PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES vs ANDRE MARTI G.R. No. 81561 January 18, 11 193 SCRA 57 !ERSION 1" 1" LawPhil’s Full text link: http://www.lawphil.net/ju http://www.lawphil.net/juju!is/ju!i1991/j ju!is/ju!i1991/jan1991/"!#$1 an1991/"!#$15%1#199 5%1#1991.ht&l 1.ht&l
FA#TS" Au"ust 1'( 1957( the appellant an his )*&&*n+law wi,e( She!l- Re-es( went t* the **th *, the 0anila Pa)kin" an xp*!t F*!wa!e!s2 )a!!-in" F*u! '4 w!appe pa)ka"es. he appellant in,*!&e Anita Re-es that he was senin" the pa)ka"es t* a ,!ien in 6u!i)h( Swite!lan. Anita Re-es aske i, she )*ul exa&ine an inspe)t the pa)ka"es. She !e,use an assu!es he! that the pa)ka"es si&pl- )*ntaine **ks( )i"a!s( an "l*8es. e,*!e the eli8e!- *, appellant’s *x t* the u!eau *, Cust*&s an u!eau u!eau *, P*sts( P*sts( 0!. * Re-es Re-es P!*p!iet*! P!*p!iet*!4( 4( ,*ll*win" ,*ll*win" the stana! stana! *pe!atin" p!*)eu!e( *pene the *xes ,*! ,inal inspe)ti*n. A pe)ulia! **! e&itte ,!*& the *x an that the "l*8es )*ntain !ie lea8es. ;e p!epa!e a lette! an !ep*!te t* the <= an !e>uestin" a la*!at*!- exa&inati*ns. he !ie &a!ijuana lea8es we!e ,*un t* ha8e )*ntaine insie the )ell*phane w!appe!s.
eli8e!-( eli8e!-( * Re-es( husan *, Anita an p!*p!iet*! p!*p!iet*! *, the )*u!ie! )*&pan-( )*nu)te an inspe)ti*n *, the pa)ka"e as pa!t *, stana! *pe!atin" p!*)eu!es. p*n *penin" the pa)ka"e( he n*ti)e a suspi)i*us **! whi)h &ae hi& t**k sa&ple *, the sustan)e he ,*un insie. ;e !ep*!te this t* the <= an in8ite a"ents t* his *,,i)e t* inspe)t the pa)ka" pa)ka"e. e. =n the the p!esen p!esen)e )e *, the <= a"ent a"ents( s( * Re-es *pene *pene the the suspi)i*us pa)ka"e an ,*un !ie+&a!ijuana lea8es insie. A )ase was ,ile a"ainst An!e 0a!ti in 8i*lati*n *, R.A. %'E5 an was ,*un "uilt- - the )*u!t a >u*. An!e ,ile an appeal in the Sup!e&e C*u!t )lai&in" that his )*nstituti*nal !i"ht *, p!i8a)- was 8i*late an that the e8ien)e a)>ui!e ,!*& his pa)ka"e was ina&issile as e8ien)e a"ainst hi&. Issu)" Can the C*nstitut C*nstituti*nal i*nal Ri"ht *, P!i8a)P!i8a)- e en,*!)e en,*!)e a"ainst a"ainst p!i8ate p!i8ate ini8iuals Ru(&n" he Sup!e&e C*u!t hel ase *n the spee)h *, C*&&issi*ne! e!nas that the ill *, Ri"hts "*8e!ns the !elati*nship etween the ini8iual an the state.
ISS$E" @hethe! *! n*t the the seiin" *, ille"al *je)ts is le"al
he )*nstituti*nal p!*s)!ipti*n a"ainst unlaw,ul sea!)hes an seiu!es the!e,*!e applies as a !est!aint i!e)te *nl- a"ainst the "*8e!n&ent an its a"en)ies taske with the en,*!)e&ent *, the law. =t is n*t &eant t* e in8*ke a"ainst a)ts *, p!i8ate ini8iuals. =t will e !e)alle that 0! * Re-es was the *ne wh* *pene the *x in the p!esen)e *, the <= a"ents in his pla)e *, usiness. he &e!e p!esen)e *, the <= a"ents i n*t )*n8e!t the !eas*nale sea!)h e,,e)te - 0!. Re-es int* a wa!!antless sea!)h an sieu!e p!*s)!ie - the )*nstituti*n. 0e!el- t* *se!8e an l**k at that whi)h is in plain si"ht is n*t a sea!)h.
HELD" Bes( appellant "uilt"uilt- e-*n !eas*nale *ut.
he ju"e&ent *, )*n8i)ti*n ,inin" appeallant "uilt- e-*n !eas*nale *ut *, the )!i&e )ha!"e was AFF=R0.
he a))use ? appellant assi"ns the ,*ll*win" e!!*!s: he l*we! )*u!t e!!e in a&ittin" in e8ien)e the ille"alit- *, sea!)h an seie *je)ts )*ntaine in the ,*u! '4 pa!)els.
RATIONALE" Ar%&'() III, III, S)'%&ons * an+ an+ , 18- #ons%&%u%&on #ons%&%u%&on Ma vs O/&o, )0'(us&onary )0'(us&onary ru() S%on)/&(( vs D&ono, D&ono, e)la!e as ina&issile an- e8ien)e *taine - 8i!tue *, a e,e)ti8e sea!)h wa!!ant( aan*nin" in the p!*)ess the !ulin" ea!lie! a*pte in 0e!)a* 8s Pe*ple’s C*u!t. he )ase at the a! assu&es assu&es a pe)ulia! pe)ulia! )ha!a)te! )ha!a)te! sin)e the e8ien)e e8ien)e s*u"ht t* e ex)lue was p!i&a!il- is)*8e!e an *taine - a p!i8ate pe!s*n( a)tin" in a p!i8ate )apa)it- an with*ut the inte!8enti*n an pa!ti)ipati*n *, state auth*!ities. ne! the )i!)u&stan)es( )an a))use / appellant 8alil- )lai& that his )*nstituti*nal !i"ht a"ainst un!eas*nale sea!)h an seiu!e. he )*nt!aan in this )ase at a! ha8in" )*&e int* p*ssessi*n *, the "*8e!n&en "*8e!n&entt with*ut with*ut the latte! latte! t!ans"!es t!ans"!essin" sin" appellant appellantss !i"hts !i"hts a"ainst a"ainst un!eas*nale sea!)h an seiu!e( the C*u!t sees n* )*"ent !eas*n wht- the sa&e sh*ul n*t e a&itte. FA#T$AL #ONSIDERATIONS #ONSIDERATIONS 2 ReailReail- ,*!e)l*se ,*!e)l*se the p!*p*!ti*n p!*p*!ti*n that <= a"ents )*nu)te an ille"al sea!)h an seiu!e *, the p!*hiite &e!)hanise( )lea!l- that the <= a"ents &ae n* sea!)h an seiu!e &u)h less an ille"al *ne( )*nt!a!- t* the p*stulate *, a))use / appellant. #HAD3I#4 vs STATE( STATE ( ha8in" *se!8e that whi)h is *pen( whe!e n* t!espass has een )*&&itte in ai the!e*, ILL OF RIGHTS he p!*te)ti*n *, ,una&ental lie!ties in the essen)e *, )*nstituti*nal e&*)!a)-( p!*te)ti*n a"ainst wh*&( p!*te)ti*n a"ainst the SA.
!ERSION *" *"
Fa'%s" Dn Au"ust 1'( 19$7( the appellant an his )*&&*n+law wi,e( Shi!le- Re-es went t* 0anila Pa)ka"in" an xp*!t F*!wa!e!s t* sen pa)ka"es t* 6u!i)h( Swite!lan. =t was !e)ei8e - Anita Re-es an ask i, she )*ul inspe)t the pa)ka"es. Shi!le- !e,use an e8entuall- )*n8in)e Anita t* seal the pa)ka"e &akin" it !ea- ,*! ship&ent. e,*!e ein" sent *ut ,*!
!ERSION "
Fa'%s " An!e 0a!ti an his wi,e went t* 0anila Pa)kin" an xp*!t F*!wa!e!s( )a!!-in" with the& ,*u! "i,t w!appe pa)ka"es t* e eli8e!e t* his ,!ien in 6u!i)h( Swite!lan. Anita Re-es wi,e *, the p!*p!iet*!4 aske i, she )*ul inspe)t the pa)ka"es( h*we8e!( 0a!ti !e,use assu!in" that it *nl- )*ntaine **ks( )i"a!s an "l*8es as "i,t t* his ,!ien. e,*!e eli8e!- t* u!eau *, Cust*&s/P*sts( the p!*p!iet*! * Re-es( ,*ll*win" ,*ll*win" stana! *pe!atin" *pe!atin" p!*)eu!e( p!*)eu!e( *pene the *xes ,*! ,inal inspe)ti*n inspe)ti*n.. @hen he *pene *pene 0a!tiGs 0a!tiGs *xes( *xes( a pa!ti)ula! pa!ti)ula! **! e&itte e&itte the!e, the!e,!*& !*& an he s**n s**n ,*un ,*un *ut that the *xes )*ntai )*ntaine ne !ie !ie &a!ijuana lea8es. ;e !ep*!te the in)ient t* the <= wh* a)kn*wle"e )ust*- *, the in)ient. 0a!ti was )*n8i)te ,*! 8i*lati*n *, R.A. %'E5( *the!wise kn*wn as the an"e!*us !u"s A)t. #ons%&%u%&ona( Issu)s " 1. 0a!ti )*ntens that the e8ien)e ha een *taine in 8i*lati*n *, his )*nstituti*nal !i"hts a"ainst un!eas*nale sea)h an sieu!e an p!i8a)- *, )*&&uni)ati*n. Ru(&n " 1. 8ien)e s*u"ht t* e ex)lue was p!i&a!il- is)*8e!e an *taine - a p!i8ate pe!s*n( a)tin" in a p!i8ate )apa)it- an with*ut the inte!8ent inte!8enti*n i*n an pa!ti)ipat pa!ti)ipati*n i*n *, State State auth*!itie auth*!ities. s. =n the asen)e *, "*8e!n&ental inte!,e!en)e( the lie!tie "ua!antee - the C*nstituti*n )ann*t e in8*ke a"ainst the State. E. 0e!e p!esen)e *, <= a"ents *es n*t )*n8e!t it t* wa!!antless sea!)h an sieu!e. 0e!el- t* l**k at that whi)h is plain si"ht is n*t sea!)h. ;a8in ;a8in" " *se!8 *se!8e e that that whi)h whi)h is *pen( *pen( whe!e whe!e n* t!espa t!espass ss has een een )*&&itte is n*t sea!)h. #o77&ss&on)r )rnas " he p!*te)ti*n *, ,una&ental lie!ties in the essen)e *, )*nstituti*nal e&*)!a)-...is a p!*te)ti*n a"ainst the State. he ill *, Ri"hts "*8e!ns the !elati*nship etween the ini8iual an the State. =ts )*n)e!n is n*t the !elati*n etween ini8iuals( etween a p!i8ate ini8iual an *the! ini8iuals. @hat the ill *, Ri"hts *es is t* e)la!e s*&e ,*!ien *nes in the p!i8ate sphe!e ina))essile t* an- p*we! h*le!. HHH