il
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732 A.O. TO 1485 A.O.
MEDIEVAL IIlSTORICAL BATTLES 732 AD TO 1485 AD BY PETER SIDES
FffiST PUBLISHED MARCH 1993 ISBN 1 874351 04 X COPYRIGHT GOSLING PRESS GOSLING PRESS 35 CROSS STREET UPTON PO:NTEFRACT WF91EU
INTRODUCTION The aim of this book is to ·encourage you, the wargamer, to play medieval wargames as they should be played historically. It will allow you to refight actual historical battles in the dark ages and medieval period; from the Saracan invasion of Europe in 732 AD to the crowning battle of the Wars of the Roses at Bosworth Field in 1485 AD. This is not a set ofwargames rules, but a series ofhistorical scenarios that can be applied to most 11Ancients 11 rules- WRG 7th edition Ancients, WRG De Bellis Antiquarius, or many other ancient or medieval rule books. The scenarios will give you an enjoyable game that will last 2-3 hours depending on the rules you use. I used WGR DBA fast play Ancients by Phil Barker to test these scenarios and they were brilliant. This version is now updated to allow the battles to be fought using the more advanced DBM rules as well. Each battle in the book contains: a brief description of historical context;the forces involved (described in two forms: the actual number of troops; and their equivalent in elements);an element scale;deployment and any special information ;the victory conditions;a battle map giving the terrain and the forces initial set up, plus the overall size of the battlefield;and the historical outcome. Each battle isestarted at the point at which both armies were committed to fighting. fu many cases, both armies may have manoeuvre prior to this and even fought preliminary skirmishes btit in order to recreate the historical battle, these preliminary manoeuvres are discounted because the wargamer with his bird's eye view of the battlefield, and his hindsight would not necessarily fight or deploy in the way, or use the terrain as they did. Battles are rarely fought because of tactical advantage but because external forces of politics and strategy dictated it. The scenarios in this booklet give you the tactical problems faced by the commanders of the day. By deploying as they did, you must fight as they did, and make full use of any advantages. You will soon see that very few results - even battles that were total disasters - were foregone conclusions. They were won on very slender margins and often with large portions ofluck. Finally, this book is not a major piece of historical research. It is my interpretation of the facts available to me. You may not agree. This book is not written in tablets of stone. You may have a different view of the battle. It so, amend it! To help you I have included the basic information I used when designing these battles. "The game's afoot" Follow your spirit: and upon this charge cry "God for Harry! England!"
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INDEX OF MEDIEVAL BATTLES INTRODUCTION 1 TOURS 2 ARBAQ 3 CLONTARF 4 GATEFULFORD 5 STANFORD BRIDGE 6 HASTINGS 7 MANZIKERT 8 DURRAZZO 9 ZALLACA 10 ANTIOCH 11 TINCHEBRAl 12 CARDIGAN 13 STANDARD 14 DUBLIN 15 KURIKARA 16 ARSUF 17 BOUVINES. 18 RIVERINI)US 19 LEWES 20 EVESHAM 21 BENEVENTO 22 STIRLING BRIDGE 23 FALKIRK 24 COURTRAI 25 BANNOCKBURN 26 DYSERT O'DEA 27 CRECY 28 POITERS 29 ROOSEBERKE 30 AJUBOUROTTA 31 SHREWSBURY 32 GRUNWALD 33 AGINCOURT 34 WAKEFIELD 35 NORTHAMPTON 36 TOWTON 37 MORTIMER'S CROSS 38 BARNET 3.9 TEWKESBURY 40 BOSWORTH FIELD THE BIT AT THE BACK
732AD 957 AD 1014 AD 1066AD 1066 AD 1066 AD 1071 AD 1081 AD 1086AD 1098 AD 1106 AD 1136 AD 1138 AD 1171 AD 1183 AD 1191 AD 1214 AD 1221 AD 1264AD 1265 AD 1266 AD 1297 AD 1297 AD 1302 AD 1314 AD 1318 AD 1346AD 1356AD 1382AD 1385 AD 1403 AD 1410 AD 1415 AD 1460 AD 1460AD 1461 AD 1461 AD 1471 AD 1471 AD 1485 AD
TOURS 732 AD ARAB INVASION OF EUROPE The Saracens had invaded Spain in 711 ad and by 712 AD were starting to cross the Pyrenees into Aquitania, but were repelled by Eudo Duke of Aquitania. The Saracen Governor Abd-er-Rahman took advantage of internal fighting in Aquitania and in 732 AD invaded. His invasion was of a punitive and loot-gathering nature and after destroying Eudos' forces, he plundered his way down towards Tours where he met Charles "Martel" (The Hammer) and his Frankish army.
ARMIES SARACENS (Andalusian) Approximately 55,000 men 20 CavI(O), 10 UCavI(F), 10 Spears R(I)(-1 facing spearsDBA) 4 Bow B(I), 6 Auxilia I(I), 10 Psiloi I(O), 1 General Abd-er-Rahman I Cav(O)
CAROLINGIAN FRANKS Approximately 30,000 men 6 Knights I(F), 14 Spears I(I). 6 Psiloi I(O). 1 General +1 Charles "Martel" Kn I(F).
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 1500 men; Loose= 1000 men; Open= 500 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Franks deploy first and the Saracens move first. VICTORY CON'DITION~: The Saracens must destroy 5 elements and the Franks must destroy 20 elements. The Saracen camp equals 5 elements for victory conditions.
Saracen Cavalry
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: the Saracen strength lay in their mobility, but Charles drew his shield wall up in a defile that could not be outflanked. The Saracen cavalry attacked head on but lost heavily and could not draw the Franks into the open. Despite the terrain the Franks managed to manoeuvre onto the Saracen's flank and killed Abder-Rahman. The Saracen army fled leaving many dead and nearly all their loot.
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ARBAQ957 AD BERBER KINGS Iran's Buyid rulers controlled large forces of Daylami infantry and Turkish "Ghulam" cavalry who often ended up fighting each other in internal disputes. In 957 the rebel leader Ruzbahar was encamped near the bridge over the Karkhel with a large Daylami infantry force. Muizz Al Dawla distrusted the loyalty of his own Daylami infantry so he left them in reserve and attacked with his Ghulams.
ARMIES ARAB EMPIRE
BUYID DAILAMI DYNASTIES
Muizz Al Dawla The Buyid Ruler Approximately 14,000 men 17 CavR(S), 17 L/CavI(O), 2 Spear, 2 Blade, 2 Psiloi,(4 Aux.I(S), 2Ps,I(O)) 1 General (Muizz Al Dawla) +1 Reg Cav(S)
ARAB EMPIRE
Rebel Leader Ruzbahar Approximately 15,000 men 10 CavR(S), 5 LJCavI(O), 8 Spear(Aux.R(S), 3 Auxilia(Bow.R(O), 5 Psiloi I(O) 1 General Ruzbahar Cav. R( S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: Ruzbahar deploys first, then Muizz Al Dawla. +1 when dicing for the river.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: Muizz Al Dawla must destroy 13 elements and Ruzbahar 13 elements. Let the rebel camp equal 2 elements for victory conditions.
K ~-------78 inches --------11~ HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Buyid Ruler attacked all day with hfa "Ghu1am" cavalry but failed to break the rebels. He finally used his own Daylami infantry to break through.
CLONTARF 1014 AD IRELAND versus the NORSEMEN Norsemen had settled around the coast of Ireland in the late 9th century but had not been absorbed into the Irish, which threatened the unity of Ireland under Brian Boru, high King of Ireland and Emperor of the Gael. The war began in 1013 but 1014 saw both sides drawing in powerful allies for a conflict which started as a domestic dispute and became a power struggle for Ireland. ARMIES NORSE IRISH Approximately 4,600 men 4 Blade,I(O), 2 Warband I(S), 6 Psiloi I(O), 12 Auxilia,I(S) 1 General. Spear R(I)
VIKINGS Approximately 3,800 men 4 Blade I(F), 12 Warband, 2 Psiloi,(12 Bd I(I);2 Ps.I(O)) 1 General. IBd (0)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Vikings deploy first and the Irish move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Vikings must destroy 8 elements and the Irish 6 elements.
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Vikings under Sitric, with North Leinster allies faced Malachy's and Murchad's Munstermen and Meatmen on the mofning of Good Friday, East of the Tolka. At this point Malachy's Meatmen halted and did not enter the battle, so Murchard's Munstermen formed a solid shieldwall and charged, fighting a straight battle of attrition. Eventually the Vikings were forced back and broke, but at the end of the battle Brian Born was killed by the Viking Brodar, the sea rover, and so the Empire disintegrated.
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GATE FULFORD 1066 AD CONQUEST OF BRITAIN. On Edward the Confessors death, he appointed Harold Godwinson as his successor. This appointment set in motion a power struggle for the English crown because other people thought they had a better claim to the throne. Gate Fulford was the fiSt major battle in this power struggle. Tostig, Harold's brother, having failed to take the throne himself, allied himself with Harald Hadraade of Norway, in the hope of taking Northern England.
ARMIES ANGLO DANISH
VIKING
Approximately 6,000 men 3 Blade I(O), 10 Spear I(O), 1 Psiloi I(O), 1 General Earls Edwin and Morcar Bd I (0)
Approximately 9,000 men 5 Bladel(O), 12 Warband,Bd.I(F) 2 Bow I(0),2 Psiloi I(O), 1 General - Harald and Tostig Bd I (0)
FIGURE SCALE: Close = 600 men; Loose = 400 men; Open = 200 men. DEPLOYMENT; The Anglo Danish deploy first. Count the River Ouse as impassible, the water filled ditch and marsh as rough terrain. Vikings move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Anglo Danish must destroy 7 elements and the Vikings 4 elements.
/
psiloi
DI"
ANGLO-SAXONS sh
I
( ,, I
I II I
I
-
I ! I I I I \marsh ~·
.
"'-----k 22 inches ---------?t IDSTORICAL OUTCOME; The Anglo-Danish held their line against the initial Viking attacks, but the Vikings broke through along the Ouse and the English forces fled into the marsh where they were slaughtered.
STANFORD BRIDGE CONQUEST OF BRITAJN The Battle of Gate Fulford left York defenceless and it surrendered shortly after the battle. Harold having heard of the defeat, quickly marched North, gathering troops on the way. He arrived at Stanford Bridge on the 25th September 1066. Tostig and Harald Hadraade's forces had camped at the crossing point of the river Derwent, and some speculation still surrounds whether or not the army had its armour with it. Certainly, it was not expecting Harold's army to attack.
ARMIES ANGLO DANISH Approximately 8, OOO men 3 Blade I (0), 10 Spear I (0), 1 Psiloi I (0), General+ 1 Harold Godwinson Bd I (0)
VIKJNG Approximately 9,000 men Force I 7 Warbands Bd I (F), 1 Psiloi I(O) Force 2 4Blade I (0),2Warbands,Bd I (0), 2 Bow I (0). 1 General Bd I (0) (Tostig and Hadraade).
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 600 men; Loose= 400 men; Open= 200 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Vikings deploy first. +2 to dice for river. The bridge will only allow one element to cross per turn. The Anglo-Danish move first. VICTORY CONDIDONS:The Anglo- Danish must destroy 5 elements, the Vikings 4 elements.
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Viking force I was trapped against the river and destroyed. Hadraade stayed behind the bridge and allowed Harold to cross it with the intent of defeating the Anglo-Danish when they had the river to their backs. The Vikings were slaughtered in the :final fight and Harald Hadraade and Tostig both died in the fighting.
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. HASTINGS 1066 AD CONQUEST OF BRITAIN William Duke of Normandy had been preparing for his invasion of England since the death of Edward the Confessor and on 27th September he set sail to claim the English crown. King Harold learned of the invasion shortly after he had defeated the Vikings at Stanford Bridge and had to force march back down to the South from York to face this new threat. William, having landed, waited for the English to surrender, but when this failed to happen, marched on London. At Caldbec Hill, Harold drew up his army blocking the road to London. ARMIES ANGLO DANISH Approximately 10,000 men 6 Blade I (0), 14 Spear I (1), 1 General, Harold. Bd I (0)
NORMAN Approx 3,000 Cav, 6,000 Foot 6 Knights l(F), 2 Cav (Lh 1(0)) 9 Spear 1(1), 8 Bowl(I). 1 General +1 William Kn I (F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 600 men; Loose = 400 men; Open = 200 men. DEPLOYMENT: Harold deploys first. and the Normans move first. Marsh, shaded areas and streams count as bad going. VICTORY CONDffiONS: The Normans must destroy 6 elements and the Anglo Danish 8 elements .
..,______ Z2 inches ---------~-
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Normans could not outflank the English who held a strong defensive position. The battle was reduced to a battle of attrition with Harold's shieldwall, unable to attack, being slowly worn down by the repeated Norman charges. In the end, the right flank fragmented and Harold was killed.
n ..........
"
MANZIKERT 1071 AD SELJUK INVASION OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE The Seljuk Turks had been pushing into the Byzantine Empire since 1067 AD and were now heading for the Byzantine heartlands. Emperor Romanus IV was preparing a huge but poorly trained army and intended capturing Armenia, so cutting off the Turks from their homelands. Garrisons and guard units were detached from both armies during these manoeuvres which made both armies smaller. When they finally met, the Byzantine army was stronger than the Turkish one. ARMIES KONSTANTINIAN BYZANTINE Approximately 56,000 men 5 Knights R (I), 17 Cav R(O), 17 Lh R(O) 5 Spear R(S), 5 BladeR(X), 5 Auxilia(~Ps.(S)) 11 Psiloi R (0), I(O) 1 General (Romanus) Cav R(S).
SELJUK TURK Approximately 39,500 men 23 Cav R(O), 28 UCavI(S), 5 Psiloi I( 0 ), 2General +l(Alp Arslan) Cav
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 1500; Loose= 1000; Open= 500 DEPLOYMENT: The Seljuk deploy first and move first. Byzantine camp is empty and equals 5 elements if captured. VICTORY CONDITIONS:The Seljuk Turks must destroy 21 elements and Byzantines must destroy 18 elements.
si:Uua
JURK
. I
psiloi
cav.
34 inche
1
Byzantine camp
'------L-.1-~
i t < - - - - - - - - - 64
inches-----
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Romanus led his army against the Turks who withdrew before it. The battle starts when Romanus, fearing that he was being drawn away from his camp, attempted to withdraw in the face of an illusive enemy. Confusion broke out amongst his army, and at that moment, the Turks attacked, turning a retreat into a rout.
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DURRAZZO 1081 AD NORMAN INCURSIONS ON THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Alexius Comnena's Byzantium was at odds with the Holy Roman Empire at this time, and so found itself facing an invasion ofNormans and Lombards under Robert Guiscard. The Normans marched out ofDyrfachium to face the numerically stronger Byzantine army and to ensure that they fought, their commander destroyed the bridge behind them, effectively cutting off a large part of Alexius' army, which was on a flank march in order to hit the Normans in the rear. ARMIES ALEXltJS COMNENA BYZANTINE SICILIAN NORMAN Approximately 36, 750 men Approximately 18,500 men Main Force: 15 Cav R(I), 14 Lh I(F), 6 Knightsl(F) ,4 Cav I(O), 2 Lh (Cavl(O)) 10 Blade(Bw R(O)), 5 Spear R(I), 16 Spear R(I), 4 Psiloi (R bw (I)) 10 Psiloi I (0),5Auxilia1(0), 1 General I Kn (F) 1 General(Alexius Comnena) Cav.R(O) (Robert Guiscard)
ForceB 7 Cav R(), 7 Lh I(F), 4 Blade (Bw R(I)), 2 Spear R(I),2 Auxilia I(0),4 Psiloi I(O). Sub-Gen Cav. R(O) FIGURE /SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose = 500 men ; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT; The Normans deploy first and Byzantines move first. +2 to dice for river. Count the town as a camp for defenders. Dice for Byzantine Force B to come on. A 6 is needed. Force B counts as casualties until it arrives on the board. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Normans must destroy 29 elements and the Byzantines must destroy 10 elements.
the
0
Byzantine force B
river
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NORMANS
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BYZANTINE l.cav
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HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Byzantine flank force failed to arrive and the main force attacked the Normans in a piecemeal fashion, with the right flank getting ahead of the main body and being cut to pieces. The rest of the Byzantine army melted away and Alexius only just escaped.
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ZALLACA 1086 AD CHRISTIAN v MUSLIM WARS IN SPAIN The Spanish Christian force tried to surprise the Muslim Murabit camp in a dawn attack on a Muslim holy day. ARMIES AND ULUS IAN Approximately 25,000 men 14 Cav R(O), 14 Lh I(O), 14 Spear I(I), 14 Psiloi I(O). 2 Generals Cv R(O).
FEUDAL SPA.tYIBH
Approximately 30,000 men 1OKnightsl(F), 10 CavI( 0),1 OLh I( 0 ), 16_ Spearl(I),5 xBowI(I), 10 Psiloi I(O) 2 Generals Kn I(F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Spanish deploy and move first. -2 when diciiig for river. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Spanish must destroy 18 elements and the Andulusians 20 elements. Count the Muslim camp as 2 elements and the Spanish camp as 4 elements.
-o
SPANISH
low
hill
~ CCV.
HISTORICAL OUTCOME; The Spanish forces were spotted by the Muslims who were on the hills and a battle developed as the main Christian force attacked the Muslim camp; TI1is attack bogged down and the Muslims managed to send troops towards the Spanish camp. This started a retreat by the Spanish towards their own camp. This retreat became a rout.
ANTIOCH 1098 AD THE CRUSADES Having taken Antioch in the first Crusade, the Crusaders soon found themselves besieged by a large Muslim force under Kerboga. The Crusaders under Bohemund were in a desperate situation and so, assembling in small groups in Antioch, sallied out to drive off the Muslims. ARMIES CRUSADERS (EARLY) 1,250 Knights 8,400 Infantry 2 KnightsI(F),4 Longbow!(!), 2 Aux:iliaI(O). 7 Spear!(!), 2 Psiloi I(O), 1 General. Kn I(F)
SELJUK TURK 11,000 Cavalry, 5,300 Infantry 8 Cav I(S), 30 Lhl(S), 1 Spear(Bw.I(I), 10 Aux:ilia I(O), 1 General.Cv.I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close = 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men DEPLOYMENT: The Turks deploy first and the Crusaders move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Crusaders must destroy 16 elements and the Turks 5 elements. The Turkish camp is equal to 5 elements if captured.
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Crusaders having sallied out, drove straight at the Muslim camp. The Turks, unable to get at the Crusaders flanks, soon fell back. 111e Turks would not close with the Crusaders, but in a final charge, the Turks were completely smashed.
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TINCHEBRAI 1106 AD ENGLISH CONQUEST OF NORMANDY Henry I's 1106·campaign in Normandy began with the sii;ige ofTinchebrai. Duke Robert ofNormandy attempted to raise the siege with a small but experienced army. ARMIES ANGLO NORMAN 2,400 cavalry, 5,000 infantry approx., 6 Knightsl(F), 4 Blade(Sp I(S)),3xBowI(I) 2 Auxilia(Bw I(I)), 6 Spear!(!), 5 Psiloil(O) 1 General. Kn I(F)
FEUDAL FRENCH 700 knights, 5,000 infantry approx. 2 Knightsl(F), 6 Spear!(!), 6 xBowPs I(O), 4 Aux(Bd I(I), 1 General. Kn I (F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 350 men; Loose= 250 men; Open= 125 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Anglo Normans deploy and move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Anglo Normans must destroy 6 elements and the French 8 elements.
~ knights~ [;ii c:::::::J
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NORMANS
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kn;ghts
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knights
~~---------------------------------------~ --..,..-----26 inches----------
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The battle started with the French knights in the left flank charging into the English knights and breaking them, only to be stopped by the English second line. At this, the Breton light troops hidden in the woods charged the French flank. Duke Robert and many of his men made their escape as the French army fell apart. The whole fight lasted no more than an hour, but it gave the English p9ssession ofNormandy. ·
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CARDIGAN 1136 AD THE WELSH ENGLISH WARS lst January 1136 saw a Welsh \ictory against the Earl ofWanvick which started a
general uprising in South Wales. This uprising spread throughout Wales and when Richard FitzGilbert was killed in an ambush, the Welsh uprising became a major danger to King Stephen's }lold on Wales. The Constable of Cardigan Castle summoned the knights from the estuary of Neath and Dufi and was joined by Robert FitzMartin, William FitzOdod and the sons of Gerald to face a raiding Welsh army lead by Owain and Cadwalader. ARMIES ANGLO NORMAN Approximately 10,000 men 10 Knightsl(F) 2 xBowI(I),
WELSH
Approximately 10,000 men 4 Cav I(O), 22 Longbow I(O), 11 Auxilial(X), 7 Psiloi I( 0 ), 1 General.Cav I(O)
6 Spear!(!), 6 Psiloil(O), 1 General. Kn I(F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 375 men; Loose= 250 men; Open= 125 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Welsh deploy first and the Normans move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Normans must destroy 14 elements and the Welsh 8
elements.
30
•l!!!!!~=::J knights I psifoi
:wear
I ii I xbow
11 I If I I I xboN
ENGLISH
I psiloi
r:=====:::::;;::;:;::;:;::;;;::::;,~~~l~F/:;;::=======================~,~ •Card' an. 71: inches
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Normans started the battle with a massed charge by the knights, only to be shot to pieces by the Welsh longbows. This attack was repeated but met with the same fate and, as the knights fell back, the Welsh charged down the hill. 111e English line broke and fled back towards Cardigan. The bridge over the Teifi collapsed, turning the rout into a bloodbath.
STANDARD 1138 AD SCOTIISH ENGLISH WARS Matilda, Herny I's daughter, whose claim to the English throne had been set aside in favour of Stephen's, was supported by David, King of Scotland. He hoped to unseat Stephen, or at least regain land forfeited in William's reign. The Scots army was unfortunately less honourable in intent than their king. They ravaged and sacked everything in their path and provoked the English into the declaration of a Holy War against them. An army was rapidly formed under Thurstan, Archbishop of York and Lieutenant of the North.
ARMIES ANGLO NOR.MAN Approximately 15,000 men
SCOTS COMMON AR.MY Approximately 15,000 men
1 Knightl(F), 2 Blade(Sp I(S), 12 Spear I(I) 7 Amcilia Bw.I(I), 17 Psiloi I(O), 1 General. Kn I(F)
2 KnightsI(F), 4 Warbands I(F), 6 BladeI(O), 14 Amcilia Hd I(S), 3 Psiloi I(O), 1 General.Kn I(F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 700 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first and the Scots move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Scots must destroy 13 elements and the Anglo Normans 13 elements.
auxilia
kn; ts/auxilia
c:=::J
psiloi
~
r=l
· warband/auxi lia SCOTS & REBELS
=,
wo°9blade
26
inches
_1 1_~_f_!r_,{_,R_P_1_1_ 1
ENGLISH
1
'-·-•
s~ear/blade
1 _,_.!psi 1oi
.
knight
l!--------38
inches-------~
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Scottish deployment was dictated by the Galwegians demand to charge first. Historically the English shot them to pieces with missile fire. Unfortunately tWs won't work under the rules, so I downgraded the archers to psiloi and let the Scots charge the English spear and blade. The effect will be roughly the same. The impetuous Scottish centre was chopped to bits by the English but, instead of fleeing, the Scots just kept attacking until they were wiped out. I've adjusted the victory conditions to simulate tWs.
DUBLIN 1171 AD NORMAN CONQUEST OF IRELAND The Normans first went to Ireland in 1169 in support ofMacMurrogh, who was trying to reclaim his lands, but by 1170, the Normans under Richard FitzGilbert had set about conquering Ireland. They had driven the Norse Irish from Dublin in 1170, but the next · year the Vikings were back with Norsemen from Scotland and the Isle of Man. The Normans, preferring to fight in the open, left the defences of Dublin and advanced to meet the Norman army. ARMIES ANGLO NORMAN & IRISH ALLIES VIKING & NORSE IRISH ALLIES Normans approx 2,500 men Vikings approx 3,000 men 1 KnightR(0),3 Cav(Kn I(O), 2xBow I(I), 3 Bladel(F) 10 WarbandsI(F), 3 Spear I(I), 3 Psiloi I(O). General Kn I(O) 1 Psiloi I(S). General Bd I(O) Irish allies approx 3,600 Irish allies approx 2,500 8 Auxilial(O), 9 PsiloiI(S), 12 Auxilial(0)12 Psiloi I(S), 1 Gen eral.Aux I( 0) 1 General.Aux I(O) FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men ;Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Vikings deploy first and the Normans move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Vikings must destroy 9 elements and the Normans 12 elements.
NORSE ·TnISH
HISTORICAL OUTCOME:the Vikings were lead by "John the Wode or Mad". The inJtial Viking charge drove the Norman line back towards Dublin. Then Richard de Cogan charged his cavalry round the Vikings flank and hit them in the rear. The Vikings turned to face the charge, but were trapped and wiped out. Rory O'Connor, and the High King's army was nearby at this time and later tried to besiege the No1mans, but were defeated, leaving Ireland firmly in Norman hands.
KURIKARA 1183 AD GEMPEIWAR Kurikara was the turning point in the great civil war known as the Gempei War of 1180 to 1185 AD. The war was between two major clans, the Taira and the M:inamoto, for the control of the person of the Emperor. By 1183 the Taira had gathered a massive army with the intent of marching into the heart ofM:inamoto territory. At the Kurikara pass Yoshinaka, the M:inamoto commander, intended to ambush them. ARMIES TAITA EARLY SAMURAI Approximately 40,500 men 9 Cavl(O), 9 Bladel(F), 18 Auxilial(X), 1 General Cv I(O)
MINAMOTO EARLY SAMURAI Approximately 32,000 men 5 Cavl(O), 8 Bladel(F), 15 Aux.I(X) 1 Scythed Chariot, Exp I(O) (stampeding cattle) 3 Generals Cav.I(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 1,500 men; Loose 1,000 men. DEPLOYMENT: Taira deploys first and Yoshinaka moves first. The Group marked "A" are Yoshlnaka's troops and should be about a quarter of the force. These enter the battle on a die role of 5 or 6. They do not count as casualties or affect the victory conditions if they do not arrive. VICTORY CONDffiONS: Taira must destroy 9 elements and Yoshinaka 12 elements. Do not count the scythed chariot towards victory conditions.
:{)
.~ R
_l,....______ ~-----,----61+ inch
· IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: Yoshinaka had to hold the advancing Taira army whilst his rear attack manoeuvred into position, so he fought a stylised battle of individual samurai combats throughout the day. Then, as night fell, he charged his entire army at the Taira, and drove them into the ravine marked rough terrain.
Page - 17
ARSUF 1191 AD THE THIRD CRUSADE. On the 4th July 1187, the Franks were crushed at the battle ofHattin which lead to the collapse of the Frankish hold on the Holy Land. Conrad, holding out in Tyre, appealed for help, which started the third crusade. The siege of Tyre was lifted and Richard I attempted to march on Jerusalem ARMIES CRUSADERS Approximately 15,300 men 6 Knightsl(F).1 Cav(Lhl(O)), 9 Spearl(I), 6 xBowI(0)~12 Psiloil(O), 1 Wagon. 1 General +1. Kn I(F)
SELJlJQ TURK Approximately 13,800 men 8 CavR(O), 19 Lh I(O), 2 Spear(Aux I(O), 13 Psiloi I(S), 1 General. Cv R(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Crusaders deploy first and the Turks move first. Count the wagon as a camp and allow it as 4 elements for victory conditions. VICTORY CONDITIONS: Turks must destroy 11 elements and the Crusaders 10 elements.
ill
I;;;:::=--1 4 IA:ov. ca1.
:::::=- I Vcov.
35
incrc<;
k IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The Muslim tactic was to attack the enemy with n:llssile fire from a massed body of skirmishers until he was so wounded and disorganised that a final charge would meet with little opposition. Richard's army was well disciplined and well armoured, so when the Muslims finally closed with the Crusaders they were smashed by the crusader's counter attack.
BOUVINES 1214 AD ANGLO IMPERIAL INVASION ON FRANCE King John of England, supported by the Holy Roman Empire and disaffected French vassals, invaded France with the intent ofreclaiming lost lands from King Philip Augustus. The invasion was in the form of a two pronged attack with the English attacking in the south and the Imperialist army under Otto IV attempting to capture Paris. Philip left a small force to shadow the English and turned towards the Imperialists. ARMIES EARLY IMPERIALIST Approximately 6,000 Cav, 18,000 Foot. 8 KnightI(O) 4 Cav(Kn.R(I),4 Blade R(O), 10 PikeR(I), 6 SpearI(I), 4 xBow I(I), 4 Psiloil(O) 3 Generals Kn R(S).
FEUDAL FRENCH Approximately 7,000 Cav 15,000 Foot. 10 KnightsI(S), 5 Cav I(O), 10 xBow R(O), 10 SpearR(I), 4 Auxilial(X), 3 Generals.Kn I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The French deploy and move first . VICTORY CONDITIONS: French must destroy 13 elements and Imperialists 13 elements.
•I _.
-'Y~ng, ~k~.9~ k1'l9hts
UP.10
DIIID
'I' lLl.llllJ1 auxr 10,s~ ~ ~,spaor.
xbow
xbow
xboN
FRENCH JM PERT ALTSfS ~ spear.xb:lw.psik>i
~r;txmHllllllH ~ ~
kn~hts/cov
k
m!!!::l knights
81111118
E::l .
I
kni.;1htA:cw.
44 inches
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Tue French started the attack with a cavalry charge from their right flank. This was repulsed and soon the French right was engaged in hand to hand combat. The Imperialists attacked in the centre and defeated the French infantry, only to be cut up by the French knights. On the left, the French broke througJi the enemy, capturing its leaders. The Imperialist army continued to fight but with its tight flank gone, it was soon ovexwhelmed.
RIVER INDUS 1221 AD MONGOL EXPANSION The Mongols initial contact with the Khwarizmian Empire was a bad one, which quickly led to the Mongols invading. After the Mongols had proved that hiding in the cities was no answer to their attacks, most of the Khwarizmian Empire fell to the Mongols. Only Jelal continued to resist and the Mongols under the Khan turned to crush them once and for all. ARMIES
K.HW ARIZMIAN
MONGOL Approximately 530,000 men 38 CavR(O), 57 Lh I(S), 10 Spear, 10 Psilo~(20 I Hd(O)) 4 Generals. Cv R(S)
Approximately 60,000 men 35 CavR(S), 53 Lh I(F),9 BowR(O), 9 Spear (Aux I(X),) 3 Generals. Cv R(S)
FIGURE SCALE; Close= 1,500 men; Loose= 750 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT; Khwarizmian deploy and move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: Khwarizmian must destroy 38 elements and the Mongols 3 5 elements. Count the Khwarizmian camp as 5 elements.
. MONGOLS
ps;1o;1
em
s~r~cav.
l.cav.
l.cav.
l.cav.
t.cav. cov.
tc:=:=::: F
's:::
E
l.cav.
I ;;::;-:1 I
;;;;z-- I
cm:;mt::l bov.r1speor
KHWAR!ZM!AN
~------_..;,.
camp _ _ _ _ _ 106 inches-----------~
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Khwarizmian opened the battle with their right flank attacking the Mongols and driving them back. Jelal then attacked in the centre, which also drove the Mongols back. The Khan launched his reserve in the centre at the victorious Khwarizmian right \.Ving and broke it. At this time the Mongol right wing outflanked the enemy, breaking their left wing and sweeping into their camp. Jelal's army was trapped against the Indus and destroyed.
Page· 20
LEWES 1264 AD SThION DE MONTFORT Hemy ill raised Simon de Montfort to a position of power, but his patronage waned. Simon turned to the barons for support. De Montfort soon became a bitter opponent of the King and when Hemy tried to remove the baronial controls laid down in the Magna Carta and the "Provisions of Oxford", the country was thrown into civil war. Simon de Montfort led the Barons who were intent on forcing the King to accept baronial control. ARMIES SIMON de MONTFORT Approximately 8,000 men 12 Knights I(), 6 Spear I(O), 3 xBowR(O), 9 Longbow,I(O), 3 Auxilia I(X), 3 Generals.Kn I(O)
HENRY ill FEUDAL ENGLISH Approximately 9, OOO men 12 KnightsI(O), 6 SpearI(I), 3 xBowR(O), 12 LongbowI(O), 6 AuxiliaI(X), 3 Generals (2 @-1) Kn.I(O).
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 400 men; Loose = 200 men. DEPLOYMENT: De Montfort deploys first. De Segrave should have no lmights and half the knights should be in reserve. Hemy ill moves first. Divide his army equally. VICTORY CONDITIONS: Hemy must.destroy 11 elements, de Montfort 13 elements.
T 32
!nche_
c-·
--, de clare
de monttord
de segrave
1.---~-- - C~OR~N~W~@.~L ~ ~ -=1- ~- - - - -H~E~N~R-_Y_I_I_I_-:_-_-__:~·~P~R-I-N~C~E~E~D~W~'A~R~D~:. ._.,_ _ , ....
K--------·······------
80 Inches
------------4
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Prince Edward opened the battle by charging into de Segrave's Battle and driving it into the woods. During this time de Montfort and de Clare attacked Hemy and Cornwall and forced both leaders to retire from the field. By the time Edward returned from slaughtering de Segrave's troops, Henry's army had been crushed agah1st the river Ouse.
P11~e
- 21
EVESHAM 1265 AD SIMON de MONTFORT The year after Henry's defeat at Lewes much of de Montfort's support slipped away. The country was still in a state of chaos as many parts still supported the King, even though de Montfort ruled the country. De Montfort now set out to put down rebellions in Hereford and Pembroke. During this time Prince Edward escaped and soon had an army to support him. Edward, having destroyed the crossing places on the Severn, trapped de Montfort in Wales and then attacked him at Evesham, which lies in a loop of the Avon. ARMIES SIMON de MONTFORT FEUDAL ENGLISH PRINCE EDWARD Approx 1,000 Mounted Approx 350 Mounted 7,000 Foot. 5,000 Foot. 2 Knights I(O), 5 Spear I(I), 5 Knights I(O), 8 Spear I(I), 5 xBowR(O), 10 Welsh LongbowI(O), 3 xBowR(O); 12 LongbowI(O), 4 AuxiliaI(X), 3 Auxilia I(X), 3 Generals. Kn I(O) 1 General Simon de Montfort. Kn I(O) FIGURE SCALE: Close = 400 men; Loose = 200 men. DEPLOYMENT: Prince Edwarq deploys first and de Montfort moves first. Divide Edward's army into equal thirds with Edward's being larger by any odd numbers. VICTORY CONDmONS: Edward must destroy 8 elements and de Montfort 10 elements. SPECIAL RULE: De Montfort's Welsh Longbow started to desert as the battle opened. Each move dice ld6 per Longbow element. A 6 =element deserts. Remove it but do not count them for victory conditions.
T
,,~i..
1
~
EV~~ \
.
r
~~\
--~
,. klf----ss l n c h C ! s - - - - - - - -
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: De Montfort allowed Edward to get so close because he was waiting for a reinforcing army to join him. ( Edward had destroyed this army at Kenilworth.) By the time de Montfort realised that it was Edward approaching, the trap bad closed. He attacked Edward's Battle in the hope of killing the Prince, but he knew that all was lost. (He is quoted as saying "Now God have mercy on our souls, for our bodies are theirs".) He died with his army.
BENEVENTO 1266 AD THE SICILIAN CROWN The Hohenstaufen line of Sicilian rulers came to power in 1194, after deposing the Norman ruler. For the next 60 years the Hohenstaufen rulers gained power in Southern Italy, but were so hated by the Popes that a Holy War was declared against them. Initially the Papacy had supremacy over the Hohenstaufens but this was lost at Foggia and Manfred Hohenstaufen became the King of Sicily. Manfred had a rival for the throne, Conradin. In support of Conradin, the Pope and the King of France enter negotiations, but finally agreed to place Charles of Anjou on the Sicilian throne, and Conradin was forgotten.
ARMIES FEUDAL FRENCH
HOHENSTAUFENSICILIAN Approximately 3,250 Cav, 15,000 foot. 6 Knightsl(F), 1 Lh R(F), 5 SpearR(I), 5 xBowR(O), 10 AuxiliaR(S), 15 PsiloiR(O), 1 Genera~ Manfred Hohenstaufen. Kn I(F)
Approximately 3,500 Cav, 9,500 Foot. 6 Knights R(O), 1 Cav I(O), 6 Spear!(!), 10 xBow I(O), I "General+ 1, Charles Count of Anjou. Kn I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: Charles deploys first and Manfred moves first. He should be placed in the middle body of knights on the road to Benevento. VICTORY CONDffiONS: Charles must destroy 14 elements and Manfred 7 elements.
52
1 inches
3
~\IJ
i
~~
~------ 72 inches -------~-;ll
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Manfred's infantry attacked first up the hill and initially pushed back the French. A charge by French knights then smashed the lightly armed infantry. Manfred's knights were still deploying from Benevento when the battle started and by the time they attacked, little remained of the Hohenstaufen army. Manfred's final charge succeeded in ending the Hohenstaufen line.
Page- 23
STIRLING BRIDGE 1297 AD ANGLO SCOTTISH WARS Edward I had appointed three high handed barons to oppress Scotland for him, and, as a result, Scotland was soon in rebellion against English rule. William Wallace had come forth to lead the Scots and was besieging Dundee when he learned of a large English force under Warenne advancing on Stirling. Stirling was strategically important and had to be defended so Wallace quickly occupied it. The English force outnumbered him 2: 1 so he decided to ambush them as they crossed the only bridge into Stirling.
ARM JES SCOTS COMMON ARMY
FEUDAL ENGLISH Warenne. Approx 19,600. 28 KnightsI(O), 14 Spear I(I), 28 Longbow I(O), 7 xBow R(O), 7 Auxilia I(X), 1 General Kn R(S)
Wallace. Approx 10,000 men 2 KnightsI(I), 20 Pike I(I), 7 WarbandsI(F), 2 Pslloil(O), 2 Generals I(F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close 400 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: Deploy the English only in 3 equal Battles. The Scots are not put on board, but the force is divided into three groups as shown. The River Forth is impassible except at the ford, which must be diced for as a river. The Scots may place any or all of their three Battles on the board at any time they choose. The bridge has 3 . defense points. Each time a knight crosses the bridge dice ld6. A 6 loses the bridge a defense point. At 0 defense points it collapses. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The English must destroy 10 elements and the Scots 26 elements
I l~~___:H 43
inches
==:::::tt::=::::.____J
r-----· ···---
70 inches
-----------t
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Wallace's army stood concealed on the reverse slope and so Warenne sent his first battle across the bridge. Once across they found themselves fighting for their lives. Wallace seeing the English were not using the ford, sent his own troops across to harass the English flank. Warenne realising his first Battle was going to be annihilated, charged his knights across the bridge, which collapsed. The battle was over and the English fled as best they could.
FALKIRK 1298 AD ANGLO SCOTTISH WARS The year after Stirling Bridge found the Scots on the defensive, as King Edward I invaded Scotland. Wallace fell back to Toiwood forest and enlarged his army. Edward finally came upon the Scots positioned in a hill two miles from Falkirk. The base of the hill was protected by a treacherous bog. ARMIES EDWARD I FEUDAL ENGLISH Approximately 2,500 Horse 16,000 Foot. 5 Knightsl(O), 3 xBowR(O), 8 Longbowl(O), 4Spear1(1), 2 Amcilia I(X), 1 General Kn R(S)
SCOTS COMMON ARMY 200 Horse, 10,000 Foot, 1 UCav, (or Knight) Knl(I) 12 Pikel(I), 4 Psiloil(O), I General. Kn I(F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men: Loose= 500 men; Open 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Scots deploy first and the English mcwe 'first. Split the English infantry into three roughly equal Battles. VICTORY CONDITIONS: English must destroy 5 elements and the Scots must destroy 7 elements.
IZJLcav
SCOTS p~
pike
111111111111111
infantry
r
,___
intontry 76 inches
infantry ~
HISTORICAL .OUTCOME: the English initially attacked across the bog but quickly found the swamp impassible and so the two flanks moved around the swamp to attack the Scots' flanks. The English quickly defeated the light troops and cavalry but the destruction of the pike took longer. In the end English archers were needed to shoot the pike blocks to pieces before they could be broken.
COURTRAI 1302 AD FLEMISH REVOLT AGAINST FRANCE In May 1302 the Flemings arose in revolt against King Philip ofFrance, who had imprisoned their Count and annexed his lands. Courtrai was one of the few towns the Flemish had retained when Count Robert of Artois invaded. When the French army anived, the garrison, commanded by William of Juliers, used the river Groeninghebeke as a water obstacle rather than face the French in the siege of the town. Courtrai could have no outside help and a siege could only lead to defeat. ARMIES FEUDAL FRENCH Approximately 15,000 men
LOW COUNTRIES Approximately 12,000 men 2 KnightsI(O), 11 Pike R(I), 2 BladeR(X), 2 xBowR(O), 1 Psiloi R(O), 1 General. Kn R(I)
14 KnightsI(S), 2 Cav I(O), 2 xBowI(O), 2 SpearR(I), 1 Amcilia I(X), 1 General Kn I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose = 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The French deploy and move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The French must destroy 6 elements and·the Flemish 7 elements. Count Courtrai as a camp equal to 2 victory points if captured.
courtai
FLEMISH
r:a
pike
11111111111
~
I xbow, psiloi -m~sh ••-
....
.... .. marsh ..,,
"" "' ..,,,. -
... ...., .....
...__ _ _.-Ix bow.spear. ouxilio •l!!!!!!!~~===J knights/cav. •l!!!!!~~==J knights 33 irches
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: After an initial attack (no more than a missile exchange in fact) by infantry across the stream, the Count of Artois ordered his cavalry to charge the enemy foot head on through his own foot. Tiiis was doomed to failure against the pike, but Artois just repeated the attack until he was killed. The French then retreated.
Page - 26
BANNOCKBURN 1314 AD ANGLO SCOTTISH WARS The Scottish King Robert the Bruce was determined to remove all English positions in Scotland and continued to attack the English. In response Edward I raised a huge army to confront and defeat him. The Scots were besieging Stirling Castle and so Edward intended to catch them there. After initial reconnaissance skirmishes, the two armies faced each other at Bannockburn on a marshy area known as the Kerse. ARMIES FEUDAL ENGLISH ARMY Edward I with 20,000 foot 3,000 Horse. 6 KnightsI(O), 35 LongbowI(O), 5 Auxilia I(X), I General. Kn R( S)
SCOTS COMMON ARMY The Bruce with 14,000 foot 1,000 Horse. 1 KnightI(O) 2 Lh (Kn I(I)), 16 Pike I(I), 4 Psiloi I( 0 ), I General. Kn I(F)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men ;Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT; The Scots deploy fust and the English move fust. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Scots must destroy 15 elements and the English 7 elements. I. bow & ouxilia
18 inch s
~ight~ r;lENGLISHr;J
tzm uuillf°!illm
l.cc;iv & knights
pke
n m
,----, '----'psiloi
~ - - - - - 3 0 inches ------~
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The English attempted to break the shiltrons with head on charges by its knights, but this was not going to work. The English archers were unable to get into the battle and attempted to outflank the Scots. They were stopped by the Scottish cavalry and light troops. The Scots now outflanked the English and drove them back. Soon the whole English army collapsed and fled.
DYSERT O'DEA 1318 AD IRISH ENGLISH WARS The Scottish wars against Edward II of England spilled over into Ireland when Edward Bruce invaded Ireland to distract Edward II's forces from their main task. Initially the Irish welcomed the Scots and even offered them their·crown. However, the Scots intent was plunder an4 not conquest and they sacked both sides with equal ferocity. The Scots intervention loosened the grip the English held on the Irish and opened the way for an Irish rebellion. ARMIES FEUDAL ENGLISH Approximately 4,500 men 5 KnightsI(O), 2 xBowR(O), 5 Longbow I(O), 2 Amcilia I(X), 7 Spear I(I), 1 General Richard de Clare Kn R(S)
MEDIEVAL ffiISH Approximately 7,500 men O'Dea 2 Lh.I(0),3 BladeI(O), 4 Auxl(O), 3 Psiloi I(I). O'Hehlr 1 Cavl(O), 2 Lh I(O), 9 Amcilia I(O), 3 Psiloi I(O). O'Brian 1 Cav I(O), 2 Lh I(O), 9 Auxilia I(O), 3 Psiloil(O). 3 Generals -1. Lh I(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200.men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: Deploy O'Dea :first , then the English. The English move :first. Dice each Irish turn ld6 per side (O'Brian and O'Hehlr) O'Brian needs 5 or 6, O'Hehlr 6 to come on. -2 off the dice when dicing for ford-ability of all rivers and streams. COMMAND: The English get ld6 +I; the Irish get ld6 per Genera~ but can only use that score on its own troops. VICTORY CONDmONS: The Irish must destroy 7 elements, the English must destroy 4 elements. On the arrival of each Irish force +5 elements to the English victory conditions.
T
...
arrrval of O'Hehir
k
68 inches
--7j
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: Richard de Clare was on a punitive raid on the O'Deas, who had been stealing his cattle, when he encountered the O'Dea force. After a skirmish O'Dea fell back to the slight hill and de Clare pressed the attack. O'Brian, however, was close by and quickly came to O'Dea's aid. The English had turned to face this force, while still pressing the attack on O'Dea, when O'Hehir came into the English rear in a classic 3 point ambush. Very few of the English escaped.
CRECY 1346 AD THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR Rivalry between Philip VI ofFrance and Edward III of England led Edward to throw off his vassalage to Philip and claim the throne ofFrance by birthright. Philip seized Edward's province of Guienne and Edward responded by a series of expeditions to Flanders and Guienne. In 1346 Edward launched another expedition, but due to a bad start, found himself trying to cross the Seine to F1anders. Philip, with a large army, now opposed Edward, who turned to face him at Crecy. ARMIES
100 YEARS WAR ENGLISH Edward III with 6,500 foot 2,500 men at arms. 2 KnightsR(I), 4 BladeR(S), 28 LongbowR(S), 5 Auxilial(X), 3 Generals (2@ -1) Kn R(O)
MEDIEVAL FRENCH Philip VI with approx 30,000 men. 50 Knights I(S), 10 xBowR(O), 20 Auxilia I(X), 1 General. Kn I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close = 500 men; Loose= 200 men. DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first. The rough terrain represents potholes dug to counter cavalry and should only count as rough for them. French deployment: deploy the lst Battle; the 2nd Battle arrives on a ld6 = 4,5,6 diced each move; the 3rd Battle arrives on a 5,6 diced only after the 2nd Battle arrives. VICTORY CONDmONS: French must destroy 13 elements an:d the English 26 elements. All the French are considered on. the board whether they turn up or not.
§2ND
11
.1
JRD
11<-------·-- 30 INCHES -------------,1 IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The English prepared their positions and awaited the French. The French vanguard came upon the English and instead of waiting till the whole force was arranged, attacked. The Genoese crossbow men soon lost the fuefight against the English and so the knights charged in, were disordered by the potholes, attacked in an unco-ordinated manner and were soon destroyed. Philip having seen his vanguard destroyed, made an attempt with his second battle but soon withdrew.
Page - 29
POITIERS 1356 AD THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR In the summer of 1356 the Black Prince, eldest son of the English King, set out from Bordeaux to carry fire and sword to the heart of France. He intended to link up with Edward III. By September the Prince was trying to find a crossing place across the river Loire. As he rested his troops, he learned that the King of France, with a large army, had crossed the Loire at Blois and was bearing down on him. Initially he tried to retreat, but his army was encumbered with booty and could not outrun the French, so the Black Price turned to fight it out. ARMIES
100 YEARS WAR ENGLISH Approximately 6,000 men 3 KnightsR(I), 6 BladeR(S), 8 Longbow R(R), 4 Amcilia I(X), 3 Generals Kn R(O)
MEDIEVAL FRENCH Approximately 20,500 men 2 KnightsI(S), 40 BladeI(S), 12 x:BowR(O), 8 AuxiliaI(X), 4 Generals (3 @-1) Kn I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 375 men; Loose= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first and the French move first. Count the hedge as bad going. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The French must destroy 7 elements and the English 20 elements.
1
£BQ!QiKi II
blade fJiJC1-IN 1111111
,,-,-, ... . ,. ...,...,....,!blade _ _a;,___,olade
l'!
36
inche
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Black Prince took up a good defensive position and waited for the French to attack. King John II of France, remembering Crecy, dismounted nearly all his knights. His first Battle of crossbow and javelin men, backed up by some mounted knights, engaged the English at the hedge, but were defeated by Salisbury outflanking them. 111e second French Battle, all of dismounted knights, led by the Dauphin, charged in but failed to break the English. As they fell back, they disordered the Battle behind them. At this the English attacked and drove the French back into the plain. King John's Battle remained undamaged and soon the English were struggling, but the English knights outflanked the French foot knights. King John was captured, and the French fled.
Page - 30
ROOSEBERKE 1382 AD FLEMISH FRENCH WARS The maniage of Philip the Bold of Burgundy to Margaret, daughter of Louis de Male, Count of Flanders, brought disastrous consequences to the almost independent cities of Flanders, and in particular, Ghent. Ghent maintained such hostility towards Louis, that Louis turned to France for help. The French offensive soon defeated Ypres and Bruges and left only Ghent under Philip of Artevelde to resist him. ARMIES MEDIEVAL FRENCH Approximately 13,500 men 12 Knightsl(S), 2 Bladel(S), 4 xBow R(O), 8 Auxilia I(X), 3 Generals ( 2 @-1) Kn I(S)
LOW COUNTRIES Approximately 40,000 men 3 Knightsl(O), 36 Pike R(O), 10 BladeR(X), 5 Bow R(O), 6 Psiloi R( 0 ), I General Kn R(I)
FIGURE SCALE: Close 750 men; Loose= 500 men: Open= 250 men DEPLOYMENT: The Flemish deploy and move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Flemish must destroy 8 elements and the French 20 elements. FLEMISH
--
kniahts
xbow/psiloi pike/blade
v.~~~~~~~~>I ~
26inches
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: 111e Flemish left a good defensive position to attack the French. Marching in a dense mass across the "Golden Mount", they drove in the French centre but failed to protect their flanks and were hit in both flanks by the French knights. Now the Flemish dense formation worked against them and, unable to manoeuvre, they were slaughtered.
Page - 31
AJUBOUROTTA 1385 AD THE WAR OF PORTUGUESE SUCCESSION In 1383 Fernando I died leaving no lawful successor to the throne, which was then
claimed by King Juan of Castile. Most Portuguese did not want a Castillian ruler, so when a bastard son ofFeinando claimed the throne, they appointed him as King Jolo I. King Juan I immediately invaded. ARMIES PORTUGUESE Approximately 5,000 foot 2,000 Horse. 4 Knightsl(O), 5 Spear I(I), 2 xBow I(O), I General. Kn I(O)
SPANISH Approximately 10,000 foot 20,000 Horse. 14 Knights I(O), 12 Lh I(O), 7 SpearI(I), 3 xBowI(I), 3 AuxiliaI(I), 3 Psiloi I(O), I Baggage, I General. Kn I(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose = 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: Split the Spanish into three equal Battles with the General and baggage in the last Battle. Deploy the Spanish first. The Portuguese move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Portuguese must destroy 14 elements and the Spanish 4 elements. Count the Spanish baggage as 2 elements for victory conditions.
rear
aljuborroto
>t HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Spanish army was in line of march when it contacted the deployed Portuguese force. The Portuguese immediately attacked a leaderless vanguard, and quickly routed them. The Portuguese then proceeded to attack the centre Battle, which was still marching hard to catch the vanguard. The centre Battle was promptly routed and the battle ended in Ajubourotta with the Portuguese capturing the Spanish baggage left in the rout.
SHREWSBURY 1403 AD THE HOTSPUR REBELLION The battle ofHomildon Hill gave the English lords a great number of very prized Scottish nobles for ransom. When King Henry claimed them all for himself: it was not well received. Particularly upset was Earl Percy, whose son Harry "Hotspur" had been in the forefront of the :fighting and taken a lot of captives. From this discontent, plots .were hatched to dispose of Henry and place Mortimer on the throne. This would also please the Scots and the Welsh. Hotspur formed his army on Haughmond Hill and awaited the arrival of Glendower, his friend and Henry, his enemy. ARMIES HENRY IV ENGLISH Approximately 14,000 men 15 KnightsR(I), 27 LongbowR(O), LongbowR(O), -v 4 Amdlia I(X), 2 Generals Kn R(O)
HARRY PERCY ENGLISH Approximately 11,000 men 10 BladeR(O), 18
3 Amdlia I(X), 1 General. Kn R( 0)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 450 men; Loose= 300 men. DEPLOYMENT: Hotspur deploys first and Henry moves first. Count rough terrain as bad going. VICTORY CONDITIONS: Henry must destroy 10 elements and Hotspur 15 elements.
T
r-
-~"1 ~1;1;1H0;1;1r='~ g~gu~;1;1;1;1;1; ;~r_u. ,B~
LONGBOW
Lf~~\~C~~=7=7~~/77/";"/7/./7,;:v;:~~----,
Jl, INCH
~
_l..___.!:iEt:!.B:rJI
~·------- SO INCHES
--------.,i
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Hotspur had picked his spot well. His front was uphill, behind standing crops of beans. At the foot of the hill were small ponds to break up the enemy formation. Henry's first Battle, mostly archers, lost out in the missile exchange and to follow them up the hill would be death. Henry sent his two other Battles to flank Hotspur's position on both sides. Pinned by the enemy in front, Hotspur's troops could uot manoeuvre. Hotspur was killed cowiter-attacking and his army fled.
Page - 33
GRUNWALD 1410 AD FALL OF THE TEUTONIC ORDER Poland and Lithuania were the Teutonic Order's constant rivals and this flared into war when the Samogitia rebelled against the Order, with the support of Lithuania and Poland. Although this conflict fizzled out, it set the stage for a major conflict between the two groups. At a council of war at Brzesc Litewski, the Polish/Lithuanian coalition decided on an invasion of Prussia with the ultimate objective of capturing Marienburg, the heart of the Teutonic Order. ARMIES TEUTONIC ORDER Approximately 21,000 Cav 6,000 foot 30 KnightsR(S), 12 Cav R(I), 3 xBow R(O), 2 SpearR(O), 6 Amcilia (Hd I( 0)), 2 GeneTals Kn R(S)
LITHUANIAN 29,000 cavalry 10,000 foot 27 Knights I(S), 26 Cav I(S), 10 Lh I(O), 7 Spear I(I), 7 Bow I(I), 5 Psiloi I(O), 3 Generals. Cav, I(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men: Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Teutons deploy first and the Lithuanians move first. VICTORY CONDIDONS: The Teutons must destroy 27 elements and the Lithuanians 17 elements.
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The Lithuanians started the battle by a charge on the right flank that broke through the infantry and was only halted by the knights behind. The Teutons reinforced this left flank and broke formation, chasing the Lithuanians into the swamps beyond. In the centre the Teutons held, but their right flank was driven back past the village ofLodwigowo. The Teutons continued to reinforce their left flank, attempting to tum the Polish flank, but they were outnumbered and became surrounded by the Polish reserve. Soon the Teutons were reduced to two small surrounded groups, from which few escaped.
Page- 34
AGINCOURT 1415 AD HUNDRED YEARS WAR Herny V's incursion into France had started badly with the siege of Harfleur, which lasted too long and inflicted too many casualties on the English army. Henry's planned march on Paris was now impossible, so he embarked on a dash to Calais. The French, with a considerable army, shadowed him and prevented him from crossing the river Somme. The English, now weary and with little food, finally crossed the river at Nesle, only to be confronted by the French army.
ARMJES 100 YEARS WAR ENGLISH
MEDJEVAL FRENCH
Approximately 7,500 men 10 Longbow R(S),3 Blade R(S), 1 General+ 1 Kn R(S)
Approximately 15,000 men 14 Knights I(S), 20 Blade I(S), 6 xBowR(O) 1 General Kn I(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men. DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first and the French move first. Regard the woods as impenetrable and the stakes as bad going. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The English must destroy 13 elements and the· French 4 elements.
l
FRENCH
=:;;;;;miiiiiiiiiiiill
Cl
blade
77 inches
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The battle started with the English advancing to the French and placing stakes. The French knights of the first Battle charged, only to be slaughtered and this helped disorganise their advancing foot. The mass missile fire of the English, channelled the French into the gaps between the stakes, exposing their flanks to the archers. In half and hour the entire French first Battle had been wiped out and the second Battle was disorganised. At this point the French withdrew.
WAKEFIELD 1460 AD WARS OF THE ROSES The Duke of York had gone to Sandal Castle in Yorkshire to extinguish the final support for the Lancastrians and Queen Margaret. However the Lancastrians had already weighed up the situation and knew that Sandal was not provisioned for such an army as the Duke's and so he would be eager to attack the Lancastrians. ARMIES YORKIST Approximately 8,000 men 7 Knights R(I), 8 Blade I(O), 7 Longbow I(O), 5 Amcilia I(O). 3 Psiloi I(I), 1 General Kn R(O)
LANCASTRIANS Approximately 10,000 men 9 Knights R(I), 9 Blade I(O), 9 Longbow I(O), 6 Auxilial(X), 3 Psiloi I(O), 1 General +2 Kn R(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 375 men; Loose = 250 men; Open= 125 men. DEPLOYMENT: Divide the Lancastrian force into roughly three equal parts with the centre being the largest. Deploy the Lancastrians first, then the Yorkists. York moves first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 10 elements and the Yorkist 12 elements.
loose & light troops
......... knights
II I I I I I I I I I I II!::] blade
knights
YORKISTS
r---··---
53 inches
---------....__i
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The small Lancastrian force in the centre deployed before Sandal Castle to lure York into attacking them. When he did so, the Lancastrians fell back until the Yorkists were firmly trapped by the Lancastrian flank forces. 111e Yorkists were totally surprised and the battle lasted only half an hour.
NORTHAMPTON 1460 AD WARS OF THE ROSES For a brief period, it appeared that the wars were over and Henry was to be King. However, Margaret's hatred ofWarwick soon rekindled the fires of war, as she attempted to stamp out all ex-Yorkist supporters. In this new war, Warwick, in the name of a disinterested York, found himself in control of London after a brief exile. The Lancastrians moved from the Midlands with the intent of smashing this growing threat.
ARMIES YORKIST
LANCASTRIAN
Approximately 7,000 men 8 KnightsR(I),10 Bladel(O), 5 Longbow I(I), 5 Auxilia I(O), 4 Psiloi R(S), 2 Generals. Kn R(O)
Approximately 5,000 men 10 Blade I(I), 5 Longbow I(I), 4 Auxilia I(), 2 Psiloi R(S), 3 Generals (2 @-1) Kn R(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrians deploy first and the Yorkists move first. Divide the Lancastrian force into three equal Battles making Grey's the smallest. +2 to dice for the river N ene. VICTORY CONDIDONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 10 elements and the Y orkists 7 elements.
1 30 irches
_l_ _ _ _ __ ~ ,...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
59 Inche?s - - - - - - - - - -
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Lancastrians anived at Northampton in advance of the Y orkists and rather than fight in the town, formed a defensive camp in a bend in the river Nene. The Yorkists advanced against this static defence and after an initial reverse, mounted a massive attack on one part of the line - Lord Grey's Battle. This group was driven back ( or retreated, some claimed treachery) and Henry's defence became his coffin. Some tried to flee across the Nene, but most of the Lancastrians surrendered.
TOWTON 1461 AD WARS OF THE ROSES The Lancastrian victories of St Albans and Northampton brought the Y orkist cause to the point of defeat. Queen Margaret did not lead her Northern army against London, but instead returned North to face a newly recruited Lancastrian army.
ARMIES YORKISTS
LANCASTRIAN
Approximately 27,250 men 22 Longbowl(O) 30 BladeR(O), 10 Psiloi R(S), 2 Generals. Kn R(S)
Approximately 30,000 men 27Longbow1(1), 33 Blade 1(1), 12 Psiloi R (S), 1 General. Kn R(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrians deploy first and the Yorkists move first. The bill is flat topped.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: TheYorkists must destroy 24 elements and the Lancastrians 20 elements.
W_.LI
blade 11111111111111111
EOWARd YORKISTS
~-------·----------:7::-:7::-.,-in-c'."""he_s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The combatants fought with cold hate in their hearts and a snow blizzard in their faces. The Yorkists won the initial missile exchange and engaged in a bloody hand to hand struggle. Norfolk turned the Lancastrian flank and the Lancastrians were slowly clriven back into the river Cock. Before the battle started the command" No Quarter" had been given and none was shown to the Lancastrians.
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MORTIMER'S CROSS 1461 AD WARS OF THE ROSES When the Duke ofYork died at Wakefield, his successor, Edward, Earl of March, was in Shrewsbury, waiting for the Earl of Pembroke to move out of Wales. Edward realised that the Lancastrians would quickly march on London, so he headed in that direction. As he reacher Hereford, he learned that Pembroke had moved out of Wales and was headed towards the Midlands. There, he would join the other Lancastrian forces. Edward turned round and blocked his path at Mortimer's Cross.
ARMIES EDWARD IV YORKIST Approximately 8,000 9 KnightsR(I), 12 BladeI(I), 6 Longbow!(!), 6 Auxilia I(O), 2 Psiloi R(S), 2 Generals Kn R(S)
PEMBROKE LANCASTRIAN Approximately 6,000 men 7 KnightsR(I), 9 BladeI(I), 4 Longbow I(O), 4 Auxilia I(X), 3 Psiloi R(S), 3 Generals ( 2 @-1) Kn R(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close = 300 men; Loose = 200 men; Open = 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Yorkists deploy first and the Lancastrians move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 11 elements and the Y orkists 9 elements.
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Edward allowed Pembroke to cross the bridge and deploy on the marshy ground beyond. Pembroke had sent both his flank Battles to find crossings over the river Lugg, in order to outflank the Yorkists. Before these could get into position, Edward advanced and crushed Pembroke's Battle in the centre.
BARNET 1471 AD WARS OF THE ROSES Edward IV returned to Yorkshire from his exile on the continent in 1471, after been forced to flee the country when his two supporters Warwick the "Kingmaker" and the Duke of Clarence changed their allegiance for a more pliable Royal. Edward determined revenge and marched swiftly on London. Clarence, on facing Edward, changed sides again. Warwick set out to attack them. When Edward learned of Warwick's approach, with a huge army, he set out to meet his former ally. The two armies met at Barnet.
EDWARD IV YORKIST Approximately 10,000 men 20 Blade I(I), 10 Longbow I(O), 8 Amcilia I(O), 4 Psiloi R(S), 3 Generals Kn R(S)
ARMIES EARL OF WARWICK LANCASTRIAN Approximately 15,000 men 30 Blade I(I), 15 Longbow I(O), 12 Auxilia I(O), 6 Psiloi R(S), 3 Generals (2 @-1) kn R(S)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYI\'IENT: The Lancastrians deploy and move first. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Yorkists must destroy 19 elements and the Lancastrians 14 elements.
LANCASTRIANS blade OXFORD Ill II 1111 II II I I II ....,..........,.......,........,......,. ;'::::~~~~ longb9w auxilia & psf101
k
68 INCHES ---------~~
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Battle opened with Oxford, breaking Hasting's troops and pursuing them back to Barnet. Edward advanced, but closed with Gloucester to attack the centre/right of the Lancastrian line. Montagu should have outflanked Edward's exposed left flank, but Oxford's returning troops caused confusion on that flank and actually fought each other by mistake. Edward pressed forward and the Lancastrians came to the incline to their rear known as "dead man's bottom" where the Lancastrians were slaughtered. Warwick was killed trying to escape.
Parre - 40
TEWKESBURY 1471 AD , WARS OF THE ROSES Queen Margaret landed at Weymouth to support Warwick, only to find that he and his Lancastrian army had just been wiped out at the battle of Barnet. This fortunately gave her breathing space to form an army and march North to the Lancastrian strongholds in Wales and the North. Edward blocked her cro_ssing of the Severn at Gloucester. Margaret could not stop to besiege Gloucester because Edward's army was close behind, so she moved up the Severn to Tewkesbury. There Edward caught up with her. ARMIES LANCASTRIANS Approximately 7,000 men 7 Knights R(I), 9 Blades l(I) 7Longbow1(0), 6Amcilia1(0), 3 Psiloi R(X), 1 General. Kn R(O)
YORKISTS Approximately 9,000 men 1O Knights R(I), 12 Blade 1(1), 7 Amcilia l(X), 7Longbow1(0), 7 Psiloi l(S), 2 Generals. Kn R( 0)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men: Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrians deploy and move first. VICTORY CONDIDONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 14 elements and the Y orkists 10 elements.
EDWARD IV
l
~KN!GHf
r--·--· -------
HASTINGS
YORKISTS
57 inches---------
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Lancastrians took up a defensive pose on Gaston's Ridge outside Tewkesbury, by the Abbey. The Battle started with Somerset trying to manoeuvre some troops around the left flank of Gloucester, but this was stopped and driven back by Gloucester's flank guard. Gloucester advanced against Somerset, and, as he drove him back, Gloucester's flank guard became a fl~ attack. With Somerset
BOSWORTH FIELD 1485 AD WARS OF THE ROSES Richard ill came to power after disposing of his guardianship of Edward IV (infant successor), by disposing of the infant. Richard's enemies soon persuaded Henry Tudor, (at this time in France) to return and rekindle the Lancastrian cause. After Remy's landing, Richard quickly gathered his army to defend against this new threat. On the face ofit, Richard's troops outnumbered Remy's and Richard was a better soldier, but this battle was to be decided by loyalty and betrayal.
ARMIES HENRY TUDOR LANCASTRIAN
RICHARD ill YORKIST Approximately 15,000 men 12 Knights R(I), 14Blade1(1), 7 Auxilia I(O), 7 Longbow I(O), 4 Psiloi R(S), 3 Generals ( 2 @-1) Kn R(O)
. Approximately 7,000 men 8 Knights R(I), 10 Blade l(I), 5 Longbowl(O), 5 Auxilial(X), 4 PsiloiR(S), 2 Generals Kn R(S) LORD STANLEY 3,000 men 3 Knights R(I), 4 Blade R(O), 3 Longbow R(S), 3 Auxilia I(X), 1 General Kn R(O). FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men. DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrian and Stanley deploy first and the Yorkists move first. EXTRA RULES: Northumberland only moves on a ld6 per turn, needing a 6. Stanley: each tum dice ld6. 5 or 6 attacks the Yorkists. +4 to Yorkist victory conditions. VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 14 elements and the Y orkists 10 elements.
\.OW Hll..
LANCASIDIANS
I
ClJXl.,iQ
~
lillLl!!::Jllllblode
~
~
-
lorqlx7N
~ ~
.
ps101
OXFCRD knights
HENRY
/(----LO
Inches----~
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: As can be seen, Stanley was uncommitted. Richard held his eldest son hostage, but he supported Henry. Northumberland did not want be too close to the fighting if Richard lost, so he dragged his feet about joining in. Norfolk started the battle by attacking down the hill into Oxford. Richard hoping for a quick victory before Stanley made up his mind, attacked Henry's Battle, but became bogged down in marshy ground and was killed as his army fled from an attack on its rear by Stanley.
Page- 42
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION VICTORY CONDITIONS Tue victory conditions are based on a third of the army (fractions rounded down) being destroyed. In some cases this would mean if you destroyed all the opponents light troops you would win, that is clearly ludicrous. So in order to allow for this count all Psiloi and light horse as only equal to 1/2 a victory point per element. DEPLOYMENT Tue maps in this book are all drawn to scale so a block of troops on the map have the required frontage and so you should deploy to that frontage even if it means deploying in a single rank as opposed to a double rank that might give you a combat advantage. TERRAIN On the battle maps areas marked as rough, marshy,swamp,woods and steep hills all count as bad going. Low hills give a combat advantage only. All rivers unless it states that they are impassable must be for. FIGURE SCALE The figure scale varies considerably throughout this book as battles from this period ranged from a few thousand to fifty thousand a side. COMMAND DICE If your rules use command dice I suggest that each general should add plus one to the dice score unless I have indicated that the general is minus one. For example this would mean that an army with two generals would have a minimum score of3 and a maximum of 8 ( using a six sided dice ). If one of the generals was a minus one then a minimum score of2 and a maximum of7 would result. DBM TROOP DEFINITIONS For reasons of space I have reduced Regular and Irregular to R and I. Under DBM use its victory points system and all other rules as normal.
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