NOTES IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Prepared by: Leo Improgo Tan III Literature is a “window of culture” that immerses the reader to a literary work with its elements namely character, setting, plot, themes and languages. Literature can be classified into two: . !arrati"e which contains #short no"els, prose, poetry and etcetera etcetera$$ %. &ra &rama matic tic wh which ich in inclu clude des s 'oth of these classifications pro"ide stage or e(perience that leads the reader to be in"ol"ed with the attitudes and thoughts of the characters. It makes you participate deeply unto looking into the world with the new set of attitudes, and through these the reader empathi)e and participate with the character which leads them to gain insights and understanding of another country, place or island. Literary enthusiasts confirmed the following key points: . Literature offers offers a uni*ue uni*ue aesthetic aesthetic + intellectual intellectual e(perience e(perience that pro"ides pro"ides percepti"e percepti"e insight into into mans e(istence within the artistic and intellectual boundaries of a literary framework which includes the literary e(perience. %. Literary e(perienc e(perience e then then fosters fosters cogniti"e and aesthetic maturatio maturation. n. -. It de"elops de"elops the readers ability to make critical critical and mature udgemen udgements. ts. /. It also also de"elop de"elops s the feeli feeling ng of of appreci appreciatio ation. n. 0. Literature with with a tremendous tremendous potential potential can offer offer for your linguistic, linguistic, cultural, and and aesthetic aesthetic knowledge knowledge and appreciation. 1lements of Prose23tory . 3etting 4 itit is the time time and place place of the action of of a story. story. 3etting 3etting is practically practically limitless because it changes from time to time. a. 3etting can be used to create mood mood or atmosphe atmosphere re within a story. story. b. 3ett 3etting ing c can an e(pres e(press s the write writers rs "iew "iew of the the world. world. %. 5haracter 5haracter 6 are people people and sometimes animal animal who who take part part in the action action of a literary piece. piece. 'asically 'asically the most important element of the prose. a. 5haracte 5haracters rs can be be a maor maor or a minor minor charact character. er. b. 7 cha characte racterr can can be clas classifie sified d into into two: two: . &ynamic28 &ynamic28ound ound 6 7 type of character that changes changes and de"elops all throughout throughout the story basically its changes in attitude. .% 3tatic29la 3tatic29latt 6 7 type of character character that stays the same all throughout throughout the story. story. c. Ther There e are are also also thre three e types types of chara character cter:: . Protagon Protagonist ist 6 The The main character character of a literary piece. piece. .% 7ntagon 7ntagonist ist 6 The character character who opposes opposes the main character. character. .- Prota47n Prota47nta ta 6 The character character who is the the bida and the the kontrabida kontrabida as well. d. riters has has fi"e basic techni*ues techni*ues in de"eloping de"eloping a character these are are the following following:: . 7 writer writer may may use physic physical al descript description ion to de"elo de"elop p a character character %. &esc &escripti ription on of action actions s may be used used to de"elo de"elop p a character character -. The dialogue dialogue spoken by a character is another another means means of of characteri)ation characteri)ation /. riters use direct direct comments comments from the narrator as means means of characteri)a characteri)ation. tion. 0. 5haracters may be de"eloped de"eloped through the speech speech and actions actions of other other characters characters in the the story. story.
-. Plot 6 refers to the arrangement of actions and e"ents in the story. These contains the e(position, rising action, clima(, falling action, and the resolution2denouement. 5onflict is the basis in creating a plot. a. There are types of conflict 1. External Conflict – a type of conflict where the character is struggling with other characters . man "s. society .% man "s. forces of nature .- man "s. supernatural ./ man "s. man %. Internal Conflict 6 a type of conflict where the character is ha"ing struggles with himself and his thoughts. . man "s. himself .% man "s. his thoughts b. These are the structure2parts of the plot: . 1(position 6 the e(planation that gi"es necessary background information, the beginning part. %. The rising action 6 where the conflict is de"eloped and tension was built. -. 5lima( 6 the most e(citing part where the decision is to be reached that determines the outcome. Interest and intensity is reached at its peak. /. 9alling action 6 Ties up the loose ends of the plot. The settling down. 0. 8esolution2&enouement 6 The part where the conflict is being resol"ed. /. Theme 6 The theme is main idea in a work of literature. It is the writers perceptions about life and human nature. It ser"es to unify the story, gi"ing purpose to the comments and actions of the characters and minor incidents. 0. Point of "iew 6 It is the perspecti"e from which a writer tells a story. The two basic points of "iew are first4person and third person. The first person uses the pronoun I, me, we, and our. The narrator is a part of the story he2she is present in all the e"ents. The third person point of "iew describes the e"ent outside the action. Third person can also be omniscient or all4knowing. ANCIENT LITERATURE
7. ;yth 6 a traditional story in prose concerning details of
7nimal Tale 6 a folktale using animals as characters 9olk 3peech 6 simplest form of oral literature, stories passed on from generation to generation. 8iddles 6 description of obects in terms intended to suggest something entirely different. Pro"erbs 6 short popular sayings that e(press effecti"ely some commonplace truth or useful thought. e. 9olk songs 6 "erses set into music by the members POETRY
. Ladino Poems 6 narrati"es that is considered as first tagalog "ersifiers and highly literate in both 3panish and "ernacular. >ne e(ample is “3alamat nang ?alang =angga” 6 twel"e stan)a poem in alternating Tagalog and 3panish Terms. Salamat nang ulang hannga gracias se den sempiternas, sa nagpasilang nang tala al que hizo salir la Estrella METRICAL ROMANCES
. 5orridos 6 were widely read during the 3panish period that filled the entertainment industry. These are e(tended "erse narrati"es based on tales brought into the country from 1urope. The structure is octosyllabic *uatrain and an e(ample of this is Ibong 7darna.
May isang ibong maganda Ang pangalan ay Adarna, pag narinig mong kumanta, sa sakit ay giginhawa. %. 7wit 6 same with corridos but it is a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and the setting may be 1uropean. The structure is in dodecasyllabic *uatrain, one e(ample is 9lorante at Laura. Ang taong magawi sa ligaya’t aliw, mahina ang puso’t lubhang maramdamin, inaakala pa lamang ang hilahil, na daratna’y di na matutuhang bathin. DRAMA
. Panuluyan 6 the seeking entrance, the Tagalog "ersion of ;e(ican Posadas. It is the dramati)ation of ;ary and @osephs search for lodging in 'ethlehem. %. 5enaculo 6 was originally the dramati)ation of the passion and death of 5hrist. -. 3alubong 6 1aster play where the 8isen 5hrist meets his ;other. /. ;oriones 6 participants who wears roman soldiers costume with grotes*ue colourful and wooden masks which on the latter do the beheading of the ;orion soldier which was taken in procession around the town by his fellow moriones soldiers. 0. Tibag or 3antacru)an 6 3anta 1lenas search for the cross where 5hrist died. It is also the de"otion to the =oly 5ross celebrated in ;ay. A. Pangagaluluwa 6 the interesting socio4religious practice on 7ll 3aints &ay which literally means for the soul. herein it is belie"ed that the souls in purgatory is released and will go begging alms on earth. SECULAR DRAMAS
. The Baragatan 6 open sea comes from a legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men "ying for the maidens hand. The woman drops her ring to the ocean, the man who gets the ring will get her hand in marriage. %. The &uplo 6 the forerunner of 'alagtasan. Two groups of young people are formed, one league for men and another for the women. The men are called as &upleros2'elyakos while the women are called &upleras2'elyakas. >ne elder will be called Punong 'elyakos or =ari which will preside o"er the proceedings. -. The 5omedia 6 play of lo"ers who has two different religions, one is 5atholic and the other is ;uslim. The catholic wins and and a propaganda tool will be made which was endorsed by the 9riars.
