RENAISSANCE BATTLES 1494-170·0 Volume 2
by PETER SIDES
RENAISSANCE BATTLES 1494-1700 Volume2 by Peter Sides First Published May 1997 ISBN 1 87435118 X Copyright Gosling Press Gosling Press 35 Cross Street Upton Pontefract WF91EU
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INTRODUCTION Renaissance Battles Book II is the fifth book in a series of books that allows the wargamer to re-fight actual historical battles with his own preferred set of wargame rules. I have based this book on WRG De Bellis Renationis rules, and I have included explanations for troop types for other rule sets, including a standard key for troop types. My book gives enough information for you to-enact the battles described in a concise and compact way, covering why it took place, the forces engaged, given in elements and actual numbers of men, it gives a deployment guide and illustration of the battle's initial positions, the victory conditions and historical outcomes. Tue Battle map is drawn to scale and to simplify it I have used a standard set of symbols to represent the troop types: these are in the "bit at the back". My intention in producing these battles is to allow you the wargamer, to learn the reasons the battles turned out the way they did from actually refighting thei;n. In order to balance the game to produce an historical result I have used the 'command' ability in the armies to allow armies which were often smaller to win as they did historically. But you will find that the difference between victory or defeat is always very small. Renaissance Book I covered early Renaissance and the Italian wars. Book II continues that period in other theaters and extends it to cover the expansion of the Ottoman Empire; the French Religious wars in Europe and the struggles in Japan and Ireland up to the 1600, providing battles :from a few thousand men to massive affairs that would take the resources of an entire club to re-enact. I have provided a figure scale allowing you to change the size of the armies to fit your wargames armies on the table, but the bigger battles would make fine Demo games. Writing this book, I will be the first to admit this is not a major piece of historical work. Although the general history of the battle will be correct, exact 'orbats' and army compositions are often approximations as the actual list doesn't exist. History is like that. I have used WRG army lists to create the armies when information is lacking. And so if you have conflicting information, maybe :from a source I haven't seen, then change it. Historical accounts are often at odds with each other. This book is not written in stone and is not intended to be the definitive account. My only hope is that as you fight the battle you will come to understand the problems and blunders the real commanders had to face. Although this book is intended to re-enact battles it is also ideal for setting up your own battles with historical armies of the period. So if you don't want to be constrained by history, can you do better than the actual generals ?
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CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1488 ADANA OITOMAN v MAMLUKS 1516 MARJ DABJK OTTOMAN v MAMLUKS 1517RAYDANIYAH 01TOMANvMAMLUKS 1526 MOHACS - HUNGARY - OITOMAN INVASION 1561 KAW ANAKAJIMA - JAPAN 1562 DREUX - FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION 1567 ST. DENIS - FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION 1567 JARNAC - FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION 1567 FARSETMORE -ffiELAND 1569 MONCONTOUR - FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION 1570 ANEGAWA - JAPAN 1572 MJKATA-GA-HARA - JAPAN 1575 NAGASHINO- JAPAN1587 COUTRAS - FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION 1583 SHIZUGATAKE - JAPAN 1589 ARQUES - FRENCH RELIGIOUS WARS 1590 IVRY-FRENCHRELIGIOUS WARS 1595 CLONTIBRET - ffiELAND 1598 YELLOW FORD - ffiELAND 1600MOYRYPASS-ffiELAND 1600 SEKIGAHARA - JAPAN 1601 KINSALE-ffiELAND
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ADANA 1488 OTIOMAN verse MAMLUKS The Ottoman Empire had grown under Mehmed II al-Fatih (The conqueror), but had stalled in its drive westward with Mehmed's failure to take Belgrade in 1456. In 1468 the Ottoman empire re-absorbed Karaman extending its borders east to the Taurus Mountains and :finally removing the independent Anatolian emirates. This left only the Turcoman Confederation of the Al Koyunlu (White Sheep) as the major threat to the East. But Mehmed II died in 1481 and the struggle for succession between Bayezi.d II and his brother Jem greatly reduced the drive of the Ottoman offensive east towards the Safavid Empire. As part of the general Ottoman expansion an army of 60000 Turks under the vizier Ali Pasha crossed the Taurus mountains to invade Cilicia (Little Armenia). Cilicia was a vassal state of the Mamluk empire which stretched down through Palestine to and including Egypt. It is unclear if Ali Pasha intended a full scale invasion of the Mamluk Empire, but he only got as far as Adana on the Tapsus river when he was confronted by 40000 Mamluks. ARMIES MAMLUK O'ITOMAN Uzbey 40000 men Ali Pasha 60000 men 1. Uzbey CinC Si(S),30Si(S) A. Ali Pasha CinC Si(S)+ lOSi(S) 2. 14Bw(I),6Wb(O) B. 4Bw(I),4Hd(S),3Lh(S) C. 4Bw(I),4Hd(S),3Lh(S) 3. Sub-General Si(S), 7 Si(S) D. 6Art(S)+6FO. 24RBw(S) Karamanli allies 8Si(F},10Si(O) E. Karamanli Vassals. Ally General Si(F), 18Si(I), 18Lh(F) 4. Sub-General Si(S), I OSi(S), F. Anatolians 15 Si(O) Sinan Pasha Sub-Gen. Si(S) 8Si(0),18Lh(F) Figure Scale 1 Element equals 400 men. DEPLOYMENT Place the Ottomans first, Mamluks move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS A third of a command destroyed causes it to be broken. Two thirds of the army lost
equals defeat. The Ottoman camp equals two elements if lost.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Uzbey the commander of the Mamluk force considered his force to be inferior in both numbers, quality (only I 0000 were Mamluks , the rest where a mixed bag of Karamanli Turkish exiles, Arabs and Turcoman) and weaponry. He concluded his only hope lay in an immediate attack on the Ottomans who had only just arrived at Adana having descended the Taurus mountains. The battle started with an all-out Mamluk charge on the Ottoman lines. Ali Pasha had in fact deployed ready for battle well in advance of the Mamluk attack. The first battle to collapse was the Ottoman's right flank under Sinan Pasha. He was killed in the initial charge. The Anatolians turned and fled. On the left flank of the Ottoman army the Karamanli allies also turned and ran as the initial Mamluk charged thundered towards them. In the centre the massed artillery, chained together to form an obstacle, supported by the Janisseries halted the Mamluk charge. With both flanks now gone and the Karamanli allies only stopping to loot the Ottoman camp, vizier Ali Pasha was desperately trying to hold the centre, now almost surrounded. Uzbey at this point broke off the attack and allowed the Ottomans to retreat to their camp. The next day Uzbey brought forward his army only to find the Ottomans had gone, retreating back across the Taurus mountains.
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MARJ DABIK 1516 OTIOMAN verse MAMLUK
In the last years of Bayezid II and most of Selim I reign the Ottoman Empire expanded into the eastern countries. Temporarily halted from its pressure on the west internal conflict (the struggle for succession between Bayezid and his brother Jem) and pressure from the Safavids of Iran. The Safavids had became a major threat to the Ottomans by 1501. Selim I having defeated the Safavids of Iran at Caldiran in 1514 went on to annex Dhu'l-Qadr in 1515, bringing his empire to the borders of the Mamluk empire. Expanding down the Sinai towards Egypt, Salim faced the Mamluks at Marj Dabiq. The Mamluks had encountered the Ottomans before, at Adana in 1488, and halted their expansion into the Mamluk Empire. Tuman Bey confidant that again the Ottomans could be stopped marched to face a numerically superior much as had been done in 1488. ARMIES OTIOMAN 60000 men approximately 1. CinC Si(S)+ lOSi(S) 2. Azabs 3Bw(I),3Sh(F),6Hd(S) 3. Azabs 3Bw(I),3Sh(F),6Hd(S) 4. 4 War-waggons 5. 6Artillery (S) 6. 4Warwaggons 7.Sub-Gen Si(S) 9Si(0),9Si(I) 8. Janissary 6R.bw(S),6RSh(O). 9. 6Lh(S),2Lh(O), 18Lh(F). 9Lh(I) 10.Sub-Gen Si(S) 9Si(0),9Si(I) II.Janissary 6R.bw(S),6RSh(O). 12.6Lh(S),2Lh(O), 18Lh(F). 9Lh(I)
MAMLUK 40000 men approximately A CinC Si(S), 15 Si(S) B. 18Lh(O) C. 5Bw(I),6Sk(I),4Wb(O) D. 2Cm(F) E. Sub-Gen Si(S), 15Si(S) F. 6Lh(S) G. Sub-Gen Si(S), 15Si(S) H. 6Lh(S)
Figw-e Scale 1 Element = 400men DEPLOYMENT Place the Ottomans first. The Mamluks move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS One third of a command destroyed equals a broken command. Two thirds of the anny destroyed equals defeat.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME The Mamluks deployed as they normally would and appeared to have taken little interest in the Ottoman dispositions. The Ottomans for their part had changed their tactics since Adana in 1488. They now were to rely on fire power to defeat the superior Mamluk cavalry. The Mamluk charge quickly drove back the Ottoman light cavalry, who fell back to reform on the flanks of the Ottoman line. Now the Mamluks were faced with warwagons, artillery and massed arquebus and bows. The Mamluk charge was stopped dead in its tracks and then broken by the Ottoman counter charge from its cavalry waiting in the third line. Tuman Bey realised that the traditional way of fighting was not going to work against the Ottomans and he set about rapidly re-organising his army, building I 00 ox drawn war-wagons with arquebusiers and light copper cannons, recmiting sharpshooters and collecting all the heavy artillery from his cities he could muster. Trading tetTain for time Tuman Bey prepared his army to match Ottoman firepower with his own.
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RAYDANIYAH 23rd January 1517 MAMLUKS v OTTOMANS Sellin I expanding his empire down the Sinai towards Egypt, having defeated the Mamluks at Marj Dabiq capturing Aleppo and Damascus in 1516. By 1517 Sellin had advanced past Jerusalem and was marching on Cairo when the Mamluk Sultan Tuman Bey confronted him at the village of Raydaniyah. Tuman Bey had re-organised his army after his defeat at Marj Dabiq. Realising that the traditional Mamluk method of warfare was useless against the better armed Ottomans he had built 100 ox-drawn war-waggons carrying copper cannons and recruited camel riding sharp shooters. He also gathered all the heavy a1tillery from his cities and deployed them behind defensive earthworks in front of his army. The Mamluk position was to be based on a defensive line from Jabal al Ahmar (the Red Mountain) across Raydaniyah village and onto the irrigated land beyond, placing his artillery behind stone emplacements and his army behind earthworks.
ARMIES MAMLUK
O'ITOMANffURK
43000 approx A Tumen Bey, CinC Si(S)+ 15Si(S) B.12 Lh(O) C.3Bw(I);6Sh(I). D.3Bw(I);6Sh(I) E.4WWg F.4WWg G.4Art(S) H.Sub-Gen,Si(S)+ 15Si(S) I.12Lh(O) J. 2Cm(F), IAit(F)
68000 approx A Sellin, Cine Si(S)+ 10 Si(S) B. 12 Si(O): C.25Lh(F): D.15R. Sh(F) E. Sub-Gen. Si(S)+5Si(S) F.12Si(O): G lOLh(O); H.15R.Sh(F) I. Sub-GenSi(S)+ lOSi(S) J. 20Si(I); K20 Lh(F) L. 5Bw(I);5Hd(S) M.5Bw(I);5Hd(S) N. 8 Art(S)
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DEPLOYMENT Place the Mamluks first. The Ottomans should be just out of range of the war-wagons. All artillery (S) and war-wagons cannot move. Count the earthworks as a fixed obstacle.
VICTORY CONDITIONS For both sides; l/3rd of command destroyed breaks it, 2/3rds of the army lost routs the army. The camp = 4 Elements if lost.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Selim's army arrived at Birkat al Hajj a short distance from Raydaniyah on the 22nd January.. The Mamluks quickly manned the defenses at Raydaniyah, but Selim either by reconnaissance or treachery, learned of the defences and halted his army outside the range ofMamluk's lighter guns range. Advancing a third of his army with his artillery to pin the Mamluks in their defenses he marched the majority of his forces around or across Jabel Al Ahmar and fell on the Mamluk camp. It is unlikely this manouvre was totally unseen by the Mamluks but Tumen Bey was now forced to tum and fight the Ottomans in the open. Again as at Marj Dabik, the Ottoman superior firepower was to smash the Mamluk charges and the Mamluk army was swept away. Note. It is unclear as to whether Selim marched his Ottomans over or around Jabel Al Ahmar. If you choose the option of marching around Jabel Al Ahmer the Ottomans should arrive behind the Mamluk camp, you will have to extend the battlefield back for this.
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MOHACS 29th August 1526 HUNGARY v OITOMANS The Ottoman Turkish empire having secured its Arabic borders turned its attention to the Balkans. Suleyman I succeeding Selim I's reign by expanding into the Mediterranean and the Balkans, bringing him into conflict with the growing Hapsburg Empire. Ottoman pressure on the Christian Adriatic possessions had been growing for the past 20 years but Europe was wracked with internal power struggles as ~he Great Italian Wars' raged unchecked through central Europe. Hungary was seen as the main bulwark against Ottoman expansion into Europe and was theoretically a powerful nation under the Hapsburg Empire, but feudal anarchy and a weak king, Louis II, made Hungary ripe for invasion. In 1521 Suleyman captured Belgrade, his intentions were clear, but apart from weak calls from the Pope to throw back the Islamic armies, nothing was done and Hungary was further divided by peasant revolts and opposition to being under Hapsburg rule. In 1526 Sulimann advanced into Hungary with an army of 60-70000 men. Louis II could only muster 25000 men to face this invasion, meeting the Ottoman army on a marshy flat plain on the banks of the Danube. Strangely, Louis was anticipating reinforcements from Crotia and Transylvania but although currently outnumbered, he decided to attack.
ARMIES HUNGARIAN
OITOMAN TURK
12000 Horse. 13000 Foot 1. King Louis II, 1OOO Knights CinC,Ln(S),3Ln(O) 2. 3000 Feudal Knights, 8Ln(O). 3. 1600 Foot , 4 Bw(I) 4. 1600 Foot, 4 Bw(I) 5. 7200 Mercinaries,15Pk(0);3Sh0). 6. 20 Guns, 2Art (I). 7. Perenni 3000 Hussars,Ally-Gen,Lh(F),8Lh(F) 8. 1400 Foot, 2Bd(I),1Sh(I),1Bw(I). 9. Bathiani 3000 Hussars,Ally-Gen,Lh(F),8Lh(F) 10. 1400 Foot, 2Bd(I),1Sh(I),1Bw(I).
40000 Horse. 8000 Foot A. Sultan 5000 Guard Cavalry CinC,Si(S).12 Si(S) B.5000 Janissary Foot, Guard Cav 5R.Sh(F),8Si(S) C.5000 Janissary Foot, Guard Cav 5R.Sh(F),8Si(S) D. 2000 Azabs. 3Bw(I),2Hd(S) E. 2000 Azabs. 3Bw(I),2Hd(S) F. 80 Guns, 8Art(S) G. 11 OOORoumeliot Horse. Sub-GenSi(S), 27Si(O) H.10000 Anatolian Horse, 25Si(I) J. 4000 Bosnian Cav. S. Gen. Si( S), I OLh( S)
Figure Scale 1 Element = 400 men DEPLOYMENT Place the Turks first, Hungarians move first. The Ottoman artillery counts as an obstacle and cannot move. The marsh is difficult and the river is impassable VICTORY CONDITIONS 111e loss of a third of a command causes it to be broken, 2/3rds of the army lost counts as a rout.
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IDSTORICAL OUTCOME Louis having drawn his army up in battle order, waited for the Ottomans to come into sight. The Ottoman army was behind a slight hill and took some time to deploy. When it did the Hungarians could only see the front rank of Roumeliot horse. The Roumeliot cavalry did not advance until about 3 o'clock and was counter charged by the Hungarian front rank horse. A huge cavalry melee developed with the Hungarian second line of feudal cavalry joining in. The Roumeliot cavalry were driven up the hill and into the Anatolian Cavalry. The Hungarian cavalry having driven its way through the front lines Ottoman horse, came against the chained guns of the central battery supported by Janissaries and horse. The Hungarian cavalry charge halted unable to attack further. The supporting Hungarian foot, struggling to catch up with cavalry battle, were. attacked in the flank by the Bosnian horse and were halted. The Hungarian left flank gave way first falling back to marshy ground by the Danube to regroup. At this, the now static centre turned and fled. The worst of the slaughter was spared as the Sultan ordered his army not to pursue, but the Hungarian army lost nearly half its troops. King Louis drowned in the rout and most of the heavy knights fell under horses too exhausted to escape. The way to Vienna was now open to the Ottoman invasion but the Sultan did not continue his advance and withdrew. He may have believed the Hungarian army to be a vanguard of a much bigger army or he may have decided it was now too late in the year to continue. Hungary now relieved from threat of invasion got on with tearing itself apart in civil war. Page- 11
THE FOURTH BATTLE ofKAWANAKAJIMA 1561 THE AGE OF WAR The Samurai clans Takeda and Uesugi had been at war for eleven years, having fought four previous battles ofKawanakajima previously. Kawanakajima was a broad flat valley on the border between the two clans, were the rivers Saigawa and Chikumagawa meet. The previous battles had not resolved the conflict, as in each case the price of all out victory was a gamble on all-out defeat, which neither side was prepared to take. Takeda Shingen had seized power of the Takeda clan when his father had tried to disinherit him in favour of his younger son. Takeda Shingen, a brilliant soldier, then expanded his territory by defeating his neighburing Daimyo's. Murakami Y oshikiyo called for help from his northern neighbour Uesugi Kenshin, in the hope that as a combined force they could deter Shingen's expansion. But Uesugi demanded and got the overlordship over Yoshikiyo, he now had the forces to face the Takeda in a decisive battle. Uesugi marched on the important Takeda castle of Kaizu and camped on the mountain of Saijoyama. Takeda had to defend this castle or loose Kwanakajima. ill just 24 days Takeda faced Uesugi across the Saigawa river. But unlike before when the two armies each awaited the attack of the other, Takeda struck camp and occupied Kaizu castle. ARMIES UESUGI KENSHIN
TAKEDA SHINGEN Takeda Shingen 8000men CinC Bd(0);2Bd(0);4Ln(F) 2Sh(0);3Bw(I) Takeda Nobushige Sub-Gen Ln(F) 8Ln(F); 10Bd(0);5Bd(F);3 Sh(0);3Bw(I). Naito Masatoyo Sub-Gen Ln(F) 6Ln(F);5Bd(0);5Bd(F);2Sh(0);2Bw(I) Yamamoto Kansuke Sub-Gen Ln(F) 6Ln(F);5Bd(0);5Bd(F);2Sh(0);2Bw(I) Kosaka Masanobu 8000 men Sub-Gen Ln(F) 10Ln(F);20Bd(0);20Bd(F) lOSh(O);lOBw(I)
Uesugi Kenshin 15000men CinC Ln(F),6Ln(F) Kakizaki Izum-no-Kami Kagageie Sub-Gen Ln(F);10Ln(F),15Bd(O) 15Bd(F);5Sh(0);5Bw(I) Takemato Hirotsuna SubGen Ln(F) I OLn(F); 15Bd(O); 15Bd(F);4Sh(0);3Bw(I) Irobe Katsunaga SubGen Ln(F) lOLn(F); 15Bd(O); 15Bd(F);4Sh(0);3Bw(I) Onmi-no-Kami Kagemochi 3000men SubGen.Ln(F),5Ln(F)lOBd(O);lOBd(F) 3Sh(0);2Bw(I)
Figure Scale 1 Element = 1OOmen
DEPLOYMENT Place the Takeda first and the Uesugi move first. The River Chikumagawa is tricky except at the ford. The hills around Saijoyama are difficult other than on the track. VICTORY CONDITIONS The loss of l/3rd of a command causes it to be broken. The loss of 2/3rds of the army causes it to rout.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Takeda Shingen's gun-bugyo , Yamamoto Kansuke Haruyuki, had devised the plan of Operation Woodpecker. His idea was a dawn attack on the Kenshin army from front and rear, by deploying at night and sending a large force around the back of Kenshin's camp attacking them from the heights of Saijoyama. Unfortunately, as Shingen's army deployed during the night, Kenshin discovered the manoeuvre and deployed his army in tum. Takeda deployed in the kakuyoku 'Cranes wing' formation and Kenshin deployed in kuruma gakari 'winding wheel' formation, all this was performed on the plain before Kaizu in total darkness and without noise. Come the Dawn Takeda was charged head on by the Uesugi vanguard in a furious assault. The Takeda army held its ground but took mounting casualties as Kenshin used his numerical superiority to rotate his troops in the attack, sending in fresh formations as others tired. Masanobu, commanding the Takedia flanking force, arrived at the summit of Saijoyama, to see the battle on the plain below. Charging down to the ford to aid the Takeda army. Kagemochi guarding the ford with 3000 men could not hold Masanobu who broke through to attack the Uesugi army in the flank. By midday the Uesugi army had been forced to retreat back to their camp at Saijoyama. The next day they withdrew. The battle had been extremely bloody with both sides taking over 50% casualties.
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DREUX - 19th December 1562 THE FIRST FRENCH WAR of RELIGION The Italian Wars fizzled out in the 1540's and after followed a period of religious upheaval and the rise of Protestantism. The French monarchy no long held sole power in France and by 1560 the widow of Henry II, the Queen-Dowager, Catherine de Medici, played Catholic off against Protestant in order to remain on the throne. She hoped that her three weak sons, Francis, Charles and Remy could regain the power of the monarchy in the future. In France at this time the Protestants, called "Huguenots", lead initially by Louis of Bourbon, the Prince of Conde and the Admiral of France, Gaspard de Coligny. Opposing the Huguenots where the Catholic League, headed by the powerful Guise family, the Duke Francis and his brother, the Cardinal of Lorraine. The Catholic League where determined to stamp out this heresy in France and forced Catherine de Medici to issue various edicts against the Huguenots. This uneasy 'balance of power between Catholic and Huguenot finally erupted into civil war when a Protestant congregation was massacred at Vassey, on the lst March 1562, by soldiers ofFrancis of Guise.
The Catholic "Triumvirate" (Francis of Guise, the Constable of France Montmorency and the Marshal of France, St. Andre) seized the royal household to gain control of the royal forces and both sides requested troops from allies aboard. The Huguenots by July had seized Orleans and Beaugency and whilst still awaiting re-inforcements from Germany marched on Paris and offered battle. But the Catholics, awaiting Spanish troops from the Netherlands, refused to be drawn and the Huguenots moved off towards Le Harve, to collect English re-inforcements. The Catholics in Paris under Montmorency then pursued the Huguenots, overtook them and blocked their line of march at Dreux. ARMIES HUGUENOT FRENCH
CATHOLIC FRENCH 2000 Cavalry 16000 Infantry Montmorency CinC Ln(O) A. 860 d'Ordinance; 6Ln(O) B.300 Argoulets, 2Lh(I) C.3700 French Foot, 13Pk(I); 12Sh(I) D.4700 Royal Swiss,24Pk(S);8Sh(O) E. 8 GUNS; 2Art(O) St. Andre's Sub-Gen Ln(O) G.F.H each 400 Gendannes 3Ln(O) I. 3700 French Foot, 12Sh(I); 12Pk(I); lSk(O) J. 2200 Spanish Foot;7Sh(I);7Pk(O); 1SK(S) Kl 700 Landsknechts; 9Pk(0);3Sh(I). L.14 Guns, 3Art(O)
4000 Cavalry 9000 Infantry Conde's CinC Ln(S) 1)500 Gendanne,400 Argoulets,1500 Reiters 4Ln(S);3Lh(I); lOPi(I). 2) 3100 French Foot, l 4Sh(I),3Sk(S)4Pk(I) 3)1550 Landsknechts 8 Pk(O); 2Sh(I) 4) 1 Ln{S) Coligny Ally-General Ln(S) 5) 600Chevaux Leger;lOOOReiters; 4Ln(F), 7Pi(I) 6)2800 French Foot; 12Sh(I);3Sk(S);4Pk(I) 7)1500 Landsknechts 8Pk(0);2Sh(I)
Figure Scale I Element= 150men DEPLOYMENT Deploy the Catholics first. The Huguenots move first. Epinay is a fortified Built up area, Blainville is just a BUA The Catholic camp= 4 Elements if lost
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VICTORY CONDITIONS To be Broken Montmorency must loose 23 elements; St. Andre 21Elements;Coligny 14 Elements: Conde 16 Elements. The Catholic army routs on loosing 47 Elements. The Huguenot army routs on loosing 59 Elements.
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IDSTORICAL OUTCOME The Huguenot army marching without reconnaissance blundered into the wa1t111g Catholics and hurriedly deployed to awaited the Catholic attack As noon approached and the Catholics had not advanced, Conde ordered the attack Conde had deployed facing Montmorency, only realising the full extent of the Catholic deployment as he started to manoeuvre to his left, to outflank the Catholics. Montmorency seeing Conde exposing his flank in doing so advanced and Conde hastily turned to face. The initial Huguenot charge on the right broke through the Catholic cavalry, capturing Montmorency and the village ofBlainville and charged on to plunder the Catholic camp. On the Left Conde had hit the Swiss Infantry and had been repulsed. St. Andre tried to support the Swiss with his Gendarmes, only to have them broken by the German reiters. Several more charges by the Huguenots had not broken the Swiss and after the landsknechts and the final Huguenot cavalry reserve under Rochfoucault had failed, St. Andre launched a counter attack which broke the Huguenot infantry. Conde rallied some cavalry and charged St. Andre's Gendarmes, only to be unhorsed and captured. Coligny on the right had managed to gather his scattered horse and charged the flank of the Catholics, capturing St. Andre but failing to capture Epemay. The battle ended after Coligny's final assault on Epemay, with the Huguenots retreated three miles to Neuville. St. Andre was murdered after the battle and the Duke of Guise was be murdered at the siege of Orleans some weeks later. Shortly after this the peace treaty of Ambroise was signed and the war ended. Page- 15
St. DENIS lOth November 1567 FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION Catherine de Medici managed to maintain peace for the next five years. Her support towards Spain and the Spanish in the Low Countries, bolstered Catholic power. As a result the Huguenot leaders, Conde and Coligny, attempted to kidnap the Royal family at Meaux, only to be driven off by the timely arrival of a large body of Royal Swiss mercenaries, who then escorted the royal family back to Paris. The Huguenots having shot their bolt and failed to secure the royal family and the control of the royal forces, still went on to capture Montauban, Montpellier, Nimes, Valence, Veinne, Auxerre and Orleans, with Conde establishing his Headquarters at St. Denis, North of Paris blockading the capital. At this early stage in the conflict neither side was up to strength and both awaited re-inforcements. Conde did not anticipate the Constable of France, Montmorency, sallying out of Paris and so reduced his blockading force to a mere 3500 men. Faced with such a pitifully small force, the Constable had to give way to the calls from the population to attack and on the IOth November he sallied out the North gate. ARMIES FRENCH HUGUENOT 1500 Horse 2000 Foot. A Conde CinC.Ln(S)+4Ln(S) B. Coligny Ally.Gen.Ln(S)+4Ln(F) C. Genlis Ally.Gen.Ln(S)+4Ln(F) D. 8Pk(O). E.6Sh(I). F.6Sh(I). Re-inforcements ofDandelot 800 Horse, 2000 Foot. Ally. Gen.Lu( S)+7Ln(F) 3Pk(I);l 7Sh(I).
FRENCH CATHOLIC 3000 Horse 14000 Foot 1.CinC.Ln(0)+4Ln(O) 2.Ln(0)+4Ln(O) 3.4.5&6 4Ln(F). 7,8 3Lh(I) 9.Swiss 15Pk(S);5Sh(O) 10.Royal French Foot 6Pk(I);I4Sh(I) I I.French Foot. IOPk(I);IOSh(I). 12.Paris Militia 30 Hd(F)
Figure Scale I Element = I OOmen DEPLOYMENT Position the Huguenots first and move the Catholics first. St. Oven and Aubervilliers are both fortified built up areas. The trenches are fixed obstacles. The ground marked rough is type E terrain being enclosures and ditches to the outskirts of Paris. Dandelots force - Historically did not arrive that day, but certainly could have. So if you want to include them, treat as a flank march but arriving at point A The Seine is treated as an ordinary River at point A only and is otherwise impassable. Roll each tum needing a 6 to arrive. VICTORY CONDITIONS For each side a loss of l/3rd of a command indicates it is broken and 2/3rds of the army causes it to rout. Do not include Dandelot's force unless it arrives on board.
Page - 16
HUGUENOTS
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100 inches
HISTORICAL OUTCOME Conde had fortified a triangular base of St. Denis, St. Ouen and Aubervilliers, extending his flanks with trench earthworks. Montmorency advancing out of Porte St. Martin and St. Denis, formed into two lines. Though the Catholic attack found the Huguenot forces dispersed, with many of the troops on the wrong side of the river Seine, its slow advance past the outskirts of Paris allowed Conde to assemble What forces he had. The two armies finally formed up for battle in the afternoon, with the two cavalry forces facing each other. The Constable attempted to flank the Huguenot cavalry but in doing so came within range of the arquebus troops in the trenches and fortified village, who drove the cavalry back in disorder. At this Coligny and Genlis charged and drove the cavalry back into the infantry. Montpensiers column on the right held under this attack but the Paris militia fled back to Montmarte hill. Conde then charged head on into the Constable's Gendarmes mortally wounding Montmorency, who was rescued by his son. In the centre a furious cavalry melee ensued but numbers would soon tell against the Huguenots. As neither Genlis or Coligny could make an impression on the remaining Catholic infantry, Conde retired his cavalry back to St. Denis and the Catholics retired back to Paris. The next day, with Dandelots re-inforcements, Conde offered battle again. But with the Constable dying and in effect having been defeated the previous day, the Catholics declined battle. 111e war dragged on until March 1568 when a peace was concluded at Longjumeau. Page- 17
JARNAC 13th March1569 FRENCH WAR OF RELIGION The campaign of 1567 was a success for the Huguenots and the peace treaty of Longjumeau should have left them in a powerful position. The Treaty called for a disbandment of the armies ofboth sides. The Huguenot army disbanded, with many of its soldiers going to help fight the Spanish in the low countries. But the Catholics (now known as the Royalists) had not disbanded their army and in August attempted to kidnap Conde and Coligny at Noyers and forced the Queen-Dowager to withdrew all tolerance for the Huguenots. The Catholic Royalists had timed this 'coup de main' when most of the northern Huguenots were committed in the Low countries, supporting the Protestant Dutch against Spanish. Conde raised an army of 16000 men from the south of France to face the Royalists 20000 men, under Catherine's youngest son Henry of Anjou. The following campaign was indecisive costing both sides 6-7000 men each, mostly from desertion , but in the Spring of 1569 the army commander, Gespard de Tavannes, decided to drive the Huguenot army away from its recruiting grounds of Guyenne. The Huguenots held the north bank of the river Charente, with detachments holding the crossing at Chateauneuf. So Tavannes marched upstream to Cognac, drawing the Huguenot army with it, then, during the night, Tavannes doubled back to Chateauneuf and captured the undefended bridge. The Protestants at Chateauneuf rallied at Vibrac, but were brushed aside by the Royalist advance who forced a crossing of the river Guirlande and captured Triac before encountering the main Huguenot army.
ARMIES FRENCH ROYALIST
FRENCH HUGUENOT Coligny 900 Horse 4000 foot A)Ally GenLn(S)+5Ln(S) B)4 Lh(I). C)6Pk(I);34Sh(I). Conde 500 Horse 1500 Foot D)CinC.Ln(S)+5Ln(S) E)2Pk(I); 13 Sh(I)
Tavannes 2000 Horse 8000 Foot l)CinC.Ln(0)+8Ln(O) 2)La Valettes 6Lh(I) 3)Reiters 6Pi(0) 4)Swiss 22Pk(S);8Sh(I). 5&6) French Foot-Each 8Pk(I);l7Sh(I)
Figure Scale 1 Element = 1OOmen
DEPLOYMENT The Royalists are placed first and move first. Triac is a Fortified BUA. Conde's infantry must be treated as a flank march arriving along the River Charente. For Conde's Infantry dice a 6 to arrive at the point marked A. In the actual battle the Infantry never arrived.
VICTORY CONDITIONS The Huguenots must destroy 34 Elements to cause Broken and 68 Elements to cause rout. The Royalists must cause 17 Elements on Coligny and 7 Elements on Conde to cause broken and 34 Elements on Coligny and 14 Elements on Conde to cause rout.
Page-18
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME The Royalist forces captured Triac and were starting to engage Coligny's main force when Conde arrived from Cognac with his Gendarmes. Conde had left his infantry still marching and rushed on ahead. On seeing the situation, Conde immediately charged Anjous' horse throwing them back on the main body and Coligny's Light horse broke the Royalist light horse. The Huguenot cavalry charged on but could not break the Royalist infantry and Conde's Gendarmes were taken in the flank by Royalist reiters, Conde being captured. Coligny withdrew his forces as best he could and fell back on Cognac. Conde was murdered after the battle and the Huguenots had many of its leaders killed or captured. Most of the Huguenot forces made it back to Cognac which they held against Royalist attacks in October. The leadership of the Huguenots fell to Coligny but the titular leadership devolved to Conde's nephew, the fifteen year old Henry of Navarre.
Page- 19
FARSETMORE 1567 O'NEILS verse O'DONNELLS During the reigu of Queen Elizabeth I, England vied for power in Ireland against Shane O'Neil, who claimed to be the King of Ulster, and the Scottish O'Donnells. Elizabeth desired O'Neil to submit to her rnle in order for her to dominate Ireland. O'Neil required the support of Elizabeth to defeat the O'Donnells so that he could become rnler of Ireland. In an attempt to win over O'Neil, Elizabeth invited him to London, but O'Neil took her aid and money and remained his own man. Elizabeth at first would not tolerate any Scots in Ireland and so attacked them in Antrim between 1551 - 1557. 1hls pressure on the Scots allowed O'Neil's power to grow in Ulster. Alarmed, Elizabeth then supported the Scots, in order to prevent O'Neil gaining the upper hand and upsetting the balance of power in Ireland. Shane O'Neil began his attack on the Scots in tjie Autumn of 1564. He raided then attacked the McDonnell's in force and utterly defeated them near Ballycastle. This defeat did not banish the Scots from the North of Ireland. It did, however, allow Shane to expand his army to become the largest military force in Ireland by the unprecedented act of anning the common folk, normally too poor to bear arms. The Strnggle had now become a two way battle. Elizabeth re-inforced her English garrison and ai~ed the weakened Scots against Shane O'Neil's Ulster Irish and Scottish mercenaries. The English viceroy, Sir Henry Sidney, supported the O'Donnell's and with the Irish from the pale, invaded O'Neil's heartland of Tyrone in 1566. Though he failed to pin Shane down in battle, he did re-instate Calvagh O'Donnell to his old Lordship. Shane avoided Sir Henry's main force and attacked the garrison at Derry, which was a pyretic victory for Shane as most of his Scottish mercenaries returned to Scotland after Derry. Calvagh was succeeded by Hugh O'Donnell - Shane's sister's son who had fled Ireland when Shane took power. In the spring of 1567 Hugh O'Donnell attacked Shane's territory in Strabane. Shane mustered a large force and marched westward to punish the O'Donnell's of Tirconnell. He arrived at the great ford of the Swilly below Ardingary before Hugh O'Donnell could muster his forces. ARMIES O'DONNELLS SCOTS IRISH SHANE'S ULSTER IRISH 500 Horse 2000 Mercenary Foot. 1000 Horse 500 Mercenary Foot, 2500 Foot. CinCBd(0)+2SubGen.bd(O)&L(I) CinC-Ln(F);IOLh(0);5Bd(O); 1OWb(I);15Sk(I). 5Lh(0);20 Bd(O) Figure Scale 1 Element = I OOmen DEPLOYMENT Place Shane's camp and force first. O'Donnells move first. The river must be worst case for crossing under the rules. VICTORY CONDITIONS Shane must destroy 20 Elements to Rout 0 'Donnell's force and O'Do1mell must destroy I 0 Elements to cause Shane to be Broken and 20 Elements win. TI1e loss of Shane's camp equals 2 Elements. Page- 20
Shones camp
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Hugh O'Donnell was warned of Shane's attack. But as he only had as few as 500 men, his only hope was to delay Shane as he crossed the shallow waters of the Swilly. So Hugh sent his cavalry to attack Shane's force as it crossed the Swilly and retreated with his infantry into a safe position amongst bogs north of Aghanundhin hill.
The action at the crossing succeeded in delaying Shane's advance until the afternoon so, once across the Swilly, he set up camp. Unknown to Shane, Hugh O'Donnell had sent for his mercenaries. Soon Hugh's original force of Tirconnell men were supported by the three septs of galloglas of Clan Swiney. Shane may not have been aware of Hugh's gathering force, or may have preferred the ground he occupied, for he deployed his own line as Hugh's, now united, army approached. The two forces made no attempt at maneuver, but plunged straight into each other with each side's cavalry and foot fighting its opposite number. The battle was a medieval melee, but though Hugh's force was outnumbered its quality soon won through, for it consisted entirely of mercenaries. Shane's force, largely made up of armed commoners, broke and fled back towards the Swilly, but the Swilly is tidal and now, in the late afternoon, was impassable. Much of Shane's force died at the Swilly but Shane escaped. He was to die shortly after in a brawl with Scottish soldiers in Cushendun Co. Antrim. whilst trying to gain the Antrim Scots' support against the O'Donnells. Page - 21
MONCONTOUR 3rd OCTOBER 1569 FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION The Huguenot defeat at Jamac, allowed the Catholic army to cut the supply of troops from the south of France. Fortunately, by then the Huguenot re-inforcements were coming from the North, with 6000 Reiters, 4000 Landsknechts and 2000 Huguenots, marching from the Rhine, commanded by Duke Wolfgang of Zweibrucken. These reinforcements arrived around the end of May, having foiled three attempts by the Royalists to stop them and after storming La Charite on the upper Loire. In June Wolfgang linked up with Coligny at Chaluz, near Limoges, but died of a seizure and his Second in Command, Wolfrad of Mansfeld, took his place. The Royalists had also received re-inforcements, including the Dukes of Aumale and Nemours, but morale was low and so many of the minor nobility deserted their commander Tavannes, he was unable resume the offensive until more troops from Italy and the Netherlands had anived. In fact, had the Huguenots attacked during this period the Royalist army would have fallen apart. Fortunately for the Royalists, Coiigny too had problems with his army, most of the Huguenot cavalry were the Noblesse from the west who were reluctant to travel for from their lands. Also the army favoured reducing the fortress of Poitiers, which occupied the Protestant army for six weeks. In September, in order to relieve Poitiers, Tavannes advanced on the Huguenot supply base at Chatelherault, forcing the Huguenots to retire from Poitiers and both armies now manoeuvred to gain an advantage. Coligny finally settled on the fortified town of Moncontour, but Tavannes turned his flank by marching along the River Dive through Grimandiere. Coligny realising his danger and tried to withdraw to Ervault, behind the river Thoue, but he was to slow and his column was intercepted by the Royalists. ARMIES FRENCH HUGUENOT
FRENCH ROYALIST
6000 Mounted 12000 Foot l 5Light Guns A)Coligny CinC Ln(S}+4Ln(S);8Pi(I) B)Gendarmes 3Ln(S}+Reiters 6 Pi(I) C)3Ln(F}+6Pi(I}+2Sh(I)8Pk(O), 16Sh(I) D)Nassau Ally-Gen.Ln(S}+ lOPi(I) E)3Ln(S), lOPi(I) F)3 Ln(S ), 8Sh(I}+ 22Pk(0 ), l 2Pk(I),3 7Sh(I) G)4 Ln(S), H)5SK(O);nl5Sk(O);J)3Art(I)
7000 Mounted 16000 Foot 12 Guns. l)Monpensier Sub.Gen Ln(0}+5Ln(0),5Pi(n 2)5 Italian Ln(O); 5 French Ln(F); 5Lh(I) 3)Italian 8Pk(0),6Sh(I); Swiss 12Pk(S), 3Sh(n;Frenchl2Pk(I),38Sh(I) 4)5Ln(O); 5)2Art(I) 6)Anjou, CinC,Ln(O}+ 15Ln(O) 7)5Ln(O); 8)10Ln(F); 9)10Ln(F) IO)Swiss 3Sh(I); 12Pk(S); French 12Sh(I),28Pk(I)
Figure Scale 1 Element = 100 men DEPLOYMENT. Position the Huguenots first, Royalists move first Tue Grange is a BUA. You may start as the armies initially deployed, or as the battle started with Nassau+ 1OPi(I) with Coligny. VICTORY CONDITIONS 111e loss of a third of a command will cause it to be broken. 2/3rds of the army lost will cause rout. Page- 22
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Coligny turned his army to face the Royalist attack, which was slow to materialise. So Coligny occupied the Grange between the two armies and requested Louis of Nassau to send over additional reiters to his flank. Louis brought them over personally leaving the main battle leaderless. Montpensier, delaying until Anjou's main battle had started to advance, cleared the Huguenot skirmishers away from the Grange and repulsed a Counter attack by Coligny's first line of cavahy. Montpensier needed re-inforcing on engaging Coligny's second line and was utterly broken by Coligny's third line of Reiters. Coligny was wounded at this point and the Huguenot attack stalled. On the opposite flank Henry of Anjou had charged the Huguenot horse but had been repelled and the Huguenot cavahy found itself facing Swiss pike, which it failed to break. At this the Huguenot cavahy had had enough and decided to withdraw, leaving its infantry to be slaughtered, particular the landscknecks who begged for mercy to no avail from the Swiss. TI1e defeat at Moncontour was not followed up by the Royalists and Tavannes fell from favour. Peace was signed at St. Germain on 8th August 1570.
Page- 23
ANEGAWA 1570 THE AGE OF WAR Oda NobWlaga in the ten years that followed the battle of Okehazama had grown to prominence as a statesman and general Having secured an alliance with Tokugawa Leyasu, NobWlaga effectively controlled the Tokaido coastal road to the Capital Kyoto. This position put him in favour with the Emperor Ogimachi and this influence allowed NobWlaga to expand against Mino province, controlled by Yoshitatsu's son Tatsuoki. By 1565 NobWlaga had taken Mino province and moved his capital to the fortress of Saito renaming it Gifu. Oda's expansion had brought him into to conflict with Asai-Nagamasa, who also had desires on Saito Tokaido's lands and had already been at war with Tokaido. Asi-Nagamasa had expected to take half of Saito's domain but was halted by NobWlaga's success. Although NobWlaga avoided war with Nagamasa through diplomacy, in 1568 NobWlaga installed the new ShogWl Yoshiaki, in Kyoto, by force. Asakura Yoshikaga of the Echizen province, refused to obey the new ShogWl and NobWlaga, splitting his army, marched against Asakura's main fortress at Ichijo-ga-tani, leaving the rest of his forces to besiege Kanagaski. Nobunaga having arrived at Ichijo-ga-tani foWld he had fallen into a trap, Asai-Nagamasa had formed alliance with Yoshikaga against him and he was now trapped between their two armies. ARMIES ASAI NAGAMASA ODA NOBUNAGA I.Asai Nagamasa CinC. Ln(F) A)Oda Nobllilaga. CinC Ln(F) 10000 men 23000 men. 8Ln(F);20Bd( 0);1 OBd(F); 13Ln(F);35Bd(0);20Bd(F); 10Sh(0);2Bw(I). 20Sh(0);10Bw(I). 2.Asakura Sub-Gen. Ln(F) B)Toyotomi Hideyoshi Sub-Gen.Ln(F) 5000 men 5000men 5Ln(F);8Bd(0);7Bd(F);6Sh(O) 4Ln(I); 10Bd(I);5Bd(F);4Sh(I);2Bw(I) 3.Yoshikage Sub-Gen Ln(F) C)Tokugawa Leyasu Sub-Gen. Ln(F) 5000 men 5000men 4Ln(L);l0Bd(0);5Bd(F);5Sh(0);1Bw(I) 4Ln(F);10Bd(0);5Bd(F);3Sh(0);3Bw(I) Figure Scale 1 Element = 200men
DEPLOYMENT Place Nagamasa forces first and move first. The Anegawa river is classed as paltry as it conferred no advantage and both sides fought in it as opposed to using it as an obstacle. VICTORY CONDITIONS For both sides, if a third of a command is lost it is beaten. If the aimy loses two thirds of its total strength it is broken
Page - 24
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120 inches
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Asai Nagamasa moved rapidly to cut Nobunaga off from his base at Kyoto and Gifu but failed to prevent Nobunaga from making it back to Kyoto before the trap could be closed. Nobunaga having re-organised his army marched on Asai Nagamasa's castle of Odani. Halting at the Anegawa river, to await re-inforcements from Leyasu, he was confronted by the combined armies of Asakura and Nagamasa.
Oda Nobunaga intended to fight Asai Nagamasa personally and during the night rearranged his army to be on the same flank as his adversary. It was light at 4am in the morning and both sides advance into the Anegawa river to start the battle. Nobunaga outnumbered Nagamasa but his forces contained a contingent of samurai from lands formally owned by Nagamasa and so he placed these men in the centre of his army under his most trusted commander Hideyoshi and used his superior numbers to give his formations greater depth to face the enemy charges. The battle split into two actions, with Leyasu fighting Asakura and Yoshikage and Nobunaga fighting Nagamsa further down stream. Leyasu flanked Asakura forcing them to withdraw back across the Anegawa. Asakura to cover his retreat sent forward a retainer Makara Jurozaemon Naotaka to challenge the enemy to single combat. He was killed by four brothers of Mikawa province but Asakura gained time to withdraw in good order. Nobunaga's forces had been driven back at this time but Leyasu turned and attacked Nagamasa in the right flank, and Nobunaga threw his reserve onto his left flank routing Nagamasa's forces.
Page- 25
MIKATA-GA-HARA 1572 THE AGE OF WAR Takeda Shingen having concluded his struggle against Uesugi Kens~ after the fifth and final battle of Kawanajima, was to now find himself threatened by the rising power of Oda Nobunaga. Shingen a Buddhist monk vowed to revenge Nobunaga's destruction of the warrior monks at Mount Heil, that had opposed him, and to replace Nobunaga as the warlord of Kyoto. To this aim Shingen set about forming alliances to protect his borders and rather than confront Nobunaga head on, he set his sights on Nobunaga's ally Tokugawa Leyasu. Leyasu had recently moved his headquarters to Hamamatsu. Shingen struck first. Shingen's first objective in Tokugawa territory was the castle of Futamata which by a torturous route, he attacked from the north. To cover this attack he sent Yamagata Masakage and 5000 men east into Mikawa, capturing the important castle of Yoshida and cutting any aid to Tokugawa from the west. Leyasu had received reinforcements from Nobunaga but was still outnumbered three to one. Though Nobunaga advised Leyasu to avoid Shingen's army, Leyasu was determined to fight him in the open and led his army out as Shingen army approached Hamamatsu Castle.
ARMIES TOKUGAWA LEYASU
TAKEDA SHINGEN Takeda Shingen CinC Ln(F) 15000 men l lLn(F); 15Bd(O); 15Sh(0);30Bd(F);4Bw(n Oyamada Nobushige Sub-Gen Ln(F) 4000 men.5Ln(F);5Bd(0);5Bd(F);5Sh(O) Naito Masatoyo Sub-Gen Ln(F) 4000 men 5Ln(F);5Bd(0);5Bd(F);5Sh(O) Takeda Katsuyori. Sub-Gen Ln(F) 4000 men 5Ln(F);5Bd(0);5Bd(F);5Sh(O) Baba Nobuharu. Sub-Gen Ln(F) 4000 men 5Ln(F);5Bd(0);5Bd(F);5Sh(O)
Tokugawa Leyasu CinC Ln(F) 4000 men 5Ln(F);4Bd(0);4Sh(0);4Bd(F);3Bw(n Mikawa Generals Sub-General Ln(F) 3000men 2Ln(F);3Bd(0);6Bd(F);3Sh(O) Oda Generals Sub-Gen Ln(F) 3000men 2Ln(F);3Bd(0);6Bd(F);3Sh(O) Saka Tadatsugu Sub-Gen Ln(F) lOOOmen 1Ln(F);2Bd(0);2Bd(F)
Figure Scale 1 Element = 200men
DEPLOYMENT Place the Tokugawa first; Takeda move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS The loss of a third of a command causes it to be broken, two thirds of the army lost, leads to defeat.
Page - 26
IAKEDA TAKEDA SHINGEN
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Shingen deployed his army in a Fish Scales formation which suggests a series of overlapping lines as his vanguard was four commands deep. Leyasu's generals on seeing the Takeda host again urged Leyasu to withdraw into the castle but Leyasu was detennined to face Shingen head on and occupied the plain of Mikata-Ga-Hara before the defile that led to Hamamatsu castle. At about 4 o'clock with a light snow falling Tokugawa opened fire on the advancing Takeda samurai. The initial charge of the Takeda was held by the Tokugawa left and centre but much of the Oda contingent withdrew leaving Saka Tadatsugu to hold the flank. Shingen then withdrew his leading commands to replace them with fresh troops and on seeing the Tokugawa line fall back ordered a general advance.
Leyasu was for fighting on but driven back in the melee towards the castle. At the castle Leyasu ordered the gates to remain open and a huge brazier lit to guide his troops back. The Takeda troops seeing this suspected a trap and held off stonning the castle. Leyasu then ordered a night attack on the encamped Takeda troops and led the pursuing Takeda troops across a ravine I OOft deep killing a large number. Shingen realised Leyasu was not a man to give in and withdrew rather than conduct a winter siege.
Page- 27
NAGASHINO 29th June 1575 THE AGE OF WAR Early in 1573 Takeda Shingen returned to Tokagawa territory, after his victorious but unsuccessful battle ofMikata-Ga-Hara the previous year. Invading Mikawa province he laid siege to Noda Castle. The Tokagawa defenders decided to get rid of all the sake in the castle and when Shingen approached the ramparts, to listen to a samurai playing the flute, he was shot dead by a more sober and vigilant guard. The war with Oda Nobunaga now fell on Shingen's son Takeda Katsuyori. Shingen's death was kept quiet for two years, but once it was announced Okudaire Sadamasa reverted back to the Tokugawa clan and was placed in command of the important fortress of Nagashino. This was Leyasu's bait for Katsuyori to swallow. Katsuyori had his own plan. He bribed Oga Yashiro to open the gates of Okazaki castle and planned the fall ofMikawa province on this treachery. But as he approached Nagashino his plan was discovered. Katsuyori now instead of avoiding the trap as he planned, he march straight into it and besieged Nagashino. Oda and Leyasu marched on the besieging Takeda army helped by the self sacrifice ofTorii Suneemon, who slipped through the Takeda army to Oda and returning to Nagashino was captured. Torii agreed to tell the defenders that Oda was not coming but instead shouted "Hold fast help will soon be at hand ! " - He was crucified on the spot. ARMIES TAKEDA ODAffOKUGAWA Takeda Katsuyori Cine Ln(F) Oda Nagashino CinC Ln(F) 25000 men 9000men 10Ln(F);10Bd(0)20Bd(F)12Sh(O);l3Bw(I) 10Ln(F);8Bd(0);8Bd(F);3Bw(I) Baba Nabuharu Sub-Gen Ln(F) Layasu Tokagawa Sub-Gen Ln(F) 8000 men 2000 men 3Ln(F); 3Bd(O) Naito Masatoyo Sub-Gen Ln(F) 3Ln(F);4Bd(0);4Sh(0);7Bd(F);3Bw(I) 2000 men 3Ln(F);3Bd(O) Toyotomi Hideyoshi Sub-Gen Ln(F) Yamagata Masakage Sub.Gen. Ln(F) 5000 men 2000 men 3Ln(F); 3Bd(O) 2Ln(F) 3Bd(0);2Sh(0);4Bd(F);2Bw(I) 20 Elements of Palisade FO. Figure Scale 1 figure = 1OOmen
DEPLOYMENT Place the Takugawa army first. Takeda move first. All hills are gentle unless marked otherwise. Toyokawa River is tricky but the stream is paltry. Note it may be fun to try weather rules as rain would make a difference. VICTORY CONDITIONS TI1e loss of a third of a command causes it to be Broken, the loss of two thirds of the army causes defeat.
Page- 28
~TAKEDA
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Katsuyori's veteran generals called for retreat or at least for storming Nagashino and defending it against Nobunaga. His younger generals like Atobe Oi-no-suke called for an immediate attack which Katsuyori agreed with. Oda Nobunaga even though he outnumbered the Takeda forces by two to one knew the power of the Takeda mounted Samura~ having fought them before. Nobunaga intended taking every precaution against them. He started by launching a night attack on the Takeda camp, under SakaiTadatsugu with 3000 men and managing to kill Takeda Nobuzane, Katsuyori's uncle in the attack Nobunaga then drew his army up across the defile between Mount Gambo and the river Toyokawa. Nobunaga's army though bigger, had far fewer Samurai and was better suited for defense. Katsuyori knew this and of the predominance of arquebus in the Tokagawa army, but would the Tokagawa Ashigaru stand ? and if the weather remained wet as it had been, the arquebuses would be useless. N obunaga had placed his army about a mile from the Castle, but Katsuyori could not see his enemy clearly as the ground was quite hilly. Nobunaga placed a small force as bait, to draw the Takeda Samurai onto his prepared positions, and as planned the Takeda charged at the enemy they could see, straight into the massed Arquebus troops positioned behind pali~ades. Baba Nabuhara captured a small knoll on the end of Nobunagas line, but was halted by arquebus fire and flanked by Hideyoshi. Katsuyori could not see the disaster unfolding and launched his main battle only to be stopped and then defeated like the others in tum.
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COUTRAS 20th October 1587 FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION The defeat at Moncontour should have been the end of the Huguenot cause, but the Royalists squandered their victory and peace was not finally signed until August 1570 at St. Germain. Tavannes having fallen from royal favour had resigned in disgust. War was again to flair up in 1572, following the St. Bartholomew's massacre of Huguenots, including the old admiral Coligny. Peace was re-established without a major battle but the cause of war remained. In 1586 Henry of Anjou was crowned Henry III. The Guise and the Catholic league forced this weak king to sign the Treaty of Nemours, withdrawing all tolerance of Protestants. Henry of Navarre, now the head of the Huguenot faction, knew that the Catholic league with the resources of the crown intended ending the Huguenot problem in France once and for all. Henry III in an attempt to show his authority launched his own expedition under Ann, Duke of Joyeuse, into the south of France, contrary to the League's wishes. The expedition consisted of mainly courtiers and Nobility unused to the rigors of war. Henry IIrs force had penetrated into Angoumois and Poitou by September and encountered the Huguenot army. Joyeuse ordered Marshal Matignon, at Bordeaux, to join him with his 4000 men. Henry of Navarre and Conde (the son of the famous Huguenot general Conde) gathering what troops they could and marched south from Charente in order to cross the river Dronne at Coutras, which took him between the converging Royalist armies. Henry reached Courtras in time to repel Joyeuse's advanced scouts and crossed the river Dronne taking up a good defensive position, with his left covered by the Pallard Marsh and his right by a large enclosure known as "the Warren".
Henry of Navarre sent out a strong reconnaissance force to slow the Royalist advance, Joyeuse had hoped to surprise Henry with a night march, gave him plenty of warning and in the morning Joyeuse could not deploy for battle before 9.00am, having been marching since midnight. ARMIES FRENCH HUGUENOT 1700 Mounted 3800 Foot A)Henry CinC Pi(S),3Pi(S),4Sh(O) B)Conde Ally.Gen Pi(S),3Pi(S),4Sh(O) C)Soissons 3Ln(F) D)Turenne 8Lh(I) E)Enfants Perdus 10Sh(O)or20Sk(S) F)7 Foot Regts. 20Sh(O)or40Sk(S) G)IO Guns 2Art(O)
FRENCH ROYALIST 3000 Mounted 5000 Foot l)Joyeuse CinC Ln(0)+12Ln(O) 2)Montigny10Ln(0),4Lh(I) 3)Picardie & Tiercellin Foot 1OPk(I), 18 Sh(I), lArt(I) 4 )Cluseau & Verduisant Foot 5Pk(I),8Sh(I),4Pi(I).
Figure Scale 1 Element = 100 Men. DEPLOYMENT Place the Royalists first and move first. Count the Warren as terrain type E and Pallard Marsh as M. Coutras is an undefended BUA The river can only be crossed at the ford.
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VICTORY CONDITIONS The Royalists must destroy 7 Elements of Henry's Command and 13 Elements of Conde's command to count them broken; 30 Elements to rout the Huguenots .The Huguenots must destroy 27 Elements to cause Broken ;40 Elements to rout the Royalist army.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Henry of Navarre's position was good in a defensive way, in that both flanks were covered by natural obstacles. It was also ideal as his infantry was of a poorer quality and he had fewer numbers than the Royalists. Henry could protect his infantry as well as making them useful. The only draw back to Henry's position was if he was defeated, it was a death trap.· Joyeuse's deployment was cramped by the Bois de la Gelleterie in his rear and the Pollard Marsh on his right. Joyeuse having deployed his infantry, facing the Warren, they quickly came under effective artillery fire, which provoked a general advance by his left flank against the enemy in he Warren. The Royalist foot made little impact on the Huguenot foot in the Warren, who were defended by a ditch and in cover. Mercurio's Royalist cavalry, advancing to cover the flank of the infantry, charged the Huguenot light horse and drove them back, pursuing them as far as Coutras and effectively removing themselves from Joyeuse's control. Joyeuse, with his left committed and his right entangled in the Pollard marsh, charged the Huguenot centre with his 1200 Gendarmes, deployed in the thin line of the "en Haye" formation. Henry ordered his arquebus infantry, interspersed between his Reiter columns, to fire at 20 paces which tore the Royalist charge apart. Henry and Conde's counter charge, utterly smashed the now disordered gendarmes of Joyeuse. With the centre of the Royalist anny destroyed and Joyeuse was killed trying to surrender. TI1e Royalist army fled.
Page- 3 I
SHIZUGATAKE 1583 THE AGE OF WAR Oda Nobunaga had many generals under him who though loyal, had old scores to settle with their enforced overlord. Akechi Mitsuhide was one of these generals. He blamed Nobunaga for getting his mother humiliated and killed, by ordering Hatano Hideharu to be crucified. Hideharu had been holding Mitsuhides mother hostage, against his death after he had surrendered Y agami Castle. Mitsuhide gained his revenge when fortune placed himself with a large army near Nobunaga who was in a temple at Honno-ji with just a small body ofretainers. Mitsuhide struck when most ofNobunaga's other generals were committed elsewhere, but Toyotomi Hideyoshi quickly returned to defeat Mitsuhide at Yamazaki between Kyoto and Osaka. The Battle of Yamazaki placed Hideyoshi in a commanding position when it came to the power struggle that now followed Nobunagas death. The three opposing factions where, Oda Nobutaka; Takigawa Kazumasu and Shibata Katsuie. The saving factor for Hideyoshi was that none of his rivals would act in concert, so he was able to· attack and subdue Nobutaka· quickly. The fall of Nobutaka consolidated Takigawa and Shibata against Hideyoshi. With Shibata advancing on Hideyoshi's fortress in Omi. Hideyoshi forestalled the attack and trapped Takigawa in Kameyama, forcing his surrender. Shibata advancing from Echizen towards Kyoto was Hideyoshis final threat and he set about defending the two possible routes around lake Yogo. As the Spring wore on Oda Nobutaka anticipating the arrival of Shibata rebelled. Hideyoshi besieged N obutaka in his castle of Ogaki. ARMIES KATO HIDEYOSID 14000 men A. Hideyoshi + 4000men CinC. Ln(F)
MORIMASA SAKUMA 15000 men
1OLn(F);10Bd(0),20Bd(F),8Sh(0),2Bw(I). B. Kato Kiyomasa+4000 men Sub-Gen Bd(O) 20Bd(O), 15Bd(F),8Sh(0),2Bw(I). C. Sub-Gen Ln(F)+4000men 1OLn(F), I OBd(O), 15Bd(F),8Sh(0),2Bw(I)
1. Sakuma CinC,Bd(O)+ 1OBd(O) 2. 8Bd(O), 15Bd(F), 11Sh(0),6Bw(I), 3. Sub-Gen.Bd(O). lOLn(F) 1OBd(O),l5Bd(F), 10Sh(0),5Bw(I) 4. Sub-Gen Bd(O). lOLn(F) 10Bd(0),15Bd(F),10Sh(0),5Bw(I)
Figure Scale 1 Element = 100 men DEPLOYMENT Place Sakuma first, Hideyoshi moves first. Lake Biwa is impassable. Mount Shizugatake is Difficult. The woods are Difficult. VICTORY CONDITIONS One third of a command destroyed breaks the command. Two thirds of the army destroyed equals defeat.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Nobutaka by rebelling had not placed Hideyoshi at any great disadvantage and in fact had brought Hideyoshi's army to where it needed to be. Shibata Katsuie had sent his nephew, Sakuma Morimasa to capture the frontier forts and Sakuma had in fact just captured Iwasakiyama and had marched on to besiege Shizugatake. Shibata's orders had been very precise "Do not underestimate Monkey-Face. He's a fellow to whom carelessness is unknown. If you succeed in capturing Oiwa withdraw your troops into it.". Sakuma was not to press to far ahead as Hideyoshi's army was only 50 miles away at Ogaki. But Sakuma felt no threat as it would take Hideyoshi at least three days for his army of 20000 men to arrive and so he threw loose siege lines around Shizugatake. But Hideyoshi was in fact at Shizugatake, having mounted 12000 men in a desperate ride to prevent the fall of the castle. Sakuma deployed his forces across the defile between Lake Biwa and the Shizugatake Mountain. Hideyoshi having received re-inforcements from the survivors of Iwasakiyama, who had retreated to Tagami, this now made the forces nearly equal in numbers. Hideyoshi's vanguard led by a young 'Wakamusha' crashed into Sakuma's left battle and Kato Kiyomasa personally killed Sakuma's general. Sakuma's anny was subjected to a furious assault all along its line, but the fiercest fighting took place on Sakuma's left which quickly collapsed. Sakuma's army streamed back to the gates ofKita-no-sho where Shibata Katsuie commanded. Besieged by Hideyosh.i Shibata committed hari-ki1i as the castle blazed arow1d him.
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ARQUES 21st September 1589 FRENCH WAR OF RELIGION The Catholic League under the Guise brothers had seized power by entering Paris in May 1589, forcing Henry III to sign another edict against the Huguenots and giving power to the Catholic league, their cause now bolstered by the impending invasion of Protestant England by the Spanish. The failure of the Admarda prompted Henry III to exact his revenge on the Catholic League, by having the Guise Brothers murdered in an attempt to regain power. But the Catholic league was still very strong and Henry III had to seek the protection of his Huguenot brother Henry of Navarre. For this protection Henry of Navarre gained the right to succession to the throne from the childless Henry III, who died shortly afterwards by the "hand of a Catholic fanatic". France now had a Protestant King and many of the Catholic nobility sided with him, much to the disgust of the Huguenots. But the Duke ofMayenne a brother of the murdered Guise, with an army three times that of Heru.Ys, was closing fast and after an unsuccessful siege of Paris Henry retreated towards Dieppe. Mayenne intended to trap Henry against the coast and crush liim. He arrived at Dieppe on the 13th September but found Henry had fortified the town. Mayenne was reluctant to storm the defenses and so after 3 days of offering battle in the open he moved off intending to attempt the Arques defile. ARMIES FRENCH ROYALIST FRENCH CATHOLIC 1000 Mounted 4800 Foot 4000 Mounted 20000 Foot 1) Duke ofMayenne +1000 Gendarmes A) Henry CinC +800 Pistoleers CinC Ln(S) + 10 Ln(O) CinCLn(S) + 8 Pi(S) B) 600 Swiss Foot :4Pk(S),2Sh(O) 2)Aumale+3000 Reiters:Sub-Gen+30 Pi(O) C) 600 Landsknechts: 4Pk(0),2Sh(I) 3) 3500 Landsknechts:25Pk(0),10Sh(I) D) 1200 French Arquebusiers : 12Sh(O) 4) 9000 French Infantry: 30Pk(I),60Sh(I) 5) 500 Landsknechts + 1000 French Foot E) 3 Guns+ 600 French Foot 4Pk(0),2Sh(O) + 5Pk(I),5Sh(I). 1 Art(0),6Sh(I). F) 600 Swiss Guard :4Pk(S),2Sh(O) G)1200 French Arquebusier: 12Sh(O) F) 200 Pistoleers:2Pi(S) H) Arques Castle. 3Art(O) Figure Scale 1 Element = 1OOmen DEPLOYMENT Place the Royalists first, the Catholics move first. Count the Earthworks as a Fortification. Count the Chapel and the Castle as a fortified BUA The River as unfordable, The Forest and the Marsh as difficult going. The Catholic unit 5 may be placed in ambush in the woods before the game VICTORY CONDITIONS 111e Catholic's must destroy 21 Elements to cause Broken and 42 Elements to cause routed TI1e Royalists must destroy 1/3rd of a command to cause Broken and 2./3rds of the army to cause rout. Page - 34
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Mayenne may have forced the Arques pass, before Henry could have transferred his army from Dieppe to his pre-prepared defensive positions around the Chapel of St. Lazare and Arques Castle, but having moved from Dieppe, Mayenne halted for three days at Martineglise at the head of the Arques defile. Henry's position based on two redoubts which blocked the defile between the Marshes of Bethune river and the Forest D'Arques. The final defense being Arques Castle which had been modernised by Francis I and now had mounted a1tillery. · On the morning of the 20th Mayenne advanced into the defile, sending his vanguard under Aumale, Duke of Nemours. He also sent a regiment of Landsknechts, supported by two regiments of French foot, through the Forest D'Arques, who calling to the defenders of the first trench 'they would not fight their fellow countrymen' managed to get close enough to charge the trench and drive the defenders back. The Royalists in the first trench fled back and the Catholics captured the redoubt and the church. Henry b1inging up his cavalry, managed to prevent the Catholic cavalry getting past the first trench line, allowing the survivors to rally on the second trench. Henry was forced, by sheer weight of numbers, to fall back on the second trench. The pursuing Catholic cavahy were brought to a sharp halt at the second trench and an attempt to outflank it through the marsh was thrown back. The Catholic cavalry, now halted, came under a deadly bombardment from the castle Arques and fled back to past tbe first trench. Henry counter-attacked with his entire force and quickly carried the first trench line. Meye1me withdrew to Martineglise having not engaged the bulk of his infantry before conceding defeat. Page - 35
IVRY 14th March 1590 FRENCH WARS of RELIGION The victory for Henry at Arques did not smash the Catholic. army and even allowed the Catholics to continue to threaten Deippe. Henry having received his re-inforcements from Britain, marched on Paris but having failed to capture it, withdrew to Etampes. During the Winter of 1589-90 Henry went on to captured much of Normandy. Mayenne, having received reinforcements from the Spanish in the Netherlands, marched out to confront Henry's army. The Royalists were besieging Dreux as Mayenne approached and Henry, though outnumbered, positioned his army on the plain of St. Andre intending to dispute the crossing of the river Eure. But Mayenne had already crossed before Henry could stop him and the two armies were committed to battle. ARMIES FRENCH ROYALIST
CATHOLIC LEAGUE
8100 Foot 3600 Horse 10200 Foot 4400 Horse 1) Mayenne + 1OOO Gendarmes A)King Henry + 1OOO Cuirassiers CinC,Pi(S),10 Pi(S) CinC,Ln(0),10 Ln(O) B)3 French Regts. 3000 Foot. 15Pk(I); 15Sh(I). 2)400 Spanish mounted Arquebus LH(I) 3)Aumale400L/horse,4000 Walloon Foot C)Royal Swiss 2Regts. 1000men;8Pk(S),2Sh(I) S.GenLn(0),4Lh(I),10Pk(0),30Sh(I) D)Schombergs 600 Reiters.Sub.GenPi(S),6Pi(I) 4)Egmont, 700Wallon Lance, E)2 Regts French Foot 800men 4Pk(I),4Sh(O) F)Biron Junior 500 Pistoleers.:Sub.Gen.Pi(S),5Pi(I) S.Gen,Ln(0),7 Ln(F). G)800 Veteran musketeers; 8Sh(O) 5) 1000 Reiters, 10 Pi(I) H) 400 Light Horse. 4LH(I) 6) 2000 French Foot, 6Pk(I),14Sh(I) 7) 1200 Swiss 9Pk(S),3Sh(I) I) Artillery 15 Guns - 3Art(O) J)Montpensier 500 Horse.Sub.Gen,Pi(S),5Pi(I) 8) Nemours,500 cheveaux leger, K)400 landsknects,3Pk(O), lSh(I) S.GenLn(0),5Pi(O), 9) 400 Argoulets, 4LH(I) L)400 Swiss, 3Pk(S),1Sh(I) M)400 French Arquebus, 4Sh(I) 10) 600 Landsknechts Foot, 4Pk(0),2Sh(I) N)D'Aumont 400 L/Horse,S.Gen.Pi(S),4LH(I) 11) 1200 Swiss Foot, 9Pk(S),3Sh(I) 0)2 Regts French Foot 800men ;4PK(I),4Sh(I) 12) 1200 Swiss Foot, 9Pk(S),3Sh(I) P)Biron Senior 200 Cav, 13) 10 Artillery, 2Art(O) 2Regts French Foot 800men Sub.Gen,Pi(S).2PI(S),4PK(I),4Sh(O).
Figure Scale l Element = 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT The Catholics are placed first and move first. St. Andre is a BUA VICTORY CONDITIONS Both sides must destroy 1/3rd of each command to cause it to be broken and 2/3rds of the army total to cause rout.
Page - 36
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME Both armies deployed in a similar fashion, of cavahy units flanked by infantry formations. Henry intended to turn the Catholics left flank with his double strength Division, which he would lead himself Mayenne at the head of his Gendarmes appears to have been poised for a head on attack on Henry's formation, whilst his longer line held Henry's army in place. The battle started with the Royalist artillery doing severe damage to the Wallon lancers. This bombardment soon opened a cavahy battle by both sides, with D'Aumont carrying the Catholic right flank and Montpensier locked in combat with Nemours. The Royalist centre was ripped open by the Waloon lancers and only stopped by the Young Birons Pistoleers. But the real battle between the two commanders had started. Mayenne had intended to flank Henry's formation, but both flank forces were countered and driven back, disrupting Mayennes advance. Henry smashed into the stalled Gendarmes ofMayenne and shattered them completely. On Henry's right the last threat the Catholics could offer, Aumales horse, were broken by Marshal Birons small reserve. The Catholic infantry, hardly engaged in the battle, seeing their cavahy abandon them, now fled and only the Swiss and the French were allowed to surrender. Mayenne had the bridge over the Eure destroyed to prevent the Royalist pursuing him, but this only ensured the total destruction of his army.
Page- 37
~
CLONTIBRET 26th May 1595 THE ULSTER WAR The tripartite war of Shane O'Neil that had ended at Farsetmore in 1567, had effectively reconciled the English and the Scots in Ireland. Only an English/Irish dimension remained within the land.
Hugh O'Neil , the second Earl of Tyrone, had remained at the English court during the reign of Shane. On Shane's death he became the ruler of the Gaelic Lordship of Tyrone. Though O'Neil had received English support, including military aid and the training of his army, he had no intention of being a puppet for the English. He was the King of tnster and like Shane before him he was to be the only king of Ulster. Elizabeth I eventually realised O'Neil would not submit to her rule and attempted to hold
him in Tyrone by building military out posts around Ulster. O'Neil had retaliated by fighting a hit and run war around his border. In 1593 the ambush of an English force at the Ford of Biscuits and the subsequent loss of Enniskillen, followed by an invasion of Monaghan by Maguire of Fermanag, started the Ulster war. To maintain Monaghan, which had been given English 'shire' status, was important in the process of settling Ireland. In addition, the need to curb 0 1Neil1s threat to the English Pale compelled Elizabeth to re-inforce her Irish garrison with troops from England and Brittany. The force under Marshal Bagenal now had 1730 men, consisting of 6 troops of Horse and 19 companies of foot. Armed in the modem way of calivers, musket and Pike, Bagne! was to escort supplies to Monaghan, relieve the garrison and return to the Pale. It was also to be a show of irresistible force to O'Neil Unfortunately, Bagenal's force was under-officered, poorly disciplined and with many raw recruits. It had not had time to organise and train, it even lacked sufficient ammunition to fight a prolonged engagement. O'Neil had up to 3000 men to oppose this force, but its quality and equipment was patchy. Around 600 foot were trained and uniformed in English style, relics from the days of his loyalty to the crown, the rest were armed in the traditional Irish/Scottish way including many with Longbows. ARMIES
ENGLISH 1750 Foot & Horse Cine Ln(F);8Lh(0);9Pk(O); 4Sh(O);l4Sh(I). 2 Baggage Figure Scale; 1 Element = 50Men.
IRISH 3000 Foot & Horse CinC+ lSubGen.Lh(O) l 7Lh(O);l2Sh(I);l2Sk(O) lOWb(O);lOSh(I);lOSk(I).
DEPLOYMENT Place the English first, The Irish move first.
Page - 38
VICTORY CONDITIONS The Irish must destroyl2 Elements to cause Broken, 24 Elements to Rout the English. The English must destroy l/3rd of a command to cause it to be Broken and 40 Elements in total to cause rout. The English also must exit the board on the road to Ballymacowen.
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME The road from Newry to Monaghan runs westward to Ballymoyer through treacherous bogs and an undrained overgrown country side. This confined Bagenal's force to following the road. Bagenal marched in the traditional formation of a Van, Centre and Rear battles and camped at Ballymoyer by the Owenduff stream Here O'Neil held a parley with Bagnel. The next day, 26th May, Bagenal continued the march only to come under attack from O'Neil as he approached Crossdall, four miles short of Monaghan. O'Neil attacked the vanguard with a small force and manoeuvred to occupy a wood that dominated the road. Captain Cuney commanding the vanguard lead forward an attack and drove the Irish from the wood. At this O'Neil withdrew and Bagenal's Column marched on to Monaghan to relieve the garrison. On the 27th the English marched back towards Clontibret. But O'Neil had been re-inforced by Maguire and MacMahon and now had the force to stop the English. As the English Column entered close and wooded country it was attacked all along its length, most heavily in its rear. This running fight continued until the column reached a defile under Crossaghy Hill and here O'Neil determined to stop the English. For three hours the English attacked the Irish position, soon running short of powder but managing to force the pass. The battle continued then, as before, with the Irish skirmishing and sniping until nightfall. The following day the Irish withdrew to block the Moyry Pass and the English reached Newry. Had O'Neil continued the fight the English would have been routed but O'Neil's force had also run short of powder. Though the English had achieved its objective of relieving the garrison at Monaghan. O'Neil had also proved his point. The English could not move through Ulster unmolested.
Page- 39
THE YELLOW FORD 14th August 1598 THE ULSTER WAR After the attack on the English at Clontibret in 1595, O'Neil re-armed and re-organised his forces raising large bodies of Bonnaghts, who were in effect a national militia (originally Bonnaghts were the Irish version of Galloglass). His army now armed and trained in the most modem way, and what few expeditions the English did undertake were roughly handled by O'Neil's forces, who relied on avoiding contact other than to ambush the English columns. · In May 1597 Lord Burgh replaced Lord Russell who had adopted a policy of stay out of
illster. Lord Burgh was determined to act and on the 12th July with 3500 men he attempted a raid into O'Neil's territory. He made it as far as the Blackwater ford and was halted by O'Neil's forces. Unable to advance, Burgh rebuilt the fort at Blackwater, destroyed by O'Neil in 1595. But for Burgh this was his last act as he was to die of fever. Burgh had pinned all his hopes on this fort as a base of operations into Ulster. In fact he had left a position that was impossible to maintain if attacked and with a garrison that had to be defended. O'Neil made one attempt to storm the fort but took casualties and withdrew to blockade it instead. The new English military commander of Ireland Earl of Osmond would have given up the position, but to do so would loose face, so a truce was arranged with O'Neil instead. Earl Osmond knew that something had to be done but it was only after Sir Bagenal, veteran of Clontibret, with 1500 new troops offered to lead the relief force did Osmond agree to the venture. Bagenal's force of 3000 foot and 300 horse, though large by Irish standards, was mainly of poor quality and was further hampered by 4 pieces of light artillery. Baganel marched from Newry and arrived at the ruins of Armagh on the 13th August 1598. He passed through Armagh and encamped on the right bank of the river Callan, four and a half miles from the Blackwater fort. ARMIES ENGLISH 300 Horse 4000 Foot CinC+l Sub.Gen. Ln(F) 3 Lh(0);5Sh(0);10Pk(O);l7Sh(I);8Pk(I) I Art(0);4 Baggage
IRISH 5000 Foot & Horse CinC+2Sub.Gen Lh(O) 6 Lh(0);10Sk(S);20Sh(I); 14Wb(O).
Figure Scale 1 Element = I OOmen. DEPLOYMENT. Deploy the English first and all the Irish in ambush. The English move first. Place additional English troops in Blackwater Fort. being; !Sub.Gen Bd(O);l Pk(0);2Sh(0);1Art(O). VICTORY CONDITIONS: Each side must inflict l/3rd losses on a command to cause Broken. The Irish must destroy 26 Elements of English to win. The English must destroy 30 Elements to win. TI1e English also win if they get their Artillery and Baggage through to Blackwater fort, or if the Fort is destroyed, the English get their force off the battlefield back to Armagh.
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100 inches
HISTORICAL OUTCOME Bagenal marched his force in battle order, in a column of regiments with horse and baggage between the regiments. Knowing the road to be ambushed he moved west of the river Callan across the open ground. The battle started at 8.30am half a mile from the English camp as the vanguard marched between a wood and a bog. The attacks continued and the English unable to get to grips with the Irish in cover pressed on. TI1e centre of the English column was slowed by the progress of the guns and baggage and soon the vanguard was separated from the column. Percy in command of the first regiment of the vanguard pressed ahead under constant skirmishing and made it to the third hill - where the majority of the Irish forces lay in ambush. At this point with the English vanguard on the third hill, the main battle between the first and second hill and the rear still before the first hill, Bagenal ordered the vanguard to retire on the centre. This was the beginning of the end for the English. The vanguard was routed as it tried to cross the yellow ford. Bagenal was killed trying to relieve the vanguard and the whole force fell into retreat back to Atmagh. Shortly after this the Blackwater Fort was abandoned.
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MOYRY PASS Sth October 1600 THE ULSTER WAR The defeat at the Yellow ford, forced the English to abandon Armagh and retreat to Newry. 0 Neil had entirely expelled the English from Tyrone. This was the basis of his strategy, simply to prevent the English entering illster. In 1599 the English, under Lord Mountjoy, again started operations against O'Neil. The operations centred around the Moyry Pass, a natural defile in difficult country that lead straight from Dundalk, in the English Pale, to the English outpost at Newry. In May that year Mountjoy had moved through the pass to distract O'Neil from landings at Derry. In doing so Mountjoy had to return to aid a convoy under attack in the pass, under captain Blayney, at four mile water. The Irish, in order to avoid this English pincer movement, manoeuvred across terrain impassable to the English, to attack the rear of Blayney's column. In torrential rain both sides were forced to fight hand to hand. After this expedition Mountjoy continued to have difficulty in supporting Newry. In September he assembled a force of 3000 foot and 300 horse to take the Moyry Pass once and for all. The English left Dundalk on the 20th September and set up camp at Faughart, half a mile from the entrance to the pass. The Irish immediately barricaded the pass and attacked the English forage parties and sniped at the camp at night. But the main enemy to the English was the appalling weather. On the 25th a reconnaissance in force of3 regiments (about 1500 men) penetrated the first two barricades in the pass. It was not until 2nd October that, after being drawn by the Irish offering battle, did the English send 5 Regiments (2500 men) under Sir Thomas Burke against the pass. The assault finally faltered at the third barricade. The final battle took place on the 5th October 1600. ARMIES ENGLISH 300 Horse, 3000 Foot CinC+l Sub.Gen. Ln(F) or Bd(O) 3Lh(O};l0Pk(0};10Sh(O};l0Sh(I)
IRISH 3000 Foot CinC+lSub.Gen. Bd(O) 5Pk(I};l5Sh(I};10Sk(O).
Figure Scale 1 ~lement = 1OOmen DEPLOYMENT The English attacked the pass three times, so each time place the Irish in ambush first and the English move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS In all cases the English win if they capture the pass and force the Irish to withdraw from the board by destroying 1/3rd of the Irish. The Irish win if they destroy I/3rd of each English force.
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PERCY DTmCULT TERRAIN
00
1
mo lJ
!
N ,01
I
I
~
I
60 inches
~
HISTORICAL OUTCOME The final English attempt to take the pass on Sunday 5th October, involved a hundred _horse and 3 Regiments of foot (1500men) in an outflanking manoeuvre in support of a main assault up the pass. Percy's Regiment supported by St. Johns regiment climbed the hills to the left of the pass, whilst the third regiment and the horse stood in reserve. Initially the Irish commanding the heights withdrew but once Percy's regiment had been drawn away from its supporting regiment, the Irish turned and attacked Percy's outnumbered force, after a desperate struggle, St. Johns regiment came up and supported Percy's withdrawal. Meantime in the Pass the assault had ground to a halt with the loss of Sir Robert Lovell killed at the head of a cavalry charge. Mountjoy finally withdrew on the 6th October claiming the weather had prevented him taking the pass but he did not return until O'Neil had left it unguarded.
During this period O'Neil's defensive strategy though clearly working was putting a great strain on his alliance with the O'Donnell's, who were all for allowing the English into Armagh so they could be assaulted as at Yellow ford. Mountjoy did not retake Armagh but built a fo1t at Mount Norris and returned along the coast rather than try the pass again. At Carlingford Lough along a narrow wooded track on a steep slope O'Neil with 400men in prepared positions ambushed Mountjoy's column of 4 regiments. After attacking the head of the column and forcing Mountjoy to deploy, O'Neil manoeuvred to the rear and attacked the waiting rear regiments inflicting 80 casualties before the column could escape. Page - 43
SEKIGAHARA 21st October 1600 THE AGE OF WAR Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the victor of Shizugatake, had gained absolute power in Japan. But on his death in 1598 he left an infant son, Hideyori. To rule during his son's minority, he had appointed five regents (Tairo); Tokugawa Leyasu; Ukita Hideie; Meaeda Toshiie; Mori Terumoto and Uesugi Kagekatsu. Leyasu used his position as Tairo to arranged political marriages for his relatives. This was forbidden by Hideyoshi Ishida Matsunari (an old friend of Hideyoshi) seeing his chance to supplant Leyasu as a Tairo, demanded Leyasu resign his position but Leyasu refused. In 1600 Uesugi Kagekatsu attacked the territory of Leyasu. Leyasu suspected he was being set up and so when Ishida Mitsunari marched against him from Osaka, Leyasu had forces ready to meet him Leyasu's objective was now Ishida's castle of Sawayama or even Osaka and both sides set about manoeuvring to take strategic castles on their lines of communications. Ishida was besieging Fushimi castle when he learned that Leyasu was marching down the Nakasendo road and not fighting Uesugi as planned. Ishida marched rapidly up the Nakasendo road to block the route to Sawayama, taking up position at the important cross roads of Sekigahara. ARMIES ISHIDA MITSUNARI LEYASUTOKAGAWA Ishada 15000men Cine Ln(F) Leyasu Tokagawa 25000men 12Ln(F);l0Bd(0);5Sh(0);10Bd(F);3Bw(I) CinC Ln(F) lOLn(F) 15Bd(O);l0Sh(0);25Bd(F);5Bw(I) Reserve lOOOOmen 4Ln(F);2Bd(0);20Bd(F) Ukita Hideie 5000men Sub-Gen Ln(F) Li Naomasa 10000 men Sub-Gen Ln(F) 1OLn(F) 4Ln(F)5Bd(0);2Sh(0);3Bd(F) Konishi Yukinaga 5000men Sub-Gen Ln(F) 20Bd(0);5Sh(0);10Bd(F);3Bw(I) Tokugawa General 15000men 2Ln(F);5Bd(0 );3 Sh(0 );3Bd(F) Konoshita 5000 men Sub-Gen Ln(F) Sub-Gen Ln(F) lOLn(F) 2Ln(F);3Bd(0);3Sh(0);3Bd(F);2Bw(I) 15Bd(0);10Sh(0);12Bd(F);3Bw(I) Toda 5000 men Sub-Gen Ln(F) 3Ln(F);5Bd(0 );3Bd(F);2Sh(0) Kuchigi 5000men Sub-Gen Ln(F) 2Ln(F);4Bd(0 );2Sh(0 );5Bd(F) Wakizaka 5000 men Sub-Gen Ln(F) 2Ln(F);4Bd(0 );2Sh( 0 );3Bd(F);2Bw(I) Otani 5000men Sub-Gen Bd(O) 2Ln(F);5Bd(0);3Sh(0);3Bd(F) Kobayakawa Hideaki 10000 men Sub-Gen Ln(F) Figure Scale 1 Figure = 100 men 4Ln(F);l0Bd(0);6Sh(0);3Bd(F);3Bw(I) DEPLOYMENT Position Ishada's forces first. Leyasu move first. All the hills are rough. The game starts with the valley up to the edge of the hills in mist/fog. - only count pip dice for weather change of the Leyasu army.
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VICTORY CONDITIONS 1/3rd of a command lost equals broken, 2/3rds of the army lost equals rout. SPECIAL RULE -TREACHERY. Kobayakawa Hideaki will do nothing equal to the number of moves of his first pip dice. He then will change sides to Leyasu on a pip score of 4,5,6 otherwise he does nothing. unless he scores a 1 then he will fight for Ishada. If Hideaki changes sides all unbroken commands within 1200 paces also change sides if their pip dice exceeds 5 in any turn after Hideaki changes sides. The army's total for victory conditions will change as each command changes sides.
j
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i
/
I
SJsoyarra mountain
rnalSUOYJmO rnountmn 148 inch:s
IDsTORICAL OUTCOME Ishada's army was made up of many different clans , including Hideaki who had his family held hostage by Ishada to ensure his loyalty. Having positioned his army on the high ground around Sekigahara, placing his reserve on the Ogaki road, Ishada awaited the arrival of other forces besieging Tokagawa castles. Leyasu, having given up waiting for his son with 38000 men, advanced up the valley in thick fog. At about 8am as the fog lifted, Leyasu's vanguard under Li Naomasa charged Ukita Hideie's battle. Hideie threw back Leyasu's vanguard and as Leyasu's main body started to engage lshada's centre and right flank, Ishada lit the signal fire for Hideaki to attack, but nothing happened. Leyasu, also not trusting Hideaki, sent a force against him. But Hideaki had decided and charged the Otani battle, who anticipating Hideaki's treachery, turned and threw Hideaki back. But the treachery was contagious and Kuchigi and Wakizaka also changed sides and attacked Otani, wiping his battle out. Isahada's army was falling apart around him but he made a desperate attack, breaking tlrrough Leyasu's army and heading for his rese1ve. Unf01tunately his reserve was also on the point of changing sides, but retreated from the battle instead and lshada fell back to Sawayama.
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KINSALE 25th December 1601 THE ULSTER WAR Hugh O'Neil had kept the English out of Ulster for nearly eight years. But by 1600 the pressure from the English was beginning to tell His brilliant defense of Ulster, though effective, did not threaten the English. His action of beating the English off as opposed to attacking them was loosing him support. Having to constantly maintain a standing army in readiness to react to the English movements, was a heavy drain on his limited resources. But in June 1600, Spain finally agreed to inteIVene and send troops to aid O'Neil in response to his constant requests. The Spanish inteIVention was partly due to religion, O'Neil claiming the Catholic cause in Ireland, but also to open a second front against the English, in a hope of drawing English troops from the war in the Netherlands. Unfortunately the Spanish sent only half the promised 6-7000 men O'Neil required and they were to land at Kinsale in the South of Ireland, some 150 miles from Ulster in the North. O'Neil, on learning of the intended Spanish support, had set about reforming his army to one of offense. Training it in pike and musket for formal warfare. But first he would have to march right across English held Ireland, to join up with the Spanish. The English Commander, Lord Mountjoy, had mustered all his available troops and concentrated them in Munster, to repel the Spanish, as it was known they would land in the south. Mountjoy outnumbered the Spanish 2: 1, but after initially assaulting Kinsale, to which the Spanish counter attacked, he was only able to effect a blockade of the Spanish force and not destroy it as intended. Mountjoy having concentrated at Kinsale, could not now split his forces to guard the rest of Ireland. With the result O'Neil could raid unopposed, creating major supply problems for Mountjoy. O'Neil did not set out south until November and then only after O'Donnell had set out, but on reaching Coolcarron near Cork, O'Neil advised they should stop, for he could see the English were now trapped between the Irish and Spanish armies and in desperate straits from lack the of supplies. O'Donnell demanded he attack and so with a force of 6500 Irish and 200 Spanish the army advanced on the English positions at Kinsale. ARMIES ENGLISH Mountjoy 500 Horse, 2000 Foot 1CinC+1 Sub.Gen. Ln(F) 5Ln(F);8 Pk(0);12 Sh(O). Carew l 00 Horse, 5000 Foot 2Sub.Gen.Ln(F) I Ln(F);20 Pk(0);30 Sh(0);2 Art(S) 2 Fortified Camps
ffiISH/SPANISH 400 Horse, 6000 Foot O'Neil 400Horse 3000 Foot. CinC Lh(0);4Lh(I)10Pk(I);l5Sh(l);5Sk(O) Tyrrell 1500 Foot+ 200 Spanish Sub.Gen.Lh(0);6Pk(I);9Sh(l);1Pk(0);1Sh(O) O'Donnell 1500 Foot. Sub.Gen.Lh(0);8 Pk(I);12Sh(I). Del Aguila+ 3000 Spanish in Kinsale CinC Ln(S);l5Pk(O);l5Sh(0);1Art(S)
Figure Scale I Element = I 00 men.
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DEPLOYMENT Place the Irish/Spanish first. English move first. Employ weather rules. Kinsale is a fortified BUA O'Donnell arrives at A, on a roll of a 5,6. VICTORY CONDITIONS Each command must loose l/3rd to class as broken. The English as a whole must loose 2/3rds to rout. The Irish and Spanish force in Kinsale must be calculated separately.
EN GUSE
HISTORICAL OUTCOME O'Neil attempted a night march on or past the English positions. What ever his intentions had been, whether to slip past the English into Kinsale or close for a surprise dawn attack, it had placed his army behind the English position, who now blocked the way to Kinsale. During his march his three battles had become separated and so at dawn when they Irish vanguard blundered into the English outposts it halted. The main battle under O'Neil came up and then both retreated to firmer ground. Mountjoy splitting his force to cover Kinsale, attacked the Irish forces. Initially the boggy ground held up the English, but Mountjoy's cavalry cleared it of Irish skirmishers and charged O'Neil's battle. At this point their appears to have been a deluge of rain, reducing the effect of Irish musketry, but the main factor in O'Neil's battles defeat was the Irish horse, which fled from the English cavalry attack straight through O'Neil's battle. The English horse then flanked the illllllobile and disordered battle and broke it. Tyrrell's Battle now moved to aid O'Neil and in doing so exposed its flank to the English infantry and was routed. The Spanish element of Tyrell's battle reformed on a near by bill, where it was overwhelmed by the English cavalry. O'Dom1ell's Battle had now come up but retired without fighting. 111e Spanish in Kinsale appear to not have realise a battle was in progress and only knew after it was all over. 111ey suffendered nine days later. Page- 47
THE BIT AT THE BACK Each battle has a figure scale which can be changed to fit the number of Elements you have available. The battle map is drawn to scale relative to a 15mm figure scale element base size. So the blocks indicated on the map should cover the same area as on the map. On the Battle map I have kept to a convention for troop symbols. as listed below. TROOP TYPE MAP REPRESENTATION KEY
~
~ SUB-GENERAL
Cin C
D BODY OF TROOPS ~ LANCE UIIl PI KE [%! LANCE (FAST) B SHOT 0 PISTOL(REITERS) I: . :ISKIRMISHERS
~ CAVAISN (SAPHIS)
[±]ARTILLERY
[Z] LIGHT HORSE
l~IWARWAGON
[Ej CAMELS
OTHER DBA/DBM TYPE RULES The battles are listed in a fast play format for any rules along the lines of DBAIDBM. But if you not using DBR then the troop classifications may be slightly different. For Blade read Halberd or Swordsmen. Blade S. = Forlorn Hope. Pike = Pike or Spearmen. Bow= Missile armed Foot with bows or Crossbows. Shot = Missile foot armed with Arquebus or Musket. Either may also equal Skirmishers under DBR. Lancers are Gendarmes or Cavalry. Pistols = Shot armed cavalry. Saphis = Bow and melee armed cavalry. Light Horse or Dragoons = Mounted Missile armed Light Cavalry. The victory conditions are also set up for DBR and may be changed according to the rule set you use.
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