PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
Charmides, Cratylus Critias Crito Euthydemus Euthyphro Gorgias Ion Laches, or Courage Laws Lysis, or Friendship Meno Parmenides Protagoras The Republic The Sevent
Physics Generation and Corruption De Caelo [On the Heavens] Metaphysics De Anima (DA) [On the Soul] Parva Naturalia History of Animals Meteorology Progression of Animals Eudemian Ethics Magna Moralia Politics Categories De Interpretatione Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics Sophistical Refutations
John Dewey’s work
Rousseau’s work
Aristotle’s work
Plato’s work
The Confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau Discourse On the Origin of Inequality Emile, or On Education Essays The Social Contract Basic Political Writings Reveries of the Solitary Walker Julie, or the New Heloise
· Democracy and Education (1916) · How We Think, 2nd Edition (1933) · Experience and Education (1938) My Pedagogic Creed Art as Experience The School and Society/The Child and the Curriculum The Public and its Problems Reconstruction in Philosophy A Common Faith Human Nature and Conduct
Submitted to; Sir. Salman Shah Submitted by; Shumaila Hafeez Ghouri
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PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
Idealism Aims And Objective Of Education Develop each individual's abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society. 1-Self realization 2-Spiritual development. 3-Transmission and promotion of cultural heritage. 4-Cultivation of moral Values.
Stages of education
Education According to Idealism
Children should stay with their mothers Instruction for both 1---7 boys and girls. Children should Pre-Education be taught through music, play physical work, geometrical exercises
7---17 Gymnastics , literature, music The philosophical position of idealism Elementary elementary mathematics. is that: School
1. Reality is essentially mental and spiritual and not physical.
2. Nothing is real except that which exists in the mind.
3. Ultimate reality lies in a realm transcending phenomena. 4. The essential nature of reality lies in consciousness or reason. 5. Actions should attempt to approximate some preexistent idea of
17 ---20 Military Training
Cadetship and is related to physical and military training
skills in literature, mathematics and philosophy. During this stage, individuals should also spend five years studying dialectic. Study in dialectic,especially 30 --- 35 about ultimate principles of Fifth Stage reality Individuals were 35 ---50 qualified to perform their civic Sixth Stage duties and become rulers or philosophers. An individual should start 50---onward applying what they learned into 20--- 30 Higher Education
Metaphysical Epistemological Axiological Aspect Aspect Aspect The view that material things owe their existence to minds. Supreme power is the source of all knowledge. physical objects and physical events are "shadows".
Curriculum
Stress on spiritual The idealist concentrates environment. Values are on the mental an investigation absolute and development of the into the nature of unchanging. learner. unchanging objects. A discussion of Man is not how these objects the creator can be known of Values. through reason.
The curriculum emphasizes the study of the humanities.
"learning" it is actually just "recalling.".
The proper study of mankind, history, and literature are the center of the idealist curriculum. Pure mathematics is also included in the curriculum. The teacher occupies a crucial position in the idealist school. Curriculum should emphasis the higher values like truth beauty and goodness.
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PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION right conduct.
practical situations
Realism Aims And Objective Of Stages of Education education The basic purpose of education, in Realist educational theory, is to provide the learner with 1 to 5 the essential knowledge required for survival in the natural world.
The objective of life is to live a happy life.
Development of all part of personality.
Development of good habit is a crucial part of education.
5 to 7
7 to 14
14 to 21
Education According to Realism Child should let free. Children should be taught through through stories divine entities. Children should be taught through music, play physical work No interaction with slaves and labor. Child should lean manner and good traits. Physical exercise for physical development.
Metaphysical Aspect
Epistemological Aspect
The world is made of Knowledge is real, substantial derived through material entities. sense experience.
In material nature there are natural laws Objects exist which determine and independent of one's regulate the existence mind. of every entity in the world of nature Ultimate reality is Gymnastics , literature, world of physical music, exercise elementary object. mathematics. Geometry, astronomy, law, general, science, politics, philosophy, ethics mathematics and oration should be taught.
Axiological Aspect
Curriculum
Values are absolute and unchanging.
It should be subject-centered.
Things has and aesthetic Value.
Curriculum emphasizes the subject matter of physical world.
Highest good is to Subjects must include (i) be found human Science and Mathematics (ii) happiness. Humanities and Social Sciences; and (iii) Values. Knowledge can Observation and only be acquired experimentation. from scrutiny of observable data.
Physics, biology, logic and 21 onward metaphysical aspect of philosophy.
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PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
Naturalism Aims And Objective Of Stages of Education According Education education to Naturalism
Self-expression.
Birth to 5
Exercise and physical development.
Metaphysical Aspect
Experience and observation. Exercise 5 to 12 and physical development.
Opposition of Bookish knowledge. Negative Education.
Systematic education. mathematics, general The changing universe at science, painting music, every stage is a product of 12 to 15 wood works, social life these laws. and professional training.
Emphasis on the training of senses.
15 to 20
Preparation for the struggle for existence.
Curriculum
Education should be free It is based on the nature Values are from the bondage of of child, A child will Nothing exists beyond the eternal,value is that gather experience from rigid discipline under natural world. which children were which is natural. nature according to his tortured own demand. Nature is good and Natural laws are the rules Education is not a formal goodness will be It lays stress on subject that govern the structure and training but a natural found by living in that are helpful in biological process of behavior of the natural harmony with self-preservation. children. universe. nature.
Autonomous development of individuality.
Social and moral development.
Epistemological Aspect Axiological Aspect
Education should be within nature.
There is no Plan instruction that imperfection in can be implemented nature. Everything naturally in daily created by nature is family routines. good and inherit no evil.
Do not teach Metaphysical here refers to Values arise from human goodness, only the philosophical study of beings inter with nature. save from evil. the nature of reality. Naturalism is the doctrine which separates nature from God, subordinates spirit to matter and sets up unchangeable laws as supreme.
Emphasize skills that are functional now and in the future. It stresses basic science.Analyzing, with sense experience.
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PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION It emphasizes physical and health education.
Pragmatism Aims And Objective Of
Education
Stages of education
Education According to Pragmatism
Metaphysical Epistemology Aspect Aspect
Axiological Aspect
Curriculum
Impulsive Condemnation Opposition of curriculum should be based Curiosity, Play period,learns Negation of of formal eternal truth.. on principle of utility reading, writing and geography spiritual vales. education. and about social occupations.
“Pragma” which means activity or the work done.
4 to 8
No pre-determined aim of education. "Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself." —John Dewey
Analyze and incorporate, period of spontaneous 8 to 12 attention, solution of practical.
The curriculum should Opposition of incorporate the necessary pre-determined activities, vocation and values. experiences.
Learning by doing.
Period of reflective attention, 12 raise new problems and find onward out their solutions.
Truths are many.
Encourages original thinking and freedom to develop social and purposeful attitude.
Educational process should promote human welfare.
Project method of teaching.
Principles of pragmatism:
The teacher act as guide or instructor.
Changing nature of truth. Truth is formed by its result. Problems as the motives of truth. Emphasis on social and democratic values. Emphasis on the principle of utility. Opposition to fixed ideals and values. Importance of man power.
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PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION Importance of activity. Faith in present and future. Opposition to social customs and traditions.
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