UNIVERS UNIVERSIDAD ID AD DE D E C ARABOBO ARABO BO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE EDUCACIÓN ESC UE UELA LA DE EDUC EDUCAC AC IÓN IÓ N DEPART DEP ARTAM AM ENT NTO O DE IDIOM IDIO M AS M O DER DERNO NO S C ÁTE ÁTEDRA: G RAM ATIC ATICA A Y LING LINGÜÍS ÜÍSTICA IC A ING LESA ASIGNATURA: LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA
The te rm phonetics refers to the description of speech sound (how they are ma de , trans transmitted mitted and rec eived ). Whi While le the term phonology refe rs to the wa y tho se sou sound nd s a re o rg a nized nized into the th e ind ividua l languages.
Phonetics
Sounds
Articulatory (It stud ies how ho w sou sound nd s a re p rod uc ed ) Acoustic (It (It stud stud ies ho w sou sound nd s a re p erce ive d ) Segmentals (Co nson nsonaa nts & v ow els) els) Suprasegmentals (Stres (Stresss, rhythm , into na tion…) tion …)
Phoneme: it is the th e sm a llest llest un it
of spe spe ec h whic whic h has me aning. aning. (Consona (Consona nts an d vo wels) wels)
Allophone: It is is the va ria tion o f
a sound ound
honeme honeme .
Consonant phonemes:
BILABIAL STO P
LABIO- DEN TAL ALVEOLAR ALV EOLAR RET RETROFLEX ROFLEX A LVEOLVEO - PALATAL DENTAL PALATAL
/p/ /b/+ /f/ /v/+
FRICATIVE
/t/ /d/+ / S/ /Z/+
/ θ / / /+
AFFRIC AFFRIC A TE LATERAL
VELAR
GLOTTAL
/k/ /g/+ / ∫ / / / 3 / + / t ∫ / / / d 3 / +
/h/-
/l/+
NASAL
APPROXIMANTS
/m/+
/n/+
/w /*+ *NOTE: labio-velar * Voicing: voic ed (+) and vo iceless iceless (-)
/η / +
/r/+
Phone tic tic c riteria: iteria: 1. Point of articulation : bilabial, dental, labiodental, alveolar,
alveo -pa latal, pa lata l, ve la r, glo ttal, a nd uvular. 2. Manner of articulation : plosive, fricative, affricate, nasal, ap p roxim oxim a nt, laterals a nd retroflex. etroflex.
/j/+
3. Voicing : voice d and vo ic eless eless. Vowel phonemes:
Phone tic tic c riteria: iteria: 1. Height of t ong ue: high, high, mid, and low . 2. Part of the tongue involv involved ed : front, front, ce ntral, ntral, and ba c k. 3. Positi osition on of the lips: ips: round round ed and unround unround ed . EXERC EXERC ISES:
1) Ide ntify ntify the sound tha t do e s not fit fit into into the string. tring. Expla Expla in.
Speech sounds
m
p
b
θ
t
n
s
f
t∫
∫ ә
d i:
d3 e
u:
2) M a rk the two words that contain c ontain a sile ile nt consona consona nt.
brother listen writer cinema music house know
says book 3) Re Re a d the following following groups g roups of words, words, and a nd tra tra nsc nsc ribe ribe them. Then, Then, se se lec t which which word has ha s a d iffere ifferent nt sound. sound.
loo lo o k go o d b loo lo o d fo o t _____ _______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ __ dead mean bread head ____________________________ fru it su it ju ic e b uilt ui lt ______ _________ _____ ______ _______ ______ _____ ______ _____ _ so n s g irls dre d reaa m s bo o ks _____ ________ _______ ________ _______ ______ _____ ______ _____ _ p e n red re d t e n b e e _____ ________ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ __
4) Tr Tra nscribe nscribe the the followin following g sentenc es, a nd c irc irc le a ll bilab ial a nd frica frica tive tive sounds. ounds.
A c o up le o f b rus ru she s _______ ___________ _______ ______ _____ ______ _______ ______ ______ ____ _ I wis w ishh I c o uld se e a rea l w itc it c h _____ _______ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ___ She is at the store _________________________________ Pe t e r like li ke s drin d rinkin kingg Pep si ______ _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ __
5) Put a check √ next to the word that have front vowels, and circle the vowel phoneme.
____talk ____dollar ____wonder
____keep ____dream ____October
____already ____before
6) Des De sc ribe ribe the following following phoneme p honeme s.
/ e / ___________ _________________ ___________ _________ ________ _____ _ ____________ /η/___________________ / ∫/________________________________ / ә / ________________________________ ________________________________ / i:/________________________________
_____________ ________ _________ ___________ __________ ____ / d / _________ / t / ___________ _________________ ____________ ____________ _________ ___ / p / __________ ______________ _________ __________ _________ _______ ___ / w / _________ ______________ ___________ ____________ ___________ _____ / g / ___________ ________________ _________ ________ _________ _______ __
/u:/________________________________
7) Choos C hoose e the the c orre orre sponding phoneme p honeme for the following following c riteria. iteria.
Bilabial, stop, voiceless______ High, b a c k, roun roun d ed _____ ____ Lateral, alveolar______ Nasal, velar, voiced______
low, central, unrounded______ Frica tive , a lveo la r, voic ele ss____ ______ Ap p roxima nts, nts, pa lata l__ l______ _____ _ back, mid, rounded_______
8) C irc irc le a nd c orrec orrec t the e rrors in the the followin following g tra tra nsc nsc ribed ibe d sentenc es.
It is a lo l o st c a u se _________ _____________ _________ ___________ ___________ _________ _____ _ It is i s a ll righ rig h t __________ ________________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ______ I’ ve b e e n in The USA USA f o r tw t w o ye a rs ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ __ I c o o ked ke d o nio ns fo r lunc lun c h _____ _______ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ Th e p rinc e o f Pers Pe rsia ia ______ __________ ________ _______ ______ _____ ______ _______ ______ _____ __
9) Dec ode the the followin ollowing g me ssa ge .
Phonemic symbols represent the sounds of the English language. ______________________________________________ ______________________________ _________________________________ ____________________________ ___________ Using them c an b e a va luab luab le tool __________________________________________________ to imp roving roving your stud stud ent s' pronunc iation. _________________________________________________________ 10) De sc ribe ribe the following following phone me s (c onsona onsona nts & vowe ls). ls).
p k f e ∫
m g s i: n
b r z w m
v u t∫ l θ
