Philippine Human Settlements Development and Planning
Philippine Human Settlements Development and Planning
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pdf on human settlements and town planningFull description
Philippine Studies
Human Growth and Development Theories 1. Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory 2. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development Theory 3. Havighurst’s Developmental Stage and Tasks 4. Levinson...
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PHILIPPINE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Date PRE-COLONIAL ERA
Settlement form/Function Planning Barangay – basic socio-political unit of 30-100 families composing a tribe ruled by kinship; arable land was held in common; decentralized; located along coastlines and riverbanks, stratified class system Ex., Manila, Cebu Muslim coastal settlement in Jolo – seat of Sultan of Sulu remained as large villages but untouched by colonialists, strong political and cultural structures.
Details Subsistence agriculture,: agricultural and fishing village with string trade functions: trade with other villages and externally with China, Brunei & Japan.
SPANISH COLONIAL ERA - MERCANTILISM
1564 1565 1571
July 3, 1573 1595 1596
1600s to 1700s
Expedition from Nueva Espana or Mexico Legaspi selected village of Cebu, a minor port-of call; moved to Panay because of Portuguese blockade Manila became capital and designated as ciudad with a population of 2000 and became dominant due to the galleon trade A few years later became the “Walled Cuty of Manila or Intramuros” due to insurrections and Chinese attacks Cebu, Naga Lallo, Panay and Vigan were designated as ciudades (cities) and villas (towns) which acted as urban c ontrol points for the colonial gov’t; priests founded their missions here to provide support and protection to the encomiendas; so they had ecclesiastical, military and political function; Introduces concept of “Private Property Ownership” and the Regalian Doctrine (all uncultivated lands reverted to the Crown) Laws of the Indies pronounced by King Philip II – Spanish town planning influenced by the Romans and the piazza planning of Italian Renaissance Manila raised to the rank of Archdiocese with bishoprics in Cebu, Lallo & Naga Social Stratification – Spanish friars became biggest landholders), native principalia who were coopted by colonialists into civil administration due to shortage of Spaniards, Chinese, landless masses and other f oreigners Spatial segregation along racial and social lines – separate districts outside the ciudad for Indios and Chinese developed in the environs of Manila and other cities Ex. Binondo – last Parian site for Urban Chinese These regional centers (ciudades and villas) remained in control throughout the period with the natives living on the unplanned outer fringes of the city Process of Hispanization (control, conversion and labor pool) through the founding of cabeceras (poblaciones) and visitas (barrios) – hundreds of concentrated mission settlements organized by the religious in the lowlands;
To exploit wealth to send back to Mexico and Spain through galleon trade Point of importation for the Tagalogs living inland around Laguna de Bay Encomienda system (right to collect annual tribute in specific areas called provinces supervised by the Alcalde Mayor) enforced to provide an income base for Spanish settlers and to control the natives
Parian or Market – spatial concentration of merchants and artisans to regularize the exchange of goods.
Reduccion – process of forming agglomerated settlements from scattered villages as applied in Mexico; debajo de las campanas church as military camp also