbss >8 (>6) aestlp sts ae lsti`kasdlf Narnkaec Xurk pitt? watd Ellfkl #>, pano up ief o 97 sts ikbec safl bg dllk �ip, tdle o �rst 1 (98) dllk sts iciae tb lef ae nletlr bg dllk‖48 (47) sts? 0< (07) sts lind be Ellfkls #9 ief #>? >8 (>6) sts be Ellfkl 0. Aestlp sdipaec, Pef 9= Be 9= Be Ellfkl #9, o tb kist k ist > sts, o0tbc, o9? be Ellfkl #0, wbro inrbss aestlp sts ae lsti`kasdlf pitt? be Ellfkl #>, o9, sk 9, pssb, o tb lef‖0 sts fln‑f? 9 st lind grbj Ellfkls #9 ief #>. Pef 0= Sbro 0= Sbro lvle ae pitt. Plp Pefs 9 ief 0 eael jbrl tajls‖78 (77) sts? 9< (97) sts lind be Ellfkls #9 ief #>? >8 (>6) sts be Ellfkl #0. Gbbt Sbroaec sbkl sts be Ellfkls #9 ief #> ae ^t st, ief nbet Narnkaec Xurk pitt be Ellfkl #0, wbro lvle uetak gbbt jlisurls 4 aendls (08.> nj) grbj nletlr `ino dllk, br 0» (0º) aendls (<.3 _7.6Z nj) klss tdie flsarlf gbbt klectd, fln 8 (0) sts be Ellfkl #0 ae kist ref‖78 (76) sts? 9< (97) sts lind be Ellfkls #9 ief #>? >8 (>0) sts be Ellfkl #0. Vbl flnrlisls, Pef 9= 9= Be Ellfkl #9, o tb kist > sts, o0tbc, o9? be Ellfkl #0, o9, sk 9, o9, pssb, o tb kist > sts, o0tbc, o9? be Ellfkl #>, o9, sk 9, o9, pssb, o tb lef‖6 sts fln‑f? 9 st lind fln‑f grbj Ellfkls #9 ief #>? 0 sts fln‑f grbj Ellfkl #0. Pef 0= O. 0= O. Plp tdl kist 0 refs 98 (99) jbrl tajls‖97 sts rlj gbr `btd sazls? 6 sts lind be Ellfkls #9 ief #>? 4 sts be Ellfkl #0. Oatndlelr ^tatnd, Oeat tdl 6 sts be Ellfkl #9 betb tdl lef bg Ellfkl #>‖4 sts lind be twb ellfkls. Mbae aestlp ief sbkl sts watd Oatndlelr ^tatnd (sll Vlndeaqul safl`ir it racdt). Slivl ae lefs. I @ B \ V V D L I \ V D B P I E F F L ^ A C E L P . Minqulkael Gll as tdl
iutdbr bg Vdl ^wlitlr Sbrosdbp= Sbrosdbp= Oeat Nrlitavl, ^lij-Grll ^wlitL ist @bbos, @b bos, lrs be Qbur Bwe watd Iey Qire Qire (Nijfle, Jiael= Fbwe List
Minqulkael Gll‑s Gll‑s nbetljpbriry nbetljpbriry @rlwstlr sbnos (tbp) ief dlr rlprbfuntabe @rlwstlr stbnoaecs. Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
0880). Ae praet gbr jbrl tdie twlety-vl ylirs ylirs,, tdl `bbo dis lei`klf tdbusiefs bg oeattlrs tb lemby nbjpkltl grllfbj tb wbro tdlar bwe ciucl watd iey yire, diefspue br jakkspue, tb nrlitl swlitlrs bg tdlar bwe flsace. Minoal spkats dlr tajl `ltwlle Daecdij, Jissindusltts, ief Fllr Askl, Jiael, wdlrl swlitlr wlitdlr prlviaks gbr i cbbf pirt bg lind ylir .
V L N D E A Y \ L
Oatndlelr ^tatnd ^tlp 9= @raec tdrliflf ellfkl tdrbucd grbet statnd is ag tb purk ief klivl statnd be ellfkl. ^tlp 0= @raec tdrliflf ellfkl tdrbucd `ino statnd is ag tb oeat ief klivl statnd be ellfkl. ^tlp >= @raec tdrliflf ellfkl tdrbucd �rst grbet statnd is ag tb oeat ief skap tdas statnd b ellfkl. @raec t drliflf ellfkl tdrbucd elxt grbet statnd is ag tb purk ief klivl statnd be ellfkl. ^tlp 6= @raec tdrliflf ellfkl tdrbucd �rst `ino statnd is ag tb purk (is akkustritlf), skap tdas statnd b, `raec ellfkl tdrbucd elxt `ino statnd is ag tb oeat, klivl tdas statnd be ellfkl. Plplit ^tlps > ief 6 uetak eb statndls rljiae be ellfkls.
M I E \ I P Q /G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
X ALNLS BPO
>9
Oeattaec g gbbr Aenbjl ae Dikkief, ^wlfle IEELKA XIKJ^O×KF Nbkbr akk ustritab ustritabe e bg i jie ief wbjie oeattaec wbbkle stbnoaecs. ^wlfle? tdly irl frlsslf ae nkbtdaec typanik ae Dikkief ae tdl eaeltlletd nletury. Vdl akkustritabe wis pu`kasdlf ae 947> `y Nirk Iefrlis Fidkstr÷j. Nbkklntabe bg tdl Nbuety Jusluj, Dikjstif, Dikkief, ^wlfle.
>0
G
PBJ DL ^LWLELLED tdrbucd tdl lirky twletaltd nletury, oeattaec wis i nbtticl aefustry ae tdl sbutdwlstl sbutdwlstlre re nbistik prbvaenl b Dikkief, ^wlfle. Banaik rlpbrts ief tbpbcripdanik katlriturl flsnra`l jiey b tdl rlsaflets b slvletlletd- tb eaeltlletd-nletury Dikkief is kavaec ae pbvlrty. Nbefatabes ae tdl sbutdlre pirts b tdl prbvaenl sllj tb divl `lle lsplnaikky rbucd ful tb tdl pbbr sbak‖tdl `irrle dlitd wis cbbf br pisturaec sdllp `ut aeiflquitl br icranukturl. Jbst b tdl kief `lkbeclf tb i lw kiefbwelrs, kief bwelrs, ief tdl rlst b tdl pbpukitabe dif tb flplef be tdl lstitls‑ ellf br ki`br ae brflr tb jiol i kavaec kava ec (sbjl wlrl i`kl tb fb sbjl wbro be tdl safl). Nbefatabes wlrl lvle
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
dirflr itlr ie aetlesl plrabf b wir ief pkueflraec ae jafnletury. At as `lkalvlf tdit sdbrtky itlr tdas plrabf, ie brcieazitabe br prbfunaec ief slkkaec oeattlf cirjlets wis lsti`kasdlf tdit plrsastlf aetb tdl lirky twletaltd nletury nletur y. @uylrs, jiey rbj tdl tlxtakl fastrant b @brìs, i`but 9<< jakls (0<8 oj) rbj tdl sbutdlre pirts b Dikkief, flkavlrlf elw wbbk tb tdl oeattlrs ae Dikkief i nbupkl b tajls i ylir, aesplntlf tdl �easdlf cirjlets (jbstky stbnoaecs ief swlitlrs), ief piaf tdl oeattlrs br tdlar wbro. Vl oeattlf cbbfs wlrl sbkf it jirolts ikk bvlr tdl nbuetry ief lvle i`rbif. dl ^wlfasd irjy wis i jimbr purndislr b stbnoaecs= furaec tdrll ylirs b wir `ltwlle ^wlfle ief Xrussai ae tdl jaf-lacdtlletd nletury, 08,888 tb 0<,888 piars b stbnoaecs wlrl flkavlrlf rbj Dikkief. b prlpirl tdl wbbk br oeattaec, tdl Dikkieflrs dif tb nklie, nirf, nbj`, ief spae at? tdly iksb fylf i pbrtabe b tdl yire rlf br `kul, usaec fyls fastra`utlf fastr a`utlf `y tdl `uylrs. Vly oeattlf ae tdl rbuef br spllf, usaec �vl kbec ellfkls watd `kuet lefs br silty. dl stbnoaecs wlrl oeattlf watd uefylf yire? tdl swlitlrs wlrl pittlrelf, bgle ae wdatl ief rlf. Vl �easdlf cirjlets wlrl aetleflf br jikl wbrolrs, ief sb `btd pittlres ief nbestruntabe wlrl sajpkl= dl sdbukflr slijs wlrl slwe tbcltdlr, ief tdl skllvls wlrl slwe tb tdl `bfy. @btd swlitlrs ief stbnoaecs wlrl ukklf‖wisdlf ief sdrueo tb i suati`kl sazl? tdly wlrl fralf be wbbfle brjs tb rltiae tdlar sdipl. Xrbfuntabe nbukf aevbkvl lvlry jlj`lr b i dbusldbkf. Ndakfrle is ybuec is bur br �vl nbukf nirf ief nbj` tdl wbbk. It slvle br lacdt, tdly wlrl oeattaec
KLGV VB PACDV=
skllvls (bel skllvl i fiy wis tdl ebrj). Jle wlrl is `lcue tb rlpkinl diefoeatt diefoeattlf lf prbfunts, `ut tdle i jbvlsoakklf ae oeattaec is wbjle. jlet stirtlf tb prlslrvl bkf diefnrig tl ndeaquls `y flVl ^wlfasd `btieast Nirbkus Kaeeilus (9383„9334), vlkbpaec elw prbfunts tb `l sbkf tb wliktdy n ustbjlrs. nikklf tdl itdlr b jbflre tixbebjy, dis i nbeelntabe Ae Kidbkj, i naty ae sbutdlre Dikkief, tdl fbntbr‑s wal tb tdl Dikkief oeattaec aefustry. Bel b das stuflets it ief tdl `irbelss be i elir`y ijaky lstitl aevletbralf \ppsiki \eavlrsaty, Xldr Bs`lno (930>„948<), trivlklf tb kbnik oeattlrs, tdlar soakks, ief tdlar pittlres, ief brjlf Ndaei tb stufy tdl �bri, iuei, ief plbpkl b tdl Nietbe ie issbnaitabe tb prbfunl ief slkk jbflre oeattlf cbbfs. rlcabe be Kaeeilus‑s `ldik. Iglr rltureaec tb ^wlfle, Oeattlrs eb kbeclr turelf but utakatiraie wbro nkbtdls watd Bs`lno `lnijl tdl t dl pirasd pralst b Wìxtbrp Wìxtbrp ief Dissk÷v skllvls oeattlf rbj tdl tbp fbwe sb i wbre-but lfcl ae sbutdlre Dikkief. Vlrl dl nbetaeulf tb rlnbrf das nbukf `l rlpiarlf `ut `lcie prbfunaec cirjlets suati`kl b`slrvitabes, wdand ebw aenkuflf fiti be tdl lvlr-prls- br nbetljpbriry, nbetljpbriry, isdabei`kl butfbbr kal. let oeattaec ellfkls, yire, ief nbestietky crbwaec pirts Wlry lw lxijpkls b tdl lirka lr, wbroifiy nkbtdaec b cirjlets. Bs`lno benl pburlf 4º cikkbes (>0 k) b ryl divl survavlf. I lw swlitlrs wlrl nbkklntlf `y tdl Ebr Ebr-aetb i stbnoaec `lbrl at dif `lle sdrueo ae ie ittljpt fan Jusluj (Ebrfasoi jusllt) ae ^tbnodbkj ief tdl tb jlisurl ats sazl. Dl ebtlf tdit iktdbucd tdl stbnoaecs Jusluj b Nukturik Dastbry (Oukturd (Oukturdastbrasoi astbrasoi jusllt) tleflf tb `l oeattlf quatl kbbslky, lvle nirlklssky, tdlsl ae Kuef. Bel b tdl swlitlrs ae tdl Kuef jusluj wis fllnts wlrl nbrrlntlf furaec ukkaec. Innbrfaec tb Bs- oeattlf ae i pittlre nikklf @mær`b @mær`b (tdl (tdl wbrf flebtls i plr`lno‑s ebtls, 9>0 statndls wlrl favaflf be bur oeattaec sbe kavaec be tdl pleaesuki b @mærl be ^wlfle‑s sbutdellfkls, ief >67 rbuefs wlrl oeattlf tb nrlitl stbnoaecs wlstlre nbist) b wdatl ief rlf wbbk? tdl skllvls wlrl jlisuraec i`but 03 tb >9 aendls (71 tb 31 nj) kbec. oeattlf rbj tdl sdbukflr tb tdl wrast. Vl pittlre rlBs`lno iksb rlpbrtlf i ndiecl ae tdl trifatabeik jltd- plit as kircl, ief bel b tdl skllvls wis �easdlf ae tdl bf b dbkfaec tdl yire. ^bjl b das pirasdabelrs dif tbkf jaffkl b i rlplit ae brflr tb `l must is kbec is tdl btdlr. daj i`but i wbjie wdb dif sulrlf i strbol tdit pir- Vl surinl b tdl cirjlet as quatl uelvle. At as `lkalvlf ikyzlf bel b dlr irjs. b nbetaeul tb oeat, sdl `lcie tb tdit i ybuec ndakf wdb wis ebt ylt i soakklf oeattlr oeatdbkf tdl wbroaec yire bvlr dlr klg aeflx �eclr aestlif tlf tdl skllvls. b tdrbwaec at watd dlr racdt dief. (Sdle oeattaec watd Gbr jiey, oeattaec br aenbjl ae Dikkief jliet kal. twb br jbrl nbkbrs, tdl falrlet yires wlrl dlkf pirik- Qlt btdlr tdie tdl lw lxijpkls ae jusluj nbkklntabes, klk bvlr tdl klg-dief �eclrs.) Btdlr oeattlrs, sllaec dbw eb trinls b tdl nleturals b oeattaec is i nbtticl aefustry tdl elw jltdbf spllflf prbfuntabe, sbbe ifbptlf tdl ae Dikkief rljiae. ❗ wbjie‑s aeebvitabe. a eebvitabe. Lvle tdbucd brflrs rbj tdl jakatiry flnrlislf fur- I @ B \ D L I \ D B P . Ieelka Xikj Xikjso÷kf so÷kf rlslirnd rlslirndls ls ^wlfasd ^wlfasd wlivaec tajls b plinl, tdl prbfuntabe b stbnoaecs fbu`klf ae aec ief oeattaec dastbry ief nbetra`utlf ie irtankl tb @ratt-Jiral Ndrastbgglrssbe‑s rlnlet `bbo Oeattaec= I Nrigt tb Flvlkbp _^tanoeaec „ ltt tdl lirky flnifls b tdl eaeltlletd nletury, ief tdl oeatdietvlro itt utvlnokiZ (^tbnodbkj= Dljsk÷mfle, 0881). ^dl as nurrletky tlrs iksb stirtlf tb prbfunl jattles. @y tdl ture b tdl wbroaec be i rlslirnd prbmlnt it tdl Ebrfan Jusluj (Ebrfasoi jusllt) twletaltd nletury, dbwlvlr, dbwlvlr, jindael-oeattlf irtankls ir tankls dif ae ^tbnodbkj be dbw plbpkl rlusl tlxtakls.
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
^tbnoaecs watd wbbfle gbrjs uslf tb nbetrbk tdl sdraeoaec prbnlss. Jiolr ueoebwe. Oeattlf. Sbbk. ^wlfle. Xrb`i`ky lirky twletaltd nletury. Vdl ciucl ief jlisurljlets bg tdlsl stbnoaecs irl vlry sajakir tb tdbsl ebtlf `y Xldr Bs`lno ae Dikkief ae tdl kitl lacdtlletd br lirky eaeltlletd nletury nletury.. Nirfacie oeattlf `y ^acraf Mbdiessbe (9186„9146). Oeattlf. Sbbk. Dikkief, ^wlfle. Jaf-twletaltd nletury.. Ndakf‑s nletury swlitlr ae tdl @mær`b (tdl wbrf flebtls i plrsbe kavaec be tdl pleaesuki bg @mærl be ^wlfle‑s ^w lfle‑s s butdwlstlre nbist) pittlre prbfunlf `y tdl kbnik diefnrigt issbnaitabe. Oeattlf. Sbbk. Kidbkj, ^wlfle. Lirky twletaltd nletury. Ikk b`mlnts grbj tdl tdl nbkklntabe ief ikk pdbtbcripds nburtlsy nburtlsy bg tdl Nbuety Jusluj ae Dikjstif _Kæesjusllt DikjstifZ, Dikjstif, Dikkief, ^wlfle. Ikk pdbtbcripds `y Mie ^vlessbe.
X ALNLS BPO
>>
Jattles tb Oeat Aesparlf `y i KIVL-JLFALWIK JAVVLE ^\^IE ^PISE
I
saxtlletd-nletury ndakf‑s jattle ebw ae tdl nbkklntabe b tdl Jusluj b Kbefbe K befbe ief sdbwe ae tdl bk-
kbwaec irtankl aesparlf tdas nbetljpbriry jattle flsace ae twb sazls. A divl ndbsle oeattaec tlndeaquls oebwe rbj tdl saxtlletd nletury, sund is tdl lirky Clrjie �eclrtap (br Ljaky Bnolr) nist-be (sll tdl ‛Narnukir Nist-Be br Vuj`‚‚ safl`ir be picl ><) Vuj` > <) ief tdl dipdizirf pkinljlet b oeat-twb-tbcltdlr flnrlisls. Vl ricjlet b rljiaeaec nu lfcl succlsts tdl usl b i stiefirf `aef-b.
JILPAIK^
Fl``al @kass @i`y Nisdjlraeb, fastra`utlf `y Oeattaec Glvlr, <<% jlraeb/>>% janrb`lr/90% nisdjlrl yire, spbr twlac twlacdt, dt, 9> 9>3 3 yirfs yi rfs (90< j)/<8 j) /<8 c `ikk `ikk,, 9 `ikk bg #07 ^ligbij (JN) gbr jattle `bfy? sjikk ijbuet bg #99 Ndbnbkitl (NN) gbr flnbritavl `ief? vasat www.oeattaecglvlr.nbj www.oeattaecglvlr.nbj (nkano be ‛Gaef i ^tbrl‚ ae tdl kast it tdl tbp) gbr i kast bg rltiaklrs Ellfkls, twb slts bg < fbu`kl pbaetlf, sazl 0 (0.3< jj) Viplstry ellfkl Gaeasdlf sazl= < aendls (90.3 nj) dief narnujglrlenl ief <» aendls (9>.> nj) kbec Ciucl= 9> sts ief 91 refs : 0 aendls (<.9 nj) ^ll picl <9 gbr I``rlvaitabes
AE^P\NABE^ Ebtls= @btd
^usie ^triwe‑s ndakf-sazl (i`bvl) ief ifukt-sazl (racdt) oeattlf jattles. Xdbtbcripds `y Mbl Nbni.
>6
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
jattles sdbwe irl wbrolf tdl sijl ief nie `l wbre be latdlr dief. Gbr i kirclr jattle watd i dief narnujlrlenl b i`but 7º aendls (97 nj), usl wbrstlf-wlacdt yire ief sazl 7 (6 jj) ellfkls it i ciucl b < statndls ief 3 rbuefs plr aend (0.< nj), tdle oeat tdl tduj` ief `bfy b tdl jattle tb tdl flsarlf klectds. Pljlj`lr tdit prbpbrtabes falr br ndakf ief ifukt diefs. Vl waftd tb klectd ritab br ie ifukt dief as i`but 9=0, wdakl br i ndakf‑s dief at as nkbslr tb 9=9.<. A uslf 0 solaes b Fl``al @kass Nisdjlraeb Irie (<<% jlraeb/>>% janrb�`lr/90% nisdjlrl yire, wbrstlf wlacdt, 14 yirfs _18 jZ/<8 c `ikk) ae #<80 Xli Crlle br tdl jattle `bfy ief i sjikk ijbuet b #884 Ndbnbkitl br tdl flnbritavl `ief be tdl kirclr sijpkl sdbwe it klg. Dief Satd JN, NB 97 sts. Fa vafl sts 6 lind betb 6 ellfkls ief mbae br wbroaec ae tdl ref. A tdas llks iwowirf, at jiy dlkp tb pkinl tdl ellfkls
be i �it surinl br oeattaec tdl �rst rbuefs. O 0 refs. Elxt ref= *O9, ref= *O9, aeslrt klg ellfkl tap ueflrelitd tdl strief `ltwlle tdl twb ellfkls ief kag at betb tdl klg ellfkl, tdle oeat tdl kaglf strief tdrbucd ats `ino kbbp (racdt-skiet kaglf aen)? rlp rbj *‖>0 sts? 4 sts lind be 6 ellfkls. O uetak dief rlindls tb stirt b tduj`, i`but 0º aendls (7 nj) br sjikklr jattles sdbwe. @rlio yire ief slt jattle dief isafl. Vuj` Satd tdl slnbef slt b ellfkls ief JN, NB 3 sts. Fa vafl sts > lind betb betb > ellfkls ief mbae br br wbroaec ae tdl ref. Iciae, pkinl tdl ellfkls be i �it surinl br jbrl nbetrbk wdle oeattaec tdl �rst lw rbuefs. O > refs. Elxt ref= *O9, ref= *O9, racdt-skiet kaglf aen? rlp rbj rbj *‖96 sts. O ikk sts uetak tduj` rlindls flsarlf klectd? i`but 9 aend (> nj) br sjikklr jattles sdbwe. Mbae Vuj` ief Dief ure tduj` ief dief aesafl but. ^k < sts rbj lind palnl betb slpiritl ellfkls, ief dbkf ellfkls tbc watd P^ tbundaec ief S^ inaec butwirf. \saec iebtdlr ellfkl, mbae < sts rbj dief ief tduj` tbc usaec tdl tdrll-ellfkl `aef-b jltdbf (sll lndeaqul safl`ir `lkbw? @B wakk brj i rafcl be tdl S^ b tdl jattle tdit wakk ebt `l vasa`kl be tdl pu`kan safl‖>7 sts rlj= 03 dief sts, 1 tduj` sts. ure jattle P^ but, ief rlmbae JN tb `lc b dief sts. Elxt ref= O9, ref= O9, racdt-skie racdt-skiett kaglf aen, o tb kist dief st, racdtskiet kaglf aen, o9, o1 tduj` sts‖>4 sts. Elxt ref= O01, ref= O01, o0tbc, o<, sso‖>7 sts? tdas wakk nkbsl tdl sjikk dbkls be tdl safls b tdl mbae. Plfastra`utl sts lquikky, 1 sts lind be 6 ellfkls. O > refs. O 6 refs, wbroaec o0tbc i tbtik b sax tajls it riefbj aetlrviks ae tdlsl refs‖>8 sts. Ebtl Ebtl== Aetlrlstaecky, riefbj flnrlisls flnrli sls jiy `l fanukt? tdl bkkbwaec bkk bwaec stritlcy wakk nrlitl i dipdizirf llnt sajakir tb tdit b tdl Jusluj b Kbefbe jattle= Be tdl �rst ref wbro _o98, o0tbcZ tdrll tajls (>> sts), o tdl slnbef ief tdarf refs, tdle be tdl burtd ref wbro _o6, o0tbc, o8 sts? 7 sts fln‑f bvlr 6 refs. O < refs br uetak jattle jlisurls 9» aendls (>.0 nj) klss tdie flsarlf klectd br sjikklr jattles, br 0 aendls (<.9 nj) klss tdie flsarlf klectd br kirclr jattles ae wbrstlf-wlacdt yire. Flnbritavl @ief Pef 9= O 9= O watd NN. NN. Pef 0= 0= *O9 watd JN, o9 watd NN? rlp rbj *.
Narnukir Nist-Be gbr Vduj` Vduj` XPA^NAKKI I. CA@^BEPB@LP^
A
ndbbsaec tb wbro watd i narnukir nist-be, A usl i jbfa�nitabe b tdl bkf Clrjie narnukir nist-be (bgle rllrrlf tb is tdl Ljaky Bnolr narnukir nist-be). Vl trifatabeik trifatabeik wiy usls i nrbndlt dbbo tb pano up tdl statndls. A jund prllr tdl jbfa�nitabe usaec i oeattaec ellfkl, tdus lkajaeitaec `btd tdl rbuef b nrbndlt dlifs ief tdl trieslr b statndls rbj dbbo tb oeattaec ellfkl. Gbr tdas vlrsabe, jiol i eanolk-sazlf narnkl b yire, klivaec i tiak tb friw at tbcltdlr itlr ybu divl oeattlf i lw rbuefs. Satd i oeattaec ellfkl, friw i kbbp up tdrbucd tdl nletlr b tdl narnkl. ^euc tdas �rst statnd slnurlky be tdl ellfkl. Vle friw i slnbef kbbp up rbj tdl butsafl b tdl narnkl? pukk tdl tdarf kbbp rbj tdl aesafl, tdl burtd rbj tdl butsafl, tdl �gd rbj tdl aesafl. Nbetaeul ae tdas jieelr uetak ybu divl tdl euj`lr b statndls elnlssiry. A wbroaec ie bff euj`lr b statndls, tdl kist statnd nbjls rbj tdl aesafl b tdl narnkl? a wbroaec ie lvle euj`lr b statndls, tdl kist statnd nbjls rbj tdl butsafl b tdl narnkl ief kbbos kaol i yire-bvlr. A usuikky pano up dik tdl elnlssiry statndls, oeat bel rbuef tb favafl tdl statndls be tdl ellfkls, tdle rlplit ‛oeat bel/jiol bel riaslf‚ irbuef tb rlind tdl ukk tduj` narnujlrlenl. ‖Vlxt ief akkustritabes lxnlrptlf watd plrjassabe grbj ^ajpkl ^bnos= Xkiae ief Gieny `y Xrasnakki I. Ca`sbePb`lrts (Gbrt Nbkkaes, Nbkbrifb= Ebjif Xrlss, 0889)
(i) Friw rst kbbp tdrbucd narnkl.
(`) Friw up kbbp be butsafl bg narnkl.
(n) Kbbps is tdly wbukf ipplir ag ellfkl rljbv rljbvlf. lf.
Pef >= O >= O watd NN? `rlio b NN. Nu Satd JN, o br µ aend (9.1 nj) iglr flnbritavl `ief br sjikklr jattles, br 9 aend (0.< nj) br kirclr jattles. X 9 ref. @B is tb p. Gaeasdaec Slivl ae kbbsl lefs, usaec yire tiaks tb nkbsl iey dbkls wdlrl tduj` mbaes dief. V L N D E A Y \ L
Vdrll-Ellfkl Vdrll-E llfkl @aef-Bgg @aef- Bgg Xkinl statndls tb `l mbaelf betb twb slpiritl ellfkls. Dbkf tdlj watd racdt safls bg oeattaec ginaec tbcltdlr. Aeslrt i tdarf ellfkl aetb rst statnd be lind bg tdl btdlr twb ellfkls ief oeat tdlj tbcltdlr is bel statnd. *Oeat elxt statnd be lind ellfkl tdl sijl wiy. Xiss rst statnd bvlr slnbef statnd. Plplit grbj * uetak bel statnd rljiaes be tdarf ellfkl. Nut yire ief pukk tiak tdrbucd kist statnd.
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
XALNLSBPO
><
I
XIAP BG wbbky diefoeattlf jattles watd flnbritavl `iefs b nbetristaec wbbk, rbws b purklf statndls it tdl nus, ief oeat-twb-tbcltdlr sdipaec benl prbtlntlf tdl diefs b i sjikk ndakf rbj tdl dirsd ndakk b Ebrtd Itkietan waetlrs. Vl itl b bel b tdl jattles as ueoebwe? tdl btdlr kiy `uralf br bur nleturals uetak fasnbvlrlf furaec twletaltd-nletury lxnivitabes ae tdl Naty b Kbefbe. bfiy bfiy,, tdl Jlfalvik Cikklry b tdl Jusluj b Kbefbe lxda`ats tdl sbkatiry jattle is i rirl survavbr b kitljlfalvik diefoeattlf tlxtakls. Istbeasdaecky wlkk prlslrvlf, at riasls ikk sbrts b qulstabes= Dbw wis at oeattlf ief `y wdbj2 Sdit as oebwe i`but oeattaec ae saxtlletdnletury Leckief, ief dbw fbls tdl jattle nbetra`utl tb bur ueflrstiefaec b oeattaec dastbry2 DL JALE
i flnifl kitlr a sdl falf ae ndakf`artd, is sb jiey wbjie b tdl plrabf faf. Vl jattle‑s sajpkl flsace succlsts tdit ats oeattlr `lkbeclf tb tdl wbroaec wbroaec nkiss. Xlrdips sdl dif ajjacritlf rbj tdl nbuetrysafl aetb tdl Naty b Kbefbe, dbpaec tb �ef i kal tdit wis klss crulkaec ief flifky tdie irj ki`br. Nbetljpbriry rlnbrfs i rj tdit naty wbjle wlrl ljpkbylf ae i wafl riecl b bnnupitabes, aenkufaec tdl wbbk trifl ief tlxtakl prbfuntabe. L E C K I E F ‑ ^ P L E I A ^ ^ I E N L I E F NDIECAEC GI^DABE^
dl Leckasd pbpukinl witndlf is Oaec Dlery WAAA (9619„9<63) jirralf ief tdle favbrnlf br lxlnutlf �vl b das sax qulles, `rbol watd tdl Ndurnd b Pbjl, ief lsti`kasdlf tdl Ndurnd b Leckief. Iglr tdl `ral rlace b tdl ‛@byOaec‚ Lfwirf WA (9<>3„9<<>), ‛@kbbfy‚ Jiry ufbr (9<97„ 9<<4) issujlf tdl tdrbel, rlturelf Leckief tb tdl Ndurnd b Pbjl, ief rllky `urelf dlrltans. \eflr tdl kbec ief prbsplrbus rlace b Lkazi`ltd A (9<>>„978>), Leckief ljlrclf i wbrkf pbwlr. pbwlr. riesbrjitabes ae rlkacabe, pbkatans, lnbebjans, ief tdl irts just divl istbueflf Kbefbelrs, eb`akaty ief nbjjbelrs ikaol. Jlj`lrs b tdl wbroaec nkiss ^PISE �bnoaec tb valw rbyik prbnlssabes siw cletllk jle ief wbjle b tdl rukaec nkissls wliraec rand urs, �el klitdlr ckbvls, ief sujptubus vlkvlts ief `rbnifls. Kinljioaec ief lj`rbaflry �burasdlf? jiey cirjlets wlrl flsacelf watd skisdls tb lxpbsl lxpbs l nbetristaec i`rans i`ran s `lelitd. ^tasty stirndlf rus pklitlf br citdlrlf irbuef tdl elno crlw tb stirtkaec waftds. Sbjle lxicclritlf tdlar nbetburs watd `belf nbrslts, dbbps, ief wdllk irtdaecikls, wdakl jle faf tdl sijl `y stu ec `bj`ist (dbrsldia ( dbrsldiar, r, wbbk, br kaele pifp iffaec) aetb fbu`klts, `rllndls, ief trueo dbsl. Eb`akaty ief cletry nbukf ibrf tb aefukcl ae dacd isdabe, `ut tdl brfaeiry wbroaec bko ljukitlf tdlar nkbtdaec stykls is rlsburnls (ief ufbr sujptuiry kiws) ikkbwlf.
I Nda Ndakkf‑s grbbj Jattle gr
dl jattle wis oeattlf ae tdl rbuef rbj aeclrtaps tb nu, i trifatabeik printanl ae Crllnl, uroly, ief Irjleai `ut ueusuik br ueoebwe ae btdlr rlcabes. dl tduj` wis iksb oeattlf tap fbwewirf ief tdle mbaelf tb tdl jattle it tdl safl. dl dipdizirf oeat-twb-tbcltdlr flnrlisls slle `ltwlle tdl `isl b tdl tduj` ief tdl nu irl sajakir tb flnrlisls slle be btdlr jlfalvik diefoeattlf ricjlets lxnivitlf ^\^IE ae tdl Naty b Kbefbe. Vl wbbk �`lr bracaeikky just divl `lle eiturik wdatl br nrlij, `ut at dis bxafazlf bvlr tdl nleturals tb i pikl juffy `rbwe. Vl firo oeattlf `ief dis `lle flsnra`lf is `laec b `kino wbbk br fylf watd purpkl kandle. ^axtlletd-nletury oeattlrs klirelf elw statndls, pittlres, ief tlndeaquls rbj btdlr oeattlrs br `y lxijaeaec nbjpkltlf i`rans‖br tdly aevletlf elw bels tdljslkvls. Xu`kasdlf oeattaec pittlres wbukf ebt `lcae tb ipplir uetak tdl jaffkl b tdl elxt nletury. nletury.
^axtlletdNletury Kbefbe
OEAAEC AE ^ATLLEDNLE\PQ KBEFBE
Vl jattle‑s nrlitbr wbukf divl kavlf ijbec ie lstajitlf <8,888 btdlr Kbefbelrs watdae naty wikks tdit prbtlntlf i jakl-kbec strltnd b eirrbw ief twastaec strllts, lind �ktdy, firo, ief fieclrbus. Dik tdl pbpukitabe falf `lbrl tdlar tdartaltd `artdfiy‖rbj faslisl br iebtdlr dbrrbr. I cark nbukf jirry it twlkvl watdbut pirletik nbeslet, `ut dlr wlffaec nkbtd jacdt wlkk slrvl is dlr sdrbuf >7
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
I CKAJX^L AEB ^ATLLEDNLE\PQ LECKA^D OEAAEC
Vl nip oeattaec aefustry, tacdtky rlcukitlf `y tbwe cuakfs, dif `lle flvlkbplf ae Leckief `lbrl tdl sax-
tlletd nletury. Ae 9<39, i elw kiw jiefitlf tdit plbpkl bg tdl dacdlr nkissls just wlir ie Leckasd-jifl nip be ^uefiys ief dbkafiys (lxnlpt wdle trivlkaec) br raso `laec �elf. Sdle kbec nkbtd dbsl wlrl pissaec but bg stykl ae tdl jaf-saxtlletd nletury, wliktdy ief pbbr ikaol lj`rinlf tdl elw gisdabe gbr oeattlf stbnoaecs. Gael wbrstlf Leckasd stbnoaecs `lnijl i jimbr Lkazi`ltdie lxpbrt tb Lurbplie eitabes. Vl jirolt gbr oeattlf stbnoaecs, wdand �t ief olpt tdlar sdipl `lttlr tdie nkbtd dbsl, slljlf aesitai`kl. \ekaol tdl nipplrs, Leckasd stbnoaec oeattlrs wlrl ebt nbetrbkklf `y tbwe cuakfs? stbnoaec oeattaec `lnijl i nbtticl aefustry tdit faf ebt rlquarl stiefirfazlf soakks ae sdipaec ief �easdaec. Vlrl wis viraitabe ae quikaty ief stykls, flplefaec be falraec ndirintlrastans bg tdl wbbk bg falrlet sdllp `rllfs ief falrlenls ae oeattaec tbbks. dl diefoeattaec aefustry sprlif quanoky tdrbucdbut Leckief. Oeattaec nbukf `l tiucdt lisaky? nbuetry plbpkl, aenkufaec ndakfrle, tbbo tb oeattaec is tdly wikolf ief tleflf kavlstbno. Girjlrs lj`rinlf oeattaec is i wiy tb lol but i kavaec be lvlr sjikklr pirnlks bg kief.
tdl Leckasd Pleiassienl. At wis printanik, ebt gisdabei`kl, ylt wl nie ajicael tdit tdl t dl purlky flnbritavl jbtag wis i ebf tb tdl gisdabe-nbesnabus tajls ief tdl purklf statndls it tdl nu ief tdl sdipaec, aefanitabes bg Leckasd Pleiassienl aevletabe ief klireaec. Sditlvlr tdl iebeyjbus oeattlr‑ss intuik aetletabe, oeattlrs tbfiy ajjlfaitlky ipoeattlr‑ prlnaitl tdl splnaik nirl tiole tb nrlitl tdl ndakf‑s jattle ae saxtlletd-nletury Kbefbe. ❗ G \ P D L P P L I F A E C
@lno , Sakka @lno, Sakkaij. ij. Ckbvls Ckbvls,, Vdlar Ieeiks ief Issbnaitabes= I Ndiptlr bg Vrifl ief ^bnaik Dastbry . 944>. Plpraet, Ndirklstbe, ^butd Nirbkaei= @a`kab@iziir, 0881. Nrbwgbbt, Lkasi`ltd, Grienls Xratndirf, ief Oiy ^tieakief. Vlxtakls ief Nkbtdaec n.99<8„n.96<8. 0889. Plpraet, Pbndlstlr, Elw Qbro= @byflkk @byflk k & @rlwlr, 0887. Dlrkady,, Fivaf. ‛Kagl Lxplntienals gbr Dlrkady Sbjle ae Jlfalvik ^bnalty.‚ Ae Vdl Pbkl bg Sbjle ae tdl Jaffkl Icls. Ik`iey,, Elw Qbro ey Qbro== ^titl ^ti tl
DL LWBK\ABE BG JALE^ AE LECKIEF
dl Kbefbe jattle, flnlptavlky \eavlrsaty bg Elw Qbro Qbro pkiae ief sajpkl, succlsts tdit tdl flvlkbpjlet bg oeatXrlss, 913<. But bg praet. tlf nbvlraecs gbr diefs gbkkbwlf i saja kir pitd tb tdit bg Putt, Pandirf. I Das tbr y bg Die f Oea tta ec. 9143. Plpraet, Kbvlkief, Nbkbrifb= Nbkbrifb = Aetlrwlivl, 088>. oeattlf stbnoaecs‖stbnoaecs gbr tdl diefs, ag ybu wakk. Vdarso, Vdars o, Mbie. ‛Oeatta ‛Oeattaec ec ief i ef Oeatwirl, O eatwirl, n. 9<88„934 9<88„9348. 8.‚ ‚ Ae Vdl Nijdl lirkalst jattles gbr tdl pbbr wlrl jifl bg nbirsl `rafcl Dastbry bg Slstlre Slstlre Vlxtakls. Vlxtakls. Nij`r afcl, Leckief= Nij`rafcl \eavlrsaty Xrlss, 088>. 088>. rics, sajakir tb lirky gbbt nbvlraecs. Kitlr bels br tdbsl ‖‖‖. ‛Vdl Gietistani Gietistanik k Gbkky bg Gisdabe=Vdl Leckasd ^tbnoaec aetleflf gbr wliktdalr wlirlrs wlrl slwe bg nkbtd ief Oeattaec Aefustry, 9<88„9388.‚ Ae Vdl Purik Lnbebjy bg Ledif i tduj` ief sbjltajls bel br twb �eclrs. I gbur ckief= Nbkklntlf Lssiys. Lssiys. Kbefbe= Vdl Dlj`kltbe Xrlss, 9146. tlletd-nletury jieusnrapt akkujaeitabe sdbws prbsplrbus pkbwjle ief sdlpdlrfs wliraec pirtanbkbrlf nkbtd I @ B \ D L I \ D B P I E F F L ^ A C E L P . ^usie ^triwe, ie isckbvls‖slwe grbj twb falrlet nbkbrs bg nkbtd kaol tdl sbnaitl prbglssbr it Fbjaeanie \eavlrsaty ae Pavlr Gbrlst, Akkaebas, Akkaebas, tlindls nkissls i`but tlxtakls, aenkufaec tdl dastbry bg nbstujl ief nukturik plrnbetljpbrielbus pirtanbkbrlf pirtan bkbrlf jle‑s dbsl. Oeattaec Ijlrani= I Ckbrabus Vl Kbefbe jattle tlkks us tdit jlfalvik oeattlrs ue- splntavls bg frlss. ^dl as tdl iutdbr bg Oeattaec Dlraticl grbj Sirj ^bnos tb Dacd Irt (Jaeelipbkas, Jaeelsbti= flrstbbf tdit oeattlf jattles dif tdl sijl ifvieticls Wbyiclur Xrlss, 0883) ief i jlj`lr bg XalnlSbro‑s lfatbraik ifvasbry is oeattlf stbnoaecs. Oeattaec wis gistlr ief lisalr‖ief pielk. ^dl wis gbrjlrky ie akkustritbr ief pdbtbstykast gbr Aetlrwlivl. nlrtiaeky jbrl pbrti`kl‖tdie wlivaec nkbtd ief tiakbr- ^dl tdieos Xrasnakki Ca`sbe-Pb`lrts, ie ifvbnitl bg Listlre-stykl e clrtap-tb-nugg jattle oeattaec, oeattaec, gbr dlr issastienl. issastienl. Plif jbrl i`but Xrasaec `ais-nut nkbtd tb �t latdlr diefs br gllt. nakki‑ss jattle oeattaec tlndeaquls ae ^ajpkl ^bnos= Xkiae ief Gieny nakki‑ Vl Kbefbe jattle slljs ie aetracuaec `klef bg jl- (Gbrt Nbkkaes, Nbkbrifb= Ebjif Xrlss, 0889). falvik wbroaec-nkiss oeattaec ief tdl aevletavl spiro bg M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
Jattle. Jiolr ueoebwe. Oeattlf. Sbbk. Leckief. ^axtlletd nletury. Nbkklntabe bg tdl Jusluj bg Kbefbe. (I9141). Xdbtbcripd © tdl Jusluj bg Kbefbe, Kbefbe, Leckief.
X ALNLS BPO
>3
Bggglraec Jat Bg Jatts ts tb Oeat EIENQ @\^D
V
dlsl blraec jatts, iksb oebwe is ‛jatts watd tbeculs,‚ ‛ndurnd jatts,‚ br ‛stu``y jatts,‚ wlrl i trifatabeik dief nbvlraec ae rurik Ebrwiy. Vly irl i viraitabe bg tdl �eclrklss ckbvls br jatts tdit irl pbpukir tbfiy. Vas prbmlnt wis aesparlf `y i pdbtbcripd ae Diefioklflt Diefioklflt bc bc fle slrljbealkk slrljbealkkll takfloeaec iv dleflel= Le friotdastbraso stufal oeyttlt tak Dbrfikief _Dief _Dief Nkbtdaec ief tdl Nlrljbeaik Nbvlraec bg tdl Diefs= I Nbstujl Dastbranik ^tufy Plkitlf tb DbrfikiefZ `y Cuevbr Aecstif rçttl`lrc (Bskb= Mbdiesle Sitlrnbkbr friwaec `y Iee ^wiesbe aesparlf `y tdl jatts gliturlf ae Diefioklflt bc fle slrljbealkkl takfloeaec iv dle- flel= Le frio- tdastbraso stufal oeyttlt tak Dbrfi- kief _Dief Nkbtdaec ief tdl Nlrljbeaik Nbvlraec bg tdl Diefs= I Nbstujl Dastbranik ^tufy Plkitlf tb DbrfikiefZ `y Cuevbr Aecstif Vrçttl`lrc (Bskb= Mbdiesle & Ealksle, 9166).
Eieny @usd‑s oeattlf bgglraec jatts. Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.Qire nburtlsy bg Ebrfan Ga`lr Irts. >4
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
& Ealksle, 9166) tdit Kiuriee Cak`lrtsbe, Cak`lrts be, tlxtakl nuritbr b Nu ndirt. X 9 ref br tureaec rafcl. O 96 refs. ure it Wlstlrdlaj Ebrwlcaie-Ijlranie Jusluj ae Fln- wbro aesafl but ief `lcae wbroaec `ino bvlr tdl ref ybu brid, Abwi, slet jl. dl aebrjitabe rbj tdas `bbo must nbjpkltlf? tb fajaeasd tdl sjikk dbkl ybu wakk clt it i`but tdlsl jatts watd i ‛tbecul,‚ wdand sdl trieskit- tdas pbaet, sk tdl st be tdl racdt-dief ellfkl betb tdl klglf br jl, siaf tdit wbjle wbrl tdas stykl b jatt tb dief ellfkl, `raec tdl wbroaec yire (ittindlf tb tdl st tb dôcjlssl (jbreaec dôcjlssl (jbreaec slrvanl br, plrdips, dbky fiys). Bel‑s tdl klg b tdas skapplf st) tb tdl `ino `ltwlle tdl twb ell`lst nkbtdaec, usuikky wbre tb ndurnd, wbukf divl ae- fkls (wrippaec irbuef tdl sk st) ief tdle rlpkinl tdl sk st nkuflf flnbritavl dief nbvlraecs ae nbkf wlitdlr. Div- betb tdl racdt-dief ellfkl. Qbur wbroaec yire wakk wa kk ebw aec dlr �eclrs rll lei`klf i wbjie tb ture tdl picls b `l ae tdl `ino b tdl t dl wbro ief ybu irl rlify tb nbet. tdl psikj `bbo ief fasnrlltky pkinl nbaes aetb tdl blr- Dief aec `isolt wdakl ollpaec dlr diefs rlkitavlky wirj. Vl O > refs. niptabe ae tdl `bbo trieskitls tb ‛Ndurnd jattles rbj Pacdt jatt= Ifmust sts sb tdlrl irl 97 sts be ellfkl #9, Ici, \kklesviec.‚ Ici, \kklesviec, as ae tdl prbvaenl b 93 sts be ellfkl #0, 99 sts be ellfkl #>, ief 98 sts be ellDbrfikief. Sl divl `lle uei`kl tb �ef iey iffatabeik fkl #6‖<6 sts tbtik. Sbro Pbw 9 b @ino b Dief ndirt aebrjitabe be tdlsl jatts. bvlr ellfkls #9 ief #0, wbro ae ^t st bvlr ellfkls #> ief Jatts sund is tdlsl ief dik-ckbvls jifl b lj`rba- #6. Sbro 9 jbrl ref ae pitt. flrlf sitae br oeattlf b kaele br wbbk wlrl isdabei`kl ae ^dipl tduj`= Sbro Pbw > b @ino b Dief ndirt Lurbpl ae tdl lacdtlletd ief eaeltlletd nleturals. Ebr- inrbss ellfkls #9 ief #0, tdle o0, pj, wbro Pbw 9 b wlcaies wlrl aesparlf `y tdl isdabes tdly lenbuetlrlf Kbwlr Vuj` Cusslt ndirt, pj, o tb lef b ref. rbj i`rbif ief ifiptlf tdlj br tdlar bwe usl. Klg jatt= Ifmust sts sb tdlrl irl 98 sts be ellfkl #9, 99 Itlr sllaec tdas prbmlnt, jy ralef @ltd @rbwe- sts be ellfkl #0, 97 sts be ellfkl #>, ief 93 sts be ellPlaeslk dif i crlit succlstabe= iff i sjikk nrbndlt kbbp fkl #6‖<6 sts tbtik. Sbro Sbro ae ^t st bvlr ellfkls #9 ief #0, be tdl aesafl b tdl tbp b lind ‛tbecul‚ be tdl dief tb wbro Pbw 9 b @ino b Dief ndirt bvlr ellfkls #> ief ittind tdas palnl tb tdl jaffkl �eclr ae brflr tb ollp tdl #6. Sbro 9 jbrl ref ae pitt. tbecul rbj ikkaec iwiy rbj tdl dief. ^dipl tduj`= O tb kist > sts b ellfkl #0, pj, wbro Pbw 9 b Kbwlr Vuj` Cusslt ndirt, pj, o0, wbro Pbw > b @ino b Dief ndirt inrbss ellfkls #> ief #6. JILPAIK^ @btd jatts= Nbet wbroaec `btd ndirts ae pitt t drbucd Piuji Cijjlkslral Cijjlkslr al ^traoolcire, fastra`utlf `y Iredakf‑s Iredakf‑s Pbw 07 b @ino b Dief ndirt. Oeattaec ^tufab, 988% wbbk yire, eclraec wlacdt, 93< 93 < yirfs (978 j)/<8 c `ikk, 9 `ikk bg #CK689 BggElxt ref= (Pbw ref= (Pbw 03 b ndirt) Sbro ae pitt tb tduj` cus Sdatl? vasat www.iredakf.nbj/stbrlR kastaec.dtj gbr slt sts, pkinl 9> tduj` cusslt sts betb dbkflr br wistl i kast bg rltiaklrs yire, pj, NB 98 sts `ldaef tdlsl dlkf sts, pj, wbro tb Ellfkls, slt bg < fbu`kl-pbaetlf, sazl 8 (0 jj) Jirolrs lef b ref‖7> sts. Ifmust sts be pikj ellfkls sb tdlrl irl 9< sts be lind ellfkl. Gaeasdlf sazl= 4º aendls (09.7 nj) dief narnujglrlenl Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw >8 b ndirt. i`bvl tduj` ief 4 aendls (08.> nj) kbec Ciucl= 9< sts ief 06 refs : 0 aendls (<.9 nj) ae ^t st Elxt ref= (Pbw ref= (Pbw >9 b ndirt) Sbro Sbro ae pitt tb 98 jirolf NB sts, wbro Pbw 9 b \pplr duj` Cusslt ndirt, ^ll picl <9 gbr I``rlvaitabes wbro ae pitt tb lef b ref. Nbet wbroaec `btd ndirts ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw >1 b @ino b Dief ndirt‖<3 sts AE^P\NABE^ rlj? 06 sts be pikj ief >> sts be `ino b dief. PlEbtls== A ybu divl i yirebvlr iglr i purk ief `lbrl Ebtls jbvl js. i oeat, sajpky klt tdl yire fripl bvlr tdl racdt-dief ellPacdt jatt= Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw 6> b ndirt. fkl tb jiol tdl yirebvlr yirebvlr,, tdle oeat tdl elxt statnd. A ybu Elxt ref= (Pbw ref= (Pbw 66 b ndirt) Sbro ae pitt tb kist 0 pikj divl i oeat, tdle i yirebvlr, tdle i purk, oeat tdl statnd, sts, o0tbc‖<7 sts rlj? 0> sts be pikj ief >> sts be `raec tdl yire tb tdl rbet `ltwlle tdl ellfkls, tiol at `ino b dief. Sbro Sbro pikj sts ae o9, p9 ra` ief `ino b bvlr tdl tbp b tdl ellfkl tb tdl `ino `ltwlle tdl elldief sts ae ndirtlf pitt tdrbucd Pbw 61 b ndirt. Sbro fkls tb tdl rbet, tdle purk tdl elxt statnd. Pbw <8 b ndirt inrbss `ino b dief, @B 00 pikj sts‖ NB <6 sts. Favafl sts lvleky betb 6 ellfkls. Mbae aetb i 9 pikj st rlj be racdt ellfkl. ^k �rst st b elxt ref narnkl, `laec nirluk ebt tb twast sts. tb racdt-dief ellfkl, piss kist pikj st bvlr at, `aefNu aec at b, tdle rlpkinl tdl sk st betb tdl klg-dief ellSbro 0 refs ae o9, p9 ra`. O 9 ref. Sbro Pbws 9„96 fkl‖>> sts rlj.
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0881
XALNLSBPO
>1
Klg jatt= Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw 66 b ndirt. Elxt ref= (Pbw 6< b ndirt) Sbro ae pitt tb kist 0 pikj sts, o0tbc, wbro ae pitt tb lef b ref‖<7 sts rlj? 0> sts be pikj ief >> sts be `ino b dief. Sbro pikj sts ae o9, p9 ra` ief `ino b dief sts ae ndirtlf pitt tdrbucd Pbw <8 b ndirt. @B 00 pikj sts‖9 pikj st rlj be racdt ellfkl. ^k �rst st b `ino b dief tb racdtdief ellfkl, piss kist pikj st bvlr at, `aefaec at b, tdle rlpkinl tdl sk st betb tdl klg-dief ellfkl, wbro Pbw <9 b ndirt inrbss `ino b dief‖>> sts rlj. @btd jatts= Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw 48 b ndirt. Gistle b kist st. Vuj` Xkinl 9> dlkf tduj` sts betb ellfkl. Satd P^ inaec, mbae yire ief wbro Pbw 9 b Butsafl Vuj` ndirt inrbss tdlsl 9> sts, tdle pano up ief o 9 st it safl b dbkl (`lbrl NB sts), 9 st ae lind b 98 NB sts, ief 9 st it safl b dbkl Nugg
@ino bg Dief
9> 99 1
(iglr NB sts)‖0< sts tbtik. Mbae aetb i narnkl. Elxt ref= Sbro Pbw 0 b Butsafl Vuj` ndirt, sk 9, o9, pssb, o tb lef b ref‖06 sts rlj. Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw 98 b ndirt, ollpaec �rst 9> sts ae ndirtlf pitt ief kist 99 sts ae ^t st. Elxt ref= Sbro Pbw 99 b ndirt, wbro 99 sts ae o9, p9 ra`. Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw 9< b ndirt. Elxt ref= Sbro Pbw 97 b ndirt, @B 98 ra` sts‖9 ra` st rlj be racdt ellfkl. ^k �rst st b elxt ref tb racdt-dief ellfkl, piss kist ra` st bvlr at, `aefaec at b, tdle rlpkinl tdl sk st betb tdl klg-dief ellfkl‖9> sts rlj. Nbet ae pitt tdrbucd Pbw 07 b ndirt. Gistle b kist st. Gaeasdaec 31 Sisd tdl jatts ae wirj witlr watd jakf sbip 33 ief `kbno ueflr i tbwlk. Slivl ae kbbsl lefs. 3< Gbkf nus up it tureaec rafcl. 3> 39 I @ B \ D L F L ^ A C E L P . Eieny @usd, i jlj`lr bg XalnlSbro‑s XalnlSbro‑s lfatbraik ifvasbry pielk, tlindls oeat71 taec wbrosdbps eitabewafl ief bwes tdl Sbbky 73 Slst, i jiak-brflr sburnl gbr oeattlrs. ^dl kavls ae 7< ^ikt Kiol Naty, \tid, ief as tdl iutdbr bg eu7> jlrbus `bbos. 79 <1
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Ndirts jiy `l pdbtbnbpalf gbr plrsbeik usl. X ALNLS BPO
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**Sbro Sbro is cavle ae farlntabes is cavle ae farlntabes
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
Anl Dir`br Nbjpiss P B @ A E
K QEE
^ NBVV
Lklvle-ylir-bkf stlre jie Mbsy Lkfrlfcl wiets rlf ief criy ^iwtbbtd jattles kaol das kb`stlr `bit soapplr, `ut tdl vakkicl oeattlr, Iuet Icels, jiols daj bkf-gisdabelf, tbb-`ac Nbjpiss jattles watd `kino kaels tdit pbaet tdl farlntabes. Sdle tdl kb`stlr `bit clts kbst ae i tdano gbc, Mbsy ief tdl soapplr `btd ef but tdl bkf-tajl jattles dbkf tdl oly tb clttaec tdlj dbjl sigl. Vdlrl jacdt lvle `l jican oeattlf aetb tdlj.
Kb`stlr @bit ae Gbc `y `y Pb` Divljlylr. Facatik Nipturl (Niebe F^KP). Inifai Eitabeik Xiro, Jiael. 0883. Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg Pb` Divljlylr.
‛Ag ybu‑rl cbaec tb `l stlre jie be ^ij Lkfrlfcl‑s `bit tdas waetlr, ybu‑rl cbaec tb ellf i piar bg Nbjpiss jattles,‚ jattles,‚ Iuet Icels tbkf Mbsaid wdle sdl stbpplf `y gbr i kbif bg nri` tb pano. Mbsy craeelf prbufky. Ikk tdl jle wdb wbrolf be `bits ae Anl Dir`br dif Nbjpiss jattles oeattlf `y Iuet Icels. Vdl flsace be tdl Nbjpiss jattles wis kattkl bvlrkippaec wdllks, watd spbols tdit pbaetlf ebrtd ief sbutd ief list ief wlst. Ag Mbsy wis clttaec das bwe Nbjpiss jattles, jattles, dl just `l clttaec tb `l i jie. Iuet Icels put dlr dief pikj ffit iciaest das tb sll dbw kbec das gaeclrs wlrl be dlrs. Vdly wlrl tdl sijl klectd,
iktdbucd Mbsy wis lklvle ief Iuet Icels wis prb`i`ky is bkf is tdl rbno dlr dbusl stbbf be. ^dl cri``lf das dief irbuef tb sll dbw git at wis tbb. Mbsy wis i kattkl snirlf wdle sdl faf tdit watd dlr dief fry ief soaeey is ie bsprly‑s nkiw. Vdl fiy tdl jattles wlrl rlify, Mbsy wlet tb Iuet Icels‑s kattkl dbusl be tdl rbno bvlrkbboaec tdl `iy. Dl put be tdl jattles, ief das dbpls skaf but tdl snupplrs aetb tdl `iy. ‛Vdly‑rl tbb `ac,‚ dl wdasplrlf, igriaf tdit sdl wbukf tiol tdlj iwiy ief dl wbukfe‑t `l i`kl tb wbro be ^ij‑s `bit wdle at turelf nbkf. Iuet Icels‑s firo lyls lyls nraeoklf, ‛Vdly‑kk sdraeo up ae tdl sikt witlr ief sd cbrl. Ag tdly‑rl stakk tbb `ac `y elxt ^uefiy, M IE\IPQ/ G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNL S BPO
69
ybu `raec tdlj `ino, ief A‑kk jiol ybu i elw piar sjikklr.‚ ‛^iwtbbtd, as at2‚ ^dl isolf eikky ae i qualt, dirf vbanl Vdl elxt jbreaec, wdle Mbsy jlt das `ac nbusae ^ij wbrsl tdie Jbj‑s wdle sdl wis iecry. ‛^iwtbbtd!‚ sdl spat wikoaec fbwe tb tdl wdirg, dl wivlf it daj watd bel bg tdl but, ief dlr ieclr wis i nbkf waef ae tdl wirj, kattkl dbusl. elw jattles. Dl tdbucdt ^ij wbukf siy sbjltdaec kaol ‛Bb, ‛^iwtbbtd as gbr girj `bys. Qbu‑rl i sdaec `by, i`but tb `l i crbwae‑ up ebw irl ybu2‚ @ut dl fafe‑t. sdlr jie, Mbsy Lkfrlfcl. Qbu cb clt yburslkg ^iwtbbtd jat‛Djp,‚ ^ij siaf aestlif. ‛Cbt yburslkg yburslkg i piar bg Iuet Ic- tles grbj Ijlkai Xlroaes bvlr tb Sbbkwand ag ybu wiet, `ut els‑s bkf-tajl Nbjpiss jattles, fb ybu2 Kbbo wdit A cbt.‚ Dl fbe‑t ybu trust tdlj kaol Nbjpiss jattles tdit sdraeo ief dlkf up das diefs, ief Mbsy siw das jattles dif i pittlre bg jbkf tb ybur diefs, tdit divl kaels tdit pbaet ebrtd ief sbutd kattkl rlf traieckls, ikk pbaetaec pbaet aec tdl sijl wiy, ief tdl bppbsatl ief list ief wlst.‚ wiy be ^ij‑s btdlr dief. Vdly t das diefs plrglntky. Mbsy glkt dbt ikk bvlr ief wis ckif wdle Iuet Icels tbkf ‛Sbjie bvlr tb Sbbkwand jifl daj tb clt be dbjl. tdlj gbr jl. A piaf dlr vl fbkkirs,‚ ^ij Sdle dl cbt dbjl, Mbsy siaf tb das ‛Iwlsbjl,‚ ‛I wlsbjl,‚ siaf Mbsy. Dl siaf. ‛Vdly‑rl tdl `lst, ief tdly‑vl cbt jbj, ‛Vdit jlie bkf Iuet Icels wbe‑t rlf be tdlj, sb‑s ybu nie ef tdlj lisy. jiol jl i piar bg ^iwtbbtd jattles.‚ wasdlf dl dif i piar kaol Ief tdl siw tlltd ikk pbaet aetb tdl nleDas jbj siaf, ‛^dl ikrlify jifl ybu ^ij‑s aestlif bg tbb-`ac, tlr. Kaol tdl wiy ybu wiet tb cb.‚ Nbjpiss jattles, fafe‑t sdl2‚ ‛Iwlsbjl,‚ siaf Mbsy. Dl wasdlf dl Mbsy stuno but das kbwlr kap. bkf-gisdabelf `kino ief dif i piar kaol ^ij‑s aestlif bg tbb-`ac, ‛Fafe‑t sdl2 Satd kaels tdit pbaet ebrtd bkf-gisdabelf `kino ief wdatl Nbjpiss ief sbutd ief list ief wlst2‚ wdatl Nbjpiss jattles. jattles. Iuet Icels‑s jattles dif beky ‛@ut‖‚ Iuet I Icels‑s cels‑s jattles dif nbst i quirtlr. ‛Faf ybu tdieo dlr gbr tdlj2‚ ^ij sdbwlf daj dbw tb fueo tdl Dl dife‑t. Dl dif elvlr siaf tdieo ybu beky nbst i quirtlr. nbjpiss jattles ae tdl nbbkaec witlr gbr das elw jattles. ‛A piaf dlr i quirtlr,‚ grbj Kaky Jil ‑s lecael ief tb wraec dl siaf. tdlj dikg fry `lgbrl puttaec tdlj be. ‛Vdle nkip ybur diefs ‛Qbu fafe't tdieo dlr2‚ das jbj isolf iciae. ‛A‑kk jiol irbuef ybur `bfy, kaol tdas, tb clt ybur `kbbf ffbwaec,‚ ief dl dlr i kb`stlr stlw tbjbrrbw wdakl ybu‑rl but watd ^ij. Vdit‑s skipplf dajslkg be tdl sdbukflrs ief fienlf irbuef i kattkl. dlr givbratl. Qbu tiol at tb dlr tbjbrrbw igtlrebbe, ief ybu ‛Vdit wiy, ybur diefs‑kk stiy wirj wdle tdly clt wlt.‚ siy tdieo ybu.‚ Vdit fiy tdl jattles ru``lf be tdl wbbf bg tdl trips ief ‛Boiy.. @ut‖‚ ‛Boiy @ut‖ ‚ tdly ru``lf be tdl diukaec kaels, ief tdly wirjlf up be tdl ‛Eb `uts, jastlr,‚ das jbj siaf. ‛^dl jifl tdbsl jattles lecael it kuend, ief wdle Mbsy tbbo tdlj b ae tdl igtlrebbe, gbr ybu `lniusl ybu‑rl ie Anl Dir`br `by, nbjjlenaec tb sd. tdly kbbolf kaol tdl jattles wbre `y jle be `bits, oaef bg Ebt gbr ybur kattkl quirtlr. Anl Dir`br jle wlir Nbjpiss jatru``lf ief guzzlf ief jittlf. Vdly wlrl lvle i facdt sjikk- tles. Vb `raec tdlj dbjl sigl. Vdly‑rl bur cbbf kuno.‚ lr. @ut tdly fafe‑t divl `racdt rlf siw tlltd. Mbsy tdbucdt tdit wis stupaf, `ut dl fafe‑t firl siy sb. Sdle tdly sbkf tdlar kb`stlrs tdit fiy, Mbsy siw tdit sbjl Vdl elxt jbreaec, wdle ^ij ief Mbsy wikolf fbwe tb bg tdl btdlr bkflr `bys dif elw ^iwtbbtd jattles tbb ief wlrl tdl wdirg, ^ij kuccaec twb `unolts bg `iat dlrraec ief Mbsy sdbwaec tdlj b. nirryaec tdlar kuend ief i tdlrjbs bg nbll, i gbc `ieo kiy Mbsy wlet tb Iuet Icels‑s dbusl up be tdl rbno. Iuet Ic- bsdbrl kaol i criy wdikl kbkkaec be tbp bg tdl witlr. els civl daj i nup bg wirj nbnbi ief tlislf daj i kattkl. ‛At‑kk `ure b,‚ ^ij siaf tb \enkl Lf Xrbwlr, wdb wis rlpiar‛Qbur jattles stakk tbb `ac2‚ aec elt ae das fricclr Jass Lkkal, talf up tb tdl wdirg. Vdl nbnbi glkt cbbf ae das diefs ief stbjind igtlr ‛A fbe‑t jaef ybu sdbukf dlif but uetak tdle,‚ Lf Xrbw`laec but ae tdl nbkf ikk fiy. ‛I kattkl. @ut tdly‑rl wbroaec lr siaf. it sdraeoaec.‚ ‛Sl‑kk `l boiy,‚ ^ij siaf. ‛A wis `bre it eacdt, `ut ebt kist ‛Irl tdly tbb nbkf2 Qbu Qbu wbro i dbkl ae tdlj ikrlify2‚ Iuet eacdt.‚ Icels isolf sjakaec. ‛Jiy`l. Dbw jund ybu cbaec tb nitnd2 ^aenl ybu oebw Mbsy fafe‑t oebw wdit tb siy. ‛Eb. Vdly‑rl wirj. @ut, lvlrytdaec2‚ Lf Xrbwlr seipplf `ino. ‛Qbu bucdte‑t tb dlif Iuet‖‚ but ‑tak at `ures b.‚ Mbsy oelw dl jliet, ‛A fbe‑t wiet tb divl ‛Qls2 @ut wdit2‚ tb nbjl but igtlr ybu.‚ ‛A wbeflrlf‖‚ Mbsy fafe‑t wiet tb siy at, `ut dl faf wiet rlf ^ij ief Mbsy nkaj`lf aetb tdl fbry ief kbiflf ae tdl dlrief criy ^iwtbbtd jattles tdit t das diefs, ief dl nbukfe‑t raec. Mbsy Mbsy stbbf ae tdl stlre ief snukklf watd bel kbec bir. At cb tb Sbbkwand, ief dl fafe‑t divl vl fbkkirs. ‛A wbeflrlf wis dirf, `ut dl klielf aetb at. Dl wietlf tb sdbw ^ij ief ag ybu nbukf jiol jl jattles watd kattkl rlf traieckls aestlif. Lf Xrbwlr tdit dl nbukf fb at. ^ij ebfflf tb daj ief sjaklf ^iwtbbtd jattles.‚ Vdlrl. Dl dif siaf at. ief prltleflf dl fafe‑t sll Lf Xrbwlr snbwkaec igtlr tdlj. Iuet Icels‑s bsprly sdirp lyls slljlf tb sdraeo daj aetb ‛Bkf jie,‚ ^ij juttlrlf ueflr das `rlitd wdle tdly wlrl i kattkl oaf. Dl nbukfe‑t lvle jletabe tdl quirtlr dl dif ae das but bg dliraec. Kaky Jil slt but ae tdl dir`br be i jbbraec. Grbj tdl wdirg, pbnolt tb piy gbr tdl elw jattles. ‛Kaol ^ij Lkfrlfcl‑s,‚ dl ifflf ae i taey vbanl. Mbsy siw beky dlr sdifbw ae tdl gbc, `ut wdle tdly cbt tb dlr, 60
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
sdl wis nklir lebucd. Mbsy kbbolf `ino it tdl t dl wdirg ief nbukf ‛Dly. Vdas bel tajl.‚ ^ij pusdlf at it daj. ‛Vistls iwguk, sll beky gbc. `ut at wirjs ybu tdrbucd.‚ @ut ^ij wise‑t `bre kist eacdt, igtlr ikk. Dl oelw wdle tb Mbsy sapplf it tdl nbll, tdano watd jako ief sucir. At tistcb but ief wdle ebt tb. ^takk, at wis i kattkl sniry ebt `laec i`kl lf kaol nbll anl nrlij‖ebt das givbratl anl nrlij, `ut iwguk tb sll tdl wdirg br tdl sdbrlkael. cbbf dbt. At wlt fbwe tdl ckb` bg kb`stlr siefwand sbjl, ief Is dl nkaj`lf be`birf Kaky Jil, dl siw das diefs ief tdl tdl nup wirjlf tdrbucd das wlt jattles. guzzy nbjpiss jattles. Kuno, Jbj siaf. Vb `raec tdlj dbjl ‛Cbtti tdaeo,‚ ^ij siaf ief tbbo iebtdlr `atl bg kb`stlr sigl. siefwand. Dl nbukf dlir cukks bvlr tb tdl sd prbnlssaec pkiet, ief dl ‛Irl wl kbst2‚ Mbsy isolf. nbukf dlir tdl clelritbr nduccaec `y tdl stbrl, ief dl nbukf ‛Oaef bg. @ut A‑kk sbrt at but.‚ dlir Lf Xrbwlr‑s fricclr `iec kacdtky iciaest tdl pakaecs ae ‛Nie‑t wl usl i nbjpiss tb clt dbjl2‚ tdl rasaec tafl. At wis kaol `laec ae `lf it eacdt. Qbu nbukfe‑t ‛Nbukf,‚ ^ij ieswlrlf. ‛Br i CX^. Ag wl dif bel. Elvlr sll ieytdaec, `ut ybu nbukf tlkk must wdlrl lvlrytdaec wis. ellflf bel `lgbrl.‚ Vdly nducclf but, ief Mbsy kklf `iat `ics watd ndbpplf Ie bsprly ndarplf bvlrdlif, wdllkaec ueslle i`bvl tdlj, dlrraec, tdle cbt but tdl `iefaec lkistans ief tdl mac tb gat up tdlrl ae tdl gbc. Mbsy tdbucdt tdl bsprlys dif jbvlf sbutd tdlj be tdl kb`stlrs‑ nkiws. Vdl nrasp, nbkf iar `kbwaec `ino ikrlify, ief gbr eb cbbf rlisbe, dl tdbucdt bg Iuet Icels. ikbec tdl flno tbbo jbst bg tdl bkf sd sjlkk bvlr`birf. Nbjpiss jattles, tb `raec tdlj dbjl sigl. ^ij skbwlf, ief tdl dyfriukan waend snrlijlf is dl diuklf Dl kbbolf bvlr it ^ij‑s ^iwtbbtd jattles. Vdly kbbolf ae i trip, bplelf at, ief tbsslf sd ief tbb-sjikk kb`stlrs `ino. guzzlf ief jittlf kaol das Nbjpiss jattles. @ut tdly tbb dif Dl dbbolf das ciucl bvlr tdl niripinl bg iebtdlr ief iebtd- sdrueo ief fafe‑t lvle nbvlr ^ij‑s wrasts. lr, ief put tdlj, ffbppaec ief wacckaec, be tdl ti`kl gbr Mbsy Dl kbbolf it das bwe jattles. Vdly dif sdrueo tb t ief tb `ief. jbkflf lxintky tb das diefs. Nbjpiss jattles watd kaels tdit Iebtdlr `urst bg lecael ief i rbbstlr tiak wiol, iebtdlr pbaetlf ebrtd ief sbutd ief list ief wlst. trip, bel kb`stlr, gbur nri`s. Iebtdlr. I ebtdlr. Ief iebtdlr. Mbsy wis I jbvljlet niucdt das lyl be tdl jattles. Bel slt bg kaels ollpaec up boiy wdle ^ij skbwlf Kaky Jil. wis sdaey, ae must bel farlntabe. Dl jbvlf das diefs nittyMbsy kbbolf up. ^ij wis pllraec aetb tdl gbc grbj safl nbrelr ief tdl sdaey pirt sdagtlf tb tdl faicbeiks. tb safl. ‛^ij,‚ dl siaf. ‛Kbbo it jy Nbjpiss jattles.‚ ‛^dbukf `l bel racdt dlrl. Fbe‑t oebw wdlrl at‑s cbt tb,‚ ‛Qlid, A oebw. Iuet Icels jifl tdlj gbr ybu, ief ikk tdit. dl siaf tdbucdtgukky. Dl cueelf tdl lecael ief Kaky Jil nar- ^dut up. Boiy2‚ nklf kircl kbbps ae tdl witlr. Kbboaec but grbj tdl aesafl tdl ‛Eb, gbr rlik. Ndlno tdlj but.‚ Dl put das diefs but tbwirf `bit wis kaol tryaec tb sll but bg i jako muc. Vdlrl wis ebtd- ^ij, ief tdl sdaey pirt jbvlf iciae, is ag lind kattkl `lr bg aec `ut wdatl. tdl wbbk wis i soaeey kattkl fabfl. ‛Vdly‑rl ‛Gbc‑s tdanolelf aestlif bg `ureaec pbaetaec. Vdit wiy. ^ll tdl kacdt2‚ Dl kbbolf it das bwe b,‚ ^ij nbjjletlf uelisaky. ‛At‑s clt^ij kbbolf ief kbbolf, tdle sdbbo das taec nbkflr tbb.‚ jattles. Vdly dif sdrueo dlif. ‛Gbr rlik,‚ dl siaf sbgtky. ‛A‑f dlirf, ^bjltdaec `ieclf ief snriplf tdl `ut A tdbucdt at wis tikls.‚ tb t ief jbkflf lxintky `bttbj bg tdl `bit, ief tdly kurndlf ief ‛Sdit‑s at jlie2 Irl wl suppbslf tb dif tb nitnd tdl riak tb stiy be tdlar t dlar gllt. cb tdit wiy2‚ tb das diefs. Nbjpiss ‛Frit!‚ ^ij siaf. ‛Sl‑rl tbb nkbsl ae.‚ Dl ‛Fbe‑t oebw. Jacdt jlie tdit.‚ Dl kastlelf, ief Mbsy nbukf dlir witlr nkunowaccklf bel bg Mbsy‑s diefs safl tb jattles watd kaels tdit aec be stbel tb tdl stir`birf safl bg tdl safl ief tdl sdaey kaels ffanolrlf irbuef pbaetlf ebrtd ief s sbutd butd `bit. ^ij swuec tdl wdllk ief dliflf sbjl jbrl. iwiy grbj tdl sbuef. B tdl stlre, Mbsy nbukf dlir tdl witlr ief list ief wlst. Kaky Jil dife‑t cbel tbb gir wdle ndunokaec be tdl rbnos iciae. Dl `at das ^ij skbwlf dlr. Vdl gbc wis stakk tdano kap tb gbrclt i`but tdl afli bg nryaec, tdle `ut tdl sbuef bg witlr be rbnos wis `ldaef tdlj. ‛Kbbos kaol siaf, ‛I nbjpiss ellfkl pbaets ebrtd.‚ A sdbukf‑vl kastlelf tb bkf Lf,‚ dl siaf tb Mbsy. ‛Jacdt jlie ebrtd.‚ ^ij icrllf, kbboaec it daj. ‛^b, wdlrl Mbsy glkt ie uelisy kbst gllkaec nriwk irbuef tdl `ino bg irl wl2‚ dl isolf, ief stirlf but aetb tdl gbc. das elno, ief ^ij siaf sdirpky= ‛Nrino but i siefwand, wbukf Mbsy siaf, ‛A dlirf ie bsprly must ebw.‚ ybu2‚ Dl klielf `ino iciaest tdl flno dbusaec is ag dl wise‑t ^ij ebfflf. ‛Jl, tbb. Ief tdit bsprly diecs irbuef @itlwbrralf it ikk. jie Klfcl. Ae sujjlr, ieydbw. @ut tdl tafl as gukk, ief wl Mbsy rlindlf aetb tdl faeelr piak ief pukklf but i kb`stlr wbukfe‑t rue betb tdit, sb tdit klfcl wl elirky gltndlf gltndlf up be siefwand ae i pkistan `ic. Vdly spkat at ief ndlwlf. Mbsy as prb`i`ky tdl sdbrlkael bg ^i`aeb. Vdit wbukf jiol tdit‖‚ tdbucdt at wis i `ac jbutdguk bg gbbf dl fafe‑t wiet must tdle. dl pbaetlf tbwirf tdl stlre bg tdl `bit ‛‖list. Klt‑s sll ybur ^ij pburlf i nup bg nbll aetb tdl kaf bg tdl tdlrjbs ief Nbjpiss jattles iciae.‚ dieflf at tb daj. Mbsy dlkf tdlj but, pbaetaec tdl taps tbwirf wdlrl tdly‑f Mbsy kbbolf it at. ‛A‑j i oaf.‚ nbjl grbj. Vdl sdael ae tdlj wis be tdl saflwiys kaels. M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNLSBPO
6>
‛Boiy. Xbaet tdlj tdit wiy.‚ Dl turelf Mbsy‑s jattles tb tdl klgt, ief tdl kacdts kaelf up klectdwasl be tdl jattles. ‛At‑s ebrtd. Vdly‑rl tlkkaec us ebrtd.‚ Dl kiucdlf, ief cueelf tdl lecael. ‛Ief ‛Ief wl ellf tb cb sbutd tb clt dbjl. Satdbut rueeaec betb @itljie Klfcl br tdl ^i`aeb sdbrl. ‛Qbu cb up be tdl `bw, stlre jie,‚ ^ij tbkf daj, ‛ief dbkf be. Ollp i kastle ief i kbbobut gbr rbnos, ae nisl wl‑rl tbb nkbsl ae. Vdl sdbrl `ukcls but elir dlrl. Klivl jl bel bg tdlj Nbjpiss jattles. Qbu tiol bel bg jael. Vdly‑rl tbb sjikk gbr jl iey wiys.‚ Vdl bsprly ndarplf iciae bvlrdlif is tdly `lcie nirlgukky nduccaec aetb `kaef gbc. Mbsy plrndlf be tdl `bw, klcs diecaec be latdlr safl, tryaec tb jiol das lyls nut tdrbucd tdl t dl gbc, tdrbucd tdl crlle`kino witlr `lkbw. Dl dlirf i ndiaesiw ebt gir iwiy, `ut gir lebucd iwiy. Vb tdl list, sbjlbel wis nuttaec trlls it ^i`aeb. I fbc `irolf. I ^i`aeb fbc. Dl ckienlf it das Nbjpiss jattle. At kbbolf kaol ie brfaeiry jattle iciae, ru``lf ief jittlf ief jbkflf t b
das dief. Vdle at ffanolrlf must i facdt ief wlet but. Dl sdavlrlf ae das riae clir ief tralf tb sll tdrbucd tdl gbc. Cbec, cbec! Vdl `uby b @lir Askief tb tdl sbutd sbutdlist. Vdly wlrl cbaec tdl racdt wiy. At slljlf i kbec tajl watd eb sbuef `ut tdl `lkk `uby ief tdl lecael. Vdle dl dlirf tdl cukks bvlr tb tdl sd prbnlssaec pkiet. Ief tdl nduc bg tdl clelritbr it tdl Anl Dir`br ^tbrl. Dl kbbolf `ino. ^ij wis craeeaec kaol i fbkpdae ief ffanolf daj i kattkl wivl watd Mbsy‑s jattle. Dl‑f cb tdieo Iuet Icels. Pacdt b. ^bbe‑s dl cbt das btdlr jattle `ino. ❗ Oeattaec wratlr Pb`ae Diesle wratls ndakfrle‑s ntabe is Pb`ae Kyee ^nbtt, dbebraec dlr gitdlr Kaesnbtt I. Dikk‑ Dikk‑ss nbetra`utabe tb dlr oebwklfcl bg wakfkagl ief i flsarl tdit at nbetaeul tb prbsplr be tdl pkielt . I @ B \ V V DL I \ V D B P .
Anl Dir`br Nbjpiss Jattles tb Oeat P B @ A E
A
Pb`ae Diesle‑s Nbjpiss jattles. Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
66
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
D I E ^ L E
e Jiael ief Ebvi ^nbtai, tdlrl rlikky as i trifatabe bg oeattaec sdraeoaec Gasdlrjle‑s jattles ief Nbjpiss jattles sund is Mbsy‑s, `ut tdly irle‑t ikwiys nikklf ‛Nbjpiss‚ jattles. Xlbpkl ae sbjl vakkicls nikk tdlj ‛Gbx ief Cllsl‚ ief rljlj`lr cijls pkiylf ae tdl sebw watd i narnkl nrbsslf `y kaels. ^bjl nikk tdlj ‛Eiucdts ief Nrbssls‚ ief tdaeo bg Van-Vin-Vbl. Btdlrs nikk tdlj ‛Gbx ief Cllsl ief Glenls,‚ ief oeat tdlj ae tdrll nbkbrs tb strlectdle i plrnlptabe bg gbxls pllraec tdrbucd i glenl ief cllsl rueeaec ae ffbnos `ldaef tdl glenl. Ae nbistik nbjjueatals wdlrl tdl flsace as nikklf ‛Nbjpiss,‚ oeattlrs ief vakkiclrs irl ifijiet= ‛A kaol tdlj `lniusl tdl kaels pbaet ebrtd ief sbutd ief list ief wlst,‚ tdly siy. As tdlrl i rlisbe gbr tdas2 As tdlrl jican ae tdl jat-
be tdl sdy flno is tdly wbro, ief dlitaec tdlj be tdl lecael jieagbkf‖tureaec tdlj tb ollp tdlj grbj snbrndaec. Kinoaec i gijaky sdlrjie, i kb`stlr `bit lecael, ief `iy witlr, ybu nie sdraeo wbbk jattles it dbjl. Vdrll gintbrs niusl (uetrlitlf) wbbk tb sdraeo= tdl sdbno bg i`rupt tljplriturl ndiecls (nbkf tb dbt, dbt tb nbkf), bak (sd skajl br sbip), ief icatitabe, wdltdlr be i wisd`b wisd`birf irf br ae i wisdaec jindael. ^ajpky `bakaec jattles ae i pbt bg witlr prb`i`ky wbe‑t sdraeo tdlj. Gukkaec `y dief jiy tiol up tb �� jaeutls bg dirf wbro `ut wakk prb`i`ky tiol klss. Qb Qbu u nie stirt watd tdl wisdlr, prlglri`ky watd i gukk kbif bg nkbtdls, ief `rusd tdl jattles igtlrwirf? at wakk `l lisalr, `ut ybu jiy lef up watd i klss eippy, klss kusnabus jattle. Vdlrl irl jiey sund triflbs ae kagl. Nbjpiss Nbjpi ss jattles jifl ae Ebrtd Ijlrani irl trifatabeikky `kino br eivy ief wdatl. Ag ybu oeat tdlj ae nbkbrs btdlr tdie pkiae sdllp‑s `kino ief wdatl, A cuirietll tdit tdly wakk ebt `lcae tb ckbw ief pbaet ebrtd ae i gbc.
Fltiak Pb`ae Diesle‑s Nbjpiss jattles. Xdbtbcripd `y Mbl Nbni.
tles2 ^aenl Mbsy, Anl Dir`br, ief Iuet Icels irl ntatabus, wl wakk elvlr oebw. Vdlrl as btdlr jican ae tdlsl jattles tdit rlik plbpkl wdb wlir tdlj wakk tlkk ybu i`but= Sdle at‑s tajl tb aenrlisl it tdl tduj`, ikk sax statndls bg i pittlre lkljlet irl put be it benl. Ae bel rbuef, tdlrl as bel lkljlet? ae tdl elxt, tdlrl irl twb. Kbbo gbr tdas it tdl `isl bg tdl tduj`. Ief wdle at‑s tajl tb eirrbw fbwe it tdl lef bg tdl eclrs, pittlre lkljlets fasipplir ae i saeckl rbuef. Kaol jican. Dbw nie tdit `l2 Oeat tdlj ief ef but! Vdly irl oeattlf `ac‖i jie‑s jattle jiy `l �� aendls (��.� nj) kbec‖`ut `y tdl tajl tdly‑vl `lle ae usl gbr i fiy br twb, tdly irl gukklf ief sdrueo ief ‛jbkflf tb ybur diefs.‚ Jiael sdlrjle sdraeo tdlar jattles be `birf tdlar `bits, wlttaec tdlj ae tdl lecael‑s nbbkaec witlr, wikoaec be tdlj
Jitlraiks Vdl sijpkls wlrl jifl ae @irtklttyires �-pky Gasdlrjie ���% wbbk yire ae @kul Kbnd (JN) ief Eiturik (NN)? @irtklttyires �-pky Gasdlrjie Gasdlrjie bgtle as uslf ae Jiael gbr jattles flsacelf tb sdraeo? btdlr wbrstlf-wlacdt wbbk yires wakk wbro? ae Nieifi, @raccs & Kattkl �-pky jlfauj wlacdt (watd eb eykbe) br JinIuskief‑s �/��? ^uplrwisd trlitlf wbbks ief syetdltans fb ebt sdraeo sdraeo ief nieebt `l uslf gbr tdlsl jattles Ellfkls, slt bg � fbu`kl-pbaetlf, sazl 4 (� jj), br sazl ellflf tb b`tiae ciucl Viplstry Vi plstry ellfkl �� aendls (��.� nj) bg wistl yire tb usl is i dbkflr ^uppkals gbr gukkaec= � kircl fasdpies, � tb > cikkbes (�.7 tb ��.� k) bg `bakaec ief nbkf (tip) witlr, wisd`birf br glktaec `birf, sta `rusd, Jurpdy's Bak ^bip br btdlr eiturik sbip, piplr kircl lebucd tb trinl irbuef tdl jattles, plrjielet jirolr
^azls ief Qire Plquarljlets= ^ll tdl `bx `lkbw.
^azls
Ndakf‑s 7„4
Ifukt Jlfauj
Ifukt Kircl
Dief Klectd Narnujglrlenl, aenkufaec tap bg tduj`
�º " (��.� nj) �" (��.4 nj)
�" (��.4 nj) �º" (��.� nj)
4º" (��.7 nj) ��" (��.� nj)
Jattle, `lgbrl sdraeoaec Klectd bg jattle dief Jattle tduj` klectd (⅞ dief klectd) Jattle Saftd
�º" (��.� nj) �º" (7.� nj) �" (��.� nj)
�⅛" (��.4 nj) �⅟" (�.� nj) �" (��.� nj)
��»" (�4.7 nj) �µ" (�.� nj) �º" (��.� nj)
Jattle, igtlr sdraeoaec Klectd bg jattle dief 7" (��.� nj) �º" (��.� nj) �" (��.� nj) Jattle tduj` klectd �" (�.� nj) �º" (7.� nj) �" (�.7 nj) Jattle waftd � (��.� nj) �µ" (��.� nj) �»" (��.� nj) sdraeoicl cl klectdwasl ief i`but 7 plrnlet waftdwasl Ebtl= Lxplnt i`but �� plrnlet sdraeoi Qire Plquarljl Plquarljlets ets Firo nbkbr Kacdt nbkbr
Ndakf‑s 7„4 � bz (�7.� c) �º bz (��.� c)
Ifukt Jlfauj �º bz (��.� c) � bz (�7.� c)
Ifukt Kircl � bz (4�.� c) �º bz (��.� c)
M IE\IPQ/G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNLSBPO
6<
Ciucl= @lgbrl sdraeoaec, �� sts ief �� refs : � aendls (�.� nj) ae Nbjpiss pitt? igtlr sdraeoaec, ��º sts ief �� refs : � aendls (�.� nj) ae Nbjpiss pitt ^ll picl �� gbr I``rlvaitabes Aestruntabes Ebtls= Vdas jattle as oeat kircl ief ritdlr kbbslky, ief just `l sdrueo `lgbrl wliraec. At nie `l wbre fijp‖fap ae witlr ief wraec but‖br fry, ief as elirky witlrtacdt gbr i glw slnbefs ae witlr. Xittlre ebtls= Sdle oeattaec pittlre, nirry JN `lkbw NN. Ndiecaec tb JN, pano at up grbj ueflr ief ae grbet bg NN. Ndiecaec tb NN, `raec NN i`bvl ief grbj `ldaef JN. Nbetaeletik oeattlrs= nirry `btd nbkbrs be tdl aeflx eclr, JN tb tdl klgt bg NN. Vwb-dieflf oeattlrs= nirry JN ae klgt dief, NN ae racdt. Vdas ollps tdl gi`ran sjbbtd ief lvle ief dlrl ljpdisazls tdl kaels bg tdl nbjpiss. Olyy Ol
< > 9
JN NN pitt rlp
Ndirt jiy `l pdbtbnbpalf gbr plrsbeik usl.
Nu Satd JN ief usaec tdl Jiael jltdbf (sll tdl Vlndeaquls safl`ir be picl ��), NB �� (�7, ��) sts. Fastra`utl sts is gbkkbws= Ellfkl #�, � (��, ��) sts? Ellfkl #�, �� (��, ��) sts? Ellfkl #�, �� (��, ��) sts. @laec nirlguk ebt tb twast tdl sts, mbae aetb i traieckl. Sbro ae o�, p� ra` uetak nu jlisurls � (�, �) aendls (�.7 _��.�, ��.�Z nj). Dief ief Vduj` Cbrl Ndiecl tb ^t st. Elxt ref= _O�, J�, o�Z � (��, ��) tajls, o tb kist 7 sts, mbae NN `y o bvlr ief ueflr NN be `ino bg wbro wdakl o7 JN‖�� (�4, ��) sts. Sbro Pbws �„7 bg Nbjpiss ndirt inrbss ikk sts. It `lc bg elxt ref, wbro (jicanik) 7-st aen tb nrlitl twb `kbnos bg pitt i`bvl bel `kbno is gbkk= o� JN, (o� JN, o� NN) aetb � st, yb watd NN, (o� NN, o� JN) aetb � st, o� JN, (o� JN, o� NN) aetb � st, yb watd NN, (o� NN, o� JN) aetb � st, wbro Pbw � bg ndirt tb lef bg ref‖�4 (��, 7�) sts. Sbro rlj � refs bg pitt rlp lvle. Sbro 7-st aen ref � (�, �) jbrl tajl, nletlraec at i`bvl tdl rst aen. ^tirt watd ^t � bg tdl ndirt‖tdl nletlr NN st bg tdl rlp‖o� NN, (o� NN, o� JN) aetb �st st, yb watd JN, (o� JN, o� NN) aetb � st, O� NN, (o� NN, o� JN) aetb �st st, yb watd JN, (o� JN, o� NN) aetb � st‖�4 (��, 77) sts. Sbro lvle ae pitt uetak tduj` cbrl jlisurls �º (�⅟, �µ) aendls (7.� _�.�, �.�Z nj), lefaec watd iey rbw bg ndirt lxnlpt Pbw �. Ae iey `ut tdl sbkaf nbkbr ref, tiol b tduj` sts= Sbro � (�, �) st(s) ae pitt, tdrlif elxt �� (��, ��) sts betb wistl yire. \saec twastlf J� (sll Vlndeaquls safl`ir be picl ��), NB � (�, �) sts ae pitt i`bvl dlkf sts, wbro ae pitt tb lef bg ref‖�� (�4, 67
XALNLSBPO
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
7�) sts rlj. Sbro lvle ae pitt uetak wbro i`bvl nu jlisurls �º (�⅛, �») aendls (��.� _�4.�, ��.�Z nj). Vdas ikkbws i`but i`but � aendls (� nj) gbr nkbsaec tdl jattle tap ae ikk sazls. ^dipl Vap bg Dief Ae pitt, wbro (jican) flnrlisls= _o�tbcZ 7 tajls i`bvl � `kbnos bg pitt be � ellfkl (� ellfkls, � ellfkls)‖�7 (�7, ��) sts rlj. Sbro rlj � refs bg pitt `ief lvle. Elxt ref= Ae pitt, _o�tbcZ 7 tajls be ikk � ellfkls, jiaetiaeaec sijl JN vlrtanik kaels‖�4 (�4, ��) sts rlj. Sbro Sb ro � ref lvle ae pitt. Elxt ref= *O�tbc JN, o� NN? rlp grbj * tb lef bg ref‖�� (��, �7) sts rlj. ^azl Ifukt Kircl beky= Elxt ref= *O� JN, o� NN? rlp grbj * tb lef bg ref. Elxt ref= *O�tbc JN, o� NN? rlp grbj * tb kist � sts, o�tbc JN‖�� sts rlj. Ikk sazls= @rlio yire, klivaec 7-aend (��.�-nj) tiaks. Satd tiplstry ellfkl, tdrlif bel tiak tdrbucd rlj sts ief friw up rjky. Vdrlif tdas tiak tdrbucd friwe-up sts iciae, tdle gistle b `btd tiaks be S^. Vduj` ^lnurl `btd wbroaec yires `y fireaec aetb S^, stirtaec it racdt nbrelr bg tduj` dbkl. Be � ellfkls, pano up �� (��, ��) dlkf tduj` cbrl sts. Be �rf ellfkl, pano up � (�, �) NB sts ief pano up ief twast � � (�, �) sts grbj lind lfcl bg tduj` dbkl‖�4 (��, �7) sts tbtik. Elxt ref= Jitndaec pitt tb tduj` cbrl, wbro �� (��, ��) sts, _ o�tbcZ � (�, �) tajl, wbro ae pitt tb kist � sts, _o�tbcZ � (�, �) tajl, wbro � (�, �) sts ae pitt‖�4 (��, ��) sts rlj. (Xitt jacdt ebt jitnd dief pitt be aesafl bg tduj`. At‑s boiy.) Sbro Sb ro lvle uetak tduj` jlisurls i`but � (�µ, �») aendls (� _�, 4Z nj), br » (º, º) aend (.7 _�, �Z nj) klss tdie flsarlf uegukklf klectd. ^dipl Vap bg Vduj` Elxt ref= *O�tbc JN, o� NN, o�tbc NN, o� JN? rlp grbj * tb lef bg ref‖�� (�7, �7) sts rlj. Elxt ref= *O� NN, o� JN? rlp grbj * tb lef bg ref. Ifukt sazls beky= Elxt ref= *O�tbc JN, o� NN? rlp grbj * tb kist st, o� JN‖�� sts rlj. Ikk sazls= @rlio yire, klivaec 7-aend (��.�-nj) tiaks. Satd tiplstry ellfkl, tdrlif bel tiak tdrbucd rlj sts ief friw up rjky. Vdrlif tdas tiak tdrbucd friwe-up sts iciae, tdle gistle b `btd tiaks be S^. Gaeasdaec Nkbsl iey dbkls it nbrelrs bg tdl tduj`dbkl usaec elir`y tiaks. Slivl ae kbbsl lefs be S^. Vraj lefs nkbslky. Vdas jattle jiy `l wbre be latdlr dief. Sdle `btd jattles irl nbjpkltlf ief easdlf, sdraeo tdlj innbrfaec tb tdl gukkaec farlntabes `lkbw uetak tdly sdraeo i`but �� plrnlet klectdwasl. Gukkaec Ebtls= Vdas prbnlss wbros wlkk butfbbrs, wdlrl witlr nie `l spkisdlf br pburlf betb tdl crbuef is ybu wbro. Btdlrwasl, fb at ae i kiuefry tu` br tdl oatndle saeo.
VLNDEAY\L^
Vwastlf Jiol Bel
Jiael Nist-Be wbroaec yire
^tlp 9
^tlp 9
^tlp 0
9. Srip tdl wbroaec yire irbuef ybur klgt tduj` grbj grbet tb `ino. Xbaet ybur tduj` upwirf. 0. Aeslrt ybur klgt aeflx eclr fbwe aetb tdl kbbp be ybur tduj` ief triesglr tdl kbbp betb ybur aeflx eclr. >. Vure ybur aeflx eclr iwiy grbj ybu, is ag pbaetaec i prltlef pastbk. Aeslrt tdl racdt ellfkl aetb tdl kbbp is ag at wlrl i statnd be i oeattaec ellfkl. ^kafl tdl kbbp bgg ybur aeflx eclr ief tacdtle at betb tdl racdt ellfkl.
^tlp >
tiak
^tlp 0
^tlp >
Nbjpkltlf nist-be ‖Vlxt ‖V lxt ief akkustritabes akkustritabes gbr `btd tlndeaquls lxnlrptlf watd plrjassabe grbj grbj Oeat Jattles `y Pb`ae Diesle (Ebrtd Ifijs, Jissindusltts= ^tbrly, 0880).
�. Dlit i kircl pbt bg witlr tb `bakaec. Xrlpirl twb kircl fasdpies, bel bg vlry nbkf witlr (tip witlr nie `l nbkf lebucd, `ut iff anl ag ybu wasd) ief bel bg dbt witlr (i jax bg `bakaec witlr ief tip witlr) is dbt is ybur diefs nie stief. Vdl dbt witlr wakk `l tdl wisd ief ru` witlr? tdl nbkf witlr wakk `l tdl raesl. �. @lgbrl ybu stirt, nirlgukky trinl irbuef tdl fry jattle watd tdl plrjielet jirolr be tdl palnl bg piplr. (Ivbaf clttaec jirolr be tdl jattle, bg nbursl.) Vdas wiy ybu nie ndlno tdl ijbuet bg sdraeoicl is ybu wbro ief stbp wdle at slljs racdt. �. Sbro `btd jattles bg i piar it tdl sijl tajl, iktlreitaec tdrbucdbut tdl prbnlss. Slt tdl jattles tdbrbucdky ae tdl dbt witlr, ippky sbip kivasdky, tdle snru` ief ru` lind be tdl wisd`birf, wisd`b irf, fappaec at grlquletky ae tdl dbt witlr. �. Igtlr i jaeutl br twb, pkuecl tdl jattle aetb nbkf witlr ief squllzl nbkf witlr tdrbucd at quanoky tb sdbno tdl wbbk `lrs. Clt tdl jattle nbkf tdrbucd ief tdrbucd.
9. Vb nist be i`but 98 statndls, stirt i`but 94 94 aendls grbj tdl lef bg tdl yire, dbkfaec tdl lef nkbslst tb tdl `ikk ae ybur racdt dief ief tdl sdbrt lef ae ybur klgt dief. Iendbr `btd, lefs fbwewirf, watd ybur klsslr eclrs. Vdle, snbbp ybur klgt tduj` bvlr, ueflr, ief up tbwirf ybu, nitndaec tdl yire be tdl `ino bg ybur tduj` (tdas cavls at i dikg twast). 0. ^kafl ybur aeflx eclr fbwe aetb tdl kbbp, ikbecsafl ybur tduj`, ief triesglr tdl kbbp tb ybur aeflx eclr, pbaetaec ybur eclr iwiy grbj ybu, kaol i prltlef pastbk (tdas cavls at iebtdlr dikg twast). >. Aeslrt tdl racdt ellfkl aetb tdl kbbp oeatwasl, is ag ybur aeflx eclr wlrl tdl klgt ellfkl. \sl tdl kbec lef bg yire tb oeat tdl kbbp bgg ybur eclr betb tdl ellfkl. Xukk up rjky,, rst watd ybur klgt rjky dief, tdle watd ybur racdt. ^lttkl tdl statnd nbjgbrti`ky `ut rjky be tdl ellfkl.
�. Plplit `ino ief gbrtd `ltwlle dbt, sbipy witlr ief nbkf raesl witlr. Vdl gi`ran wakk rlkix ae tdl dbt witlr ief pukk tbcltdlr ae tdl nbkf uetak tdl jattle suffleky cavls up, sdraeos, sdraeos, ief fblse‑t rlkix. Ollp rlgrlsdaec `btd `itds, ollpaec tdl dbt witlr vlry dbt ief tdl nbkf vlry nbkf. 7. Sdle tdl jattles divl sdrueo tb ybur sitasgintabe, raesl benl jbrl ae nklir nbkf witlr, tdle `rusd tdbrbucdky tbwirf tdl tap be `btd safls (ief bptabeikky, waftdwasl be tdl aesafl). Xut ae tdl wisdlr be ‛spae‚ (beky!), tdle `rusd iciae ief sprlif ae i wirj spbt tb fry. I @ B \ V V D L F L ^ A C E L P . Pb`ae Diesle bg Slst @itd, Jiael, as tdl iutdbr
bg slvlrik `bbos be trifatabeik oeattaec. Gbr jbrl trifatabeik ebrtd Itkietan jattles ief sbjl trul stbr als, sll dlr `bbos Givbratl Jattles (Nijfle, Jiael= Fbwe List, 088<) ief Oeat Jattles (Ebrtd Ifijs, Jissindusltts= ^tbrly, 0880). ^ll iksb Ikasbe Obklsir‑s Obklsir‑s suplr` tlndeanik friwaecs, sbjl sdbwe dl rl ae tdl Vlndeaquls safl`ir, ae Oeat Jattles.
M IE\IPQ/ G L@P\IPQ
0898
X ALNL S BPO
63
Grlfran ^tbel (klgt) is Mijy, Jandilk Kattac is Sakkaijs, Pbflrano Xllpkls is Gkulkkle, Frlw ^darkly is Cbwlr, @raie Wiucde is Oaec Dlery W, ief Aie Furriet is Jinjbrras ae tdl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik‑s 0881 prbfuntabe bg Dlery W . Ikk irl wliraec oeattlf ndiae jiak.
Oeattaec
g gbbr tdl ^ticl
LKA]I@LD NB@@L
Xdbtbcripd `y Oirk Ducd. Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg ief © \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik.
^ ^DIOL^XLIPL‑^ JIN@LVD friws friws tb ats vabklet nkbsl, intbrs nkif ae ndiae jiak dlivl swbrfs it bel iebtdlr ae i `ittkl br sunnlssabe tb tdl ^nbttasd tdrbel. Jin`ltd tiuets das ifvlrsiry= ‛@lbrl jy `bfy A tdrbw jy wirkaol sdalkf. Kiy be, Jinfu, ief fije‑f `l dl tdit �rst nrals, —Dbkf, lebucd!‑‚ Iey oeattlrs sattaec fbwe rbet irl ae br i trlit. Vbucd at jiy kbbo dlivy ief �lrnl rbj rbj tdl jlzzieael, nbstujl ndiae jiak as bel b tdl jbst nbjjbe lxijpkls b oeattaec ae nbetljpbriry sticl nbstujl flsace= Oeattaec nie sdbw up besticl ae nbstujl palnls riecaec rbj pkiae sbnos tb i caiet spaflr‑s wl`. Sdakl tdl nkbsl sndlfukls ief tacdt `ufclts b prblssabeik tdlitlr jlie tdit diefoeattaec as ebt ikwiys ie bptabe, tdl oeattaec nrig stakk prbvafls tdl aflik sbkutabe tb jiey ndikklecls b sticl nbstujl flsace.
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Ae tdl nisl b ndiae jiak, tdl afli b usaec oeattlf i`ran nijl is i wlknbjl iktlreitavl tb tdl usl b ‛rlik‚ ndiae jiak i`ranitlf rbj ikujaeuj br stllk kaeos. Ebt beky as jltik ndiae jiak fa nukt ief lxplesavl tb jiol, ji ol, at‑s at‑s suprljlky uenbjbrti`kl br ie intbr wdb just wlir at br dburs be lef ief raso aemuraec dajslk a dl ikks be das oells br ie lk`bw, lvle watd piffaec ueflr tdl jltik kaeos. Ief stllk jiak nie rust. @y tdl jaf-twletaltd nletury, oeattlf jiak ae virabus flsaces dif `lnbjl nbjjbe. Jitlraiks aenkuflf nbttbe br mutl nbrf, riybe ra``be, sdbl nbrfaec, ief ruc yire, lind b wdand dis friw`inos. ^bjl kino furi`akaty? btdlrs llk rbucd wdle wbre elxt tb tdl soae br rlsast piaetaec br fylaec. Mlrly Kalflr, nbstujl farlntbr it tdl t dl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik ief issbnaitl prblssbr ae tdl Flpirtjlet b
Vlitrl it tdl \eav \eavlrsaty lrsaty b Sasnbesae-Jakwiuoll, as ebt i oeattlr `ut dis nbkki`britlf watd oeattlrs ief nbstujl flsacelrs tb flvasl i waflky uslf tljpkitl br `uakfaec sticl ndiae jiak (sll tdl safl`ir `lkbw br tdl aestruntabes br i ndiae-jiak dbbf). Vl ‛yire‚ as i wdatl eykbe nbrf uslf ae jioaec �sdaec elts. Iglr tdl nbrf dis `lle solaelf ief fylf `kino, oeattlrs (wdb ae tdl pist divl `lle vbkuetllrs‖ijbec tdlj, Kalflr‑s Kalflr‑s jbtdlr) oeat tdl cirjlets is �it palnls, slwaec ae tdl lefs ief tdle statndaec bvlr tdlj tb slnurl tdl skapplry nbrf. Elxt, tdl oeattlf i`ran as trlitlf watd i tlxtakl ifdlsavl, ief Jykir bak as dlit-slt be tdl surinls. (Iktlreitavlky, tdl i`ran jiy
`l nbitlf watd i jltikkan piaet.) Vl i`ran tdle as slijlf aetb ats �eik brj watd tdl purk safl but. Ae sbjl nisls, tdl cirjlet as ittindlf tb i spieflx `isl br i nkbslr �t. At as tdl lxpbslf purk statndls tdit cavl tdl cirjlet tdl ipplirienl b ndiae jiak. ‛At‑s ebt iutdletan? at‑ at‑ss ebt rlik rli k ndiae jiak,‚ siys Kalflr. ‛Xurasts wbukfe‑t stief br at, `ut at suats bur purpbsls plrlntky.‚ Kalflr ief btdlrs divl klirelf rbj lxplralenl. Benl, dbpaec tb `ypiss tdl fylaec prbnlss, Kalflr‑ Kalflr‑ss sdbp brflrlf `kino eykbe nbrf, ebt rlikazaec tdit at dif `lle nbitlf watd tir tb dlkp jiaetiae tdl oebts ae �sdaec elts. ‛A slet tdl tirrlf nbrf tb tdl vbkuetllrs watdbut uewrippaec uewrippaec tdl
Grlfran ^tbel (`lkbw) is Mijy ae tdl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik‑s 0881 prbfuntabe prbfu ntabe bg Dlery W , sdbwaec fltiak bg tdl oeattlf ndiae jiak. Xdbtbcripd `y Oirk Ducd. Xdbtbcripd nburtlsy bg ief © \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik.
Ndiae-Jiak Dbbf„^dbrt Db bf„^dbrt Wlrsabe JILPAIK^
^azl 9< (98.8 jj) oeattaec ellfkls br sazl ellflf tb indalvl ciucl º pbuef (.0> oc)/0>8 gllt (38.9 j) #>7 twastlf eykbe nbrf, fylf `kino ^tatnd dbkflrs, > I@@PLWAIABE^
o„oeat p„purk pssb„piss skapplf statnd bvlr sk„skap rlp„rlplit st(s)„statnd(ls) tbc„tbcltdlr aen„aenrlisl fln„flnrlisl `b„`aef bgg Ciucl (tiole ae stbnoaelttl statnd)= 0º statndls : 9 aend (0.< nj)? > rbws : 9 aend (0.< nj)
Clelrik Aebrjitab Aebrjitabe e Xittlre as rlvlrsl stbnoaelttl st (purk bel rbw, oeat bel rbw, watd purk is racdt safl b cirjlet). Mbae elw nbrf it tdl lefs, ebt ae tdl jaffkl, b tdl rbw. Jlisurljletss sdbukf `l tiole wdakl surljlet cirjlet as kiyaec �it. Vlrl as i nletlr rbet slij. @lcaeeaec it kbwlr lfcl, kbbslky nist be 34 sts. Pbw 9= Xurk 9= Xurk (racdt safl). Pbw 0= Xurk. 0= Xurk. Pbw >= Xurk. >= Xurk. Nbwk ^dipaec Pbw 6= (O>, 6= (O>, o0tbc)*, rlp rbj * inrbss, lef o> (7> sts).
Pbws <, 3, 1, 99, 9>, 9<, 93, 91, 09, 0>, ief 0<= Xurk. 0<= Xurk. Pbws 7 ief 4= Oeat. 4= Oeat. Pbw 98= (O>, 98= (O>, o0tbc)*, rlp rbj * inrbss, lef o> (<9 sts). Pbws 90 ief 96= Oeat. 96= Oeat. Pbw 97= (O>, 97= (O>, o0tbc)*, rlp rbj * inrbss, lef o9 (67 sts). Pbws 94, 08, 00, 06, ief 07= Oeat. Pbw 03= X3, 03= X3, pkinl tdlsl 3 sts be dbkflr. X>0 ief klivl be ellfkl. Xkinl kist 3 sts be 0ef statnd dbkflr. Pbw 04= O>0 04= O>0 sts rbj ellfkl. Pbws 01, >9, >>, ><, >3, >1, ief 69= Xurk. 69= Xurk. Pbws >8, >0, >6, >7, >4, ief 68= Oeat. Dlif ^dipaec Pbw 60= 60= O08, sk 9, o9, pssb. ure. Ebtl= Ae Ebtl= Ae farlntabes `lkbw, * : pukk nbrf tacdtky wdakl skappaec statndls. Pbws 6>, 6<, 63, 61, <9, <>, <<, <3, <1, ief 79= ^k 79= ^k 9*, p1, p0tbc. ure. Pbws 66, 67, 64, <8, <0, <6, <7, <4, ief 78= ^k 78= ^k 9*, o1, sk 9, o9, pssb. ure. Pbw 70= ^k 70= ^k 9*, o1, sk 9, o9, pssb (99 sts rljiae). Nut nbrf, klivaec i >- tb 6-aend (3.7- tb 98.0-nj) tiak. al i oebt ae lef b nbrf. Xkinl tdlsl 99 sts be tdl >rf statnd dbkflr. Pbw 7>= Grbj 7>= Grbj racdt safl (purk safl), ittind nbrf ief p3 sts rbj 9st statnd dbkflr. Xano up ief p9> sts rbj aeasdlf
inl lfcl. X99 sts rbj elxt t dly wakk rivlk. ^tatnd tdl lefs statnd dbkflr. Xano up ief p9> b tdl nbrf aetb tdl palnl itlr sts rbj slnbef inl lfcl. X3 wlivaec tdlj ae pkinl tb prlsts rbj kist statnd dbkflr (<9 vlet vl et riv lk lkaec aec . I Itl tlrr wbr o di diss sts). `lle baklf ief slt, statnd tdl Pbw 76= Oeat. 76= Oeat. nletlr rbet slij `y `uttaec tdl Pbw 7<= Xurk. 7<= Xurk. lfcls b tdl slijs tbcltdlr ief Pbw 77= Kbbslky 77= Kbbslky `aef b rljiae- bvlrnistaec br zacziccaec tbcltdaec sts. lr `y jindael. Gaeasdaec ‖Aestruntabes nburtlsy bg Oebt lefs b nbrf, btdlrwasl Mlrly Kalflr Kalflr .
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Bracaeik rleflraec bg soltnd watd yire switnd gbr Xrbsplrb‑s ‛lvlryfiy rb`l‚ flsacelf `y Mielt K. ^wlesbe gbr tdl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik‑s 0889 088 9 prbfuntabe bg Vdl Vdl Vljplst. ^oltnd nburtlsy bg Mielt K. ^wlesbe.
KLGV VB PACDV= Jandilk Olvae is Xrbsplrb ief Jiry Fbksbe is Jariefi ae tdl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik‑s Glsta vik‑s 0889 prbfuntabe bg Vdl Vdl Vljplst. Xrbsplrb‑s ‛lvlryfiy rb`l‚ as oeattlf. Jandilk Olvae is Xrbsplrb ief Pindlk Ji`ly is Iralk ae tdl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik‑s 088 0889 9 prbfuntabe bg Vdl Vdl Vljplst. Xrbsplrb‑s rb`l dis i oeattlf nbkkir ief skllvl tbps? Iralk‑s klccaecs, vlst, ief `lkt irl oeattlf.
prlpinoiclf `ikks,‚ `ikks,‚ rlnikks Kalflr. Ka lflr. ‛Vly stirtlf oeattaec, ief lvlrytdaec stuno tbcltdlr. . . . Vl oeattlrs dif tb tdrbw but tdlar ellfkls.‚ ^aenl tdle, tdl nbjpiey purndisls beky wdatl nbrf wdle tdl sdbp ellfs elw oeattlf ndiae jiak. Ndiae jiak br i kircl nist pbsls tdl ndikklecl b prbfunaec jiey palnls b i sajakir stykl ritdlr tdie i saeckl cirjlet tdit beky bel intbr wakk wlir. Ae tdlsl nisls, tdl pirtanapitabe pirta napitabe b oeattlrs rbj tdl nbjjueaty nie crlitky dlkp tdl tdlitlr nbjpiey. Nirbk Nbk`ure, prblssbr b tdlitlr ae nbstujl flsace it tdl \eavlrsaty b Ebrtdlre Abwi, rlnikks rlnruataec slvlrik diefoeattlrs rbj tdl Nlfir Gikks nbjjueaty tb nrlitl i`but tdarty palnls b ndiae jiak br tdl ueavlrsaty‑s 914> prbfuntabe b Dlery AW, Xirt 9. 9. Vl vbkuetllrs oeattlf tdl palnls ae stbnoaelttl statnd but b wdatl eykbe nbrf, wdand tdly tdle fylf criy. @ut, siys Nbk`ure, ‛tdl �rst slt b eykbe dlifpalnls dif sdrueo ief wlrl ndakf-sazlf.‚ Vl oeattlrs wlet `ino tb wbro, tdas tajl usaec nbrf tdit ikrlify dif `lle fylf ief prlsdrueo, ief lvletuikky �kklf Nbk`ure‑s sdbp watd i suppky b ndiaejiak palnls tdit nbukf `l rluslf rlusl f ae uturl sdbws. Jbrl rlnletky, Nbk`ure rlnruatlf vbkuetllrs tb oeat slvlrik piars b criy oell-klectd sbnos br ndakf intbrs
Xdbtbcripds `y Mielt K. ^wlesbe.
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pbrtriyaec Eiza ybutds ae tdl \eavlrsaty b Ebrtdlre Abwi‑‑s 0889 Abwi 088 9 prljalrl prlja lrl b Mijls FlWati Fl Wati‑‑s Pbsl bg Vrlisbe. Vrlisbe . ‛Clttaec tdl nbjjueaty aevbkvlf as i cbbf tdaec,‚ Nbk`ure siys= vbkuetllrs dlkp pu`kanazl i sdbw, ief lekastaec i crbup b vbkuetllrs as bgle prllri`kl tb piyaec p iyaec ljpkbylls bvlrtajl br tioaec up dburs b stuflet wbrolrs‑ tajl. Xirsbes-Jlirls, Ktf., i Elw Qbro Naty nbstujl sdbp, nrlitls nbstujls br @rbifwiy sdbws, narnusls, ief btdlr kircl-snikl kavl plrbrjienls. Orastaie Oriia, wbrorbbj jieiclr br Xirsbes-Jlirls, flsnra`ls tdl ndikklecl b nbstujaec tdl caiet pacs ae ^drlo= Vdl Jusanik . ‛Satd tdl pacs, bel b tdlj dif i Giar Askl vlst tdit dif tb `l ae pac nbkbrs, ief tdl intbrs‑ `bfals wlrl pifflf tb `l kaol i <88-pbuef plrsbe, beky ae i `ac paeo pac suat sb dl nbukf stakk fb ikk tdl intavl int avl ndbrlbcripdy. ndbrlbcripdy.‚ Jirai Ganikbri Oeatwlir Ktf. rlnlavlf tdl nbetrint rbj Xirsbes-Jlirls Xirsbes-Jlirls tb oeat tdl vlst, flsacelf `y aj Ditkly tb `irlky nbvlr tdl pac‑s ducl `lkky. Bwelr Jirai Ganikbri ndirtlf tdl Giar Askl pittlre, ief bel b dlr lxplralenlf oeattlrs nbjpkltlf tdl vlst ae i`but i wllo. @ut urtdlr jlisurls wlrl ellflf tb jllt tdl fljiefs b tdl prbfuntabe. ‛Vl ^drlo ^drlo vlst vlst wis 988 plrnlet wbbk,‚ ebtls Ganikbri. ‛Sl iktlr ief rlaebrnl i swlitlr wdle tdl intbr ellfs tb jiol i quano ndiecl. Gbr tdl
^drlo vlst, tdl `uttbes wlrl slwe fbwe tdl pkinolt watd ^drlo vlst, seips ueflrelitd tb bple quanoky watdbut fijicl.‚ fijicl.‚ Iktdbucd Ditkly, tdl flsacelr, dif splnaanikky rlqulstlf wbbk yire, oeattaec nbstujls b wbbk as ueusuik ae Ganikbri‑s lxplralenl= Nbstujls irl wbre eacdt iglr eacdt ueflr dbt, `racdt kacdts. Intbrs plrsparl, ief tdl intbr pbrtriyaec tdl ^drlo pac iksb dif tb wlir i dlgy `bfysuat ueflr das wbbk vlst. Ndbrlbcripdy nie pkinl lxtri striaes be i oeattlf nbstujl. Pl`kbnoaec i wbbk swlitlr eacdt iglr eacdt as iffatabeik wbro br tdbsl wdb nirl br tdl nbstujls uslf ae i kircl-snikl prbfuntabe. ^bjltajls i flsace jiy rlquarl i ebvlkty yire tdit i oeattaec jindael nie‑t diefkl, ief tdle diefoeattaec as tdl beky bptabe. Iflkl Plnokals typanikky usls i oeattaec jindael br oeattaec nbstujls br sticl ief �kj, `ut wdle dlr jindael nbukfe‑t diefkl i uzzy ebvlkty yire, sdl leflf up diefoeattaec i slrals b aetirsai klc wirjlrs br tdl jusanik Nits Nits.. Lylkisd yire dacdkacdtlf nbstujls flsacelf `y @racdij Qbuec \eavlrsaty prblssbr b tdlitlr Mielt ^wlesbe br i \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik prbfuntabe b Vl ljplst . Vl ebvlkty yire prbvlf tb `l aflik br tdl nbjpiey‑s butfbbr sticl. ‛At wis i pkiy nletlrlf irbuef jicanik tdaecs, tdaecs,‚‚ ^wlesbe siys. ‛Vlrl‑ ‛ Vlrl‑s sbjltdaec i`but tdit lylkisd yire tdit fblse‑t dbkf stakk ae tdit `rllzl, `laec butfbbrs.‚ Ae stakk btdlr nisls, oeattaec jiy prbvl tdl beky jlies tb indalvl i flsace. Qvlttl Slskly wbros `inosticl it Ndanicb‑‑s Cbbfjie Vlitrl nklieaec ief jiaetiaeaec Ndanicb nbstujls, `ut be bnnisabe, sdl puts dlr oeattaec soakks tb usl nrlitaec bracaeik palnls. Gbr tdl tdlitlr‑s 0884 prbfuntabe b ure bg tdl Nletury `y Jirsdikk @ranojie ief Pano Lkanl, wdle eb stbrl-`bucdt lquaviklet lquaviklet nbukf `l buef, Slskly oeattlf ie letarl wbjie wbjie‑‑s nbit jbflklf be i jie‑s nbit suppkalf `y farlntbr bjjy uel. ^dl uslf tdrll yires dlkf tbcltdlr ief sazl 93 ellfkls
ae i sllf-statnd pittlre ief nbjpkltlf tdl nbit ae i`but tdrll wllos. Jbst oeattaec br tdl sticl just iffrlss tdl dirsd nbefatabes tdit sticl nbstujaec prlslets. Yuano ndiecls rlsukt ae mlroaec i palnl b nkbtdaec tdas wiy ief tdit ae tdl rusd tb jllt bel‑s nul. Kaol tdl seips tdit jiol tdl ^drlo pac‑s vlst pkinolt lisalr l isalr tb bple, btdlr tranos b tdl nbstujlr‑s trifl fbe‑t bgle ipplir ae isdabe-oeattaec pittlres. Gbr lxijpkl, wdle tdl 9138s-stykl vlst sdl jifl br Xkiyjiolrs Plplrtbry Nbjpiey‑s (Ndiplk Dakk, Ebrtd Nirbkaei) prbfuntabe b Kasi Orbe‑s Slkk leflf leflf up jassdiple it tdl lef b lind sdbw `lniusl b juktapkl quano ndiecls, nbstujl nrigs irtasie Pindlk Xbkkino tdrliflf »-aend (7-jj) lkistan tdrbucd tdl kbbps b tdl `ino b tdl vlst tb cavl at lxtri strunturl. Nbstujl flsace letiaks nrlitavlky jitndaec i ueaqul slt b fljiefs watd tdl racdt jitlraiks ief tlndeaquls. Sdlrl oeattaec as nbenlrelf, at nie aevbkvl nbj`aeaec i oeattlf i`ran watd btdlr jitlraiks, slloaec but ueusuik yires ief a`lrs, br flvasaec elw jltdbfs b cirjlet nbestruntabe. Walwaec oeattaec rbj tdl nbstujlr‑ nbstujlr‑ss plrsplntavl rlvliks isnaeitaec wiys b tdaeoaec butsafl tdl `bx i`but i ijakair nrig. ❗ I @ B \ D L I \DBP. Grllkienl mbureikast ief wratlr Lkazi`ltd Nb``l as i tdlitlr nratan ief irts wratlr gbr Vdl Iustae (Vlxis) Ndrbeankl.. Gbrjlrky issastiet lfatbr bg Frijitans jicizael, sdl Ndrbeankl klirelf tb oeat is i pu`kanitabes aetlre it Ijlranie Nbeslrvitbry Vdlitlr ae 0889 ief dise‑t put fbwe tdl ellfkls saenl . G \ P D L P P L I F A E C @ir tbe, Kuny @irtbe, Kun y. Dastbran Nbstujl gbr tdl ^ticl . 91><. Plpraet watd elw jitlraik ifflf. @bstbe= Siktlr D. @iolr, 9179. @rbnoltt, Bsnir C., watd Grieokae M. Dakfy. Dastbry bg tdl Vdlitrl . 1td lf. @bstbe= Ikkye ief @inbe, 088>. Kalflr, Mlggrly Mlggrly,, watd oeattaec pittlre s `y Jirtdi I. Jiroaec. ‛Ndiae Jiak Vlndeaquls grbj tdl \tid ^diolsplirlie Glstavik.‚ Vdlitrl Flsace & Vlndebkbcy Vlndebkbcy.. ^ujjlr 088>. Jirsdikk, Fbrbtdy, ief Fl`brid Klvae. ‛Oeattaec Ndiae Jiak.‚ Vdlitrl Nrigts Jicizael . Ebvlj`lr/Flnlj`lr 9149.
I@@PLWAIABE^ `lc‖`lcae(s)? `lcaeeaec @B‖`aef bgg NN‖nbetristaec nbkbr nd‖ndiae nar‖narnukir ne‖ni`kl ellfkl NB‖nist be nbet‖nbetaeul(s)? nbetaeuaec fln(s) (‑f)‖flnrlisl(s)? flnrlislf? flnrlisaec fn‖fbu`kl nrbndlt fpe‖fbu`kl-pbaetlf ellfkl(s) gbkk‖gbkkbw(s)? gbkkbwaec dfn‖dikg-fbu`kl nrbndlt aen(s) (‑f)‖aenrlisl(s)? aenrlislf? aenrlisaec o‖oeat o9g&`‖oeat aetb tdl grbet ief `ino bg tdl sijl statnd‖9 statnd aenrlislf
o0tbc‖oeat 0 statndls tbcltdlr o>tbc‖oeat > statndls tbcltdlr otbc‖purk > statndls tbcltdlr p3tbc‖purk 3 statndls tbcltdlr pitt‖pittlre(s) pj‖pkinl jirolr prlv‖prlvabus pssb‖piss skapplf statnd bvlr pwasl‖purkwasl? pwasl‖purk wasl? is ag tb purk
rlj‖rljiae(s)? rljiaeaec rlp(s)‖rlplit(s)? rlplitaec ref(s)‖rbuef(s) P^‖racdt safl sn‖saeckl nrbndlt sn0tbc‖aeslrt dbbo ae elxt statnd, yire bvlr, pukk kbbp tdrbucd statnd (0 kbbps be dbbo)? aeslrt dbbo ae elxt statnd, yire bvlr, pukk kbbp tdrbucd statnd (> kbbps be dbbo)? yire bvlr ief friw yire tdrbucd ikk > kbbps be dbbo? nbjpkltlf sn0tbc‖9 statnd flnrlislf so‖soap sk‖skap sk st‖skap(plf) statnd sp(s)‖spinl(s) sso‖skap 9 oeatwasl, skap 9 oeatwasl, oeat 0 skapplf statndls tbcltdlr tdrbucd
`ino kbbps (flnrlisl) ssp‖ skap 9 oeatwasl, skap 9 oeatwasl, purk 0 skapplf statndls tbcltdlr tdrbucd `ino kbbps (flnrlisl) st(s)‖statnd(ls) ^t st‖stbnoaelttl statnd t`k‖tdrbucd t`k‖tdrb ucd `ino kbbp tbc‖tbcltdlr tr‖trl`kl nrbndlt S^‖wrbec safl wy`‖watd yire ae `ino wyg‖watd yire ae g rbet yb‖yire bvlr *‖rlplit stirtaec pbaet ( )‖iktlreitl jlisurljlets ief/br aestruntabes _ Z‖wbro `rinoltlf aestruntabes i splnalf euj`lr euj`lr bg tajls
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Viol Qbur Qbur Oeattaec Ellfkls be i Mburely tb t b ^butd Ijlrani
@raec Ienalet Aenie Vlxtakls Vlxtakls tb tdl VwletyVwlety-rst Nletury!
Aeni Oeats
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M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
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M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
XALNLSBPO
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^DBX BE VDL SL@ ELS QBPO
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M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
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Xrljalr Nkissalfs
0898 Oeattaec Nruasls NrigtNruasls℠ nlkl`raty kael up bg aestruntbrs wakk aenkufl NrigtNruasls℠ sund jistlr oeattlrs is @ltd @rbwe-Plaeslk, Fbeei Frundueis, Kaky Ndae, ^ikky Jlkvakkl, Kuny Elit`y, Ndrassal Fiy, Ndras @yksji ief Klskyl ^bkbjbe ijbec jiey jbrl.
dief fylf yires aesparlf `y eiturl
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Cagt Nlrtanitls Iviaki`kl
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DBSL^ ELLFKLSBPO Gbr tdl Gaelst ae
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XB @bx 671983 Lsnbefafb, NI 10867-1983 M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
XALNLSBPO
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ueaqul suppkals. Nbkbr jitndaec, `lif sijpkl nirfs, wdbklsikl‖kbw jaeajujs, rltiak‖eb jaeajujs. 78-picl nitikbc $6. @lifnits, XB @bx 0468, Saksbevakkl, BP 13838-0468. (<8>) 70<-0>0>? aegbH`lifnits.nbj? www.`li www.`lifnits fnits .nbj.
irbuef tdl wbrkf‖sako, vlkvlt, gael nbttbe, ief wbbk. Gi`ukbus sdiwks ief `uttbes. ^ako nrizyquakt pinolt $0<, aenkufaec pbsticl. I vaeticlaesparlf sdbp. Flklnti`kl Jbuetiae Nkbtd, 90< Jiae ^t., @rittkl`b rb, WV. WV. (480) 0<3-66<7? www .flklnti`kljbuetiae.nbj.
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ellfklwbro `bbos. Aegbrjitabe gbr grll nitikbcs ief elwsklttlr. elwsklttl r. Putd Olre @bbos, XB @bx ><>77, Xdbleax, I] 4<871. (488) 601-<83H jaefspraec.nbj? gix (780) 166-93<>? www.rutd olre`bbos.nbj. Grll `bbo slirndls.
statnd, nrlwlk, dirfieclr, pukklf tdrlifs, lj`rbaflry, ief ellfklpbaet prbmlnts. www.cdbststatnd lrs.nbj.
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lj`lkkasdjlets, tbbks, ief dbw-tb= `lifs, `uttbes, kinl, ra``bes, trajs, snrip-`ics, nikanbs, dbjlspue, sakos ief vlkvlt, gkbwlrs, ebtabes. Waeticl pittlres, wikkpiplr, pdbtbs, pbstnirfs, ief lpdljlri. Yuakts, kaeles, vaeticl ief ietaqul nkbtdaec. Fbkk, `i`y, ief ndakfrle‑s nkbtdaec. www.vaeticliefietaqultlxtakls.nbj. www.vaeticliefietaqu ltlxtakls.nbj. <>4 Jiae ^t., ^tur`rafcl, JI. (488) 00<-1687.
JAEAIV\PL XLP^AIE P\C OAV^. Flsacelf `y
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bwelrs rlkbnitabe, Gl`ruiry/Jirnd 0898. ^ti`kl upsnikl nustbjlr `isl, crlit kbnitabe, cbbf nurrlet aevletbry. Kbnitlf ae ^butdlistlre \eatlf ^titls. L-jiak kbvltboeat09Hyidbb.nbj gbr jbrl fltiaks.
0898 VB\P^ gbr OEAVVLP^ ief GPALEF^. Jlj-
bri`kl trivlk saenl 9117. Sitnd Sitnd bur wl`satl gbr fltiaks bg elw ataelrirals tb Atiky ief wlstlre Nieifi. Fbe‑t jass but! www.mbynlmijlstburs.nbj. watd tdl lxplrts ae 0898! Vlxtakls, irts, jusan, glstaviks, ief nukturl= Jika ief @uroaei Gisb, @bkavai gbr nireavik! Xlru gbr oeattlrs/wlivlrs. ^ll www .`tsifvleturls.nbj gbr fltiaks. L-jiak Nyetdai KlNbuet ^ijiol it kinyetdaiHvbj.nbj? (383) 1>1-4436.
I F W L P V A ^ L P‑ P‑ ^ A E F L T
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Bx Xrbfunlrs Xrbfunlrs . . . . . . . . . . . <<
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<7
X ALNLSBPO
D\ECIPQ= VLTVAKL IPV^ IEF @LIF^, Iu-
cust/^lptlj`lr 0898= ‛Diefs-be‚ wbrosdbps watd vakkicl jistlrs. Nbkklnt jusluj-quikaty jusluj-quikaty palnls, lemby dbjl vasats ief gbbfs. Nrigt ief Gbko Irt Vrap bg Dueciry (Vlxtakls ief @lifs)= ^lptlj`lr 0898. Leaob Girois, 9<7 Nrlsnlet Xk., Atdini, EQ 964<8. (783) 03>-0931? lfg0Hnbrelkk .lfu? www.gbkosnlel.du. SL@^AVL^ VB WA^AV
ellf tb jiol kinl‖Lurbplie `b``aes, @ittle`lrc, ief Xraenlss tipls. Ietaqul ief wliri`kl kinl. Dbjl bg tdl Kinljioaec Narnkl fasnbuet nku` (Grll!). S B B K G L KV
^BGV 988% SBBK GLKV ae jiey wlacdts ief
sazls. @liutaguk Dbkkief Glkt ae 79 nbkbrs, Xrljauj Ikk Sbbk, @ij`bb, Xkiet-Fylf, br >jj Vdano. \sl nbfl XSGLKV gbr $< bgg. www.indakfs frlij.nbj. (488) ><1-0187.
VPIWLK
@LDAEF VDL ^NLEL^ IFWLEV\PL^= Vrivlk XPBGAVI@KL QIPE ^VBPL GBP ^IKL= ful tb
Aefai, @dutie, Cuitljiki, Ndaipis (Jlxanb), Lnuifbr, Jbrbnnb, Ndrastjis ae tdl Nirpitdaies. ^jikk, plrsbeikazlf crbups. Nrigt Sbrkf Vburs, 7337XS Sir`bys, @yrbe, EQ 96600. (<4<) <640773? www.nrigtwbrkft www.nrigtwbrkftburs.nbj. burs.nbj.
SSS.KINLJIOAEC.NBJ prbvafls ikk ybu VLTVAKL^
EIV\PIKKQ FQLF ^AKO^, wakf sakos, Idaj-
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Slstjaestlr Ga`lrs . . . . . . . . . 6
Ga`lr Cbbfs . . . . . . . . . . . . << Sbbky Slst. Slst. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <>
XALNLSBPOJICI]AEL.NBJ
\.^. Xbstik ^lrvanl ^titljlet bg Bwelrsdap, Jieicljlet & Narnukitabe. 9. Xu`kanitabe Vatkl= XalnlSbro 0. Xu`kanitabe Eb= 899393. >. Fitl bg Gakaec= 1->8-81. 6. Assul Grlquleny= @ajbetdky <. Eb. bg Assuls Xu`kasdlf Ieeuikky= 7. 7. Ieeuik ^u`snraptabe Xranl= $01.1< 3. Nbjpkltl Jiakaec Iffrlss bg Oebwe Bgnl bg Xu`kanitabe= 089 L. 6td ^trllt, Kbvlkief, Kirajlr, NB 48<>3-<7<<. Nbetint Xlrsbe= Eieny ^akgvle? Vlklpdbel (138) 337-9638. 4. Nbjpkltl Iffrlss bg Dlifquirtlrs br Clelrik @us aelss Bgnl bg tdl Xu`kasdlr= ^ijl is i`bvl. 1. Gukk Eijls ief Nbjpkltl Jiakaec Iffrlssls bg Xu`kasdlr, Lfatbr= Xu`kasdlr= Mbde @bktbe, 089 L. 6td ^trllt, Kbvlkief, NB 48<>3? Lfatbr= Mliel Dutndaes, 089 L. 6td ^trllt, Kbvlkief, NB 48<>3? 98. Bwelr(s)= Isparl Jlfai Bplritabes, KKN., 9>< ^. Ki^ikkl ^t. ^uatl >488, Ndanicb, AK 7878>-69>9. 99. Ebel. 90. E/I. 9>. Xu`kanitabe Vatkl= XalnlSbro 96. Assul Fitl gbr Narnukitabe Fiti @lkbw= ^lpt/Bnt 0881. 9<. Lxtlet ief Eiturl bg Narnukitabe (ae tdl gbkkbwaec tdl rst euj`lr rlprlslets tdl hhIvlricl Eb. Nbpals Nbpals Lind Assul Furaec Furaec Xrlnlfaec Xrlnlfaec 90 Jbetds‑‑ ief tdl slnbef euj`lr rlprlslets tdl hhIntuik Eb. Nbpals bg ^aeckl Assul Xu`kasdlf Elirlst tb Gakaec F itl‑‑ itl‑‑)= )= I. VBVIK EB. BG NBXAL^= 9. 01,13>/>0,086. @. XIAF NAPN\KIVABE (@Q JIAK IEF B\V^AFL VDL JIAK)= 9. Xiaf Jiak ^u`snraptabes Butsafl-Nbuety= 97,>87/97,<07. 0. Xiaf Jiak ^u`snraptabes Aesafl-Nbuety= 8/8 >. Xiaf fastra`utabe butsafl tdl jiak aenkufaec sikls tdrbucd fliklrs ief nirralrs, strllt vlefbrs, nbuetlr sikls ief btdlr ebe-\^X^ fastra`utabe= 7,061/7,7>1. 6. Xiaf Fastra`utabe `y Btdlr Nkissls Jiaklf Vdrbucd tdl \^X^= 8/8. N. VBVIK XIAF F A^VPA@\VABE = 00,<<,97<. 00,<<, 97<. F. GPLL FA^VPA@\VABE @Q JIAK IEF B\V^AFL VDL JIAK)= 9. Grll butsafl-nbuety nbpals= 993/908. 0. Grll AeNbuety Nbpals= 8/8. >. Grll Nbpals Jiaklf it Btdlr Nkissls tdrbucd tdl \^X^= 97>/99<. 6. Grll Fastra`utabe Butsa fl tdl Jiak= 8/8. L. VBVIK GPLL FA^VPA@\VABE= 048/0><. G. VBVIK FA^VPA@\VABE= 00,4>,688. C. NBXAL^ EBV FA^VPA@\VLF= 3,9>4/4,486. D. VBVIK= 01,13>/>0,086. A. XLPNLEV XIAF= 14.4%/11.8%. 97. Xu`kanitabe bg ^titljlet bg Bwelrsdap. Xu`kanitabe rlquarlf. Sakk `l praetlf ae tdl Mie/Gl` 0898 assul bg tdas pu`kanitabe. 93. ^aceiturl ief Vatkl bg Lfatbr, Xu`kasdlr, @usaelss Jieiclr, br Bwelr= Mbde @bktbe, Xu`kasdlr. 1/01/81. 1/01/81. A nlrtagy tdit ikk aegbrjitabe gureasdlf be tdas gbrj as trul ief nbjpkltl. A ueflrstief tdit ieybel wdb gureasdls giksl br jasklifaec aegbrjitabe be tdas gbrj br wdb bjats jitlraik br aegbrjitabe rlqulstlf be tdl gbrj jiy `l su` mlnt tb nrajaeik sientabes (aenkufaec els ief ajprasbejlet) ajprasbejlet) ief/ br navak sientabes (aenkufaec navak pleiktals).
Plif Sitnd Nkano ^dbp Jicizaels
Oeats „ lenburicls nrlitavaty ief lxplrtasl, nbvlraec oeattaec ae flptd watd sbpdastanitlf prbmlnts ief aegbrjitavl irtankls gbr ikk soakk klvlks
Xalnlwbro „ gbr tdbsl watd i p issabe gbr dastbranik wbro‖oeattaec, nrbndlt, ellfklwbro‖ief aetracuaec stbrals ief tlndeaquls lvlrytdaec i`but jioaec yire `y dief, ^pae.bgg „ gliturls lvlrytdaec
ae-flptd `lr aegbrjitabe, ief `isan-tb-lxplralenlf prbmlnts ief tlndeaquls
Nrbndlt „ gliturls bracaeik nrbndlt pittlres gbr ikk soakk klvlks, taps ief tlndeaquls, ief aesparaec `lr stbrals
Diefwbvle „ tdl cb-tb sburnl gbr wlivaec, suppkals, pittlres, taps, ief tlndeaquls gbr diefwlivlrs
Oeatsnlel „ nbj`aels tdl kitlst trlefs watd tlndeaqul tb nrlitl lisy-tb-oeat pittlres tdit irl grlsd ief ueaqul
Oeats Dbkafiy Cagts „ ueaqul prbmlnts gbr ikk klvlks watd cagt aflis gbr lvlrybel be ybur dbkafiy kast
Vlklvasabe
@bbos
Eujlrbus `lr tatkls bgglr aesparitabe ief ae-flptd lxpkbritabes aetb pbpukir tbpans ief tlndeaquls.
Bekael Oeattaec Fiaky rlindls but tb `lr nrigtlrs lvlry wllofiy watd lecicaec nbkujes, gue nbetlsts, grll fbwekbifi`kl pittlres, culst `kbcclrs, ief jbrl. Kbc betb OeattaecFiaky.nbj tbfiy tb ndlno but wdit‑s cbaec be, `uy pittlres, rlcastlr gbr lvlets, ief `l i pirt bg i crbwaec bekael `lr nbjjueaty.
Clt stirtlf watd tdl wbrkf‑s jbst `liutaguk `lrs, yires, ief tbbks? jllt trlefslttaec flsacelrs? ajprbvl br klire elw soakks? ief oeat ikbec watd us. Oeattaec Fiaky VW nbvlrs nbvlrs oeattaec, nrbndlt, statndaec, glktaec, spaeeaec, ief btdlr `lr nrigts. Jiol tajl gbr yire lvlry fiy! Ndlno but ybur kbnik kastaecs br brflr Oeattaec Fiaky VW be FWF.
aetlrwlivlstbrl.nbj M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
XALNLSBPO
>
Gaeni ® ® Jbukaeá Lj`rbaflry Gkbss Nbjpirl tb Ndiae ^tbrl `riefs
988% kbec stipkl Lcyptaie Nbttbe >09 Jlrnlrazlf @klindgist Nbkbrs gbr tdl `lst rlsukts
XB @bx 0681, Flpt XS - Lvlrcrlle, NB 486>3
www.prlslenaiusi.nbj
Xrlslenai/Gaeni `riefs irl ebt sbkf ae ndiae stbrls. Xklisl Xklisl gaef us it ybur kbnik Ellfklwbro br Yuakt ^dbp. Xut tdl `lst quikaty `ino aetb ybur wbro! M I E \ I P Q / G L @ P \ I P Q
0898
XALNLSBPO
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