PEC based Electrical Wiring Design Simulator for Commercial Units
A Thesis Submitted to the School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
by
Macenas, Beldani S. Rabena, Joshua Bryle L. Santos, Angelo B.
Mapúa Institute of Technology
June 2014
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from our efforts, the success of this study cannot be fulfilled without the encouragement and guidance of many people. We want to take this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude to those people who help and support us in the completion of this study.
First and foremost, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to our thesis advisers, Engr. Federico Cudia and Gorgonio Vallestero II for their continuous support of our thesis work, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Without their constant guidance, endless advices and persistent help, this study would not have been possible.
To the EECE faculty member, Engr. Jose Ferlino Raymundo, who gave us some references for our study, for his knowledge and advices he imparted to us.
To Mr. Michael Angelo S. Ymana, who helped us in the coding and debugging of the program.
To our beloved families who are always there to help and support us not only financially but most importantly through their motivation, constant guidance, encouragement, and love. Their presence is the reason behind our persistence to finish this dissertation.
Last but not the least, to our God Almighty, for answering our prayers for giving us the strength to plod on despite our constitution wanting us to give up and throw in the towel, thank you so much Dear Lord.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
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APPROVAL PAGE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1:
INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 2:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
3
2.1 The Philippine Electrical Code
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2.2 The National Electrical Code
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2.3 Difference between PEC and NEC
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2.4 Electrical Wiring Design Simulator Applications
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2.5 Operation of the electrical load calculation
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2.6 The Programming Language and Database to be used
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Related Studies 2.7 Design Master Electrical
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2.8 Power Load Calculator
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Chapter 3:
PEC BASED ELECTRICAL WIRING DESIGN SIMULATOR FOR COMMERCIAL UNITS
Abstract
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Introduction
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Methodology
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3.1 Program Development
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3.2 General Program Flow
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3.3 Graphical User Interface
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3.4 Dropdown lists of possible loads
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3.5 Comparison of Software and Manual Calculation
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3.6 Software Screenshots
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3.7 Sample Load Calculation
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Chapter 4:
CONCLUSION
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Chapter 5:
RECOMMENDATIONS
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REFERENCES
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APPENDICES APPENDIX A : Definition of Terms
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APPENDIX B: Tables and Sections from PEC
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Electrical design analysis is essential and is always needed for electrical contracts. Electrical software is created to produce faster, accurate and precise results. It also provides better time management, which plays a key role in our society. This problem of time consuming computation has been resolved, a software used as an estimation tool has been invented for electrical contractors to use. There are also other programs in the market which are available but not PEC-based and some applications require other softwares for it to be accessible which makes it more complex and are licensed thus making it expensive. Programs in the market are expensive and not user-friendly to the engineers, the group decided to make a program PEC (Philippine Electrical Code) Based Electrical Wiring Design Simulator for Commercial Units which is simple to use and Philippine Electrical Code-based calculations which can also be useful for licensed electrical practitioners. The objective of this research is to make a PEC based Electrical Wiring Design simulator for commercial units. The group will test all possible load conditions and compare manual calculations of loads. Furthermore, test on manual and software calculations would address the effectiveness of the software. Today’s students use estimating programs to organize and optimize their projects. The calculation is used as a tool to speed up calculations, and there is nothing that builds the Electrical Wiring Design Simulator can be useful in doing for calculation and estimation for
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student and engineer in the projects that has been professionally prepared and printed using an Electrical Wiring Design Simulator. The program that has the ability to compute conduit sizes, using Philippine Electrical Code tables. This software will aid electrical engineering students in analysing electrical designs and load schedules. The software will only cover commercial unit’s electrical design analysis that could be used by electrical students and licensed electrical. The calculations are PEC-based which covers electrical designs. The program will be Visual Basic. The program to be created will be PEC based computations only. The commercial buildings that will only be covered are restaurants, offices, clubs and administration. The database to be used is Microsoft Office Access 2007. The expenses of the equipment and illumination are not included since today’s industries have different perspective of designing a commercial establishment as the designs cater to technological innovation.
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Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Philippine Electrical Code
The Philippine Electrical Code is used nationally as the basis for safeguarding people, buildings and its contents from hazards that may arise from the use of electricity. This code contains provisions which are considered necessary for safety and thus is used as a basis for the legal enforcement in the installation of electrical system design in the country. (Philippine Electrical Code 2009, Part 1 Volume 1)
2.2 The National Electrical Code
The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adopted standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States. The NEC, while having no legal binding regulation as written, can be and often is adopted by states, municipalities and cities in an effort to standardize their enforcement of safe electrical practices within their respective jurisdiction. In some cases, the NEC is amended, altered and may even be rejected in lieu of regional regulations as voted on by the governing bodies of any given locale.
The NEC codifies the requirements for safe electrical installations into a single, standardized source. It is part of the National Fire Codes series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and while not itself a U.S. law, NEC use is commonly mandated by state or local law. (National Electrical Code 2008)
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2.3 Difference between PEC and NEC
The main difference between the two is that the PEC calculations depend on the 120-230 V ac source and operating frequency of 60 Hz, while the NEC uses a basis of 110 V ac source and frequencies lower than 60 Hz where the sizes of the wiring also differs from each other’s table.
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Tabl e 2.3.1 NE C table of wir es to its cor responding ampaciti es
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Table 2.3.2 General L igh tin g Load for dif ferent occupancies
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Table 2.3.3 M in imu m Size Equi pment Gr oundi ng Conductors
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2.4 Electrical Wiring Design Simulator Applications
The main goal of the Electrical Wiring Design Simulator is to lessen the time needed in processing the computation of different types of load which the students involved in the design subject; there are some factors that make this very important to the electrical practitioners at the present time. As technology became part of the civilization of mankind, it developed the major key benefit of speed. Technology makes our work easier and a lot faster. In the field of the electrical design and construction, speed became an advantage in saving time and money in computing and estimating the number and length of wires to be used as well as its sizes. This is made possible with the help of a computer which is a major technical advancement in the field of Science and Engineering. Next, the group deals with consistency as the third main reason why Electrical Wiring Design Simulator is very important for today’s electrical engineering students. By doing calculations with the help of technology, it is assured that the output would be consistent that would be very helpful in adjusting future calculations in order to avoid overruns. In addition to that, consistency implies that a more specific estimate can be made than by just having wild guesses. Next, there is a reason of properly implying the importance of project management for any construction project at hand. Various people involved will be able to help one another in the multitude of tasks included in the whole project from start to finish with an efficient way of creating the interface amongst each other.
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2.5 Operation of the electrical load calculation
Electrical Load Calculation is done by using a program that will calculate the electrical loads to be used in an electrical layout. There are many program languages readily available in the market like C++, C#, Java, VB.net. Through a thorough research the language that this program will be using is the VB.net or simply Visual Basic.
2.6 The Programming Language and Database to be used
Although Java can be considered as the programming language to be used in the industry, it requires a lot of knowledge in cross platform development or web programming. Furthermore, Java is not a fully compiled language and it uses an intermediate byte code that is run using an interpreter. Since the group’s knowledge in programming is limited, Visual Basic is another option. VB may also be used for web development similar to Java, sort of the same, but different approach for web development. An advantage of this program is that it is easier to use and you can develop some things fairly fast. The term “ Personal Programming” refers to the idea that, wherever you work, whatever you do, you can expand your computer’s usefulness by writing ap plications to use in your own job. Personal Programming is what Visual Basic is all about. Visual basic is not only a programming language, but also a complete graphical development environment. This environment allows users with little programming experience to quickly develop useful Microsoft Windows applications which have the ability to use OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) objects, such as an Excel spreadsheet. 9
Visual basic’s main selling point is the ease with which it allows the user to create nic e looking, graphical programs with little coding by the programmer, unlike many other languages that make take hundreds of lines of programmer keyed code. All in all, VB is the preferred language of many future programmers. If you want to start programming Windows, and don’t know how to start, then Visual Basic is the program for you.
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Related Studies 2.7 Design Master Electrical
This program is somewhat similar to the Electrical Load Calculation Simulator. Design Master Electrical is an integrated electrical building design and drafting program that runs on top of AutoCAD. Drafting features include light fixture layouts, one line riser diagrams, panel schedules, fully customizable graphics, circuit looping, automatic tick marks, and switching. Calculation features include circuit load totals, breaker sizing, feeder sizing, fault current calculations, voltage drop, and photo-metrics.
F igu re 2.1 Design M aster E lectri cal
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2.8 Power Load Calculator
This software is readily accessible to the public because it is a website. This tool is also related to the proposed design which will help calculate the load on a circuit to see if it is excessive. This software also calculates the minimum circuit breaker size for the given load. This is very useful when its user are in pre-production as they will easily be able to calculate in advance whether or not you will need an external generator, and how many. But this program does not calculate sizes of wires.
F igur e 2.2 Power L oad Calculator
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CHAPTER 3 PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE BASED ELECTRICAL WIRING DESIGN SIMULATOR FOR COMMERCIAL UNITS
Abstract
Electrical Design Analysis created a program in Electrical Software which produces faster and precise results in estimations and calculations for Electrical designs. These programs that are available in the market are expensive and National Electrical Code (NEC) based. The research has come up with an Electrical Wiring Design Simulator for Commercial Establishments application using the Philippine Electrical Code. The study will consider manual computations and compare it with the software calculation output that would address the effectiveness software and high demand factor.
Keywords: Electrical Wiring Design Simulator, Philippine Electrical Code, demand factor
Introduction
As the technology became part of the civilization of mankind, it developed the major key benefit of speed. Technology makes our work easier and a lot faster. In the field of the electrical design and construction, speed became an advantage in saving time and money in computing and estimating the number and length of wires to be used as well as its sizes. This is made possible with the help of computer which is a major technical advancement in the field of Science and Engineering. 13
The Electrical Wiring Design Simulator’s main goal is to lessen the time needed in processing the computation of different types of load which the students involved in the design subject; there are some factors that make this very important to the licensed electrical practitioners. The fast- paced lifestyle of today’s generation, people would settle for something that would make their work faster and of course, accurate. With the advantage of the Electrical Wiring Design Manager as being accurate, electrical engineering students are able to track various multitudes of orders as well as status of the installation and stored materials by performing a fast and accurate estimation of loads.
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Methodology 3.1 Program Development
F igur e 3.1 Progr am Development F low
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3.1.1 Review of Electrical Design based on Philippine Electrical Code
Familiarizing concepts of electrical design were essential to formulate the step-by-step process of the program. The study requires knowledge of both construction and computation of load schedule table and design analysis computation.
3.1.2 Structural Modeling of System Cases
This process involves the creation of different possible cases and combinations of the required inputs. Four major cases are established, these are the types of commercial units to be considered: restaurant, club, office and administration building.
3.1.3 Mathematical Modeling of System Cases
This process involves the formulation of equations to be used in computation for the desired results. Different cases require different equations and concepts. The said four major cases have different demand factors to be used and different calculation methods.
3.1.4 Testing of Sample Electrical Designs
Sample for every cases are to be tested. Different types of commercial units and different loads are considered to test the results accuracy.
3.1.5 Comparing Program Results from Manual Computation Results
The program outcomes and results are compared to the manual computation results to see if there are discrepancies with the values.
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3.1.6 Data Verification
If the program gives results equal to the manual computation, the results in considered to be valid. All the cases’ results must be proved to be valid for the program to be called accurate.
3.1.7 Data Interpretation
This process involves the analysis of the data that the program gives. The program gives faster and accurate results; therefore the program is time efficient and accurate.
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3.2 General Program Flow
F igur e 3.2 General Program F low
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3.2.1 Input Data
The user will select the type of commercial unit and input all the required data in creating a load schedule table and design analysis.
3.2.2 Construction of Load Schedule Table
Loads that are inputted by the user is now then put in the load schedule. It includes a circuit number, description of loads, rating, rated current, circuit breaker ratings, size of wires and conduit size.
3.2.3 Perform Computation
The program performs two different types of computation: load schedule computation and design analysis. For the load schedule table, the program computes for the rated current and gives the size of the wires, conduit size and circuit breaker ratings for each load. Also for load schedule table, it computes the overall current and gives the size of the wires, conduit size and circuit breaker rating. For design analysis computation, the program only computes for the overall current and gives the size of the wires, conduit size and circuit breaker rating.
3.2.4 Display Results
The program displays the computed results in the load schedule table and the computation of the design analysis in its dedicated platform. In the load schedule table, it displays the size of the wires, conduit size and circuit breaker rating of each load and also the main feeder size of wires and main circuit breaker ratings. While on the design analysis platform, it only displays the main feeder size of wires and main circuit breaker ratings.
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3.2.5 Save
If the user is satisfied with the design, one can choose to save it or discard the design. If the user chose to save the file, the program will produce two file types: text file for design analysis and excel file for the load schedule table.
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3.3 Graphical User Interface
F igure 3.3.1 I nitial D raft
The first draft GUI (general user interface) which contains only limited options and doesn’t include Design Analysis.
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F igur e 3.3.2 Dr aft
The GUI that includes Design Analysis and provides more options. It also contains more data and outputs the results of the program.
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3.4 Dropdown lists of possible loads
F igur e 3.4.1 M otor L oads
F igu r e 3.4.2 Kitch en L oads
F igu r e 3.4.3 Spare
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F igur e 3.4.4 Li ghting L oads
F igu re 3.4.5 Conveni ence Outlet
F igu r e 3.4.5 Other L oads
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3.5 Comparison of Software and Manual Calculation
F igur e 3.5.1 Admin istration Software Calculation
F igur e 3.5.2 Admini stration M anual Calculation
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F igu r e 3.5.3 Clu b Soft ware Calcul ation
F igur e 3.5.4 Club Manu al Calculation
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F igu r e 3.5.5 Off ice Softwar e Calcul ation
F igur e 3.5.6 Offi ce M anual Calculation
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F igu re 3.5.7 Restaur ant Softwar e Calcul ation
F igur e 3.5.8 Restaurant M anual Calculation
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3.6 Software Screenshots
F igu re 3.6.1 – M ain Screen of t he pr ogram
Main Screen of the program
The figure shows the main screen of the program
It displays the work area of the program
To save a file, select the Save button
To exit the program, select File and click Exit or simply the Exit button
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F igu re 3.6.2 – L oad Schedul e and D esign An alysis Wi ndow
Load Schedule and Design Analysis Window
This is where the user inputs the required data for the program.
Click Add button to input details to the Load Schedule.
After the inputs are supplied, click Compute to display the computations.
Click the Save button to save the file as an excel file.
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F igur e 3.6.3 – Excel F il e and Text F il e Win dow
Excel File and Text File Window
This is the window where the user opens a file.
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3.7 Sample Load Calculation
Screenshot from the software, the Design Analysis
F igur e 3.6.4 – Design An alysis
General Light Load Formula
General Lighting Load = (Total Floor Area) x (Multiplier from table 2.20.2.3) 2
General Lighting Load = (450m ) x (28) General Lighting Load = 12,600 VA
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Small Appliances at 180VA per convenience outlet
Small Appliances = (180 VA – table 2.20.2.5(i)) x (Number of Convenience Outlets) Small Appliances = (180 VA) (9) Small Appliances = 1,620 VA
Application of Demand Factor
From table 2.20.3.5 First 10kVa or less at 100% Remainder over 10kVa at 50% From figure – Design Analysis Subtotal = 11,530 VA Application of First 10kVa : 13,059 VA - 10,000 VA = 3059 VA Remainder 3059 VA at 50% = (3059 VA) x (0.50) = 1,530 VA
For IT (Total Ampacity)
IT = Total Load / 230 Volts IT = 7,518 VA / 230 Volts IT = 32.69
Sizes of wires, breaker, and conduis
For wires, table 3.10.1.16 For breakers, table 2.40.1.6 For conduit, table C8 of page 1,570
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Chapter 4 CONCLUSION
Electrical Design Analysis created a program in Electrical Software which produces faster and precise results in estimations and calculations for Electrical designs. These programs that are available in the market are expensive and National Electrical Code (NEC) based. The research has come up with an Electrical Wiring Design Simulator for Commercial Establishments application using the Philippine Electrical Code. The study will consider manual computations and compare it with the software calculation output that would address the effectiveness software and high demand factor.
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Chapter 5 RECOMMENDATIONS
This topic suggests that it covers more commercial buildings since the group focuses only to office, club, restaurant, and administration buildings where corresponding demand factors are to be considered from different commercial buildings. Updated wires should also be considered as it varies with respect to time. Also, it is recommended for this program to be developed so that it can also be used in industrial projects. The expenses of equipments and illumination have not been included since today’s industries have different perspective of designing in commercial establishment design catered to technological innovation.
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REFERENCES
Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1 Volume 1, 2009 National Electrical Code, 2008
SQL Cookbook by Anthony Molinaro, December 2005 Root, Randal; Romero Sweeney, Mary (2006). A tester's guide to .NET programming "The Birth of Visual Basic". Rian " Petot " Danao I Programming Python, 3rd Edition By Mark Lutz, August 2006
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APPENDIX A Definition of Terms Philippine Electrical Code (PEC). It covers almost every electrical installation in the
Philippines from its design to operation. National Electrical Code (NEC). It is a United States standard for the safe installation of
electrical wiring and equipment. Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC). A threadable raceway of circular cross section designed for
the physical protection and routing of conductors and cables and for use as an equipment grounding conductor when installed with its integral or associated coupling and appropriate fittings. RMC is generally made of steel (ferrous) with protective coatings or aluminum (nonferrous). Special use types are red brass and stainless steel. Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon (THHN). It is appropriate for new construction
or rewiring for 600-volt applications. When used as type THHN, the conductor is suitable for use in wet or dry location of temperatures not to exceed 90C or not to exceed 75C. Ampacity. It is the current, in Amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the
conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating. Conduit. A duct or tube into which electrical cables may be pulled; a type of raceway. Demand Factor (DF). Used to refer the fractional amount of some quantity being used
relative to the maximum amount that could be used by the same system. Circuit Breaker (CB). Is an automatically- operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by overload of electricity or short circuit. It is used to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue Electrical flow. AT- Ampere Trip AF- Ampere Frame GUI- Graphical User Interface
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APPENDIX B Tables and Sections from PEC 2.20.1.5 Calculations. (a) Voltages. Unless other voltages are specified, for purposes of calculating branch -circuit and feeder loads, nominal system voltages of 115, 115/230, 208Y/120, 230, 347, 400Y/230, 460Y/265, 460, 600Y/347, and 600 volts shall be used. (b) Fractions of an Ampere. Where calculations result in a fraction of an ampere that is less than 0.5, such fractions shall be permitted to be dropped.
Table 2.20.2.3 General Lighting Loads by Occupancy Unit Loa d Type of Occupancy
V o l t- A m p e r e s p e r S q u a r e M e te r
A rm o rie s a n d a u d it o riu m
8
Banks
2 8 **
Barber S hops and Beauty parlors
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C h u rc h e s
8
C lu b s
16
C o u rt R o o m s
16
D w e llin g u n it s *
24
G a ra g e -C om m e rc ia l s to ra g e
4
H o s p it a ls
16
H o t e ls a n d Mo t e ls , i n c l u d i n g ap artm ent h ous es without prov ision for cook ing b y tenants* Ind u s trial com m ercial (loft) building
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16
L o d g e ro o m s
12
O ffic e b u ild in g s
28
R e s t a u ra n t s
16
S c h o o ls
24
S t o re s
24
W a re h o u s e ( s t o ra g e )
2
In a n y o f th e a b o v e occupancies except onef a m i ly d w e l li n g s a n d i n d i v i d u a l d w e l li n g u n i t s o f t w o - fa m il y a n d m u l t i- fa m il y d w e l l in g d w e l l in g s : A s s e m b l y H a l ls a n d auditorium Halls,corridors,closet,stairway s S t o ra g e s p a c e s
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8 4 2
2.20.2.5 Other Loads — All Occupancies. In all occupancies, the minimum load for each outlet for general-use receptacles and outlets not used for general illumination shall not be less than that calculated in 2.20.2.5(a) through (l), the loads shown being based on nominal branch-circuit voltages.
(i) Receptacle Outlets . Except as covered in 2.20.2.5(j) and (k), receptacle outlets shall be calculated at not less than 180 volt-amperes for each single or for each multiple receptacle on one yoke. A single piece of equipment consisting of a multiple receptacle comprised of four or more receptacles shall be calculated at not less than 90 volt-amperes per receptacle. This provision shall not be applicable to the receptacle outlets specified in 2.10.1.11(c)(1) and (c)(2). 2.20.3.17 Kitchen Equipment — Other Than Dwelling Unit(s). It shall be permissible to calculate the load for commercial electric cooking equipment, dishwasher booster heaters, water heaters, and other kitchen equipment in accordance with Table 2.20.3.17. These demand factors shall be applied to all equipment that has either thermostatic control or intermittent use as kitchen equipment. These demand factors shall not apply to space-heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning equipment. However, in no case shall the feeder or service calculated load be less than the sum of the largest two kitchen equipment loads.
Table 2.20.3.17 Demand Factors for Kitchen Equipment — Other Than Dwelling Unit(s)
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2.20.3.5 Receptacle Loads — Other Than Dwelling Units.
Receptacle loads calculated in accordance with 2.20.2.5(h) and (I) shall be permitted to be made subject to the demand factors given in Table 2.20.3.3 or Table 2.20.3.5.
Table 2.20.3.5 Demand Factors for Non-dwelling Receptacle Loads
2.20.4.9 New Restaurants. Calculation of a service or feeder load, where the feeder serves the total load, for a new restaurant shall be permitted in accordance with Table 2.20.4.9 in lieu of Part 2.20.3.
The overload protection of the service conductors shall be in accordance with 2.30.7.1 and 2.40.1.4. Feeder conductors shall not be required to be of greater ampacity than the service conductors. Service or feeder conductors whose calculated load is determined by this optional calculation shall be permitted to have the neutral load determined by 2.20.3.22.
Table 2.20.4.9 Optional Method — Permitted Load Calculations for Service and Feeder Conductors for New Restaurants
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2.40.1.6 Standard Ampere Ratings. (a) Fuses and Fixed-Trip Circuit Breakers. The standard ampere ratings for fuses and inverse time circuit breakers shall be considered 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 amperes. Additional standard ampere ratings for fuses shall be 1, 3, 6, 10, and 601. The use of fuses and inverse time circuit breakers with nonstandard ampere ratings shall be permitted.
Table 2.50.6.13 Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway and Equipment
Rating or Setting of Automatic Overcurrent Device in Circuit Ahead of Equipment, Conduit, etc., N o t E x c e e d i ng (Amperes)
15 20 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000
S iz e m m 2 ( m m d ia . )
Copper
Copper Aluminum or C o p p e r - C la d A lu m in u m *
2 .0 (1 .6 ) 3 .5 (2 .0 ) 5 .5 (2 .6 ) 5 .5 (2 .6 ) 5 .5 (2 .6 ) 8 .0 (3 .2 ) 14 22 30 30 38 50 60 80 100 125 175 200 250 400 400
3 .5 (2 .0 ) 5 .5 (2 .6 ) 8 .0 (3 .2 ) 8 .0 (3 .2 ) 8 .0 (3 .2 ) 14 22 30 38 50 60 80 100 125 175 200 325 325 400 600 600
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Table 3.10.1.16 Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors Rated 0 Through 2000 Volts, 60°C Through 90°C (140°F Through 194°F), Not More Than Three Current-Carrying Conductors in Raceway, Cable, or Earth (Directly Buried), Based on Ambient Temperature of 30°C (86°F) T e m p e r a tu r e R at i n g o f C o n d u c t o r ( S e e T a b l e 3 . 1 0 . 1 . 1 3 . ) 60°C
Conductor Size mm2(mm dia.)
Types TW, UF
75°C
Types RHW, THHW, THW, THWN, XHHW, USE, ZW
90°C Types TBS, SA, SIS, FEP, FEPB, MI, RHH, RHW-2, THHN, THHW, THW-2, THWN-2, USE-2, XHH, XHHW, XHHW-2, ZW-2
20 25 30 40 55 70 90 100 120 135 160 185 210 240 260 280 315 370 395 405 445
20 25 35 50 65 85 110 125 145 160 195 220 255 280 305 330 375 435 470 485 540
75°C
Types T W, UF
Types RHW, THHW, THW, THWN, XHHW, US E
90°C TBS, SA, SIS, RHH, RHW2, THHN, THHW, THW2, THWN2, USE-2, XHH, XHHW, XHHW2 Z W-
A l u m i n u m o r C o p p e r C la d Aluminum
Copper
2 .0 (1 .6 ) * 3 .5 (2 .0 ) * 5 .5 (2 .6 ) * 8 .0 (3 .2 ) 14 22 30 38 50 60 80 100 125 150 175 200 250 325 375 400 500
60°C
25 30 40 55 70 90 115 130 150 170 205 225 265 295 345 355 400 470 530 515 580
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—
—
—
20 25 30 40 55 65 75 95 100 120 140 165 185 205 220 255 305 315 335 370
20 30 40 50 65 80 90 110 120 145 170 200 225 245 265 305 365 380 405 440
25 35 45 60 80 90 105 125 135 165 190 225 250 275 300 345 410 430 460 495
Table 4.30.14.2 Full-Load Currents in Amperes, Single-Phase Alternating-Current Motors
The following values of full-load currents are for motors running at usual speeds and motors with normal torque characteristics. The voltages listed are rated motor voltages. The currents listed shall be permitted for system voltage ranges of 110 to 120 and 220 to 240 volts.
H o r s e po w e r 1 1 5 V o lt s 1 ⁄6 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄3
1 ⁄2 3 ⁄4
1 1 1 ⁄2
2 3 5 7 1 ⁄2
10
4 .4 5 .8 7 .2 9 .8 1 3 .8 16 20 24 34 56 80 100
2 0 0 V o lt s
2 0 8 V o lt s
2 3 0 V o lt s
2 .5 3 .3 4 .1 5 .6 7 .9 9 .2 1 1 .5 1 3 .8 1 9 .6 3 2 .2 46 5 7 .5
2 .4 3 .2 4 5 .4 7 .6 8 .8 11 1 3 .2 1 8 .7 3 0 .8 44 55
2 .2 2 .9 3 .6 4 .9 6 .9 8 10 12 17 28 40 50
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Table 4.30.14.4 Full-Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating-Current Motors
The following values of full-load currents are typical for motors running at speeds usual for belted motors and motors with normal torque characteristics. The voltages listed are rated motor voltages. The currents listed shall be permitted for system voltage ranges of 110 to 120, 220 to 240, 440 to 480, and 550 to 600 volts.
Synchronous-Type Unity Power Factor* (Amperes)
I n d u c t io n - T y p e S q u i r re l C a g e a n d W o u n d R o t or ( A m p e r e s ) Horsepower 1 1 5 V o lt s
2 0 0 V o lt s
208 Volts
2 3 0 V o lt s
400 Volts
460 Volts
575 Volts
2300 Volts
230 Volts
400 Volts
460 Volts
575 Volts
2300 Volts
1⁄2
4 .4
2 .5
2 .4
2 .2
1 .3
1 .1
0 .9
-
-
-
-
-
-
3⁄4
6 .4
3 .7
3 .5
3 .2
1 .8
1 .6
1 .3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
8 .4
4 .8
4 .6
4 .2
2 .3
2 .1
1 .7
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 1 ⁄2
12
6 .9
6 .6
6
3 .3
3
2 .4
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1 3 .6
7 .8
7 .5
6 .8
4 .3
3 .4
2 .7
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
11
1 0 .6
9 .6
6 .1
4 .8
3 .9
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1 7 .5
1 6 .7
1 5 .2
9 .7
7 .6
6 .1
-
-
-
-
-
7 1 ⁄2
-
2 5 .3
24 .2
22
14
11
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
3 2 .2
30 .8
28
18
14
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
4 8 .3
46 .2
42
27
21
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
6 2 .1
59 .4
54
34
27
22
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
7 8 .2
7 4 .8
68
44
34
27
-
53
3 3 .6
26
21
-
30
-
92
88
80
51
40
32
-
63
40 .8
32
26
-
40
-
120
114
104
66
52
41
-
83
52
41
33
-
50
-
150
143
130
83
65
52
-
104
66 .4
52
42
-
60
-
177
169
154
103
77
62
16
123
8 1 .6
61
49
12
75
-
221
211
192
128
96
77
20
155
104
78
62
15
100
-
285
273
248
165
12 4
99
26
202
13 4 .4
10 1
81
20
125
-
359
343
312
208
15 6
125
31
253
168
126
101
25
150
-
414
396
360
240
1 80
144
37
302
2 0 1 .3
1 51
121
30
200
-
552
528
480
320
24 0
192
49
400
268
201
161
40
250
-
-
-
-
403
302
242
60
-
-
-
-
-
300
-
-
-
-
482
361
289
72
-
-
-
-
-
350
-
-
-
-
560
414
336
83
-
-
-
-
-
400
-
-
-
-
636
477
382
95
-
-
-
-
-
450
-
-
-
-
711
515
412
10 3
-
-
-
-
-
500
-
-
-
-
786
590
472
11 8
-
-
-
-
-
*For 90 and 80 percent power factor, the figures shall be multiplied by 1.1 and 1.25, respectively.
44
