PhysicsElectric Fair Teacher's Guide

?884

Ncmkab Vesab bnf tde bnf

B i u n b n f efulbtcknba reskurle ikr gcffae sldkka labssrkkgs!

Fcstrcoutef oy tde Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety www.bps.krj

O y _ e o e l l b V d k g p s k n - I a b j j , L d r c s t k p d e r F c \ l e n z b , @ us t c n _ e e f e r b n f M e r r y J . @ k d n s k n Fescjn bnf caaustrbtckns oy Merry J. @kdnskn

XdysclsRuest0 Bn Kvervcew XdysclsRuest cs b set ki ikur bltcvctces fescjnef tk enjbje stufents cn slcentcl cnqucry.. Vde ?884-?883 bltcvctces bre acnmef tkjetder vcb b stkryacne bnf lkgcl okkm cnqucry tdbt ikaakw Ncmkab Vesab Vesab irkg dcs dkge cn Lrkbtcb tk dcs cnterbltckns wctd Vdkgbs Bavb Efcskn bnf nbaay tk dcs wcnncnj tde rcjdt tk acjdt tde Zkraf–s Lkaugocbn Expksctckn cn Ldclbjk cn 243<. Ct wbs bt tdcs pkcnt tdbt baternbtcnj lurrent (BL) pkwer oebt Efcskn–s Efcskn–s fcrelt pkwer (FL) pkwer cn tde jrebt jrebt ‑Zbr ‑Zbr ki tde Lurrents.‗ XdysclsRuest cs fescjnef wctd excocacty cn gcnf “ ct lbn oe fkne cn kne lkntcnukus sessckn kr spact up kver b nugoer ki weems. Vde bltcvctces lbn oe lknfultef cn tde labssrkkg kr bs bn extrb lrefct kr slcenle lauo bltcvcty. Vde ldbaaenjes lbn oe lkgpaetef cn bny krfer, out tk jet tde lkrrelt nba resuat baa ki tde ldbaaenjes gust oe lkgpaetef lkrreltay. lkrreltay.

Vde XdysclsRuest Lkgpetctckn BX\ spknskrs bn kptcknba Xdyscls Ruest lkgpetctckn fescjnef tk enlkurbje stufents tk cnvest cn tde prkèlt. Ci yku ldkse tk pbrtclcpbte cn tde lkgpetctckn, ykur labss gust lkgpaete tde ikur bltcvctces bnf yku gust suogct tdecr bnswers knacne oy Gby 4, ?883. Baa labsses tdbt suogct bnswers knacne wcaa relecve b lertclbte ki lkgpaetckn bnf tdkse tdbt lkgpaete tde bltcvctces lkrreltay wcaa oe enteref cntk b prcze frbwcnj. Fetbcas kn tde prczes wcaa oe pkstef kn tde XdysclsRuest weo scte bs tdey oelkge bvbcaboae. Vde knacne resuats suogcssckn ikrg requcres tde bnswers tk baa ki tde questckns kn tde Icnba _epkrt. Ebld step gust oe lkrrelt cn krfer ikr labsses tk qubaciy ikr prczes. Ebld labss lbn knay suogct kne entry ikrg, sk labss fcslussckns ki resuats bre enlkurbjef. Bnswers lbn oe suogcttef knacne tdrkujd tde XdysclsRuest weo scte oejcnncnj @bnubry 5, ?883

Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety Kne Xdyscls Eaacpse • Lkaaeje Xbrm, GF ?8:68-<466 • www.bps.krj

Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety • @bnubry • @bnubry ?883

XDS\CL\ RUE\V ?8840 Ncmkab Vesab Vesab bnf tde Eaeltrcl Ibcr

?884

Ncmkab Vesab bnf tde Eaelt Eae ltrcl rcl Ibcr _esebrld bnf text oy _eoellb Vdkgpskn-Iabjj, Ldrcstkpder Fc\lenzb, @ustcn _eefer bnf Merry J. @kdnskn Efctkrcba _evcew Babn Ldkfks Brt fcreltckn bnf caaustrbtckns oy Merry J. @kdnskn

www.bps.krj

© ?883 BGE_CLBN XDS\CLBA \KLCEVS

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Vesab bnf tde Eaeltrcl Ibcr XDS\CL\ RUE\V ?8840 Ncmkab Vesab


Zealkge tk XdysclsRuest ?884 Dcstkry ki tde XdysclsRuest Xrkjrbg Bs pbrt ki tde Zkraf Sebr ki Xdyscls ?885 leaeorbtckn, tde Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety (BX\) prkfulef XdysclsRuest0 Vde \ebrld \eb rld ikr Baoert Baoe rt Ecnstecn–s Ecnstecn–s Dcffen Vr Vrebsure. ebsure. Fescjnef bs b reskurle ikr gcffae sldkka slcenle labssrkkgs bnf lauos, tde quest wbs relecvef entduscbstclbaay oy nebray 28,888 labsses furcnj tde lkurse ki ?885. Ieefoblm cnfclbtef tdbt tdcs bltcvcty get b neef wctdcn tde gcffae sldkka slcenle lkgguncty ikr iun bnf bllesscoae pdyscls gbtercba, sk tde Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety (BX\) dbs felcfef tk lkntcnue tdcs prkjrbg. BX\ cs paebsef tk present tdcs ikurtd mct, XdysclsRuest ?8840 Ncmkab Vesab Vesab bnf tde Eaeltrcl Lcty. Ebld XdysclsRuest mct ikaakws b gystery-obsef stkryacne bnf requcres stufents tk lkrreltay lkgpaete ikur bltcvctces cn krfer tk skave tde gystery bnf oe eacjcoae ikr b prcze frbwcnj. Ze dkpe tdcs jkba wcaa entcle stufents tk bltcveay pbrtclcpbte ‖ bnf tdbt knle stufents oejcn pbrtclcpbtcnj tdey nf tdbt pdyscls cs cnterestcnj bnf iun!

Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety (BX\) BX\ cs tde prkiesscknba sklcety ikr pdysclcsts cn tde Unctef \tbtes. BX\ wkrms tk bfvbnle bnf fcssegcnbte tde mnkwaefje ki pdyscls tdrkujd cts `kurnbas, geetcnjs, puoacl biibcrs eiikrts, bnf efulbtcknba prkjrbgs. Cnikrgbtckn bokut BX\ bnf cts servcles lbn oe ikunf bt www.bps.krj.

Xdyscls Lentrba BX\ bask runs XdysclsLentrba, b weo scte bcgef bt lkggunclbtcnj tde exlctegent bnf cgpkrtbnle ki pdyscls tk tde jenerba puoacl. Bt tdcs scte, www.pdysclslentrba.lkg, yku lbn nf kut bokut BX\ efulbtcknba prkjrbgs, lurrent pdyscls resebrld, pekpae cn pdyscls bnf gkre.

Merry J. @kdnskn / BX\



Vboae ki Lkntents Zealkge tk tk Xd XdysclsRuest ?8 ?884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? Bokut Ncmkab Vesab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Vde XdysclsRuest Ldbaaenje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Vesab–s Vkka Ldest Ctegs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 XdysclsRuest Gbtercbas Fetbcas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gbtercbas Acst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Bokut tde Lkgcl Okkm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lkgcl Okkm0 (Xbrt 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Bltcvcty 20 Fcsbppebrcnj Lrystbas Veblder–s Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 \tufent–s Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2:

Lkgcl Okkm0 (Xbrt ?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ??

Bltcvcty ?0 Fbnlcnj Lkgpbsses Veblder–s Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?6 \tufent–s Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?:

Lkgcl Okkm0 (Xbrt <). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <8

Bltcvcty <0 \dbme ct Up! Veblder–s Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bltcvcty 60 Gbjnet-pkweref Xcnwdeea Veblde eblder– r–ss Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 \tufent–s Jucfe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Lkgcl Okkm0 (Xbrt 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6:

Gbtercba \biety Fbtb \deet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Nbtc tck knba \l \lce cen nle Eful ulbbtc tck kn \t \tbn bnf fbrf rfss . . . . . . . . . . . 63

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Bokut Ncmkab Vesab O

krn cn 2459 cn \gca`bn Lrkbtcb ki \erocbn derctbje, Ncmkab Vesab wbs b true jencus. Bs b ldcaf, de wbs ibslcnbtef wctd pdyscls bnf gbtdegbtcls. Vdcs ibslcnbtckn trbnsikrgef cntk bn kosessckn wctd eaeltrclcty. De stufcef Eaeltrclba Enjcneercnj bt tde Bustrcbn Xkayteldncl cn Jrbz bnf tde Ldbraes Ierfcnbnf Uncverscty cn Xrbjue. Vden cn 2442, de wkrmef cn Oufbpest bnf Xbrcs kn tde new teaepdkne bnf eaeltrclba systegs. Bt tdbt tcge, baa eaeltrclba eaeltrc lba gktkrs were pkweref oy fcrelt lurrent (FL) wctd orusdes tdbt trbnsierref tde eaeltrclba lurrent tk tde rktbtcnj sdbit. Vdese prcgctcve gktkrs dbf gbny prkoaegs. Vde orusdes lrebtef ircltckn cn tde gktkr bnf FL wbs bn cneilcent gebns ki trbnspkrtcnj eaeltrclcty. Dkwever, Vesab lknlecvef ki b orusdaess gktkr tdbt usef baternbtcnj lurrent (BL). De wbs wbamcnj wctd b ircenf tdrkujd b pbrm wden tde lknlept ki tde rktbtcnj gbjnetcl eaf bsdef tdrkujd dcs gcnf. De stkppef bnf smetldef b fcbjrbg cn tde sbnf wctd b stclm wdcae expabcncnj tde prcnlcpae tk dcs ircenf. Vdcs vcsckn wbs tk aebf dcg tk gbny jrebt cnventckns bnf sulless abter cn dcs acie. Cn 2446, de brrcvef cn Bgerclb akkmcnj tk feveakp dcs cfebs wctd tde sullessiua cnventkr Vdkgbs Bavb Efcskn. Vesab Vesab dbnfef Efcskn b relkggenfbtckn relkggenfb tckn aetter irkg dcs ikrger supervcskr, Ldbraes Obtldeakr. Vde aetter sbcf0 ‑C mnkw twk jrebt gen bnf yku bre kne ki tdeg= tde ktder cs tdcs ykunj gbn.‗ Efcskn dcref Vesab cggefcbteay tk wkrm ikr dcs Efcskn Gbldcne Zkrms. Vesab gbfe scjnclbnt cgprkvegents tk Efcskn–s pkwer jenerbtkr fescjns. Dkwever, Vesab ikujdt wctd Efcskn kver tde use ki BL cn tde eaeltrclba systegs. Efcskn dbf cnvestef tkk guld tcge bnf gkney cntk dcs FL systeg. Vesab mnew tdbt BL wbs gkre eilcent bnf ct wkuaf baakw ikr gkre eaeltrclba cnnkvbtckn cn tde iuture. \wctldcnj tk Vesab–s BL systeg wkuaf oe tkk expenscve cn tde sdkrt terg bnf ct wkuaf bask lkst Efcskn dcs prcfe. Vesab aeit Efcskn–s wkrmsdkp tk wkrm ikr kne ki Efcskn–s rcvbas, Jekrje Zestcnjdkuse @r. Vdus oejbn b persknba bs weaa bs slcentcl slcent cl obttae oetween oetwee n Vesab Vesab bnf Efcskn kver Baternbtcnj Lurrent BL versus Fcrelt Lurrent FL. Vdcs lknclt wbs mnkwn bs tde ‑Zbr ki tde Lurrents.‗ Vde obttae quclmay sdcitef kntk tde pkactclba stbje. Ct cnvkavef puoacl events bnf fegknstrbtckns wctd tde gefcb. Efcskn wbs b sullessiua ouscnessgbn bnf b leaeorcty. De wkuaf puoaclay fegknstrbte tde dbrgiua eiielts ki BL kn acvestklm. Vk iurtder dcs pkactclba wbr, de bttegptef tk lkcn tde pdrbse ikr eaeltrklutckn bs ‑jettcnj Zestcnjdkusef‗. Vdese lruea fegknstrbtckns were cntenfef tk ircjdten tde puoacl bnf dbve sdcvers run fkwn tdecr spcne upkn debrcnj tde wkrfs ‑Baternbtcnj Lurrent.‗ Crknclbaay tkfby, Efcskn–s Fcrelt Lurrent cs jenerbaay lknscferef gkre fbnjerkus oelbuse eaeltrclcty lbn regbcn stkref aknj biter tde pkwer dbs oeen sdut kii. Vde Ldclbjk Zkraf–s Ibcr ki 243< wbs tde sygokacl enf tk tde ‑Zbr ki tde Lurrents‗. Vde ibcr resegoaef b jrebt wdcte lcty tdbt wbs fescjnef tk jakw wctd eaeltrcl acjdt. Vesab bnf Efcskn lkgpetef ikr tde ldbnle tk prkvcfe eaeltrclba pkwer ikr tde rst tcge tk suld bn event. Efcskn–s cneilcent FL fescjn requcref b debvy prcle lkgpbref tk Zestcnjdkuse bnf Vesab–s BL jenerbtkrs. Vde wcnncnj fescjn wkuaf acjdt tde wdcte lcty.



Vde Xdyscls Ruest Ldbaaenje

Vesab–s gcsscnj tkkas (29 ctegs) Dbgger

Ncmkab Vesab Vesab wbs b lakse ircenf ki butdkr Gbrm Vwbcn bnf b octter rcvba ki Vdkgbs Bavb Efcskn, de cnventef suld tdcnjs bs tde regkte lkntrka bnf tde baternbtcnj lurrent jenerbtkr. Cn 243<, de wbs ldbrjef wctd acjdtcnj tde Ldclbjk Zkraf–s Ibcr, tde rst eaeltrcl ibcr cn tde wkraf.

\lcsskrs

Dbnf frcaa

Bs yku gkve tdrkujd tde XdysclsRuest bltcvctces yku wcaa ikaakw Vesab kn dcs `kurney irkg Lrkbtcb tk New Skrm tk Xcttsourjd bnf nbaay tk Ldclbjk bnf tde ibcr. Sku wcaa ikaakw baknj bs Vesab, obttaes wctd tde recjncnj mcnj ki eaeltrcl lurrent, Efcskn. Sku wcaa oe Vesab– esab–ss scfemclm (kr ‑derk suppkrt‗) bs de obttaes Efcskn cn tde jrebt ‑Zbr ki tde Lurrents.‗ Vk oe b sullessiua scfemclm yku wcaa dbve tk aebrn bokut acjdt, gbjnets bnf eaeltrclcty.

Zrenld

Gebsurcnj tbpe

Xbper lacp

\bw \lrewfrcver

Unikrtunbteay, pcjekns dbve stkaen Vesab– Unikrtunbteay, esab–ss tkkas! \k de runs cntk prkoaegs bs de trces tk acjdt tde ibcr bnf de neefs ykur deap tk gbme tdcs cgpkrtbnt event dbppen. Sku gust dunt tdrkujd tde lkgcl okkm pbjes bnf nf baa ki Ncmkab–s tkkas oeikre ct–s tkk abte. Bt tde enf ki ebld XdysclsRuest bltcvcty yku wcaa oe bsmef tk akkm tdrkujd tde lkgcl okkm pbjes tdbt prelefe tde bltcvcty tk nf b pbrtcluabr pcjekn. Vdbt pcjekn cs dkafcnj kne ki Vesab– Vesab–ss cgpkrtbnt tkkas bnf ùst acme gbny superderkes, de gcjdt neef tdcnjs tdbt fkn–t akkm acme ykur trbfctcknba tkkas.

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Aevea

Gbjnciycnj jabss

Eaeltrclba tbpe Zcre Nuts bnf okats

\k akkm dbrf, tdey bre trclmy acttae ocrfs! Out wctd ykur deap kur derk, Ncmkab Vesab Vesab wcaa oelkge b aejenf! aejen f!

Ldewcnj jug Xacers

Jkkf aulm! Vde XdysclsRuest ?884 Vebg Bnvca

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XdysclsRuest ?884 Gbtercbas Vde XdysclsRuest mct cnlaufes tdcs gbnuba bnf gkst ki tde dbrfwbre ykur stufents neef tk lkgpaete tde bltcvctces. Vdere cs bask b lkrrespknfcnj weo scte, www.pdysclslentrba.lkg/pdysclsquest, wdcld dbs suppaegentba gbtercba suld bs extensckn bltcvctces. n Lkgcl

Okkm

Ebld bltcvcty wcaa oe prelefef oy severba pbjes ki b lkgcl okkm tdbt wcaa ikaakw tde acie ki Ncmkab Vesab. Vdrkujd tdese pbjes tde stufents wcaa aebrn bokut tde acie ki Vesab bnf ikaakw dcg irkg dcs ocrtdpable ki Lrkbtcb, tdrkujd dcs obttaes wctd Vdkgbs Efcskn bnf nbaay dcs trcugpd cn tde ‑Jrebt Zbr ki tde Lurrents.‗ nVde

Veblder–s Jucfe

Vde Veblder–s Jucfe ikr ebld bltcvcty cnlaufes0 • Mey questckn Vdcs questckn dcjdacjdts tde jkba ki tde bltcvcty.

• Mey tergs Vdcs seltckn acsts tergs reabtef tk tde bltcvcty tdbt tde stufents wcaa enlkunter cn tde \tufent–s Jucfe. • Oeikre tde bltcvcty \tufents sdkuaf oe ibgcacbr wctd tdese lknlepts bnf smcaas oeikre tblmacnj tde bltcvcty. • Biter tde bltcvcty Oy pbrtclcpbtcnj cn tde bltcvcty, stufents bre prbltclcnj tde smcaas bnf stufycnj tde lknlepts acstef cn tdcs seltckn. • Vde slcenle oedcnf Vdcs seltckn cnlaufes tde slcenle oedcnf tde bltcvcty bnf skge dcstkrclba oblmjrkunf. Vde \tufent–s Jucfe fkes nkt cnlaufe gkst ki tdcs cnikrgbtckn= ct cs aeit tk yku tk felcfe wdbt tk fcsluss wctd ykur stufents. • \biety Vdcs seltckn dcjdacjdts pktentcba dbzbrfs bnf sbiety prelbutckns. • Gbtercbas Vdcs seltckn acsts tde gbtercbas neefef ikr tde bltcvcty. Gbtercbas tdbt bre prkvcfef cn tde mct bre cn OKAF type= yku wcaa neef tk prkvcfe tde ktder ctegs. • Extensckn bltcvctces Extensckn bltcvctces reabtef tk ebld bltcvcty lbn oe ikunf kn tde XdysclsRuest weo scte Vdcs seltckn jcves b orcei feslrcptckn ki tdkse reabtef tk tde bltcvcty. • Ocoackjrbpdy bnf sujjestef reskurles Vdcs seltckn acsts tde okkms bnf ktder reskurles usef tk lrebte tdcs bltcvcty bnf relkggenfef reskurles ikr gkre cnikrgbtckn kn tde tkpcls lkveref.


nVde


\tufent–s Jucfe

Ebld bltcvcty dbs b \tufent–s Jucfe tdbt yku wcaa neef tk lkpy bnf dbnf kut tk baa ki tde stufents. Cn bffctckn, yku wcaa neef tk lkpy tde lkgcl okkm pbjes bnf dbnf tdeg tk ykur stufents wden yku rst stbrt tde XdysclsRuest bltcvctces. Vde \tufent Jucfe–s cnlaufes0 • Mey questckn Vdcs questckn dcjdacjdts tde jkba ki tde bltcvcty. • Gbtercbas Vdcs seltckn acsts tde gbtercbas stufents wcaa neef ikr tde bltcvcty. • Jettcnj stbrtef Vdcs seltckn cnlaufes fcslussckn questckns fescjnef tk jet stufents tdcnmcnj bokut tde mey questckn, wdy ct–s cgpkrtbnt, bnf dkw tdey gcjdt nf bn bnswer. • Vde expercgent Vdcs seltckn aebfs stufents step-oy-step tdrkujd tde set-up bnf fbtb lkaaeltckn prkless. • Bnbayzcnj ykur resuats Vdcs seltckn aebfs stufents tdrkujd fbtb bnbayscs bnf dbs questckns ikr tdeg tk bnswer obsef kn tdecr resuats. nXdysclsRuest

Ldbaaenje / Icnba repkrt

Vde XdysclsRuest Ldbaaenje cntrkfules stufents tk tde prkèlt bnf tdecr gcssckn. \tufents sdkuaf aa kut tde kppkscte scfe ki tdcs dbnfkut, dbnf kut, tde nba repkrt, bs tdey lkgpaete lkgpaet e ebld bltcvcty. Batdkujd jrkups gby aa kut tde ikrg cnfepenfentay, ebld labss lbn knay suogct kne bnswer tk tde knacne lkgpetctckn. nBltcvcty

dbrfwbre

Vde dbrfwbre cnlaufef cn tde mct cs acstef kn pbje 4. Ikr spelcl cnikrgbtckn kn tdese ctegs bnf wdere tdey lbn oe purldbsef, see tde gbtercbas acst kn tde XdysclsRuest weo scte. NKVE0 Xaebse nkte tdbt tde ‑Fcsbppebrcnj Lrystbas‗ bltcvcty requcres bfvbnlef set-up. nXdysclsRuest

weo scte

www.pdysclslentrba.lkg/pdysclsquest, dbs suppaegentba gbtercba ikr teblders, suld bs extensckn bltcvctces. Bask, perckfcl upfbtes kn tde prkjrbg wcaa bask oe pkstef kn tdcs scte .

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Gbtercbas acst Cnlaufef cn tdcs mct Ci ykur mct cs gcsscnj bny ki tdese gbtercbas, paebse lkntblt tde mct venfkr venfkr bllkrfcnj tk tde fcreltckns kn tde XdysclsRuest weo scte.

Nkt cnlaufef cn tdcs mct Ikr gkre cnikrgbtckn kn tdese ctegs bnf wdere tdey lbn oe purldbsef, paebse vcsct tde XdysclsRuest weo scte.

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XdysclsRuest gbnuba

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Vrbnspbrentt lups (5) Vrbnspbren

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\paenfb® Orbnf \weetener pblmets (?2)

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Zbter

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Zbter jea lrystbas

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Gbsmcnj tbpe

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\tcii steea wcre (2? cnldes)

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Lbaluabtkr

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Lkgpbsses (6)

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Xergbnent gbrmer

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Obttery dkafer

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BB obtterces (9)

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L obttery

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Lkca ki gbjnet wcre

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Fcsm gbjnets (6)

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_ef AEF (acjdt-egcttcnj-f (acjdt-egcttcnj-fckfe) ckfe)

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Jreen AEF (acjdt-egcttcnj-fc (acjdt-egcttcnj-fckfe) kfe)

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\teea sauj

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Lbrfokbrf tuoe

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Cnsuabtef wcre (4 cnldes)

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Nbca

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Xcnwdeea tkp



Ncmkab Vesab, Vesab, wctd _ufer Oksmkvcl–s okkm Vdekrcb Xdcakskpdcbe Nbturbacs, scts Nbturbacs, scts cn irknt ki tde spcrba lkca ki dcs dcjd-irequenly trbnsikrger bt Ebst Dkustkn \t., NS. NS. (Xuoacl fkgbcn cgbje)

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Bokut tde lkgcl okkm Oeikre wrctcnj tde lkgcl okkm seltckn, tde XdysclsRuest tebg fcf extenscve resebrld cntk tde acie bnf cnventckns ki Ncmkab Vesab. Vdkujd guld ki tde lkgcl cs dcstkrclbaay bllurbte tk tde oest ki kur mnkwaefje, pbrts ki ct neefef tk oe ltcknbaczef ikr b gcffae sldkka bufcenle bnf suctef tk t wctdcn tde XdysclsRuest gystery. Ze dkpe tdbt nk kne cs upset wctd kur bffctckns. Ze bre bask weaa bwbre tdbt Vesab fcf guld gkre tdbn wdbt cs presentef kn tde pbjes ki tde lkgcl okkm. Ze wkuaf dbve akvef tk lrebte b gkre extenscve dcstkry ki dcs acie, out we were acgctef oy spble.

Vdcs prkjrbg cs lrebtef ikr b ykunjer bufcenle, sk we jakssef kver skge ki tde gkre ‑lkakriua‗ bspelts ki Vesab–s acie. Ze dkpe tdbt tde abrje lkntcnjent ki Vesab ibns en`kys tde pcjekn reierenles. Vde XdysclsRuest tebg dbs jrebt respelt ikr Ncmkab Vesab–s acie bnf bllkgpacsdgents bnf we dkpe tdbt yku nf tdcs tk oe b ttcnj trcoute tk dcs acie.

Lkgcl ocoackjrbpdy

Ldeney, Gbrjbret, Vesab0 Gbn kut ki Vcge. \cgkn Vcge. \cgkn bnf \duster NS, NS, ?882 Vesab, Ncmkab, Gy Ncmkab, Gy Cnventckns0 Vde Butkockjrbpdy Butkockjrbpdy ki Ncmkab Ncmkab Vesab, Vesab, onpuoacsdcnj.net, ?884 Utd, _koert, Vesab0 Gbster ki Acjdtncnj, New Acjdtncnj, New Ykybje Ykybje Lkggunclbtckns bnf XO\ Dkge Dkge vcfek, ?888 Vesab Gegkrcb Gegkrcbaa \klcety ki New Skrm, www.tesabsklcety.lkg Vde Vesab Ikunfbtckn ki Nkrtd Bgerclb, www.tesab.krj New Vesab Vesab \klcety, \klcety, www.ulskib.lkg/newtesab.dtg www.ulskib.lkg/newtesab.dtg

Vde XdysclsRuest ?884 Vebg



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?884

Ncmkab Vesab tdee bnf td

B i u n bn f efulbtcknba reskurle ikr gcffae sldkka labssrkkgs!

Fcstrcoutef oy tde Bgerclbn Xdysclba Xdysclba \klcety www.bps.krj

Oy _eoellb Vdkgpskn-Iabjj, Ldrcstkpder Fc\lenzb, @ustcn _eefer bnf Merry J. @kdnskn Fescjn bnf caaustrbtckns oy Merry J. @kdnskn

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Vrbveacnj irkg dcs dkgeabnf, ykunj ncmkab tesab brrcves cn new ykrm Lcty.

Vesab sebrldes tdrkujdkut tde lcty bnf icnbaay aklbtes tde bffress ki Vdkgbs Efcskn.


C–ve gbfe ct tk Bgerclb, tde abnf ki kppkrtuncty. C dbve bawbys wbntef tk lkge dere bnf wkrm ikr Vdkgbs Efcskn, tde jrebtest cnventkr ki kur tcge.

‑Febr Gr. Efcskn, C mnkw twk jrebt gen bnf yku bre kne ki tdeg= tde ktder cs tdcs ykunj gbn stbnfcnj oeikre yku.‗

Vesab brrbnjes b geetcnj wctd Efcskn bnf ...

... presents Efcskn b nkte irkg b ircenf ki tdeg oktd. Zeaa tdbt lertbcnay cs kne delm ki b relkggenfbtckn irkg Ldbraes Z. Obtldeakr , yku–re dcref! *

Vesab wbs skkn dbrf bt wkrm.

Zealkge tk tde Efcskn Gbldcne Zkrms tebg.

De oejbn icrst oy skavcnj skge scgpae eaeltrclba enjcneercnj prkoaegs out dcs orcaacbnle wbs quclmay rebaczef bnf de gkvef up tk oecnj Efcskn–s rcjdt“dbnf gbn. * Ldbraes Z. Obtldeakr wbs bn cnventkr bnf lakse bssklcbte ki Vdkgbs Efcskn. De wbs cnvkavef cn skge ki tde jrebtest cnventckns bnf teldnkakjclba feveakpgents cn dcstkry.

Vesab gy oky, yku bre bgbzcnj. Ikr b aknj tcge C–ve wbntef tk refescjn gy fcrelt lurrent systeg tk gbme ct gkre eiiclcent. Vdcs dbs oeen b fciicluat tbsm sk C neef gy oest gbn kn tde prkèlt.

Vesab wbs exlctef bokut tde ldbaaenje bnf wkrmef very dbrf tk cgpress Efcskn bnf ebrn tde $58,888.

De wkrmef ncjdt bnf fby tk cnlrebse tde eiiclcenly ki Efcskn–s fcrelt lurrent systeg. Zdcae fkcnj sk, de wkn severba prkictboae pbtents ikr Efcskn–s lkgpbny. Icnbaay tde gkre eiiclcent systeg wbs lkgpaetef.

Bs bn extrb cnlentcve C wcaa jcve yku b oknus ki $58,888 ci yku lkgpaete tde `ko! LKNVCNUEF KN XBJE 2<



Efcskn, C–ve icnsdef ykur prkèlt. Sku nkw dbve b guld gkre eiiclcent FL systeg. Vdkujd, C stcaa oeaceve tdbt gy BL jenerbtkr cs tde wbve ki tde iuture. Kntk bnktder cssue, C wbs wknfercnj wden lkuaf C expelt tde $58,888 oknus tdbt yku prkgcsef ge.

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Zeaa cs tdbt tde wby ct–s jkcnj oe; C dbve revkautcknczef ykur systeg bnf yku reiuse tk pby ge! Zeaa, tden C wbnt b pby rbcse;

Kd Vesab, yku fkn–t unferstbnf tde Bgerclbn sense ki dugkr, C wbs knay mcffcnj!

C ùst fkn–t tdcnm tde C kr tde lkgpbny lbn biikrf tdbt rcjdt nkw.

Vden... C quct.

Sku bre b ikka. Skur ablm ki vcsckn wcaa wcaa oe ykur fkwnibaa. C wcaa sdkw yku! C wcaa jk kut kn gy kwn bnf oucaf gy BL systeg.

Bnf ct wcaa oebt kut ykur FL systeg bnf kne fby baa tde wkraf wcaa oe pkweref oy baternbtcnj lurrent!

C wcaa sdkw dcg. C gby nkt dbve b `ko, out tdbt–s nkt jkcnj tk stkp ge irkg feveakpcnj gy BL systeg. C ùst neef tk icnf skgekne tk cnvest cn gy cfebs.

BL cs sbier bnf wcaa oe guld ldebper. C dbve ibctd tdbt Bgerclb wcaa rebacze cts pkwer. Kne fby BL pkwer wcaa acjdt tde wkraf!

VK OE LKNVCNUEF

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Veblder–s Jucfe


BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj Fcsbppebrcn j lrystbas

Cntrk Cn tdcs bltcvcty stufents wcaa use lrystbas tk fetergcne tde lknlentrbtckn ki \paenfb® cn 6 fciierent lups ki wbter. Fry wbter jea lrystbas bre put cntk wbter wdere tdey wcaa quclmay boskro dunfrefs ki tcges tdecr wecjdt cn wbter. wbter. Vdey wcaa oe cnvcscoae cn pabcn wbter out ci \paenf ® b cs bffef tdey wcaa oejcn tk bppebr. bppebr. \tufents wcaa use tdcs prkperty tk fetergcne dkw guld \paenfb ® cs cn 6 fciierent lups ki wbter. Gbtercbas nZbter jea jrystbas n?2 \paenfb® Orbnf \weetner pblmets nZbter n6 laebr pabstcl kr jabss lups aboeaef B, O, L, F n2 laebr pabstcl kr jabss lups, unaboeaef. n\pkkn

NKVE VK VEBLDE_\0 Vdcs bltcvcty gust oe set up oeikredbnf. Ct tbmes severba dkurs tk jrkw tde wbter jea lrystbas. Vde stufents wcaa oe juesscnj tde lkntents ki 6 ‑gystery lups‗ sk lups gust oe prepbref oy tde cnstrultkr oeikre tde stufents oejcn tde bltcvcty. Icaa baa lups wctd · lups ki wbter. Vden bff

\paenfb ® bs

ikaakws0

Lup B0 < pblmets Lup O0 2? pblmets Lup L0 8 pblmets Lup F0 9 pblmets

Mey Ruestckn Dkw fkes bffcnj \paenfb® tk wbter ldbnje tde cnfex ki reirbltckn; Mey Vergs _eirbltckn0 Zden acjdt trbveas irkg kne gbtercba tk bnktder ct ldbnjes fcreltckn, kr reirblts. Cnfex ki reirbltckn0 B reirbltckn0 B nugoer tdbt feslrcoes dkw tde speef ki acjdt cn b gbtercba lkgpbres tk tde speef ki acjdt cn vbluug. Ct bask teaas dkw guld acjdt ldbnjes fcreltckn wden ct gkves irkg kne gbtercba tk bnktder, bs weaa bs dkw guld acjdt wcaa oe reeltef wden acjdt dcts tde surible. Vrbnspbrent0 Gkst acjdt cs trbnsgcttef, b acttae oct cs reeltef Vrbnsaulent0 \kge acjdt cs trbnsgcttef, skge wcaa oe reeltef Kpbque0 Baa acjdt ct reeltef kr Kpbque0 Baa boskroef, nkne cs trbnsgcttef.

Gbme sure baa ki tde \paenfb ® dbs fcsskavef lkgpaeteay oeikre stbrtcnj tde bltcvcty. Vde unaboeaef lup wcaa oe usef tk jrkw tde lrystbas. Icaa tde lup wctd wbter bnf pable bokut 28 wbter jea lrystbas cn tde lup bnf wbct severba dkurs. Vde lup wcaa oe iuaa ki jea lrystbas out yku wcaa nkt oe boae tk see tdeg wden tdey bre stcaa cn tde lup ki wbter. Oeikre tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf mnkw tdbt … Acjdt trbveas cn b strbcjdt acne

Zden acjdt jkes irkg kne gbtercba tk bnktder ct ldbnjes cts pbtd Biter tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf oe boae tk … Expabcn wdy we lbn see gbtercbas tdbt bre trbnspbrent even tdkujd acjdt pbsses tdrkujd tdeg.



BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj lrystbas Expabcn wdy we lbnnkt see tde wbter jea lrystbas wden tdey bre suogerjef cn wbter out we lbn see tdeg wden tdey bre cn bcr.

Fcsbppebrcnj Lrystbas

Expabcn ‑cnfex ki reirbltckn‗ bnf unferstbnf tdbt abrjer cnfcles ki reirbltckn gbme acjdt ldbnje fcreltckn gkre.

Vde slcenle oedcnf reirbltckn Acjdt trbveas cn b strbcjdt acne. Ci ct weren–t ikr tdcs prkperty ki acjdt tdere wkuafn–t oe sdbfkws kr abser pkcnters. Vdcs ruae dkwever csn–t lkgpaeteay true. Zden acjdt gkves irkg kne gbtercba tk bnktder ct ldbnjes cts pbtd. \kge ki tde acjdt ldbnjes ct fcreltckn oy reeltcnj bnf skge ldbnjes fcreltckn oy reirbltcnj. Zden b acjdt rby jkes irkg kne trbnspbrent kr trbnsaulent gbtercba tk bnktder ct lkntcnues tk gkve tdrkujd tde gbtercba out nkt cn tde sbge fcreltckn. Vdcs ldbnje cn fcreltckn cs lbaaef reirbltckn.

Cn tde yebr 346 Con \bda nktclef tdbt t dbt acjdt fcf tdcs wden ct gkvef tdrkujd t drkujd b aens bnf de wknferef ci tdere wbs b ruae tdbt sbcf dkw guld acjdt ldbnjef fcreltckn. De ikunf tdbt bs acjdt gkvef irkg bcr tk tde jabss ki tde aens tdbt tde bgkunt ct reirbltef fepenfef kn tde bnjae bnja e bt wdcld tde acjdt dct bs weaa bs tde type ki jabss de usef. De rebaczef tdbt tde acjdt wbs bask ldbnjcnj speef. Cn 29?2 Zcaaeorkrf \neaacus bnf _enee Felbrtes oktd ikunf bn equbtckn tdbt teaas dkw guld ki b acjdt rby wcaa reelt bnf dkw guld wcaa reirblt wden tde acjdt dcts b surible. Oktd ki tdese fepenf kn b nugoer lbaaef tde cnfex ki reirbltckn, kr ‑n‗. Vde abrjer tde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki b gbtercba tde gkre acjdt ct wcaa reelt bnf tde gkre ct wcaa oenf tde acjdt tdbt cs trbnsgcttef. Vde cnfex ki reirbltckn bask teaas dkw ibst acjdt trbveas cn tde new gbtercba. Acjdt cs ibstest wden ct cs gkvcnj cn b vbluug. Nk, nkt b Dkkver, cn tdcs lbse ‑gkvcnj cn b vbluug‗ gebns tdbt acjdt cs gkvcnj tdrkujd nktdcnj, nk gbtter bt baa, nkt even bcr. Kuter spble cs bn exbgpae ki b vbluug. Cn b vbluug acjdt trbveas bt <88,888,888 geters per selknf out tdbt–s bs ibst bs ct lbn jk. Ci ct trbveas cn bny type ki gbtter, even bcr, ct sakws fkwn b acttae oct. Bs ct sakws fkwn ct ldbnjes fcreltckns. Oelbuse tde cnfex ki reirbltckn teaas dkw ibst acjdt jkes cn b pbrtcluabr gbtercba gbterc ba ct lbn bask sby dkw guld acjdt ldbnjes fcreltckn bs ct gkves irkg kne gbtercba tk bnktder. Ct lbn bask teaa us dkw guld acjdt wcaa oe reeltef. Vde speef ki acjdt cn b gbtercba cs reabtef tk tde cnfex ki reirbltckn oy tde ikrguab0 n7l/v wdere l cs tde speef ki acjdt cn b vbluug bnf v cs tde speef ki acjdt cn b gbtercba. Vde cnfex ki reirbltckn fepenfs kn gbny tdcnjs. Gkstay ct fepenfs kn tde type ki gbtercba. Zbter dbs bn cnfex ki reirbltckn ki 2.< wdcae fcbgknf dbs bn cnfex ki reirbltckn ki ?.6. Vdcs gebns tdbt fcbgknf reelts gkre acjdt tdbn wbter bnf tdbt acjdt jkes ?.6 tcges sakwer cn fcbgknf tdbn ct fkes cn b vbluug. Cnfex ki reirbltckn lbn bask fepenf kn tegperbture. Vde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki lkkaer bcr cs 2.888< out wden tde bcr cs debtef oy 288 fejrees L ct ldbnjes tk 2.888?. Vdcs gby nkt seeg acme guld out ct oenfs acjdt enkujd tk lbuse tde wbvy bppebrbnle seen kn tkp ki rkbfs bnf tde dkkf ki ykur lbr kn dkt fbys.

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Zbter jea lrystba

Acjdt

Acjdt cs nkt oent kr re﬏eltef jkcnj irkg wbter tk lrystba

Acjdt

_eiaeltef _eirbltef

Zden we akkm bt bn koèlt tdrkujd b trbnspbrent gbtercba, suld bs wbter, we lbn see tdbt tde acjdt cs oenfcnj oelbuse ct akkms acme tde koèlt dbs sdcitef b oct. Vry tdcs wctd b jabss ki wbter bnf b penlca. Zden yku put tde penlca cn tde wbter ct akkms acme tde pbrt tdbt cs cn tde wbter cs fcs`kcntef irkg tde pbrt tdbt cs stcaa cn bcr. Vdcs cs oelbuse ki reirbltckn. Out wdbt dbppens wden twk fciierent gbtercbas dbve tde sbge cnfex ki reirbltckn; Lkuaf we see tdeg; Ze lbn see trbnspbrent gbtercbas oelbuse ki tde reeltckns bnf cn skge lbses oelbuse koèlts seen tdrkujd tdese gbtercbas seeg fcstkrtef oy reirbltckn. Vde cnfex ki reirbltckn cs fciierent irkg tdbt ki bcr. Out wdbt wkuaf dbppen ci twk koèlts dbf tde sbge cnfex ki reirbltckn; Zkuaf we oe boae tk fcstcnjucsd oetween tde twk; Zkuaf kne seeg tk fcsbppebr; Vdbt cs wdbt tde stufents wcaa oe cnvestcjbtcnj wctd tdcs expercgent. Vde jea lrystbas bre jrkwn cn wbter bnf oelbuse tde nba lrystba cs 33% wbter ct dbs tde sbge cnfex ki reirbltckn bs wbter. Zdcae cn wbter, ct seegs tk fcsbppebr out cn bcr ct cs laebray vcscoae. Out cs ct pksscoae tk ldbnje tde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki wbter tk gbme tde lrystbas vcscoae; Ses, oy bffcnj \paenfb ®. Zbter wctd \paenfb ® cn ct dbs b fciierent cnfex ki reirbltckn tdbn pabcn wbter. Vde gkre \paenfb ® fcsskavef cn tde wbter, tde jrebter tde fciierenle cn tde cnfex ki reirbltckn. Zden yku pable b lrystba tdbt cs jrkwn cn wbter cn \paenfb ® wbter, ct wcaa oe vcscoae. Vde gkre \paenfb ® cn tde wbter, tde ebscer ct wcaa oe tk see tde lrystba. Vdere bre gbldcnes tdbt lkst dunfrefs ki tdkusbnfs ki fkaabrs tdbt use tdcs iblt tk fetergcne tde bgkunt ki sujbr cn b acqucf, out ykur stufents lbn fk tde sbge tdcnj ikr pennces wctd tde bgbzcnj wbter jea lrystbas. \biety Ikr wbter jea lrystba sbiety see tde Gbtercba \biety Fbtb \deet kn pbje 64. Lkrrespknfcnj extensckn bltcvctces 2. @eaak aenscnj0 Zbtld bs acjdt oenfs kn cts wby tdrkujd @eaa-k. ?. \pebr sdcnj0 Aebrn dkw acjdt oenfs cn wbter oy trycnj tk spebr \wefcsd Icsd. <. Vboaetkp sunset0 Lrebte b oebutciua sunset uscnj gcam bnf b bsdacjdt.

Acjdt _eiaeltef _eirbltef Fcbgknf


Ocoackjrbpdy/sujjestef reskurles Vde Brczknb Lkaabokrbtcve Lkaabo krbtcve ikr Exleaaenle cn Xrepbrbtckn ki Veblders. Vde _eirbltckn ki Acjdt. dttp0//blept.bsu.efu/XcN/rfj/reirbltckn/reirbltckn.sdtga Ybrckus \uostbnles ikr
Mwbn, B., Fufaey, @., Mwbn, @., bnf Abntz, E. (?88?). ‑Zdk ‑ Zdk rebaay fcslkveref \neaa–s abw;‗. abw; ‗. Xdyscls Zkraf 25 (6)0 96 Lkoo, Yclmc, bnf Lkoo, @ksd, Acjdt Bltckn!. New Skrm0 Dbrper Lkaacns, 233<



\tufent–s Jucfe BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj lrystbas Cntrk Sku dbve oeen lbst cn tde rkae ki Ncmkab Vesab–s scfemclm, kr ‑derk suppkrt,‗ bs de obttaes Efcskn bnf acjdts tde Ldclbjk Zkraf–s Zkraf–s Ibcr. Biter ebld bltcvcty bltcvct y yku wcaa dbve tk trblm t rblm b pcjekn tdrkujdkut tde lkgcl okkm pbjes yku rebf. Vde pcjekns dbve stkaen Vesab–s tkkas bnf ct–s up tk yku tk jet tdeg baa oblm. Oeikre yku oejcn tdcs epcl quest, yku gust rst aebrn bokut acjdt ctseai. Vden yku wcaa oejcn tk aebrn bokut exbltay dkw Vesab usef gbjnets bnf eaeltrclcty tk pkwer tde acjdt ouaos de usef tk caaugcnbte tde ibcr. Mey Ruestckn Dkw fkes bffcnj \paenfb ® tk wbter ldbnje tde cnfex ki reirbltckn; Jettcnj \tbrtef Zdy lbn we see laebr koèlts suld bs jabss kr laebr pabstcl; Zdbt dbppens tk acjdt wden ct gkves irkg bcr tk wbter; Fkes acjdt bawbys trbvea cn strbcjdt acnes; Dkw gcjdt yku ldbnje tde fcreltckn cn wdcld acjdt trbveas;

Zden acjdt cnterblts wctd bn koèlt ct cs boskroef, reeltef kr reirbltef. Ci tde koèlt cs kpbque baa ki tde acjdt wcaa oe reeltef kr boskroef. Ci tde gbtercba cs trbnspbrent, suld bs jabss kr wbter, skge ki tde acjdt cs reeltef out guld ki tde acjdt ac jdt jkes tdrkujd tde gbtercba bnf cs reirbltef kr oent. Oktd tde bgkunt ki acjdt tdbt cs reeltef bnf tde bgkunt tde acjdt cs oent fepenfs kn b nugoer lbaaef tde cnfex ki reirbltckn. Gkst ki tde tcge fciierent gbtercbas wcaa dbve fciierent cnfcles ki reirbltckn wdcld cs wdy we lbn see tdeg. Vdcs bltcvcty wcaa sdkw yku wdbt dbppens wden twk gbtercbas dbve tde sbge cnfex ki reirbltckn. Sku wcaa tden use tde iblt tdbt \paenfb ® Orbnf \weetener lbn ldbnje tde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki wbter tk fetergcne tde lknlentrbtckn ki \paenfb ® cn b jabss ki wbter. Gbtercbas n Zbter jea lrystbas n6 laebr pabstcl kr jabss lups aboeaef B, O, L, F n2 unaboeaef lup iuaa ki wdbt akkms acme wbter

\ettcnj up tde expercgent Oeikre yku oejbn, ykur teblder gcxef fciierent fciiere nt bgkunts ki \paenfb ® cntk 6 lups. Unikrtunbteay ykur teblder prkgptay ikrjkt dkw guld \paenfb ® wbs cn ebld lup (Nkte tk Veblder0 Veblder0 ùst paby pa by baknj). Skur Skur `ko cs tk t k jure kut dkw guld gul d \paenfb ® cs cn ebld lup, out regegoer, ùst acme ac me baa jkkf slcentcsts, yku lbnnkt tbste bnytdcnj cn tde abo. Vk bllkgpacsd ykur tbsm yku wcaa dbve tk use ykur mnkwaefje ki acjdt bnf cts prkpertces.

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BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj lrystbas Xaebse wrcte cn ykur bnswers Skur wbter jea lrystbas bre cn b lup aaef wctd wbter. Bre yku boae tk see tdeg cn tde wbter;

Bre yku boae tk see tdeg cn tde bcr;

Dkw fk yku tdcnm tde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki tde lrystbas lkgpbres tk tdbt ki wbter; Bcr;

Lkaaeltcnj fbtb

2. Xable tdree abrje lrystbas cn ebld ki tde ikur lups. ?. Dbve ebld perskn cn tde jrkup brrbnje tde lups sk tdbt tde lup cn wdcld tde lrystbas bre aebst vcscoae cs rbnmef ‑2‗ bnf tde gkst vcscoae cs rbnmef ‑6.‗ <. _elkrf ykur resuats. 6. Bs b jrkup fetergcne bn krfer ikr tde lups.

Zdy fk tde lrystbas fcsbppebr skge tcges, out nkt bt ktder tcges;



BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj lrystbas Bnbayzcnj ykur resuats

Cn tde okx oeakw, frbw bn caaustrbtckn ki ykur 6 lups cn krfer. Zdy fk yku tdcnm yku lbn see tde lrystbas cn skge lups out nkt ktders; Dkw fkes tde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki tde wbter fepenf kn tde bgkunt ki \paenfb ® fcsskavef cn tde wbter; Zdcld lup fk yku tdcnm dbs tde gkst \paenfb ®; Zdbt bre skge prbltclba wbys yku gcjdt use wdbt yku ùst aebrnef bokut dkw cnfex ki reirbltckn fepenfs kn wdbt cs fcsskavef cn wbter; Aets sby yku wbntef tk gbme bn cnvcscocacty lakbm ùst acme Dbrry Xktter–s. Dkw gcjdt yku use wdbt yku aebrnef bokut cnfex ki reirbltckn tk fk tdbt; Zrcte ykur bnswers oeakw0

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23

?8

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BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj lrystbas Sku lbn use tde reabtcknsdcp oetween cnfex ki reirbltckn bnf speef ki acjdt tk nf tde speef ki acjdt cn b pbrtcluabr gbtercba. N 7 l/v wdere l cs tde speef ki acjdt (<88,888,888) bnf v cs tde speef ki acjdt cn tde gbtercba. Dere cs b acst ki tde cnfex ki reirbltckn ki skge ktder gbtercbas. Zdbt cs tde speef ki acjdt cn tdese gbtercbas; Gbtercba

Cnfex ki reirbltckn

\peef ki acjdt

Zbter

2.<<

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Zcnfkw jabss

2.5?

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fcbgknf

?.6?

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Xyrex

2.6:

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Luocl zcrlkncb

?.2:

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Lrbnoerry ùcle

2.<5

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Uscnj ykur resuats tk deap Vesab acjdt tde Ldclbjk–s Zkraf Zkraf Ibcr

Ct–s tcge tk ldbse ykur rst pcjekn! Durry, tdey lbn oe ibst bnf Ncmkab Vesab neefs ykur bsscstbnle tk bllkgpacsd dcs jkba. _bnm tde lups irkg gkst bgkunt ki \paenfb ® tk tde aebst bgkunt ki \paenfb ® Zdere fcf yku put lup F;

Icrst Ldbse tde wdcte pcjekn

\elknf Ldbse tde jrby pcjekn

Vdcrf Ldbse tde pcjekn wctd strcpes

Ikurtd Ldbse tde pcjekn wctd tde jrby debf bnf wdcte okfy



BLVCYCVS 20 Fcsbppebrcnj lrystbas

B

O

L

F

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?2

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Vden kne fby tde abokr ikregbn lbge kver tk Vesab.

Vesab lkntcnuef tk wkrm kn dcs BL pkwer systeg wdcae fkcnj gbnuba abokr ...

Vde ieaakws teaa ge tdbt yku bre kne delm ki bn eaeltrclcbn. Sku sdkuaf oe fkcnj gkre tdbn fcjjcnj fctldes. C–g jkcnj tk cntrkfule yku tk gy ircenf B.M. Orkwn. De–s gbnbjer ki tde Zestern Unckn Veaejrbpd Lkgpbny. De gcjdt oe boae tk deap yku kut.

... bnf cn 244: de wbs jrbntef : pbtents ikr dcs BL systeg. Vdese turnef kut tk oe tde gkst vbauboae pbtents scnle tde teaepdkne.

Vesab geets Gr. Orkwn bnf de expabcns dcs cfebs ikr b iunltcknba BL systeg.

Nkw wctd tde oeneict ki b abo bnf icnbnlcba icnbnlcba suppkrt, Vesab wkrmef acme b gbf gbn ikr gkntds bnf prkfulef ikrty gkre pbtents oy 2432.

Vdcs mcf–s cnfultckn gktkr cs tde iuture. C–ve jkt tk iunf tdcs, ct wcaa gbme gcaackns ki fkaabrs. Ci de lbn gbme ct wkrm, wdk mnkws wdbt ease de lbn fk!

Vden kne fby, de jkt b vcsct irkg b surprcse juest.

Jreetcnjs Gr. Vesab. Gy nbge cs \bguea Laegens, out gy ‑nclmnbge‗ cs Gbrm Vwbcn.

Vesab, C—g wcaacnj tk jcve yku iunfs tk stbrt ykur kwn lkgpbny. Ze–aa lbaa ct tde Vesab Eaeltrcl Lkgpbny bnf cts jkba wcaa oe tk gbme tde wkraf run kn BL pkwer. C dbve skge spble kn Icitd Bvenue= we lbn put ykur abo tdere. C mnkw ct–s knay b iew oaklms irkg Efcskn–s abo, out delm, aet dcg see wdbt we bre fkcnj. De barebfy tdcnms we–re ikkacsd bnywby. Out we mnkw tde iuture!

Sku gby mnkw ge oelbuse C butdkrcnj suld okkms bs Vde Leaeorbtef @ugpcnj Irkj ki Lbabverbs Lkunty, Gbrm Vwbcn's (Ouraesque)) Butkockjrbpdy bnf (Ouraesque Icrst _kgbnle, bnf Bfventures ki Dulmaeoerry Icnn.

C–g b duje ibn ki slcenle. Vde wkrf dbs sprebf bokut ykur cnventckns. C wbs cn tkwn bnf felcfef tk akkm yku up. C dbve b iew dkurs tk mcaa, dkw bokut yku sdkwcnj brkunf ykur abo;

LKNVCNUEF KN XBJE ?<



Vdcs cs baa C–ve wbntef. Vcge bnf iunfcnj tk prkfule tde cnventckns tdbt C see cn gy debf. Vde cfebs lkge lk ge tk ge cn b iabsd bnf C gust gbme tdeg.

C gust cnvent. C gust lrebte. C gust sdkw tde wkraf tde pkwer ki eaeltrclcty! Vdere cs nk jrebter jcit tk tde wkraf tdbn tde iructs ki kne–s resebrld.

Vdbt–s b ncle trclm, sdkw ge gkre.

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?<

Blrkss tde lcty cn tde kiicle ki Jekrje Zestcnjdkuse @r.*

Vde stklm gbrmet gbr met cs kn tde rcse, bnf baa oelbuse ki tde pbtents icaef oy tdcs juy nbgef Vesab. C neef tk jet dcg tk wkrm ikr ge. Vdcs cs bgbzcnj! Ci wdbt de dbs cnventef wkrms, ct wcaa oe pksscoae tk senf eaeltrcl lurrents kver aknj fcstbnles.

Zestcnjdkuse aklbtes Vesab–s abokrbtkry, tden vcscts wctd dcg.

Vdcs kne dere cs skgetdcnj skg etdcnj C–g lurrentay wkrmcnj kn. Ct wcaa lrebte acjdtncnj, rcjdt dere cn tde abo. Kne fby, C wcaa use ct tk trbnsgct pkwer wctdkut tde neef ki wcres.

Skur cnventckns bre orcaacbnt. orcaacbn t. Aet ge jet tk tde pkcnt, C–g dere tk ouy ykur pbtents ikr tde BL jenerbtkr. C wcaa jcve yku $55,888. Bask, C wbnt yku tk lkge tk Xcttsourjd, Xennsyavbncb bnf wkrm ikr ge.

\dkrtay biter tdbt tcge, Vesab wbs swkrn cn bnf oelbge bn bgerclbn lctczen.

Cn dcs acietcge, Vesab kotbcnef gkre tdbn ?88 pbtents out bawbys lknscferef dcs jrebtest bldcevegent wbs oelkgcnj bn bgerclbn lctczen.

* Jekrje Zestcnjdkuse @r. wbs bn Bgerclbn entrepreneur bnf enjcneer wdk cnventef tde rbcarkbf bcr orbme bnf wbs b pckneer ki tde eaeltrclba cnfustry. Zestcnjdkuse Zestcnjdkuse wbs kne ki Vdkgbs Efcskn–s gbcn rcvbas.

Gr. Zestcnjdkuse, C truay bpprelcbte ykur kiier. Out, C fkn–t wbnt tk aebve New Skrm Lcty. C akve ct dere bnf C—g stbrtcnj tk gbme b nbge ikr gyseai dere cn tde lcty.

Ci yku felcfe tk reaklbte, C wcaa gbme ct wkrtd tde gkve bnf C wcaa pby yku $?,888 b gkntd.

Barcjdt, barcjdt. Vdkujd, C wcaa gcss tde t de wbrg pretzeas irkg venfkrs cn Lentrba Lentrb a Xbrm, tde sgeaas ki Ldcnbtkwn, mncsdes kn tde Akwer Ebst \cfe, bnf lbnfaeacjdt scjns ki Vcges \qubre.... C bll ept yku ykurr kiier. kiier.

Nkw wkrmcnj ikr Zestcnjdkuse, Vesab feveakpef feveakp ef b vcboae systeg syste g tk fcstrcoute BL pkwer. Unacme Efcskn–s FL systeg wdcld lkuaf knay senf pkwer bokut ? gcaes, tde new BL systeg lkuaf senf pkwer kver gbny gcaes. Efcskn, rebf bokut Vesab–s sullesses bnf wbs nkt paebsef.

VK OE LKNVCNUEF

?6

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Veblder–s Jucfe


BLVCYCVS ?0 Fbnlcnj lkgpbsses

Cntrk Eaeltrclcty bnf gbjnetcsg bre kiten tdkujdt ki bs twk sepbrbte tkpcls out tdey bre bltubaay cntertwcnef. Zden eaeltrcl ldbrjes gkve, tdey lrebte b gbjnetcl eaf bnf lknverseay lknversea y wden b gbjnetcl eaf ldbnjes ct lbn gbme ldbrjes gkve. Vdcs expercgent uses lkgpbsses tk sdkw tdbt lurrent, wdcld cs gkvcnj eaeltrcl ldbrjes, lrebtes b gbjnetcl eaf. Gbtercbas n 2?-cnld stcii wcre nObttery dkafer n9 BB obtterces n4-cnld cnsuabtef wcre n6 sgbaa lkgpbsses nXdysclsRuest lbrfokbrf okx nVbpe

Mey Ruestckn Dkw fk nebroy lkgpbsses reblt wden lurrent kws tdrkujd b wcre; Mey Vergs Eaeltrkgbjnetcsg00 Eaeltrclcty bnf Eaeltrkgbjnetcsg gbjnetcsg bre nkt sepbrbte. Eaeltrk-gbjnetcsg Eaeltrk-gbjnetc sg cs tde stufy ki dkw tdey bre lkgocnef. Lurrent0 Lurrent cs tde kw ki Lurrent0 pksctcve ldbrjes Gbjnetcl Xkae0 Xkae0 Baa gbjnets dbve b nkrtd bnf b skutd pkae. Lkgpbsses dbve b sgbaa gbjnet cnscfe tdeg tdbt turns tk bacjn wctd b gbjnetcl eaf.

Oeikre tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf mnkw tdbt … Vde ebrtd dbs b gbjnetcl eaf.

Lkgpbsses bre gbfe ki tcny gbjnets tdbt lbn rktbte bnf bacjn tdegseaves wctd b gbjnetcl eaf. Acme eaeltrcl ldbrjes repea= pksctcve repeas pksctcve bnf nejbtcve repeas nejbtcve. Zden b wcre cs lknneltef tk b obttery b lcrluct cs ikrgef bnf lurrent kws. Vde fcreltckn tdbt lurrent kws cs tde fcreltckn ki tde gktckn ki pksctcve ldbrjes. Biter tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf oe boae tk … Zden lurrent kws tdrkujd b wcre, b gbjnetcl eaf cs lrebtef brkunf tde wcre.

Ldbnjcnj tde fcreltckn ki tde kw ki lurrent ldbnjes tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf tdbt cs prkfulef.



BLVCYCVS ?0 Fbnlcnj lkgpbsses Vde slcenle oedcnf …

Vdkujd kiten tdkujdt ki bs twk sepbrbte tkpcls, gbjnetcsg bnf eaeltrclcty bre lakseay acnmef. Zdenever b ldbrje gkves b gbjnetcl eaf cs lrebtef. Cn iblt, tde knay wby tk lrebte b gbjnetcl eaf cs tk dbve gkvcnj ldbrjes. Even tde gbjnetcl eaf ki pergbnent gbjnets cs lrebtef oy tde gkvegent ki tde eaeltrkns cn tde btkgs. Gbjnets dbve b nkrtd pkae bnf b skutd pkae ùst acme eaeltrclcty wdcld dbs pksctcve bnf nejbtcve ldbrjes.

Gbjnet N

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N

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Dkwever, wctd eaeltrcl ldbrjes yku lbn dbve ùst b pksctcve ldbrje, acme b prktkn, kr ùst b nejbtcve ldbrje, acme bn eaeltrkn. Sku lbn–t fk tdbt wctd gbjnets, nkrtd wcaa bawbys oe bttbldef tk b skutd bnf skutd wcaa bawbys bttbldef tk b nkrtd. Even ci yku orebm b pergbnent gbjnet cn dbai oktd ki tde pceles wcaa bjbcn dbve b nkrtd bnf b skutd. Sku lbn meep spacttcnj tde gbjnet, out ct wcaa bawbys oe b gbjnet wctd b nkrtd bnf b skutd. Zctd eaeltrclba ldbrjes, acme ldbrjes repea bnf kppkscte ldbrjes bttrblt. Ct cs tde sbge wctd tde gbjnetcl pkaes. Vde nkrtd enf ki kne gbjnet wcaa oe bttrbltef tk tde skutd enf ki bnktder.

N

Gbjnetcl fleaf

B gbjnetcl eaf cs lbaaef b eaf oelbuse bt bny pkcnt ct dbs oktd b strenjtd bnf b fcreltckn. Ci ct dbf knay b fcreltckn, we wkuaf mnkw ci ct wkuaf pusd kr puaa kn bnktder gbjnet, gbjnet, out nkt dkw dbrf. Ci ct dbf knay b strenjtd, we wkuafn–t mnkw ci ct wkuaf oe pusdcnj kr puaacnj. Bn eaeltrcl eaf dbs tde sbge prkpertces exlept ct blts kn eaeltrcl ldbrjes wdcae b gbjnetcl eaf knay biielts gbjnets. Vde unct ikr gbjnetcl eaf strenjtd cs nbgef biter kur derk, Ncmkab Vesab. B very strknj reircjerbtkr gbjnet dbs b gbjnetcl eaf strenjtd ki bokut 8.2 Vesab. Zden frbwcnj b gbjnetcl eaf ct cs cgpkrtbnt tk cnlaufe brrkws tk sdkw tde fcreltckn ki tde eaf. Vde brrkws bawbys pkcnt bwby irkg tde gbjnet–s nkrtd pkae bnf tkwbrfs tde gbjnet–s skutd pkae.

N

\

Nkrtd Xkae

\

N

Lkgpbss Lkg pbss Cn tdcs bltcvcty yku wcaa use b lkgpbss tk fetergcne tde fcreltckn ki b Gbjnetcl Gbjne tcl fleaf gbjnetcl eaf prkfulef wden lurrent kws tdrkujd b wcre. B lkgpbss neefae cs ùst b tcny gbjnet tdbt cs baakwef tk gkve brkunf. Ct dbs oktd b nkrtd enf bnf b skutd enf. Nkrgbaay, wden ct cs nkt nebr ktder gbjnets, Lkgpbss Lkgp bss ct wcaa bacjn ctseai baknj tde gbjnetcl eaf lrebtef oy tde ebrtd. Vdcs \ gebns tdbt tde nkrtd pkae ki tde lkgpbss neefae cs bttrbltef tk tde skutd pkae ki tde ebrtd–s gbjnet. Nkw dere–s wdere ct jets b oct trclmy. Ebrtd dbs b jekjrbpdcl Nkrtd Xkae. Vdcs cs tde pable tdbt mcfs senf aetters tk \bntb bnf eaves dbppcay gbme tkys. Dkwever tde gbjnetcl skutd pkae ki tde Ebrtd cs lakse Gbjnet Gb jnet tk tde jekjrbpdcl Nkrtd Xkae. \k \bntb, dcs eaves, bnf _ufkapd acve bokve tde skutd enf ki ebrtd–s gbjnet. Vde lkgpbsses usef ikr tdcs bltcvcty dbve b ible tdbt N spcns sk tde ‑N‗ pkcnts tkwbrf tde jekjrbpdcl Nkrtd Xkae, kr cn ktder wkrfs, tkwbrfs \bntb. Cn bltubacty, tde enf ki tde lkgpbss ible gbrmef ‑N‗ cs bttrbltef tk gbjnetcl skutd. \k ci yku were tk orcnj b lkgpbss lakse tk tde skutd enf ki b obr gbjnet tde Lkgpbss Lkgp bss gbjnet wkuaf bttrblt tde ‑N‗ ki tde lkgpbss neefae. Kppkscte pkaes bttrblt.

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BLVCYCVS ?0 Fbnlcnj lkgpbsses Lurrent

Gbjnetcl fleaf

+

“ Zcre

Oelbuse lkgpbss bre ùst sgbaa gbjnets tdey lbn oe usef tk fk gkre tdbn nf ykur wby cn tde wkkfs, tdey lbn sdkw tde fcreltckn ki bny gbjnetcl eaf. Ze lbn use tdeg tk sdkw wdbt tde eaf brkunf b lurrent lbrrycnj wcre akkms acme. Oelbuse ki b lknventckn set oy Oen Irbnmacn tde fcreltckn ki lurrent cs tde fcreltckn pksctcve ldbrjes wkuaf gkve. Abter pdysclcsts aebrnef tdbt lurrent wbs bltubaay lbusef oy nejbtcve ldbrjes kwcnj, out Oen Irbnmacn–s lknventckn stulm bnf nkw even pdysclcsts pretenf tdbt ct cs tde pksctcve ldbrjes tdbt kw. Ci b wcre cs dkkmef tk b obttery, tde kw ki lurrent cs bwby irkg tde pksctcve enf ki tde obttery. obttery. Ci tde obttery cs turnef brkunf, tde lurrent ldbnjes fcreltckn. Vde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf brkunf tde wcre fepenfs kn tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent. Oelbuse gkvcnj ldbrjes lrebte gbjnetcl eafs bnf lurrent cs ùst gkvcnj pksctcve ldbrjes, tde lurrent wcaa lrebte b gbjnet eaf. Oy pablcnj lkgpbsses brkunf tde wcre bnf tden lknneltcnj tde wcre tk tde obttery, ct cs pksscoae tk see tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf.

Even tdkujd we dbve sbcf tdbt lurrent wcaa prkfulef b gbjnetcl eaf, we dbven–t sbcf wdcld fcreltckn tde gbjnetcl eaf wcaa jk. Vdcs expercgent wcaa jcve yku tde bnswer! \biety Bny tcge yku bre wkrmcnj wctd eaeltrclcty yku gust oe very lbreiua. Ci tde stcii wcre cs aeit lknneltef tk tde obttery tde wcre wcaa jet very dkt. Oe sure tk ùst quclmay tkuld tde obttery aebf tk tde wcre. Vde stcii wcre cs qucte sdbrp. Eye prkteltckn sdkuaf oe wkrn furcnj tdcs bltcvcty. Lkrrespknfcnj extensckn bltcvctces Jbavbnkgeter0 Oucaf b super sensctcve fevcle tk test ikr lurrent. <-F lkgpbss0 Gbme b lkgpbss neefae tdbt lbn gkve cn tdree fcreltckns cnstebf ki ùst twk. @ugpcnj Zcre0 Gbme b wcre ‑ùgp‗ wctd ùst b gbjnet bnf b obttery. Ocoackjrbpdy/\ujjestef reskurles Expakrbtkrcug \lcenle \nblms. Lcrlaes ki Gbjnetcsg dttp0//www.expakrbtkrcug.efu/snblms/lcrlaes[gbjnetcsg[C/cnfex.dtga

_euoen, Jborcea. Eaeltrclcty Expercgents ikr Ldcafren. Aknfkn0 \teracnj Xuoacsdcnj, 2398 _kocnskn, Vkg. Vde Everytdcnj Mcfs– \lcenle Expercgents Okkm. Bvkn, GB0 Bfbg–s Gefcb, ?882 Zbater Ienft. Gbjnetcl Iceaf ki b \trbcjdt Lurrent-Lbrrycnj Zcre Zcre dttp0//www.wbater-ienft.fe/pd22e/giwcre.dtg



\tufent–s Jucfe BLVCYCVS ?0 Fbnlcnj lkgpbsses Cntrk Nkw tdbt yku dbve aebrnef bokut acjdt ctseai, ykur next step cs tk aebrn bokut dkw lurrent bnf gbjnetcl eafs bre reabtef. Vesab usef tde reabtcknsdcp tk lrebte dcs ibgef BL jenerbtkr wdcld act tde ibcr. Sku bre b orbve scfemclm! Nkw yku gust lkgpaete tdcs bltcvcty tk nf tde next snebmy pcjekn bnf jet kne step lakser tk nfcnj baa kur derk–s tkkas.

Zden b wcre cs dkkmef up tk b obttery, obttery, lurrent kws tdrkujd tde wcre. Vdcs lurrent lbn fk akts ki tdcnjs acme acjdt acjdt ouaos bnf pkwer ykur rbfck. Out cs tdbt baa tdbt cs dbppencnj; Zden b obttery prkfules b lurrent, cs tdbt baa tdbt cs prkfulef; Cn tdcs expercgent yku wcaa use gbjnetcl gbjnetcl lkgpbsses tk nf kut wdbt ease dbppens wden lurrent kws. Gbtercbas n 2?-cnld stcii wcre nObttery dkafer n9 BB obtterces n4-cnld cnsuabtef wcre n6 sgbaa lkgpbsses nXdysclsRuest lbrfokbrf okx nVbpe

Mey Ruestckn Zden lurrent kws tdrkujd b wcre, wdbt dbppens tk gbjnetcl lkgpbsses pablef brkunf tde wcre;

Jettcnj stbrtef Zdbt tdcnjs brkunf yku bre gbjnetcl;

Zdbt fk yku tdcnm gbmes tdeg gbjnetcl; Akkm bt tde lkgpbsses, wdy fk yku tdcnm tde ‑N‗ bawbys pkcnts nkrtd; Lbn yku tdcnm ki ktder uses ikr lkgpbsses oescfes nf ykur wby cn tde wkkfs; Icnf ctegs cn tde rkkg tdbt gcjdt oe gbjnetcl bnf orcnj orc nj b lkgpbss nebr tdeg. Fkes tde lkgpbss ldbnje fcreltckn; Dkw fk yku tdcnm eaeltrclcty bnf gbjnetcsg bre reabtef; \ettcnj up tde expercgent 2. Xkme b dkae cn tde XdysclsRuest okx tkp bnf kne rcjdt unfer ct cn tde XdysclsRuest okx okttkg. ?. Xable tde 9 obtterces cn tde obttery dkafer. <. Xut tde okx kn cts scfe bnf put tde t de oablm aebf ki tde obttery dkafer dka fer tdrkujd tde dkae cn tde okttkg ki tde okx. Vdcs aebf cs lknneltef tk tde nejbtcve enf ki tde obttery. 6. Kpen ykur XdysclsRuest okx bnf put tde stcii wcre tdrkujd tde dkae cn tde tkp. 5. Lbreiuaay wrbp tde oablm obttery aebf brkunf tde enf ki tde stcii wcre. Gbme sure ct cs selure= tde getba ki tde aebf sdkuaf sdku af oe cn jkkf lkntblt wctd tde wcre. Vbpe tdeg tkjetder ci nelessbry.

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BLVCYCVS ?00 Fbnlcnj lkgpbsses

          



+ “



B B

+

“

B B



+ “

    

Biter lkgpaetckn ki tde fcbjrbg bokve= nkw lknnelt wcres

Frbw wdcld fcreltckn wdere tde lkgpbsses pkcnt biter yku lknnelt tde wcres.

9. Lakse tde okx bnf tbpe tde stcii wcre sk tdbt ct cs stclmcnj strbcjdt up kut ki tde okx. Oe sure tdbt tde oablm aebf cs stcaa selureay wrbppef brkunf tde okttkg ki tde wcre. :. Zrbp kne enf ki tde 4‗ cnsuabtef wcre brkunf tde tkp ki tde stcii wcre gbmcnj sure tde twk bre cn jkkf lkntblt. 4. Xable tde ikur lkgpbsses kn tkp ki tde okx surrkunfcnj tde wcre. Lkaaeltcnj fbtb Frbw b pclture ki ykur lkgpbsses. Gbme sure yku cnfclbte wdcld fcreltckn tdey bre pkcntcnj.

Vkuld tde iree enf ki tde cnsuabtef wcre tk tde ref obttery aebf bnf dkaf ct ikr 2 selknf. Nktcle wdbt dbppens tk tde lkgpbsses. Feslrcoe wdbt dbppenef tk tde lkgpbsses wden tde wcres were lknneltef bnf frbw b pclture. Gbme sure yku cnfclbtef tde fcreltckn tde lkgpbsses were pkcntcnj. Nkw yku wcaa cp tde obttery aebfs, wdcld wcaa ldbnje tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent kw.

Zrcte ykur bnswers oeakw0 Fetbld tde oablm aebf irkg tde okttkg ki tde stcii wcre bnf bttbld tde ref aebf cn cts pable. Vkuld tde oablm aebf tk tde cnsuabtef wcre ikr 2 selknf bnf bjbcn frbw ykur resuats. Zdbt wbs fciierent; Vrkuoaesdkktcnj Ci tde lkgpbsses fcf nkt gkve ct cs oelbuse lurrent cs nkt kwcnj tdrkujd tde stcii wcre. Ikr lurrent tk kw tdere gust oe jkkf lknneltckns bnf jkkf obtterces. Icrst, gbme sure tdbt baa tde wcres bre selureay lknneltef. \elknf, gbme sure tde obtterces bre nkt febf.



BLVCYCVS ?00 Fbnlcnj lkgpbsses Bnbayzcnj ykur resuats Zden oktd aebfs ki tde obttery were lknneltef tk tde stcii wcre, lurrent cs kwcnj. Lurrent kws irkg tde ref aebf ki tde obttery tk tde oablm aebf. Kn ebld ki tde pcltures yku dbve frbwn frbw bnf brrkw kn tde wcre tk sdkw wdcld fcreltckn lurrent cs kwcnj.

Zden tde wcre wbs lknneltef tk tde obttery wdbt dbppenef tk tde lkgpbsses; Zdbt gbmes tde lkgpbsses gkve; Cs ct tde eaeltrclcty cn tde wcre kr cs tde eaeltrclcty prkfulcnj skgetdcnj ease tk gbme tde lkgpbsses gkve; Bs yku ikunf kut bs yku were expakrcnj ykur rkkg wctd tde lkgpbsses, tde lkgpbss neefae wcaa bacjn ctseai baknj b gbjnetcl eaf. Gbjnetcl eafs jk cn b spelcl fcreltckn. Vde fcreltckn ki tde eaf cs sdkwn oy tde fcreltckn ki tde lkgpbss neefaes. Fkes tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent biielt tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf;

Zrcte ykur bnswers0

Ci yku dbf b wcre tdbt dbf b lurrent bnf b lkgpbss, lkuaf yku teaa wdcld wby lurrent wbs kwcnj, even ci yku lkuafn–t see b obttery; Dkw; Zden lurrent cs kwcnj tdrkujd b wcre, cs tde spble brkunf tde wcre egpty; Vdere cs nk rcjdt kr wrknj bnswer tk tdcs questckn. Fcsluss bnf tden felcfef kn bn bnswer bs b jrkup bnf ùstciy ykur bnswer tk tde labss. Uscnj ykur resuats tk deap Vesab acjdt tde ibcr.

Sku lbujdt ykur rst pcjekn bnf ikunf tde rst tkka stkaen irkg Vesab. Set bjbcn, yku gust oe kn tde gkve bnf ldbse bwby. Zden tde ref aebf irkg tde 2 ? obttery wbs lknneltef tk tde tkp ki tde stcii wcre, wdcld fcreltckn fcf ykur lkgpbsses pkcnt; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Xclture 2

Ldbse tde wdcte pcjekn

Xclture ?

Ldbse tde jrby pcjekn

Xclture <

Ldbse tde pcjekn wctd strcpes

Xclture 6

Ldbse tde pcjekn wctd b jrby debf bnf wdcte okfy

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XDS\CL\ RUE\V ?8840 Ncmkab Vesab bnf tde Eaeltrcl Eaeltrcl Ibcr

Bgerclbn Xdysclba \klcety • @bnubry ?883 ?883

Vesab bnf Zestcnjdkuse wbnts tk gbme tde wkraf run kn BL. C GU \V preven preventt tdbt irkg dbppencnj! nj! C dbve tkk guld tk akse. Vde lkuntry cs fepenfent kn gy FL systeg, C wkn–t aet tdbt ldbnje. C–aa sdkw everykne tdbt tde lkuntry stcaa neefs gy systeg.

C dbve ct! C ct! C wcaa gbme pekpae oeaceve tdbt BL cs fbnjerkus. FL cs acme b ‑pebleiua strebg‗ wdcae BL cs acme b ‑rbjcnj rcver. Sebd, tdbt–s ct! Vdbt's wdbt C–aa teaa tdeg. Nkw, dkw fk C gbme tdeg oeaceve; Vdey gust see tde fbnjer wctd tdecr kwn eyes. Ci tdey see wdbt ct lbn fk tk bn eaepdbnt, tdey lbn cgbjcne cts fbnjer tk pekpae.

C wcaa gbme tdeg sby tde bncgbas bre oecnj ‑Zestcnjdkusef,‗ ‑Zestcnjdkuse f,‗ Nkt ‑eaeltrklutef. Even dcs nbge wcaa ircjdten pekpae. Vdey wcaa pby ikr gesscnj wctd Vdkgbs Bavb Efcskn!

Efcskn–s nejbtcve X-_ lbgpbcjn wcaa nkt wkrm. Sku fk mnkw, mnkw, slcenle slcenle FK E\ bawbys wcn cn tde enf!

Efcskn jrbfubaay stbrts tk pabnt nejbtcve stkrces cn tde newspbpers bnf oy wkrf-ki-gkutd lknversbtckns. eventubaay, Zestcnjdkuse debrs bnf rebfs bokut tde untrue rugkrs. Vesab, dbve yku seen tdcs stkry cn tde newspbper;

Ct seegs tdbt Efcskn dbs oejun tk icjdt oblm. De–s uscnj kur BL systeg tk eaeltrklute abo bncgbas tk sdkw tde ‑fbnjers‗ ki BL. Ct wcaa oe b octter puoacl reabtckns obttae tk prkve tdbt BL cs b sbier baternbtcve, out C–g lknicfent we wcaa cn tde enf.

Vde wkraf wcaa skkn see wdbt C dbve lknlecvef bnf C mnkw everykne wcaa ldkse BL pkwer kver FL pkwer. \k paebse, aebve ge bakne, C gust jet oblm tk gy resebrld.

z z P z b w

LKNVCNUEF KN XBJE <2



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Vde wkraf's ibcr wbs deaf cn ldclbjk cn 243<. ct wbs tde icrst wkraf–s ibcr tk use eaeltrclcty. furcnj tde abte 2488s, ct wbs b lkgcnj-ki-bje erb ikr tde brts bnf brldctelture ki tde "Bgerclbn _enbcssbnle". bt tdbt tcge, gkst ki tde fkwntkwn oucafcnjs cn tde lcty were obsef kn neklabssclba brldctelture bnf gbfe ki wdcte stullk, tdcs jbve ldclbjk tde nclmnbge ‑tde wdcte lcty.‗ tesab bnf efcskn bask ocfs ikr westcnjdkuse tde aulrbtcve bnf aebrnef bokut cgpkrtbnt lkntrblt. bn enjcneercnj C lbn acjdt tde ibcr wctd lkgpetctckn tk gy FL systeg bnf gy ‑Acjdt up tde acjdt ouaos. Gy nbge ldclbjk–s wkraf ibcr‗. wcaa oe cn acjdts! Gy tdey mnew ci tdey jkt prcle cs $2,888,888, aet–s see Zestcnjdkuse tk fk tde dcjd prkicae oebt tdbt prcle! prkèlt, ct wkuaf jk ibr bt sdkwcnj tde puoacl tde cgpkrtbnle ki tdecr baternbtcnj lurrent systeg.

\k, wdbt bre yku tdcnmcnj;

Zctd ykur bsscstbnle, we ZCAA acjdt up Ldclbjk.

news bokut efcskn–s gcaackn fkaabr ocf jkt oblm tk westcnjdkuse bnf tesab.

Zestcnjdkuse, gy febr ieaakw, fkn–t pbncl. Sku gust dbve ibctd cn gy vcsckn.

Efcskn cs b pkweriua gbn. Ct wcaa oe fciicluat tk lkgpete wctd dcs ocf tk acjdt tde Zkraf–s Ibcr.

Zestcnjdkuse, akkm dere. Gy baternbtcnj lurrent systeg cs guld gkre eiiclcent tdbn Efcskn–s fcrelt lurrent systeg. Baternbtcnj lurrent cs bawbys ldbnjcnj. Ct iakws tk ebld acjdt ouao wctdkut akscnj pkwer.

Bnf Zestcnjdkuse, scnle gy BL systeg cs gkre eiiclcent, we wcaa knay ldbrje $588,888.

Efcskn–s fcrelt lurrent iakkfs tde wcres wctd eaeltrclcty tdbt nebray geats tde wcres. Bask, dcs wdkae systeg cs gbfe irkg expenscve lkpper.

Vesab, ykur lbaluabtckns bre bgbzcnj!

Jrebt! Vdbt–s dbai ki wdbt Efcskn–s ldbrjcnj ikr dcs systeg! Ze wcaa sureay wcn tde lkntrblt tk acjdt tde Zkraf–s Ibcr.

Kn tde ktder scfe ki tkwn, efcskn–s aebrns bokut westcnjdkuse bnf tesab–s oecnj bwbrfef tde lkntrblt tk acjdt tde wkraf–s ibcr.

Efcskn dbs puaaef dcs acjdt ouaos kut ki tde ibcr. Dkw bre we jkcnj tk acjdt tde ibcr wctdkut dcs acjdt ouaos;

De wbs bnjry tdbt dcs ocf wbs nkt blleptef, sk de tkaf tde ibcr kiiclcbas ... ‑\cnle gy FL systeg wcaa nkt caaugcnbte tde Zkraf–s Ibcr, tden nectder wcaa gy ouaos!‑

Nk wkrrces, C–aa ùst dbve tk gbme b acttae acjdt ki gy kwn. VK OE LKNVCNUEF

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Veblder–s Jucfe


BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up!

Cntrk Cn Bltcvcty ? stufents aebrnef tdbt gkvcnj ldbrjes cn tde ikrg ki lurrent lrebte b gbjnetcl eaf. Cn tdcs bltcvcty stufents wcaa aebrn tdbt b gkvcnj gbjnet gbjnet wcaa lbuse ldbrjes tk gkve. Vdey wcaa bask aebrn tdbt tde fcreltckn cn wdcld tde ldbrjes gkve fepenfs kn tde fcreltckn cn wdcld tde gbjnet cs frkppef. Vdese twk bltcvctces tkjetder fk b jkkf `ko caaustrbtcnj tde lknneltckns oetween eaeltrclcty bnf gbjnetcsg. Mey Ruestckn Zden b gbjnet cs frkppef tdrkujd b lkca ki wcre wdbt dbppens cn tde tde wcre; Fkes ct fepenf kn tde fcreltckn bnf speef ki tde gbjnet;

Mey Vergs Gbjnetcl eaf0 eaf0 B eaf tdbt cs prkfulef oy ectder gkvcnj ldbrjes kr b pergbnent gbjnet. Lurrent0 Gkvegent ki pksctcve ldbrjes Lurrent0 Fckfe0 B fckfe knay baakws lurrent tk Fckfe0 kw cn kne fcreltckn. Ct–s acme b kne wby street ikr lurrent. Egcttcnj Fckfe. Vdcs cs b type AEF0 Acjdt Egcttcnj AEF0 ki fckfe tdbt acjdts up wden lurrent jkes tdrkujd ct.

Cnfultckn0 Zden lurrent cs lrebtef Cnfultckn0 irkg b ldbnjcnj gbjnetcl eaf ct cs bn cnfulef lurrent. Vde prkless ki ldbnjcnj tde gbjnetcl eaf tk lrebte tde lurrent cs lbaaef cnfultckn. Fcrelt Lurrent (FL)0 Cn tdcs type ki pkwer tde lurrent never ldbnjes fcreltckn. Obtterces dbve tdcs type ki pkwer. Efcskn–s Efc skn–s pkwer systeg wbs FL. Baternbtcnj Lurrent (BL)0 Cn tdcs type ki pkwer, lurrent lknstbntay ldbnjes fcreltckn, acme wbter cn b wbsdcnj gbldcne. Zbaa sklmets jcve j cve tdcs type ki pkwer. pk wer. Vesab Vesab cnventef b wby tk pkwer lctces, cnlaufcnj Ldclbjk, wctd tdcs type ki pkwer.

Gbtercbas n Lbrfokbrf tuoe nAknj lkpper wcre nJreen AEF n_ef AEF n6 fcsm nekfygcug gbjnets n\teea sauj n\lcsskrs nVbpe n_uaer nXergbnent gbrmer Oeikre tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf mnkw … Ikr lurrent tk kw, tdere gust oe b skurle ki eaeltrclba enerjy, acme b obttery kr b wbaa sklmet.

Ikr b acjdt tk acjdt, tdere gust oe lurrent. Gbjnets dbve b nkrtd bnf b skutd pkae. Biter tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf mnkw… Gkvcnj b gbjnet tdrkujd b lkca ki wcre quclmay enkujd wcaa lbuse b lurrent tk kw.

Vde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent fepenfs kn wdcld pkae ki tde gbjnet jkes tdrkujd tde lkca rst. Vde bgkunt ki lurrent fepenfs kn dkw ibst tde gbjnet ibaas.



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BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up! Vde slcenle oedcnf cnfultckn

Usubaay we tdcnm ki b obttery kr wbaa pkwer bs tde knay wby tk gbme lurrent kw kw.. @ust lknneltcnj wcre tk b acjdt ouao wkn–t lbuse ct tk acjdt up= tdere gust oe b pkwer skurle, skgetdcnj tk pusd tde ldbrjes. Ct turns kut tdbt obtterces bnf sklmets bre nkt tde knay wby tk pusd pksctcve ldbrjes bnf lrebte b lurrent. Zden b gbjnet cs gkvef tdrkujd b akkp ki wcre tde gbjnetcl eaf tde wcre sees cs ldbnjcnj bnf tdcs ldbnje lbuses tde ldbrjes tk gkve. Vdcs cs b ibntbstcl bnf rbre exbgpae ki enerjy ki gktckn, gkvcnj tde gbjnet, oecnj ldbnjef cntk eaeltrclba enerjy. enerjy. Zden lurrent cs lrebtef oy gkvcnj b gbjnet tdrkujd b lkca ct cs sbcf tk oe bn ‑cnfulef lurrent.‗ Ibrbfby–s Abw cs bask lbaaef tde abw ki cnfultckn. Vdcs pdenkgenkn wbs fcslkveref oy oktd Gcldbea Ibrbfby bnf @ksepd Denry cn 24<2 out cs lbaaef Ibrbfby–s Abw oelbuse Ibrbfby puoacsdef dcs wkrm rst. Cn slcenle ct cs cgpkrtbnt tk quclmay puoacsd ykur fcslkverces! Ibrbfby bask fcslkveref tdbt tde fcreltckn cn wdcld tde gbjnet cs gkvef wcaa ldbnje tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent. \k ci yku frkp b gbjnet skutd enf rst tdrkujd b lkca tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent wcaa oe fciierent tdbn ci yku frkppef cn nkrtd enf rst. Bnktder cgpkrtbnt pkcnt cs tdbt tde bgkunt ki lurrent fepenfs kn dkw ibst tde gbjnetcl eaf cs ldbnjcnj. Ci tde eaf cs ldbnjcnj quclmay tde lurrent wcaa oe strknjer tdbn ci tde eaf cs ldbnjcnj gkre sakway. Ikr tdcs expercgent ct cs tde gkvcnj gbjnet tdbt gbmes tde gbjnetcl eaf nebr tde wcre ldbnje sk ci tde gbjnet cs frkppef quclmay tdere cs b ocjjer lurrent tdbn ci ct cs frkppef sakway. sakway. Vde AEF gust dbve b gcncgug lurrent tk gbme ct acjdt up. Even ci tdere cs skge lurrent prkfulef irkg b sakway ibaacnj gbjnet ct gby nkt oe enkujd ikr tde AEF tk acjdt. Skur stufents wcaa cnvestcjbte tdcs bnf nf tdbt tde gbjnet gust oe frkppef strbcjdt tdrkujd tde lkca bnf nkt sacf fkwn tde scfe ki tde tuoe tk gbme tde AEF acjdt up. Ci ldbnjcnj tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnet ldbnjes tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent, wdbt dbppens ci yku sdbme tde gbjnet oblm bnf ikrtd tdrkujd tde lkca ki wcre; Vde lurrent wcaa

AEF

Zcre

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Fcreltckn ki lurrent

Gbjnet

N

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Fcreltckn ki lurrent

Acjdts up!

Lurrent Zcre Lurrent -

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Iacp tde obttery .... ... nk lurrent iakw= nk acjdts.

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BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up! oe ldbnjcnj fcreltckn lknstbntay acme b wbsdcnj gbldcne. Vdcs type ki lurrent cs lbaaef baternbtcnj lurrent, kr BL. BL. Vdcs cs tde type ki lurrent tdbt lkges irkg kur wbaa sklmets. Vesab fescjnef b type ki jenerbtkr tdbt gkves gbjnets tdrkujd lkcas ki wcre tk lrebte lurrent bnf oelbuse ct wbs sk eilcent, tdcs cs tde type ki pkwer we use. FL, kr fcrelt lurrent cs tde type ki lurrent tdbt lkges irkg b obttery. Vde lurrent cs bawbys kwcnj cn tde sbge fcreltckn, acme b strebg. Efcskn fescjnef baa dcs systegs obsef kn tdcs type ki lurrent even tdkujd ct wbs aess eilcent tdbn bn BL systeg bnf cn tde enf ct wbs oebten oy Vesab–s Vesab–s BL systeg. Cnterestcnjay, tdkujd BL lkges cntk kur dkges, gkst ki kur eaeltrkncls bre fescjnef tk run kn FL pkwer. pkwer. Vdcs rst tdcnj tde lurrent pbsses tdrkujd cs b fevcle tdbt lknverts tde BL pkwer tk FL pkwer. Ct cs pksscoae tk see Ibrbfby–s abw ki cnfultckn uscnj b very strknj gbjnet, b lkca ki wcre bnf twk AEFs. AEF stbnfs ikr ‑Acjdt Egcttcnj Fckfe.‗ Zden lurrent trces tk kw cn kne fcreltckn ct wcaa pbss tdrkujd tde fckfe bnf gbme ct acjdt up. Dkwever, ci ct trces tk pbss tdrkujd cn tde ktder fcreltckn ct jets oaklmef bnf tde acjdt wkn–t acjdt. Oy bttbldcnj ? AEFs tk b lkca ki wcre ct cs pksscoae tk frkp b gbjnet tdrkujd tde lkca bnf wbtld tde AEF acjdt up. Ci tde AEFs bre bttbldef sk tdbt kne aets lurrent tdrkujd cn kne fcreltckn wdcae kne aets lurrent tdrkujd cn tde ktder ct cs pksscoae tk see wdcld fcreltckn tde lurrent cs kwcnj. Gbnuiblturers ki AEFs aet us mnkw wdcld wby lurrent lbn kw oy gbmcnj kne aej ki tde AEF aknjer tdbn tde ktder. Lurrent cs baakwef tk kw irkg tde aknj aej, tdrkujd tde AEF bnf tden tdrkujd tde sdkrt aej. Ct cs nkt baakwef tk kw irkg tde sdkrt aej tk tde aknj aej. _egegoer, lurrent kws irkg pksctcve tk nejbtcve sk ci tde aknj aej ki tde AEF were put bjbcnst tde pksctcve enf ki tde obttery bnf tde sdkrt aej bjbcnst tde nejbtcve enf, lurrent wkuaf kw bnf tde AEF wkuaf acjdt. Dkwever, ci tde AEF were cppef, wctd tde sdkrt aej kn tde pksctcve enf, lurrent wkuaf nkt kw bnf tde AEF wkuaf nkt acjdt. \biety Vde gbjnets usef bre qucte strknj. Ct cs very cgpkrtbnt tk oe lbreiua wden dbnfacnj tdeg. Ci twk bre orkujdt lakse tkjetder bnf pbrt ki b njer cs cn tde wby ct wcaa oe pcnldef. Fk nkt swbaakw tde gbjnets. Fk nkt orcnj tdeg nebr leaa pdknes, lkgputers, cXkfs kr lrefct lbrfs. Lkrrespknfcnj extensckn bltcvctces n Dkgegbfe obttery “ Use lkggkn dkusedkaf prkfults tk oucaf b obttery nGeldbnclba bsdacjdt‖ Use geldbnclba enerjy tk acjdt b bsdacjdt nZebrboae AEF “ Gbme b acttae acjdt ikr ykur sdcrt kr oblmpblm.



BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up! Ocoackjrbpdy/\ujjestef reskurles Nbtcknba Blbfegy ki \lcenles. @ksepd Denry dttp0//www.nbtcknbablbfegces.krj/dcstkry/gegoers/denry.dtga

Uncverscty ki Lkakrbfk bt Okuafer. XdEV prkjrbg dttp0//pdet.lkakrbfk.efu/scg dttp0//pdet. lkakrbfk.efu/scguabtckns/s uabtckns/scgs. cgs. pdp;scg7Ibrbfbys[Eaeltrkgbjnetcl[Abo

Mey Ruestckn Zden b gbjnet cs frkppef tdrkujd b lkca ki wcre wdbt dbppens cn tde wcre; Fkes ct fepenf kn tde fcreltckn bnf speef ki tde gbjnet;

Zkairbg _esebrld. Ibrbfby, Gcldbea dttp0//slcenlewkraf.wkairbg.lkg/ ockjrbpdy/Ibrbfby.dtga Uncverscty ki Ycrjcncb Xdyscls Fepbrtgent. AEF lkca dttp0//fegkabo.pdys.vcrjcncb.efu/fegks/fegks.bsp;Fegks7M&\uoèlt75&Fegk75M28.42#suotkpcl

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\tufent–s Jucfe BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up! Cntrk Sku–ve seen tdbt lurrent lbn lb n lrebte b gbjnetcl eaf out cs tdere t dere b wby tdbt b gbjnetcl eaf lbn lrebte lurrent; Cn iblt tdere cs! Ct cs tdcs cfeb tdbt cs tde obscs ikr Vesab–s pkweriua BL jenerbtkrs. Lbrfokbrf tuoe

Gbjnets

Vbpe tk tuoe

\teea sauj

Gbtercbas nLbrfokbrf tuoe nAknj lkpper wcre nJreen AEF n_ef AEF n6 fcsm nekfygcug gbjnets n\teea sauj nLkgpbss n\lcsskrs n Vbpe (eaeltrclba) n_uaer nXergbnent gbrmer

Zcre Frkp tde stblmef gbjnets fkwn tde tuoe

Jettcnj stbrtef Zdbt cs b ‑lkgpaete lcrluct‗; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Zdbt type ki tdcnjs lbn gbme lurrent kw cn b lcrluct; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Dkw gcjdt yku oe boae tk teaa ci lurrent cs kwcnj; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[ Lbn yku tdcnm ki b wby yku lkuaf teaa wdcld fcreltckn lurrent cs kwcnj; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ AEF

AEF

\ettcnj up tde expercgent 2. Use tde slcsskrs tk slrbpe tde lkbtcnj kii ki ebld enf ki tde lkpper wcre. ?. Xut b pcele ki tbpe 8.5-cnld irkg kne enf ki tde tuoe. <. Vbpe kne enf ki ykur wcre 2.5-cnld irkg tde sbge enf ki tde tuoe. Aebve tde slrbpef kii enf iree irkg tde tbpe. 6. Zrbp tde rest ki tde wcre brkunf tde tuoe gbmcnj sure tk meep ykur lkcas oetween tde twk tbpe gbrms.



BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up! 5. Use tbpe tk selure tde lkca. 9. Vwcst tde aknjer aej ki tde ref AEF brkunf tde sdkrter aej ki tde jreen AEF bnf gbrm tdcs scfe wctd b pergbnent gbrmer. :. Nkw twcst tde sdkrt aej ki tde ref AEF brkunf tde aknj aej ki tde jreen AEF bnf aebve ungbrmef. 4. Vwcst tde enf ki tde lkpper wcre tdbt cs tbpef tk tde tuoe brkunf tde gbrmef enf ki ykur AEF set up. 3. Vwcst tde ungbrmef enf brkunf tde ktder enf ki tde lkpper wcre. 28. Xut twk gbjnets kn ectder enf ki tde steea sauj (yku neef baa ikur gbjnets) 22. Use ykur lkgpbss tk jure kut wdcld enf ki tde gbjnet bnf sauj lkgocnbtckn cs nkrtd bnf gbrm ct wctd bn ‑N‗. Gbrm tde ktder enf wctd bn ‑\‗ ikr skutd. Lkaaeltcnj fbtb Dkaf tde tuoe bt b 65 fejree bnjae bnf sacfe tde gbjnet fkwn tde tuoe nkrtd enf rst. Zdbt dbppenef tk tde AEFs;

Nkw dkaf tde tuoe bt b :8 fejree bnjae bnf sacfe tde gbjnet fkwn tde tuoe nkrtd enf rst. Zdbt dbppenef tk tde AEFs; Nkw dkaf tde tuoe lkgpaeteay vertclba bnf frkp tde gbjnet nkrtd enf rst fkwn tde tuoe. Zdbt dbppenef tk tde AEFs; _epebt tdese tdree steps out tdcs tcge frkp tde gbjnet skutd enf rst. Zdbt dbppenef tk tde AEFs bt ebld step; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Vrcba

_ef act

Jreen act

65 fejrees, nkrtd rst

[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[

:8 fejrees, nkrtd rst

[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[

Yertclba, nkrtd rst

[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[

65 fejrees, sk skutd rst

[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[

:8 fejrees, sk skutd rst Yertclba, skutd rst

[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[

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<4

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BLVCYCVS <0 \dbme ct up! Bnbayzcnj ykur resuats Zdbt types ki enerjy fk yku see cn ebld step ki tde expercgent; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Dkw cs enerjy oecnj ldbnjef irkg kne ikrg tk bnktder; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ \kgetcges tde jreen AEF act up, skgetcges tde ref AEF act up bnf skgetcges nectder fcf. Zdbt cs tde pbttern yku sbw; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Zden fcf tde ref AEF acjdt bnf wden fcf tde jreen AEF acjdt; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Zdbt cs kwcnj cn tde wcre; Lbn yku teaa tde fcreltckn; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[Zdbt tdcnjs fk yku neef tk gbme tde AEFs acjdt up; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Lkuaf yku ever gbme tdeg acjdt bt tde sbge tcge; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Dkw wkuaf tde lurrent oedbve ci yku frkppef b gbjnet nkrtd enf rst bnf tden very quclmay frkppef b gbjnet skutd enf rst; rst; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Uscnj ykur resuats tk deap Vesab Sku dbve bagkst fkne ct ibctdiua scfemclm. Sku dbve ikunf ? ki Vesab–s tkkas bnf yku bre bokut tk ldbse yet bnktder pcjekn tk nf tde tdcrf Vdkse pcjekns bre ibst, out yku bre ibster. Nkw yku neef tk nf wdcld kne dbs Vesab–s tkka. Zden yku frkppef tde gbjnet nkrtd scfe rst wden tde tuoe wbs deaf vertclbaay, wdcld AEF act up; Jreen


_ef


Oktd


Nectder

Ldbse tde pcjekn wctd b wdcte okfy bnf jrby debf



Vesab gy oky, wdbt fk yku db ve ldurncnj cn tdbt orbcn ki ykurs; \ureay, we bre fkkgef. Ze bre kut cn tde iceaf wctdkut bn kx … sk tk spebm.

Vesab, bre yku lrbzy; C wbs knay gbmcnj b ibrger–s bnbakjy. Zdbt bre yku tbamcnj bokut;

<3

‗Vde Eaeltrcl Iceaf! Gcldbea Ibrbfby* feslrcoef tde eaeltrcl iceaf bs tde —Acnes ki Ikrle— lrebt ef oy eaeltrcl ldbrje. Vde eaeltrcl iceaf egbnbtes tdrkujdkut spble bnf icaas ebld ki us wctd b pktentcba tk lrebte acjdt.‗ * Gcldbea Ibrbfby wbs bn Enjacsd ldegcst bnf pdysclcst wdk pckneeref expercgents cn eaeltrclcty bnf gbjnetcsg. De estboacsdef tde obscs ikr tde gbjnetcl iceaf lknlept cn pdyscls.

Dere–s wdbt C–g tdcnmcnj= Efcskn lbn meep dcs kxen. Ze wcaa use tde ‗iceaf‗ tk acjdt up Ldclbjk! Fcrelt lurrent knay lrebtes b sdkrt puase cn tde eaeltrcl iceaf.

Gy acjdt ouaos lkntbcn jbses tdbt wcaa dbrness tde eaeltrcl iceaf bnf ckncze ct tk ikrg jakwcnj pabsgb.

Icabgent

FL

BL

Dkwever, gy baternbtcnj lurrent lrebtes wbves cn tde eaeltrcl iceaf tdbt lbrry enerjy tdrkujd spble bnf tcge tk ebld acjdt ouao.

Ze nkw ibst ikrwbrf tde stkry tk tde 243< Ldclbjk Zkraf–s Ibcr, Zdere Vesab–s BL eaeltrclba systeg cs cn pable. Xrescfent Jrkver Laeveabnf* cs bt tde gbcn stbje jcvcnj b speeld.

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Efcskn–s acjdt ouaos lrebte acjdt oy debtcnj b lbrokn icabgent untca ct jakws. Vdcs cs laebray tde orute ikrle getdkf. Jcven enkujd eaeltrclcty, bnytdcnj wcaa jakw, out very cneiiclcentay. Sku mnkw wdbt tdey sby bokut Efcskn, tde acjdt cs kn upstbcrs out nk kne cs dkge.

Ci b pbssenjer kn b trbcn lbrrces b ldbrjef obaakkn tden tde perskn kn tde egobnmgent wcaa koserve b gbjnetcl iceaf out tde pbssenjer wkn–t. Dkw lbn tdcs oe; Bs ykur prescfent, C wcaa strcve ikr equbacty bgknj baa koservers! Vkfby we bre egobrmcnj kn b new erb ki dugbncty tdbt wcaa aebf us tkwbrf tdcs jkba.

Efcskn–s ouao Vesab–s ouao

Vde baternbtcnj lurrent wcaa exlcte tde jbs 98 tcges cn kne selknf. Vdcs cs ibster tdbn tde eye lbn fetelt bnf tde gkst eiiclcent irequenly ikr tde jenerbtkrs.

Vkfby, yku–re bokut tk see tde iuture ki eaeltrc l pkwer. B ykunj cggcjrbnt nbgef Ncmkab Vesab ikaakwef tde Bgerclbn frebg bnf lknstrultef tde eaeltrclba systeg tdbt wcaa orcnj acjdt bnf tde gkfern wkraf tk kur lctces bnf dkges. Cgbjcne rcfcnj kn b qucet eaevbtef eaeltrcl trbcn, kr acjdtcnj ykur dkuse wctd tde iacp ki b swctld bnf turncnj ct kii wctd tde labp ki ykur dbnfs.

Abf ces bn f jentaegen, ae t–s acj dt up tdcs lcty!

** \tepden Jrkver Laeveabnf wbs oktd tde ??nf bnf ?6td Xrescfent ki tde Unctef \tbtes.

LKNVCNUEF KN XBJE 69

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Veblder–s Jucfe


BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea

Cntrk Cn bltcvcty < tde stufents sbw tdbt b gkvcnj gbjnet wcaa gbme ldbrjes gkve bnf lbuse b lurrent, wdcld acjdts b acjdt ouao. Cn tdcs bltcvcty stufents wcaa see tdbt lurrent gkvcnj tdrkujd b gbjnet wcaa lbuse tde gbjnet tk turn. Gbjnetcl gktckn lrebtes lurrent, bnf tden lurrent lrebtes gbjnetcl gktckn. Vdere cs nktdcnj acme uscnj bfvbnlef pdyscls tk spcn b pcnwdeea! Gbtercbas n L obttery n Nbca n Xcnwdeea tkp n Gbjnet n Cnsuabtef wcre n Vbpe (eaeltrclba) Oeikre tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf mnkw … Zden gbtercbas suld bs crkn lkge cn lkntblt wctd b strknj strkn j gbjnet tdey bask oelkge gbjnets.

Zden tdcnjs gkve ct cs oelbuse tdey ieea b ikrle. Lurrent cs tde gktckn ki pksctcve ldbrjes.

Mey Ruestckn Dkw lbn yku gbme b pcnwdeea turn uscnj b gbjnet bnf b obttery;

Mey Vergs Xergbnent gbjnet0 B suostbnle suld bs crkn tdbt prkfules b gbjnetcl eaf. B reircjerbtkr reircjerbtkr gbjnet cs b jkkf exbgpae ki tdcs type ki gbjnet. Lurrent0 Iakw ki pksctcve ldbrjes. Zden b lkgpaete lcrluct cs lrebtef wctd b obttery, lurrent kws. Gbjnetcl eaf0 eaf0 B eaf prkfulef oy ectder b pergbnent gbjnet kr b lurrent. Bt every pkcnt ct dbs oktd b strenjtd bnf b fcreltckn. Ikrle0 Koèlts gkve knay wden b ikrle cs bppacef tk tdeg. _bfcus0 Acne irkg tde lenter ki b lcrlae tk tde kuter efje ki tde lcrlae.

Biter tde bltcvcty stufents sdkuaf mnkw… Zden ldbrjes gkve cn b gbjnetcl eaf tdey ieea b ikrle

Vde fcreltckn ki tde ikrle tdey ieea cs reabtef tk tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf bnf tde fcreltckn cn wdcld tde ldbrjes bre gkvcnj. Vde slcenle oedcnf tde scgpae gktkr

Cn expercgent < tde stufents aebrnef tdbt wden gbjnets gkve tdey lbn lrebte b lurrent. Cn tdcs expercgent, ùst tde kppkscte dbppens. Dere, lurrent cs jkcnj tk kw tdrkujd b gbjnet bnf nkw tde gkvcnj ldbrjes tdbt gbme up tde lurrent wcaa ieea b ikrle wdcld gbmes tde gbjnet turn. Lurrent cs gkvcnj ldbrjes. Oelbuse ki Oen Irbnmacn–s Irbnmac n–s lknventckn we bawbys bssuge ct cs pksctcve ldbrjes gkvcnj, even tdkujd we rebaay nkw mnkw ct cs nejbtcveay ldbrjef eaeltrkns. Irkg nkw kn we bre ùst jkcnj tk bssuge tdbt tde pksctcve ldbrjes bre gkvcnj, tdbnm yku Oen.



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BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea Vde trclmy tdcnj bokut eaeltrkgbjnetcsg cs tdbt wden ldbrjes bre scttcnj stcaa tdey fkn–t cnterblt wctd b gbjnetcl eaf tdbt cs lknstbnt. \k bn eaeltrkn lkuaf dbppcay sct next tk b reircjerbtkr gbjnet ikrever bnf ieea nktdcnj bt baa. Out eaeltrclcty stbrts biieltcnj gbjnetcsg bnf vcle versb bs skkn bs kne stbrts ldbnjcnj. Cn expercgent < yku sbw wdbt dbppenef wden ct wbs tde gbjnet tdbt gkvef. Ct gbfe tde pksctcve ldbrjes cn tde wcre lkca gkve bnf lurrent kwef wdcld gbfe tde fckfe acjdt up. Vdcs bltcvcty wcaa akkm bt wdbt dbppens wden ldbrjes gkve tdrkujd b gbjnetcl eaf tdbt csn–t ldbnjcnj. Vdcs tcge tde gbjnetcl eaf cs prkfulef oy tde nekfygcug gbjnet sk ct wkn–t oe ldbnjcnj, out lurrent wcaa oe kwcnj sk ldbrjes bre gkvcnj. Ci ldbrjes sct very stcaa, b gbjnetcl eaf wkn–t biielt tdeg, out ci tde ldbrjes oejcn tk gkve tdey ieea b ikrle irkg tde gbjnetcl eaf. Vde fcreltckn ki tde ikrle fepenfs kn wdcld wby tde ldbrje cs gkvcnj bnf wdcld wby tde gbjnetcl eaf cs jkcnj. Vde cnterestcnj tdcnj cs tdbt tde ikrle tde pksctcve ldbrje ieeas cs nkt cn tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf kr ki cts gktckn, ct cs perpenfcluabr tk oktd. Vdcs ikrle cs lbaaef tde Akrenz ikrle biter Denfrcm Akrentz wdk fcslkveref ct cn 243?. Zden tde gktkr cs lknneltef bnf lurrent cs kwcnj tdere bre pksctcve ldbrjes kwcnj tdrkujd tde gbjnet. Furcnj tde bltcvcty tde fcreltckn ki lurrent wcaa ldbnje, skgetcges ct wcaa oe kwcnj fkwn tde nbca, tdrkujd tde gbjnet gbjnet bnf tk tde kutscfe efje ki tde gbjnet. gbjnet. \kgetcge ct wcaa kw irkg tde kutscfe efje tdrkujd tk tde gcffae bnf oblm up tde nbca. ctder wby tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent kw wcaa oe baknj tde rbfcus ki tde gbjnet. Vde gbjnetcl eaf pkcnts irkg kne bt scfe ki tde gbjnet tk tde ktder. Vde knay fcreltckn tdbt cs perpenfcluabr tk oktd tde gbjnetcl eaf bnf tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent cs tde fcreltckn tdbt wkuaf lbuse tde pcnwdeea tk spcn. Vdcs ikrle kn tde ldbrjes gkvcnj tdrkujd tde gbjnet cs sk strknj tdbt cs lbuses tde gbjnet bnf tdereikre pcnwdeea, tk turn. Vde ikrle cs bawbys cn b fcreltckn tdbt lbuses tde gbjnet tk turn, out ct fkesn–t bawbys turn cn tde sbge fcreltckn. Furcnj tdcs bltcvcty tde stufents wcaa set up tde gktkr cn vbrckus lknjurbtckns bnf see wdcld wby tde gbjnet turns. Bt tde enf ki tdcs bltcvcty ykur stufents bre bsmef tk nf b ruae tk prefclt wdcld wby tde ikrle wcaa pkcnt ikr b jcven gbjnetcl eaf fcreltckn bnf lurrent fcreltckn. Vdcs cs nk ebsy tbsm bnf tdey gby oe b oct stugpef out ct cs b jkkf exerlcse ikr tdeg tk tdcnm tdrkujd. Ci tdey lbnnkt bjree kn bn bnswer, tdey wcaa stcaa oe boae tk nf tde lkrrelt bnswer tk tde XdysclsRuest gystery. Bn expabnbtckn ki tde ruae ykur stufents bre bsmef tk nf cs jcven cn tde rst reierenle cn tde ocoackjrbpdy. Bpbrt irkg tde gbcn pdyscls cn tdcs bltcvcty tdere cs b acttae extrb pcele sdkwn wden tde nbca cs dunj irkg tde obttery. Zden b strknj gbjnet cs bttbldef tk lertbcn getbas ct gbmes tde getba koèlt gbjnetcl bs weaa. Cn tdcs lbse tde nekfygcug gbjnet cs bttbldef tk tde debf ki b nbca bnf tden tde nbca ctseai oelkges gbjnetcl. Skur stufents dbve prkoboay stugoaef blrkss tdcs oeikre wctd pbper lacps. Ci pbper lacps bre tkuldcnj b gbjnet, tdey bask oelkge gbjnets bnf lbn pclm up gkre pbper lacps. Oelbuse tde enf ki b obttery cs gbfe ki steea, wdcld wcaa baakw gbjnets tk stclm, wden tde gbjnet cs bttbldef tk tde debf ki tde nbca bnf nbca oelkges b gbjnet ct lbn dbnj irkg tde enf ki tde obttery.

62

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BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea Obttery

Xcnwdeea

Nbca

L Gbjnet Oblm ki pcnwdeea (aby iabt)

t n e r r u L

Gbjnetcl iceaf

Gbjnet

Gbjnetcl iceaf

Fetbcaef breb

Ikrle Lurrent



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BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea \biety @ust bs cn bltcvcty twk, ci tde wcre cs deaf ikr tkk aknj ct gby jet dkt. Knay tkuld tde wcre tk tde gbjnet aknj enkujd tk koserve tde fcreltckn ki tde spcnncnj pcnwdeea. Lkrrespknfcnj extensckn bltcvctces n\tebgrkaaer gktkr0 \pcn b obttery acme b gcnc stebgrkaaer nEaeltrcl wdcra pkka0 Zbtld wbter swcra uscnj eaeltrclcty nEaeltrcl trbcn0 Gbjnetcl wdeeas prkpea fkwn bn eaeltrcl trblm Ocoackjrbpdy/\ujjestef reskurles Ldcbvercnb, Ldrcstkpder, Vde \cgpaest Gktkr;, Vde Xdyscls Veblder 6? 55< (?886)

Xeter A. Ykjea Gbjnet-nbca Gktkr Xdyscls Kn-Acne dttp0//www.nfrs.krj/pdysclsknacne/gktkr/cnfex.dtg Denfrcm B. Akrentz Nkoeaprcze.krj dttp0//nkoeaprcze.krj/nkoea[prczes/pdyscls/aburebtes/238?/akrentz-ock.dtga

_kn Murtus Gbjnetcsg bnf tde Akrentz Ikrle. \ldkka ikr Ldbgpckns dttp0//www.sldkka-ikr-ldbgpckns.lkg/slcenle/gbjnetcsg[akrentz.dtg

6<

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\tufent–s Jucfe BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea Cntrk Vdcs cs ykur abst tbsm oeikre Vesab lbn acjdt tde ibcr. Sku, trusty scfemclm, dbve lkge b aknj wby. Sku dbve aebrnef bokut acjdt, gbjnetcsg bnf eaeltrclcty. Nkw, yku wcaa puaa tkjetder everytdcnj yku dbve aebrnef tk lrebte b gktkr tk turn b pcnwdeea. Ci yku bre up tk tde ldbaaenje yku wcaa trblm fkwn tde abst pcjekn bnf deap Vesab sbve tde fby bnf caaugcnbte tde jrebtest wkraf–s ibcr cn dcstkry. Ct cs up tk yku, fkn–t aet ykur derk fkwn!

Cn bltcvctces twk bnf tdree yku sbw tdbt lurrent lrebtes b gbjnetcl eaf bnf tdbt b ldbnjcnj gbjnetcl eaf lrebtes b lurrent. Cn tdcs bltcvcty blt cvcty yku jet tk nf kut wdbt dbppens wden ldbrjes gkve tdrkujd b gbjnetcl eaf. \dklmcnj! Gbtercbas nL leaa obttery nNbca nXcnwdeea tkp nGbjnet nCnsuabtef wcre nVbpe

Mey Ruestckn Dkw lbn yku gbme b pcnwdeea turn uscnj b gbjnet bnf b obttery;

Jettcnj \tbrtef Zdy fk tdcnjs gkve; Zdbt cs b ikrle;

Zdbt fcreltckn ki ikrle wkuaf lbuse skgetdcnj tk spcn; Zdbt types ki gktkrs lbn yku tdcnm ki; Zdbt fk tdey dbve cn lkggkn; Fk yku tdcnm b gbjnetcl eaf lbn biielt pksctcve ldbrjes ci tdey bre scttcnj stcaa; Zdbt ci tdey bre gkvcnj; \ettcnj up tde Expercgent 2. Use ykur lkgpbss tk jure kut wdcld enf ki tde bt nekfygcug gbjnet cs nkrtd bnf wdcld cs skutd. Use b pergbnent gbrmer bnf put bn \ kn tde skutd enf bnf bn N kn tde nkrtd enf. ?. Xut tde gbjnet kn tde debf ki tde nbca wctd tde ‑N‗ scfe bjbcnst tde debf. <. Vbpe tde pcnwdeea tkp tk tde ktder scfe ki tde gbjnet. 6. Vde nbca wcaa nkw oe gbjnetcl gbjnetcl tdbnms tk tde gbjnet. Dbnj tde nbca oy cts pkcnt irkg tde nejbtcve scfe ki tde obttery. 5. Dkaf tde obttery sk tde nbca cs dbnjcnj bnf iree tk gkve.



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BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea Lkaaeltcnj fbtb Frbw ykur set up, cnfclbtcnj wdere tde nkrtd bnf skutd enfs ki tde gbjnet bre bs weaa bs tde pksctcve bnf nejbtcve enfs ki tde obttery.

Nkw tkuld tde wcre tk oktd tde pksctcve enf ki tde obttery bnf tde gbjnet. Zcre

L

Zdbt dbppens; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[ Nkw dbnj tde gbjnet bnf nbca irkg tde pksctcve enf ki tde obttery bnf tkuld tde wcre tk tde nejbtcve enf bnf tde gbjnet.

Zcre

Zdbt dbppenef; Dkw fkes tdcs lkgpbre tk wdbt dbppenef oeikre; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Gbjnet

Sku dbve ldbnjef tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent kw tdrkujd tde gbjnet oy puttcnj tde nbca kn tde ktder scfe, oescfes ldbnjcnj tde lurrent, wdbt ease lkuaf yku ldbnje cn tdcs expercgent;

Lurrent

Ci yku sbcf tde gbjnet, jkkf `ko! Ci yku fcfn–t, jkkf `ko! Ze bre jkcnj tk see wdbt dbppens wden tde gbjnet cs cppef, out ci yku lbge up wctd skgetdcnj ease tk ldbnje, jrebt! Vry ct! Xuaa tde pcnwdeea tkp kii tde gbjnet bnf cp tde gbjnet sk tde ‑\‗ cs bjbcnst tde nbca debf, rebttbld tde pcnwdeea, bnf repebt tde expercgent.

L Lknnelt tde wcres

_elkrf ykur resuats cn tde tboae. Next tk ebld set up ldelm ectder laklmwcse kr lkunterlaklmwcse tk cnfclbte wdcld wby tde pcnwdeea turnef. Bssuge yku bre akkmcnj fkwn bt tde pcnwdeea. \e t- u p

Laklmwcse

Lkunter-laklmwcse

2. ‑N‗ kn nbca debf, nbca kn +

[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[

[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[ [[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[ [[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[ [[

?. ‑N‗ kn nbca debf, nbca kn “ Xcnwdeea spcns

<. ‑\‗ kn nbca debf, nbca kn + 6. ‑\‗ kn nbca debf, nbca kn “

65

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BLVCYCVS 60 Gbjnet pkweref pcnwdeea Bnbayzcnj ykur resuats

Frbw tde twk set ups tdbt gbfe tde pcnwdeea pcnwdeea turn laklmwcse. Gbme sure yku cnlaufe tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent. Frbw tde twk set ups tdbt gbfe tde pcnwdeea turn lkunterlaklmwcse. Gbme sure yku cnlaufe tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent. Zdbt ktder tdcnjs gcjdt yku oe boae tk spcn wctd b set up acme tdcs; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Zden tde lurrent wbs kwcnj pksctcve ldbrjes gkvef tdrkujd tde gbjnet. Vdese ldbrjes ieat b ikrle irkg tde gbjnet bnf lbusef tde gbjnet tk turn. Cn ebld lbse yku cnvestcjbtef, wdcld fcreltckn wbs tde ikrle; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Dkw fkes tdbt lkgpbre tk tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent bnf gbjnetcl eaf; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Lbn yku lkge up wctd b wby tk prefclt tde fcreltckn ki ikrle ci yku mnkw tde fcreltckn ki tde gbjnetcl eaf bnf tde fcreltckn ki tde lurrent; Uscnj ykur resuats tk deap Vesab acjdt tde ibcr0 Lknjrbtuabtckns! Sku dbve aebrnef bn bgbzcnj bgkunt ki pdyscls. Cn iblt, yku dbve expakref e xpakref tde pdyscls tdbt cs tde obscs ikr kur entcre eaeltrcl acie. Sku lrebtef acjdt wctd b gkvcnj gbjnet bnf gkvef b gktkr wctd b lurrent bnf b gbjnet. Sku aebrnef dkw acjdt trbveas tdrkujd gbtercbas bnf seen tdbt lurrent fkes gkre tdbn ùst acjdt acjdt ouaos, ct lrebtes gbjnetcl gbjne tcl eafs. Sku Sku bre b truay wkrtdy scfemclm bnf perdbps kne fby yku wcaa oe b pdyscls superderk wctd ykur kwn scfe mclm! Vesab wkuaf oe akst akst wctdkut ykur deap. Nkw yku dbve ùst kne gkre pcjekn tk nf. Zdcld Zdcld twk set-ups gbfe tde pcnwdeea turn lkunterlaklmwcse; Nkw jk ldbse tdbt pcjekn! Sku dbve fkne ct! _ebf kn tk nf kut wdbt dbppens bnf ci Vesab cs sbvef! Icrst bnf ikurtd set-up


\elknf bnf tdcrf set-up


Icrst bnf tdcrf set-up


\elknf bnf ikurtd set-up

Ldbse tde pcjekn wctd tde tde jrby debf bnf wdcte okfy



Gebnwdcae cnscfe tde Dbaa ki Eaeltrclcty.

Vesab quclmay sebrlde s tdrkujd tde gbze ki wcres bnf lboaes ikr tde sdkrt lcrluct.

Ncmkab lkge quclmay! C debrf b akuf ‑zbp‗ cn tde jenerbtkr rkkg. Baa ki tde vkatbje geters bre rebfcnj zerk bnf tde trbnsikrgers dbve lebsef tdecr dug. C tdcnm tdbt we bre expercenlcnj b oablmkut! Xerdbps b jactld lbusef b sdkrt lcrluct, C dbve Vde Xrescfent tk icnf tde prkoaeg= cs jkcnj tk press bnf C–aa neef tk feouj tde ‑kn‗ swctld tde pkwer systeg. bny gcnute nkw! C ùst wcsd tdbt C lkuaf icnf gy tkka okx. Vesab icnfs b wcre irbyef oy b pcjekn.

De smcaaiuaay relknnelts ct ùst cn tcge... Vdbnm jkkfness tdkse stufents were boae tk icnf ùst tde rcjdt tkka C neefef. Ze wkuaf dbve oeen fkkgef wctdkut tdecr deap!

Vde lrkwf pbuses bnf cs scae nt. Everykne cs bnxckus tk see wdbt–s jkcnj tk dbppen next.

\akway, kne-oy-kne, tde acjdts oejcn tk iaclmer.

Vden acme gbjcl, td e entcre breb cs caaugcnbtef wctd tde vcorbnt jakw ki Vesab– s ouaos.

Vde lrkwf erupts cntk b `kykus bppabuse.

... bs Xrescfent Laeveabnf iacps kn tde swctld.

Sku fcf ct! Sku act up Ldclbjk= ct–s oebutciua! Durrbd ikr Ncmkab Vesab!

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Uscnj XdysclsRuest cn tde t de Labssrkkg Vde XdysclRuest bltcvctces fcreltay lkrrespknfs tk gbny ki tde Nbtcknba \lcenle Efulbtckn \tbnfbrfs. Vde stbnfbrfs bffressef oy ebld ki tde bltcvctces bre acstef oeakw0 Bltcvctces 2-6 Jrbfes M-2? M-2?0 Unciycnj lknlepts bnf prklesses0 \ystegs, krfer, bnf krjbnczbtckn. Vdere bre pdysclba abws jkverncnj tde oedbvckr ki nbture tdbt exegpaciy cts krfer, prefcltbocacty, bnf rejuabrcty.

5-40 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy0 Unferstbnfcnjs bokut slcenle bnf teldnkakjy. \lcenle bnf Veldnkakjy bre relcprklba. \lcenle deaps frcve teldnkakjy, bs ct bffresses questckns tdbt fegbnf gkre skpdcstclbtef cnstrugents bnf prkvcfes prcnlcpaes ikr oetter cnstrugentbtckn bnf teldnkakjy.

M-2?0 Unciycnj lknlepts bnf prklesses0 Evcfenle, gkfeas, bnf expabnbtckn. \lcentcl expabnbtckns cnlkrpkrbte excstcnj slcentcl expabnbtckn. mnkwaefje bnf new evcfenle irkg koservbtckns, expercgents, kr gkfeas cntk cnternbaay lknscstent, akjclba

5-40 \lcenle cn persknba bnf sklcba perspeltcves0 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy cn sklcety. Veldnkakjy sklcety. Veldnkakjy cnuenles sklcety tdrkujd cts prkfults bnf prklesses. Veldnkakjy cnuenles tde qubacty ki acie bnf tde wbys pekpae blt bnf cnterblt.

Jrbfes 5-4 \lcenle bs cnqucry0 Use bpprkprcbte tkkas bnf teldncques tk jbtder, bnbayze, bnf cnterpret fbtb. Vde use ki tkkas bnf teldncques, cnlaufcnj gbtdegbtcls, wcaa oe jucfef oy tde questckn bsmef bnf tde cnvestcjbtckns stufents fescjn.

5-40 \lcenle cn persknba bnf sklcba perspeltcves0 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy cn sklcety. Veldnkakjy cnuenles sklcety tdrkujd cts prkfults bnf prklesses. Veldnkakjy cnuenles tde qubacty ki acie bnf tde wbys pekpae blt bnf cnterblt.

5-40 \lcenle bs cnqucry0 Vdcnm lrctclbaay bnf akjclbaay tk gbme tde reabtcknsdcp oetween evcfenle bnf expabnbtckns. 5-40 \lcenle bs cnqucry0 Feveakp feslrcptckns, expabnbtckns, prefcltckns, bnf gkfeas uscnj evcfenle. evcfenle. \tufents sdkuaf obse tdecr expabnbtckn kn wdbt tdey koservef, bnf bs tdey feveakp lkjnctcve smcaas, tdey sdkuaf oe boae tk fciierentcbte expabnbtckn irkg feslrcptckn. 5-40 \lcenle cn persknba bnf sklcba perspeltcves0 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy cn sklcety. sklcety. \klcetba ldbaaenjes kiten cnspcre questckns ikr slcentcl resebrld. 5-40 \lcenle bs cnqucry0 Fescjn bnf lknfult b slcentcl cnvestcjbtckn. \tufents sdkuaf feveakp jenerba bocactces, suld bs systegbtcl koservbtckn, gbmcnj bllurbte gebsuregents, bnf cfentciycnj bnf lkntrkaacnj vbrcboaes. 5-40 Dcstkry bnf nbture ki slcenle0 Nbture ki slcenle. \lcentcsts slcenle. \lcentcsts ikrguabte bnf test tdecr expabnbtckns ki nbture uscnj koservbtckn, expercgents, bnf tdekretclba bnf gbtdegbtclba gkfeas. BLVCYCVCE\ n Bltcvcty 20 Jea lrystbas M-2?0 Unciycnj lknlepts bnf prklesses0 Lknstbnly, ldbnje, bnf gebsuregent. Mnkwaefje ki gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbte bnf gebsuregent. lkggunclboae gebsuregent. Ldbnjes cn systegs lbn oe qubntcef. Gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbteay gebsurcnj ldbnje. M-2?0 Unciycnj lknlepts bnf prklesses0 Lknstbnly, ldbnje, bnf gebsuregent. Mnkwaefje ki gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbte bnf gebsuregent. lkggunclboae gebsuregent. Ldbnjes cn systegs lbn oe qubntcef. Gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbteay gebsurcnj ldbnje. 5-40 Nbture ki slcenle0 \lcentcsts slcenle0 \lcentcsts ikrguabte bnf test tdecr expabnbtckns ki nbture uscnj koservbtckn, expercgents, bnf tdekretclba bnf gbtdegbtclba gkfeas. 5-40 \lcenle cn persknba bnf sklcba perspeltcves0 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy cn sklcety. Veldnkakjy sklcety. Veldnkakjy cnuenles sklcety tdrkujd cts prkfults bnf prklesses. Veldnkakjy cnuenles tde qubacty ki acie bnf tde wbys pekpae blt bnf cnterblt. 5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Xrkpertces bnf ldbnjes ki prkpertces ki gbtter. B suostbnle dbs ldbrbltercstcl prkpertces, suld bs fenscty, b okcacnj pkcnt, bnf skauocacty, baa ki wdcld bre cnfepenfent ki tde bgkunt ki tde sbgpae. 5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Vrbnsier ki enerj y. Acjdt cnterblts wctd gbtter oy trbnsgcssckn (cnlaufcnj reirbltckn), boskrptckn, kr slbttercnj (cnlaufcnj reeltckn). 5-40 \lcenle bs cnqucry0 Use gbtdegbtcls cn baa bspelts ki slcentcl cnqucry. Gbtdegbtcls cnqucry. Gbtdegbtcls lbn oe usef tk bsm questckns= tk jbtder, krjbncze, bnf present fbtb= bnf tk strulture lknvcnlcnj expabnbtckns. Bltcvcty ?0 Gbjnetcl eaf brkunf wcre wctd lkgpbsses M-2?0 Unciycnj lknlepts bnf prklesses0 Lknstbnly, ldbnje bnf gebsuregent. Mnkwaefje ki gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbte bnf gebsuregent. lkggunclboae gebsuregent. Ldbnjes cn systegs lbn oe qubntcef. Gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbteay gebsurcnj ldbnje. n

5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Vrbnsier ki enerjy. Eaeltrclba lcrlucts prkvcfe b gebns ki trbnsierrcnj eaeltrclba enerjy wden debt, acjdt, skunf, bnf ldegclba ldbnjes bre prkfulef. Bltcvcty <0 Acjdtcnj bn AEF oy frkppcnj b gbjnet tdrkujd b lkca M-2?0 Unciycnj lknlepts bnf prklesses0 Lknstbnly, ldbnje, bnf gebsuregent. Mnkwaefje ki gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbte bnf gebsuregent. lkggunclboae gebsuregent. Ldbnjes cn systegs lbn oe qubntcef. Gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbteay gebsurcnj ldbnje. n

5-40 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy0 Unferstbnfcnjs bokut slcenle bnf teldnkakjy . \lcenle bnf Veldnkakjy bre relcprklba. \lcenle deaps frcve teldnkakjy, bs ct bffresses questckns tdbt fegbnf gkre skpdcstclbtef cnstrugents bnf prkvcfes prcnlcpaes ikr oetter cnstrugentbtckn bnf teldnkakjy. 5-40 \lcenle cn persknba bnf sklcba perspeltcves0 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy cn sklcety. Veldnkakjy cnuenles sklcety tdrkujd cts prkfults bnf prklesses. Veldnkakjy cnuenles tde qubacty ki acie bnf tde wbys pekpae blt bnf cnterblt. 5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Vrbnsier ki enerjy. Enerjy enerjy. Enerjy cs b prkperty ki gbny suostbnles bnf cs bssklcbtef wctd debt, acjdt, eaeltrclcty, geldbnclba gktckn, skunf, nulaec, bnf tde nbture ki b ldegclba. Enerjy cs trbnsierref cn gbny wbys. 5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Vrbnsier ki enerjy . Eaeltrclba lcrlucts prkvcfe b gebns ki trbnsierrcnj eaeltrclba enerjy wden debt, acjdt, skunf, bnf ldegclba ldbnjes bre prkfulef. Bltcvcty 60 \cgpae pcnwdeea gktkr M-2?0 Unciycnj Lknlepts bnf Xrklesses0 Lknstbnly, ldbnje bnf gebsuregent. Mnkwaefje ki gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbte bnf lkggunclboae gebsuregent. Ldbnjes cn systegs lbn oe qubntcef. Gbtdegbtcls cs essentcba ikr bllurbteay gebsurcnj ldbnje. n

5-40 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy0 Unferstbnfcnjs bokut slcenle bnf teldnkakjy. \lcenle teldnkakjy. \lcenle bnf Veldnkakjy bre relcprklba. \lcenle deaps frcve teldnkakjy, bs ct bffresses questckns tdbt fegbnf gkre skpdcstclbtef cnstrugents bnf prkvcfes prcnlcpaes ikr oetter cnstrugentbtckn bnf teldnkakjy. 5-40 \lcenle cn persknba bnf sklcba perspeltcves0 perspeltcves 0 \lcenle bnf teldnkakjy cn sklcety. Veldnkakjy sklcety. Veldnkakjy cnuenles sklcety tdrkujd cts prkfults bnf prklesses. Veldnkakjy cnuenles tde qubacty ki acie bnf tde wbys pekpae blt bnf cnterblt. 5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Vrbnsier ki enerjy. Enerjy enerjy. Enerjy cs b prkperty ki gbny suostbnles bnf cs bssklcbtef wctd debt, acjdt, eaeltrclcty, geldbnclba gktckn, skunf, nulaec, bnf tde nbture ki b ldegclba. Enerjy cs trbnsierref cn gbny wbys. 5-40 Xdysclba slcenle0 Vrbnsier ki enerjy. enerjy. Eaeltrclba lcrlucts prkvcfe b gebns ki trbnsierrcnj eaeltrclba enerjy wden debt, acjdt, skunf, bnf ldegclba ldbnjes bre prkfulef.

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PhysicsElectric Fair Teacher's Guide

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