Pengenalan Kepada Sistem Komputer

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

MRM HTS EOARSTCP? =! Wc`s Wc`smf mf

acwhn cwhn

rcnk rcnkor orcp cpmw mwhm hmn n

cice cicetp tpon onhe he

xmnk xmnk

`cpe `cpeca cama mars rsmn mn

snts sntse e

acnkfmwhiemn acnkfmwhiemn dmtm) acncpham acncpham dmtm) acamnhrsimwhemn acamnhrsimwhemn dmtm) acnlmnm ecrstswmn ecrstswmn dmn acnxharmn dmtm. 0! Wc`s Wc`smf mf rcpmi rcpmimtm mtmn n xmnk xmnk `cpec `cpecsr srmxm mxmmn mn acime acimesem semn n rcnk rcnkhpm hpmmn mn dmn dmn aca` aca`sm smtt ecrstswmn iokhe &iokhgmi dcghwhon( `cplstm!lstm emih ic`hf gcrmt dmph amnswhm. 7! Wc`smf Wc`smf rcpmimtm rcpmimtmn n xmnk `cpjsnkwh `cpjsnkwh sntse acarpo acarpowcw wcw dmtm `cpdmwmpe `cpdmwmpemn mn wct!wct wct!wct mpmfmn xmnk dhecnmih wc`mkmh rpokpma eoarstcp. 4! Eoarstc Eoarstcpp thdme ic`hf dmph wc`smf wc`smf rcpmimtmn rcpmimtmn mtms acwhn acwhn rhntmp ghrtmmn ghrtmmn amnswhm amnswhm xmnk thdmeimf wc`hlme amnswhm hts wcndhph. ACNKHA@MS WCLMPMF

=:47 Emiesimtop amtcamthe rcptmam dh`hnm oicf @imhwc Rmwgmi

=600 Gfmpicw @m``mkc aca`mnksnemn Mnmixthgmi Cnkhnc

=843 Zmnnczcp @swf acnsihw acnsihw tcntmnk Acacv

=84: Eoarstcp dhkhtmi rcptmam dh`mnksnemn &CNHMG( oicf Amsgfix mnd Cgecpt

=84; Eoarstcp rcptmam xmnk acnkksnmemn eonwcr rpokpma &SNHZMG( dh`mnksnemn oicf Zon Nc{amnn

=8;3 Eoarstcp sntse ecksnmmn rcph`mdh &Foac Goarstcp( dhimngmpemn ‗ Mitmhp 6622 RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

=8;: Wtczc [o|nhmg acimngmpemn Mrric H

=8;; Mrric HH dhimngmpemn

=867 Mrric acimngmpemn Ihwm. Eoarstcp rcptmam xmnk acnkksnmemn rcpmimtmn hnrst dhrmnkkhi tcthesw &aoswc(

=862 mn !=882 mn ‗ Amwm Ehnh Rcpeca`mnkmn rcwmt dmima hndswtph Aheporpogcwwop aca`m{m ecrmdm rcnkfmwhimn eoarstcp xmnk ic`hf gmnkkhf) `cpesmwm) dmn ahnh.

EOARONCN EOARSTCP

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

=!

Wcgmpm manxm wc`smf eoarstcp tcpdhph dmphrmdm 4 eoaroncn hmhts < Fmpd{mpc &Rcememw &Rcememwmn() mn() Wxwtca Wxwtca @HOW) @HOW) Orcpmthn Orcpmthnk k Wxwtca Wxwtca &Whwtca &Whwtca Rcnkor Rcnkorcpmw cpmwhmn hmn(( dmn Mrrihgmthon Wojt{mpc &Rcphwhmn Mrihemwh(.

0!

Rcpememwmn hmimf rcpmimtmn cicetponhe dmn acemnhemi xmnk aca`cntse wc`smf whwtca eoarstcp. Gontofnxm wcrcpth) Fmpd Dhwe dmn Aotfcp`ompd.

7!

Rcphwhmn hmimf wmts wct mpmfmn xmnk aca`cphtmfs rcpememwmn `mkmhamnm sntse acimesemn wcwsmts tskmwmn. Gontofnxm wcrcpth) Wxwtca @HOW) [hndo{w orcpmthnk wxwtca dmn Ahgpowojt Ojjhgc.

3 EOARONCN MWMW RCPEMEMWMN WC@SMF EOARSTCP

Aonhtop 

Whwtca Snht

W cmecp  

Rm mn Eces Ecesng nghh Tcthesw

EOARONCN EOARSTCP < AONHTOP

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

=! Acpsrmemn Acpsrmemn rcpememwmn rcpememwmn sntse rmrmpmn. rmrmpmn. @cp`cntse @cp`cntse wcrcpth wcrcpth aonhtop aonhtop tciczhwxcn. tciczhwxcn. 0!

Hacl xmnk tcpfmwhi rmdm aonhtop tcp`hnm dmphrmdm rhvciw &ththe(

7! Wcamehn thnkkh pcwoisthon pcwoisthon wc`smf wc`smf aonhtop wcamehn lcimw hacl hacl xmnk dmrmt dhrmrmpemn rmdm aonhtop.

EOARONCN EOARSTCP < RMRMN ECESNGH &ECX@OMPD( =! Rcpmimtm Rcpmimtmn n hnrst sntse sntse acam acamwsee wseemn mn tcew tcew dmn mpmfmn mpmfmn.. 0!

Hm tcpdhph dmphrmdm ecesngh xmnk `oicf dhtcemn &Sntse dcewtor < =2=!=23 ecesngh(

7! Tcpdmrmt Tcpdmrmt 7 lcnhw rmrmn ecesngh hmhts wcphmi ropt &RW0() SW@ dmn {hpcicww.

EOARONCN EOARSTCP < TCTHESW &AOSWC( =! Rcpmimtmn Rcpmimtmn hnrst / rohntcp rohntcp xmnk dhksnmemn dhksnmemn sntse acnkm{mi acnkm{mi rcpkcpmemn rcpkcpmemn gspwop  gspwop  mtms rohntcp rmdm rmrmpmn wephn. 0! @oicf acimesem acimesemn n orcpmwh wcrcpth rohnt) rohnt) gihge) gihge) phkft!gihge) phkft!gihge) dos`ic!gihge) dos`ic!gihge) dpmk) dpmk) potmtc {fcci dmn rpcww {fcci. 7!

Tcpdmrmt 0 lcnhw tcthesw hmhts tcthesw acemnhemi dmn tcthesw orthgmi.

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

Tosgf Rmd

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

Tm`ict Rcn

EOARONCN EOARSTCP < WHWTCA SNHT =! @mfmkh @mfmkhmn mn rmihnk rmihnk stmam stmam dmima dmima wc`smf wc`smf eoars eoarstcp. tcp. 0! Acncarmtemn Acncarmtemn rci`mkmh rci`mkmh eoaroncn eoaroncn cicetponhe cicetponhe xmnk aca`oic aca`oicfemn femn wc`smf wc`smf eoarstcp acnlmimnemn jsnkwhnxm. 7! Mntmpm eoaronc eoaroncn n xmnk tcpdmrmt dh dmimanxm dmimanxm wcrcpth< wcrcpth< aotfcp`om aotfcp`ompd) pd) ro{cp  ro{cp  wsrrix) PMA) dmn GRS.

Whwtca Snht

EOARONCN EOARSTCP < WRCMECP =! Rcpmimtmn Rcpmimtmn ostrst ostrst xmnk xmnk acnkcismpem acnkcismpemn n ameisamt ameisamt dmima `cntse `snxh.

EOARONCN!EOARONCN IMHN

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

Acwhn Rcngctme &Rphntcp(

=!

Wcthmr eoaroncn rcpememwmn eoarstcp `cphntckpmwh mntmpm wmts wmam imhn sntse acnlmim acnlmimnem nemn n jsnkwhn jsnkwhnxm xm dmn hnh acnhnke acnhnkemtem mtemn n ecsrmxm ecsrmxmmn mn wc`smf wc`smf eoarstc eoarstcp  p  sntse acimesemn tskmw xmnk dh`cphemn.

0! Wcthm Wcthmr r eoaro eoaronc ncn n rcpem rcpemem emwmn wmn lskm dhecim dhecimwem wemn n acnk acnkhes hestt orcpm orcpmwh wh mtms mtms jsnkw jsnkwhh xmnk dhimesemn oicf rcpememwmn tcpwc`st.

MRM XMNK DHIMESEMN OICF WC@SMF EOARSTCP? &ORCPMWH MWMW(

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

=! Wmammdm Wmammdm ecghi ecghi mtms mtms `cwmp) `cwmp) wcasm wcasm eoarstcp eoarstcp acimesemn acimesemn 3 orcpmwh mwmw xmnk wmam hmhts< =. Hnrst 0. Rpowcw 7. Ostrst 4. Wtopmkc 3. Goaa Goaasn snhg hgmt mtho hon n 0!

Wcasm orcpmwh hnh dhimesemn dcnkmn `mntsmn rcpememwmn!rcpememwmn xmnk tcptcnts wcrcpth dmima lmdsmi dh`m{mf<

Rcpmimtmn &Dczhgc( Hnrst

Amewsd Rcpememwmn

xmnk

Gontof

dhksnmemn

sntse

Rmrm Rmrmn n

eces ecesng ngh) h)

tcth tcthes esw) w)

acamwseemn dmtm dmn mpmfmn ec dmima

ahepoj ahepojon on)) emac emacpm pm dhkht dhkhtmi) mi)

Rpowcw

whwtca eoarstcp sntse dhrpowcw Rcpememwmn xmnk dhksnmemn

sntse

acwhn rcnkha`mw Aotfc Aotfcp`o p`ompd mpd)) rpogcw rpogcwwo wop) p)

Ostrst

acarpowcw dmtm) mpmfmn dmn ameisamt Rcpmimtmn xmnk aca`m{m /

acaopx) ro{cp wsrrix Acwhn Acwhn rcngctm rcngctme) e) aonhtop) aonhtop)

acnkc cnkca` a`mi mihe hemn mn

wrcmecp 

Wtopmkc

Goaasnhgmthon

rcnkksnm Rcpememwmn

sntse

amei ameisa samt mt

ecrm ecrmdm dm

acnxharmn

dmtm

Gmecpm ecpmw) GD) Dhwect)

mpmfmn mpmfmn dmn ameisam ameisamtt sntse sntse ecksnmm ecksnmmn n

Tfsa` dphzc) DZD

amwm memn dmtmnk Rcpem pememwmn sntse

Aodca) nct{opew hntcpjmgc

  lmp lmphn hnkm kmn n

ac{slsdemn

/ fs`s fs`snk nkmn mn mntm mntmpm pm wc`s wc`smf mf gmpdw)

eoar eoarstc stcpp dcnk dcnkmn mn eoar eoarstc stcpp xmnk xmnk imhn imhn

fs`)

{hpcicww

`pomd`mnd

dcnkmn dcnkmn acnkks acnkksnmem nmemn n em`ci) em`ci) lmphnkmn lmphnkmn tcicjon mtmsrsn wmtciht.

EHTMPMN RCARPOWCWMN DMTM &DMTM RPOGCWWHNK GXGIC(

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

Dmtm dhrpowcw oicf rpogcwwop. Wcamwm orcpmwh rcarpowcwmn) dmtm xmnk dhtcpham memn dh s`mfwsmh ecrmdm ameisamt xmnk `cpksnm.

Hnrst Rcnkksnm acamwseemn dmtm dcnkmn acnkksnmemn rcpmimtmn hnrst

Rpogcww

Wtopmkc Wtopmn `cpjsnkwh sntse acnxharmn dmtm sntse ecksnmmn amwm memn dmtmnk

Hnrst

Rpogcww

Ostrst Dmtm mtms ameisamt dhrcpwca`mfem n wcasim ecrmdm rcnkksnm acnkksnmemn rcpmimtmn ostrst

Ostrst

Wtopmkc

RCP[MEHIMN DMTM &DMTM PCRPCWCNTMTHON(

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

=!

Eoarstcp acamrmpemn dmtm wcgmpm dhkhtmi xmnk amnm hm fmnxm acnkcnmih 0 `cntse dhwepct hmhts on mtms ojj  dcnkmn 0 dhkht xmnk snhe hmhts 2 `ht  dmn = `ht  wmfmlm.

0! Mrm`him Mrm`him 6 `ht dhesarsiem dhesarsiemn n `cpwmam `cpwmam hm memn memn aca`cntse aca`cntse wmts wmts `xtc &rcp{mehi &rcp{mehimn mn sntse wmts fspsj) noa`op mtms wha`oi(. 7!

Eoa` Eoa`hn hnmw mwhh 2 dmn dmn = snts sntse e ac{m ac{meh ehih ih wmts wmts empc empcet etcp cp dh tcnt tcntse semn mn oicf oicf whwt whwtca ca rcnkeodmn &Godhnk Wxwtca( xmnk dhksnm rmemh rmdm rcphnkemt mntmpm`mnkwm.

4!

Mntmpm whwtca rcnkeodmn xmnk rorsimp hmimf MWGHH) C@GDHG dmn Snhgodc.

3!

Whwtca rcnkeodmn MWGHH dmn C@GDHG dhksnmemn sntse acnkeodemn noa`op  dmn dmn m`lm m`lmd d psah psah)) amnm amnmem emim im whwt whwtca ca rcnk rcnkeo eodm dmn n Snhg Snhgod odc c dhks dhksnm nmem emn n snts sntse e acnkeodemn m`lmd `semn psah wcrcpth tsihwmn Lcrsn) Eopcm) Ghnm) Tfmh dmn wc`mkmhnxm.

Gontof < MWGHH

Fspsj / Wha`oi

C@GDHG

22==22=2 22==2=22

0 7

====22=2 ====22==

2=22222= 2=222=2=

M C

==22222= ==222=2=

@mkmhamnm wmts empcetcp fspsj dhfmntmp dmphrmdm rmrmn ecesngh ec dmima eoarstcp? Imnkemf = < Fspsj ‖T‑ dh tcemn rmdm rmrmn ecesngh &MDG< Mnmiok Dhkhtmi Gonzcptcp( Imnkemf 0 < Whknmi cicetponhe sntse fspsj ‖T‑ dhfmntmp ec whwtca snht. Imnkemf 7 < Whknmi tmdh dhs`mf ecrmdm eod MWGHH &2=2=2=22( dmn dhwharmn dh acaopx &Dhkhtmi( Imnkemf 4< Wcicrmw dhrpowcw eod sntse fspsj ‖T‑ dhtsempemn ecrmdm hacl rmdm rcpmimtmn ostrst sntse rmrmpmn. &DMG< Dhkhtmi Mnmiok Gonzcptcp(

EMTCKOPH EOARSTCP

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD

Oicf< Powhmdh @hn Tmlsdhn

AODSI< RCNKCNMIMN ECRMDM WHWTCA EOARSTCP

=.

Rcpwonmi Goarstcp &Eoarstcp Rcph`mdh( ‗ Dcwetor) Imrtor) Nct`ooe

0.

Fmnd Fmndfc fcid id Goa Goars rstc tcpp &RDM &RDM ‗ Rcpw Rcpwon onmi mi Dhk Dhkht htmi mi Mww Mwwhw hwtm tmnt nt((

7.

Wcpzcp &Wamii Gm`hnct(

4.

Amhnjp Amhnjpma mac c &Acnk &Acnkfs fs`s `snk nkemn emn `cpmt `cpmtsw sw!pm !pmtsw tsw fhnkk fhnkkm m `cph` `cph`s!p s!ph`s h`s eoars eoarstcp tcp((

3.

Wsrcpgoarstcp &Acnkfs`snkemn `cph`s!ph`s fhnkkm `cplstm!lstm

eoarstcp. @hmwmnxm wc`smf wxmphemt asithnmwhonmi xmnk `cwmp wcrcpth Hntci(

Mrm xmnk tcimf wmxm rcimlmph?

RPOKPMA @CWTMPH HGT 0228

ZHWTM CVGCIICNGC WDN @FD