MANUEL VS. PEOPLE
GR No. 165842 – November 29, 2005 Callejoj Sr. Sr. FACTS:
Petitioner E!aro "an!el #a$ %&ar'e #it& bi'am(. )%%orin' to t&e *ro$e%!tion, in 19+5, E!aro #a$ marrie to R!b(l!$ Gaa in "a"a-ati. ati. &at &at on /an! /an!ar ar( ( 1996 1996,, &e me mett *riv *rivat ate e %om* %om*la lain inan antt ina ina . Ganalera. "an!el an ina &a an aair an "an!el *ro*o$e marria'e on $evera $everall o%%a$i o%%a$ion on$, $, a$$!ri a$$!rin' n' &er &er t&at t&at $&e $&e #a$ $in'l $in'le. e. )ter ter mo mont& nt&$, $, ina a'ree a'ree to marr( marr( E!ar E!aro, o, t&!$, t&!$, a marria' marria'e e #a$ %elebra %elebrate te beore beore /!'e /!'e Re(e$ o t&e RC a'!io 3ran%& 61. &e r$t (ear$ o t&eir marrie marrie lie #a$ jo(o!$. 7o#ever, $tartin' 1999, "an!el onl( #ent to t&eir &o!$e onl( t#i%e or t&ri%e a (ear. Sometime in /an!ar( 2001, "an!el too- all &i %lot&e$, let, an i not ret!rn. ret!rn. )ter )ter mont&$, ina be%ame %!rio!$ an mae in!irie$ rom t&e NS in "anila #&ere $&e learne t&at "an!el &a been *revio!$l( marrie. :n &i$ een$e, "an!el believe in 'oo ait& t&at &i$ r$t marria'e #a$ invali be%a!$e &e &a not &ear rom R!b(l!$ or more t&an 20 (ear$, #&o $&o!l be *re$!me ea !ner )rti%le 90 o t&e Civil Coe. 7e i not -no# t&at &e &a to 'o to %o!rt to $ee- or t&e n!lli%ation o &i$ r$t marria'e beore marr(in' ina. )ter ter tria trial, l, t&e t&e RC %onv %onvi% i%te te "an! "an!el el o i'a i'am( m( an an t&e t&e C) rene enerre j!'ment j!'ment a;rmin' a;rmin' t&e e%i$ion e%i$ion o t&e lo#er lo#er %o!rt< &en%e, &en%e, t&i$ *etition. *etition. ISSUE:
=N t&e *etitioner i$ '!ilt( o bi'am(
HELD: >ES.
i'am( &a$ t#o element$ are? 31 t&e e@i$ten%e o a marria'e t&at &a$ not been la#!ll( i$$olve< an 32 t&e %elebration o a $e%on marria'e. :t i$ a elon( b( dolo 3e%eit. )rt. , *ar. 2 o t&e RPC *rovie$ t&at t&ere i$ e%eit #&en t&e a%t i$ *erorme #it& eliberate intent. :nee, a elon( %annot e@i$t #it&o!t intent. )lto!'& t&e #or$ A#it& mali%eB o not a**ear in )rt. o t&e RPC, $!%& *&ra$e i$ in%l!e in t&e #or Avol!ntar(.B "ali%e i$ a mental $tate or %onition *rom*tin' t&e oin' o an overt a%t #it&o!t le'al e@%!$e or j!$ti%ation rom #&i%& anot&er $!er$ inj!r(. =&en t&e a%t or omi$$ion ene b( la# a$ a elon( i$ *rove to &ave been one or %ommitte b( t&e a%%!$e, t&e la# *re$!me it to &ave been intentional. or one one to be %rim %rimin inal all( l( liab liable le or or a elo elon( n( b( dolo, t&ere ere m!$t be a %onD!en%e o bot& an evil a%t an an evil intent. Actus reus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea. 1
:n t&e *re$ent %a$e, t&e *etitioner i$ *re$!me to &ave a%te #it& mali%e or evil evil intent intent #&en #&en &e ma marr rrie ie t&e *riva *rivate te %om* %om*lai lainan nant. t. )$ a 'ener 'eneral al r!le, r!le, mi$ta-e o a%t or 'oo ait& o t&e a%%!$e i$ a vali een$e. 7o#ever, i'noran%e o t&e la# i$ not an e@%!$e be%a!$e ever(one i$ *re$!me to -no# t&e la#. 1 ) %rime i$ not %ommitte i t&e min o t&e *er$on *erormin' to a%t %om*laine be inno%ent.
Petition enie.