PE Review - Structural.pdf

The Civ il Eng in eer Scho ol at AFIT The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

PE EXAM REVIEW: STRUCTURAL MORNING TOPICS

Thomas M. Synovec Capt, USAF AFIT/ENV/GEM 9 September 2013

Vital - Relevant - Connected

Overview The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Introduction • Topics • Loadings • Determinate Analysis • Mechanics of Materials • Materials • Member Design

• Takeaways • Str uc tu ral PM Exam Vital - Relevant - Connected

Introduction The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Stru ctu ral Accou nts for 20% of t he Morn ing Exa m • Approximately 8 Questions

• 5 Sub-Topic s • Loadings • Analysis • Mechanics of Materials • Structural Materials • Member Design

• Format • Fundamentals Driven Lecture • Discussion of Individual Sub-Topics Followed by Representative Exam-Style Questions


The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Loadings


Loadings The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Loads : Forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes •

Type s o f L oads •

Dead (D)

•

Liv e (L)

•

Construction (Lc)

•

Wind (W)

•

Seismic (E)

•

Rain (R)

•

Snow (S)

•

Fluids (F)

•

Lateral Earth Pressure (H)


Dead L oads The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Dead Lo ads : Consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into the building including, but not limited to, walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items and fixed service equipment including the weight of cranes (ASCE 07-05)


Liv e Lo ads The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Live Loads : A load produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure that does not include construction or environmental loads, such as wind, snow, rain, earthquake, flood, or dead loads (ASCE 07-05)


Cons tru cti on (Liv e) Loads The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Construction Loads : Typically live loads that occur as a direct result of construction activities


Transl atin g Loads The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

PD = 5 kips

wL = 3 kips/ft wD = 2 kips/ft

5 ft 25 ft Vital - Relevant - Connected

Load Com bin atio ns The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Two Design Methods with Different Load Combinations • Load and Resistance Factored Design (LRFD) • aka: Strength Design

• Allowable Stress Design (ASD) • aka: Working Stress Design

• For Either Design Method, use the Controlling Load Combination for Analysis/Design • Service Loads or Serviceability Limit States use Unfactored Loads


LRFD Lo ad Com bi nation s The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

1. 1.4(D + F) 2. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(L r or S or R) 3. 1.2D + 1.6(L r or S or R) + ((0.5 or 1.0)*L or 0.8W) 4. 1.2D + 1.6W + (0.5 or 1.0) *L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 5. 1.2D + 1.0E + (0.5 or 1.0) *L + 0.2S 6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H 7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H Largest Load Controls Design/Analysis


ASD Load Combinations The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

1. D + F 2. D + H + F + L + T 3. D + H + F + (L r or S or R) 4. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T) + 0.75(L r or S or R) 5. D + H + F + (W or 0.7E) 6. D + H + F + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(L r or S or R) 7. 0.6D + W + H 8. 0.6D + 0.7E + H Largest Load Controls Design/Analysis Vital - Relevant - Connected


Analysis


Analysis The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Determ in ate Analysi s i n th e AM • Indeterminate Analysis on Civil-Structural (PM)

• Statics Requir es Equi lib riu m Conditi ons are Met • ∑Fx = 0 • ∑Fy = 0 • ∑M = 0 (About an axis of interest)

• Topic s Cove red in t his Secti on • Connections • Determinacy • Determinate Analysis (Summing Forces) • Superposition using Beam Formulas • Frames • Trusses


Connections The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.






Determinacy The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Xa

Ra

r > 3n (Indeterminate) r = 3n (Determinate) r < 3n (Unstable)


Rb


3 = 3(1) Stable

4 = 3(1) Indeterminate

2 = 3(1) Unstable



3 = 3(1) Unstable


Determ in ate An aly si s The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

PD = 5 kips

wL = 3 kips/ft wD = 2 kips/ft



PD = (1.2)(5 kips) = 6 kips

w = (1.2)(2 kips/ft) + (1.6)(3 kips/ft) = 7.2 kips/ft



P = 6 kips w = 7.2 kips/ft

Xa

5 ft 25 ft Ra

Rb

∑Fx = Xa = 0 ∑Ma = (Rb)(25’) – (6k)(5’) – (7.2k/ft)(25’)(12.5’) = 0 Rb = 2280k / 25’ = 91.2 k ∑Fy = Ra + 91.2k – 6k – (7.2k/ft)(25’) = 0 Ra = 94.8 k Vital - Relevant - Connected


P = 6 kips

w = 7.2 kips/ft

5 ft 10 ft

10 ft P = 6 kips

Ma

w = 7.2 kips/ft

Xa 5 ft 10 ft Ra Vital - Relevant - Connected

10 ft


P = 6 kips

Ma

w = 7.2 kips/ft

Xa 5 ft 10 ft

10 ft

Ra ∑Fx = Xa = 0 ∑Fy = Ra - 6k – (7.2k/ft)(10’) = 0 Ra = 78.0 k ∑Ma = Ma – (6k)(5’) – (7.2k/ft)(10’) (15’) = 0 Ma = 1110.0 ft-k Vital - Relevant - Connected

Superposition The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.







Relooking at the Previous Simply Support Example P = 6 kips w = 7.2 kips/ft

Xa

5 ft 25 ft Ra

Rb

Ra = (.5) (7.2k/ft)(25’) + (6 k)(25’ – 5’)/(25’) = 94.8 k Rb = (.5) (7.2k/ft)(25’) + (6 k)(5’)/(25’) = 91.2 k Vital - Relevant - Connected

Frames The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.



Internal Hinge


Fixed Connection


w = 5 kips/ft


w = 5 kips/ft


w = 5 kips/ft

w = 5 kips/ft Xa

Xa 20 ft

Ra

20 ft

Ra

Rb

Rb 15 ft

15 ft

5 ft

5 ft

∑Fx = Xa = 0

∑Fx = Xa = 0

∑Ma = (Rb)(15’) – (5k/ft)(20’) (10’) = 0 Rb = 66.7 k

∑Ma = (Rb)(15’) – (5k/ft)(5’) (17.5’) = 0 Rb = 29.2 k

∑Fy = Ra + Rb – (5k/ft)(20’) = 0 Ra = -(66.7 k) + (100 k) Ra = 33.3 k

∑Fy = Ra + Rb – (5k/ft)(5’) = 0 Ra = -(29.2 k) + (25 k) Ra = -4.2 k


Trusses The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Truss Assumptions • Members are pin connected • Loads placed at nodes only • Axial loading

• Two Me thod s fo r Analyzing Trusses • Method of Joints • Method of Sections

•

Ident if y Zero Force Me mbers



10 kip H

10 kip I

J

10 kip K

L

8 ft A

G B

C

D

6 @ 6 ft = 36 ft

• Find: Forc e in CJ • Prob lem S olv ing Steps • Solve External Reactions • Use Method of Joints/Sections


E

F


10 kip H

10 kip I

J

10 kip K

L

8 ft XA

A

G B

C

D

E

F

6 @ 6 ft = 36 ft RA

RG

∑Fx = Xa = 0 ∑MA = (RG)(36’) – (10 k)(6’) – (10 k)(18’) – (10 k)(30’) = 0 RG = 15 k

10 ft 8 ft

∑Fy = RA + RG – (three)(10 k) = 0 RA = (30k) – (15 k) RA = 15 k


6 ft

Method of J oint s The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Node A

AH

A

AB

RA = 15 k

∑Fy = RA + AH(8’/10’) = 0 (0.8)AH = -15 k AH = -18.75 k = 18.75 k (C) ∑Fx = AB – AH(6’/10’) = 0 AB = (0.6)(18.75k) AB = 11.25 k (T)



Node H 10 k

HI

H HA HB

∑Fy = -10k – HB + AH(8’/10’) = 0 HB = 15k – 10k HB = 5 k (T) ∑Fx = HI + AH(6’/10’) = 0 HI = (0.6)(18.75k) HI = 11.25 k (C)



Node B

BH BI B BA

BC

∑Fy = BH + BI(8’/10’) = 0 (0.8)BI = -5k BI = 6.25 k (C) ∑Fx = BC - BI(6’/10’) – BA = 0 BC = 11.25k + (0.6)(6.25k) BC = 15 k (T)



Node I

IH

IJ

I

IB IC

∑Fy = IB(8’/10’) – IC = 0 IC = (6.25k)(0.8) IC = 5 k (T) ∑Fx = IH + IB(6’/10’) + IJ = 0 IJ = -11.25k - (0.6)(5k) IJ = 15k (C)



Node C

CI CJ C CB

CD

∑Fy = CJ(8’/10’) + CI = 0 (0.8)CJ = -5k CJ = 6.25 k (C) ∑Fx = -CB – CJ(6’/10’) + CD = 0 CD = -15k – (0.6)(6.25k) CD = 18.75 k (T)


CJ = 6.25 k (C)

Meth od o f Sect io ns The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

10 kip H

10 kip I

J

10 kip K

L

8 ft XA

A

G B

C

D

E

F

6 @ 6 ft = 36 ft RA

RG

Rule s for Making Cuts usin g Method of Se ctio ns 1.

Cut must separate structure into only two parts

2.

Cut cannot pass through more than three members

3.

Cut cannot result in members with concurrent forces


Meth od o f Sect io ns The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

10 kip H

I

J

8 ft XA

A B

C

D

2 @ 6 ft = 12 ft

RA

∑Fy = RA – 10k + (CJ)(8’/10’) = 0 (0.8)CJ = 10k – 15k CJ = 6.25 k (C)


Zero-Force Memb ers The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• When all t he forc es at a no de are transf or med to t he glo bal x-y coord inate syst em: • If one axis consists of only one force, that force must be zero • If one axis consists of only two forces, those forces must be equal and opposite 10 kip H

10 kip I

J

10 kip K

L

8 ft XA

A

G B

C

D

E

F

6 @ 6 ft = 36 ft RA


RG


Where are the zero-force members in the structure below?

10 kip

10 kip 10 kip

G

F

I

H

J

8 ft E

A B

C

D

4 @ 6 ft = 24 ft



10 kip

10 kip 10 kip

G

F

I

H

10 kip J

10 kip 10 kip

G

I

H

8 ft E

A B

C

D

4 @ 6 ft = 24 ft


8 ft E

A B

C

D

4 @ 6 ft = 24 ft


Mechani cs o f Materials


Mech ani cs of Materi als The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Topi cs Covere d in thi s Secti on • Sectio nal Properties • Stress and S tr ain • Stresses • Shear • Flexural (Bending) • Axial (Tension or Compression) • Torsional (Not specified on AM Test) • Combined Stresses

• Cut Dia grams • Shear Diagrams • Moment Dia gr ams • Deflection • Miscellaneous Vital - Relevant - Connected

Sect io nal Pro perti es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Secti onal Properties Discu ssed •

Area (A)

•

Location of Centroid (Elastic Neutral Axis)

• •

Moment of Inertia (I) Elastic Section Modulus (S)

•

Radius of Gyration (r)

•

First Moment of the Area (Q)

•

Polar Moment of Inertia (J)

•

Shear Center

•

Kern

h

b



3”

1

15”

2

2” 25” Vital - Relevant - Connected


1

3”

NA 15”

2

13.93”



1

3”

NA 15”

2

13.93”



1

3”

NA 15”

2

13.93”



1

3”

NA 15”

2

13.93”



Shear Cent er: an imaginary point on a cross-section through which a shear force can be applied without inducing torsion; the shear center is not always located through the centroid P

No Tors ion Vital - Relevant - Connected

P

Torsion


P

P NA

No Tors ion Vital - Relevant - Connected

NA

Torsion


Kern: an imaginary zone on a cross-section through which an axial force can be applied and the cross-section can be assumed to be entirely in compression or tension

1.61” 5.51”


Sect io n Pro perti es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

h

Important t o Remembe r f or Slab Design/Analysis

b Vital - Relevant - Connected

Str ess and Str ain The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Materials Te stin g used t o Determi ne Stress and Strain Values fo r Materials at Yield, Ultim ate, and Rupt ur e Strengths

•

Stress and Strain are Propo rtio nal and are relate d by Young’s Modulus (N ormal Stress)

•

Thermal De fo rmati on and Creep Impact Stress and Strain Values Vital - Relevant - Connected




Same Slope



Materials Term Strong Weak


Defini tio n High Ultimate Strength Low Ultimate Strength

Tough

Yields well before Rupture

Brittle

Catastrophic Failure

Hard

High Modulus of Elasticity

Soft

Low Modulus of Elasticity

Stresses The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Stresses Discu ssed • Shear • Flexural (Bending) • Axial (Tension and Compression) • Torsion • Combined Stresses Vital - Relevant - Connected

Shear Stress es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.


Shear Stress es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

V = 2 kips

3”

y1

7”

NA

10”

10”


Flexu ral ( Bend in g) Str ess es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

+ = Above NA - = Below NA Vital - Relevant - Connected

Flexu ral Stress es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

3”

y1

7”

NA

10”

M = 4 ft-k σ

1

10”


Axial Stresses The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Compression

Tension



6.67” NA

3.33” 10”

P = 2 kips 10”



6.67” NA

3.33” 10”

P = 2 kips

10”


Tor si on al Stre ss es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Occu rs w hen a S hear Forc e is Lo aded Eccentric ally Ca usin g a Torsi on al Force P arallel to the C ro ss -Sectio n • Visualized as a Moment about the X-Axis (Parallel to Cross-Section)

•

Eccentri c Loading = Loading a Dist ance “ e” fro m the S hear Center


Com bi ned S tr ess es The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Positive Sign Convention



Positive Sign Convention

Mohr’s Circl e



5 ksi 7 ksi

1. Determine Maximum Normal and Shear Stresses 2. Determine Angle of the Plane of Princ iple Normal S tr esses

25 ksi

3. Draw Moh r’s C ircle

7 ksi



5 ksi 7 ksi

25 ksi

7 ksi



5 ksi 7 ksi

25 ksi

7 ksi



5 ksi 7 ksi

25 ksi

7 ksi


Combined Stresses The AFI T of Today is

the Air Force of

Tom orrow.

3. Draw Mohr’s Circle

τ

 =  =

1 25    5  2

(10, 16.55)

 =

(-5, 7) (-6.55, 0)

 + 

 16.55  = 6.55 ksi =

.+ −. 

= 10.00 

2 = 2 12.51  = 25.02  (10, 0)

(26.55, 0) σ

5 ksi

25⁰

7 ksi (25, -7) 25 ksi (10, -16.55) 7 ksi


Cut Diagrams The AFI T of Today is

the Air Force of

M

M P

P

V


Tom orrow.

V

Cut Diagr ams The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

w = 2 klf M P

V X 20 kips


Shear Diagr ams The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

w = 2 klf

20’

20 kips

20 kips

20 kips

V(x)

10’


-20 kips

Mom ent Diagr ams The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

w = 2 klf

20 kips

10’

10’

20 kips

20 kips V(x) Mmax = 100 ‘k

M(x)


-20 kips

Deflection The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Several D if ferent M eth ods f or Determi ni ng Defl ectio ns • Table Lookup and Superposition (Easiest) • Double Integration Method • Conjugate Beam Method • Strain-Energy Method (Internal/External Work) • Virtual Work Method

• Not Coverin g Str ain -Energy and Virt ual Wor k Meth od s • Complicated Given Short Class Duration • Detailed in CERM


Dou bl e Int egr ati on The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Beam Boundary Conditions End Condition

y

Simple Support

0

Fixed

0

Free Hinge


y’

y’’

V

M

0 0 0

0

0 0

Dou bl e Int egr ati on The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

y’ (L/2 = 10’) = 0

y (0) = 0


Con ju gate Be am The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Fixed Connection

20 kips 400 ft-k

20 kips

20’

20 kips V(x)

M(x)

Mmax = -400 ft-k


Con ju gate Be am The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Reversed Support Conditions

Δmax

θmax 20’


Tabl e Lo ok up The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

3EI

3EI

Load Tables Assumes you Know Which Direction the Deflection Acts Vital - Relevant - Connected

Miscellaneous The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

w = 2 klf

M = 75 k-ft

7’

5’


4’

4’

Miscellaneous The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

w = 2 klf 99 ft-k

M = 75 ft-k

2 kips 5’

7’

4’

4’

6 kips

2 kips V(x)

-6 kips 9 ft-k M(x)

85 ft-k 99 ft-k



Materials


Materials The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

PE Exam Inclu des Several C onc eptual Que st ion s that do n ot Require any Calculations

•

Materials on the AM S ectio n • Steel • Concrete

Material

Tensile Strength

Compressive Strength

Density

Wood (Avg)

1.2 ksi

1.55 ksi

21.7 pcf

1,300 ksi

Masonry

0.4 ksi

2.0 ksi

130 pcf

1,500 ksi

A36 Steel

36 ksi (58 ksi)

36 ksi (58 ksi)

490 pcf

29,000 ksi

Concrete

0.4 ksi

4 ksi

150 pcf

3,600 ksi


Modulus of Elasticity

Concrete The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Good in Compressio n, Ba d in Tensio n • Needs Rebar to Support Tensile Forces

•

Low Stre ngth -to- Weight Ratio Compara tively • Normal Weight Concrete Weighs 150 pcf (Unless Otherwise Stated)

•

Suscept ibl e to Shri nkage a nd Cree p

•

Brit tle Material

•

Widespr ead Usage and Availabil it y • Relatively Cheap

•

Uses ACI Desig n Standards • ACI 318 is Most Widely Used; LRFD Design Methodology Vital - Relevant - Connected







Steel The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Commo n Types of Stee l • Cast Iron • Carbon (Typical for Construction) • Alloy

•

Ductile Ma terial wi th Good Strength -to-W eight Ratio

•

Highly Susceptib le to Therma l Deform ation

•

AISC Steel Manual is the Design Gu ide • ASD and LRFD are used • Not Uncommon to Have Built-up Sections



Design


Memb er Desi gn The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Requir ements f or t he AM Sectio n • Steel Design • Beam Design

• Concrete Design • Beam Design • Slab Design • Footing Design

• Answers on PE Exam are Typically Given for both ASD and LRFD • This Section will Focus on LRFD as it is applicable to both Materials


Steel Beam Desig n The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Steps For Flexu ral Stee l Desi gn (Beams ) 1. Determine Fy, L, Lb 2. Estimate Beam Weight 3. Calculate Load Combinations 4. Calculate V u and Mu 5. Determine Cb as Applicable 6. Use Tables to Identify Trial Section; Determine ΦMn 7. Check ΦMn ≥ Mu 8. Check ΦVn ≥ Vu 9. Check Deflection using Service Loads


Con cr ete Bea m Desi gn The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Steps For Flexu ral Conc rete D esi gn (Beams) 1. Estimate Beam Weight 2. Calculate Load Combinations 3. Calculate V u and Mu; Draw Shear and Moment Diagrams 4. Determine Tensile Zones 5. Determine A s 6. Create Trial Section with Steel Reinforcement •

Check Development Length of Bars

7. Check ΦMn ≥ Mu 8. Check ΦVn ≥ Vu; Add Stirrups as Necessary 9. Check Deflection using Service Loads •

Typically Thickness Controlled


Con cr ete Desi gn The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

>.005 (Tension Controlled)


Beam Desi gn The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

PD = (1.2)(5 kips) = 6 kips

PD = (1.2)(5 kips) = 6 kips

w = (1.2)(2 kips/ft) + (1.6)(3 kips/ft) = 7.2 kips/ft

5 ft


Ins ert Wor ko ut Pro bl em #1


Slabs The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

One-Way Slab


Two-Way Sl ab

Slabs The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.



Footings The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

Column Footing Vital - Relevant - Connected



Takeaways


Takeaways The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

Pay Attenti on to Units! • English and Metric Units on the PE

•

Look f or Shortcu ts w here Available • “Rules of Thumb” • Work Backwards

•

Test Designers Create Wrong A nsw er Choic es Based U pon Common Ca lcu lation E rro rs

•

You do not Los e Point s for Gue ssi ng • Do not Leave Questions Unanswered



Structural PM Exam


Str uc tu ral P M For mat The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

7 Topic s • Loadings (12.5%) • Analysis (12.5%) • Mechanics of Materials (12.5%) • Materials (12.5%) • Member Design (25%) • Design Criteria (12.5%) • Other Topics (12.5%)

•

LRFD and ASD Design Meth ods Utili zed

•

Get Famil iar wi th you r Refere nc es

•

Focus on the F undamentals F irst , the n th e Exot ic • Don’t Spend all your Time Studying Prestressed Concrete and Forget to Brush up on Analysis Vital - Relevant - Connected

Struc tura l Bo oks The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

•

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 5th edition, 2010,American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.

•

International Building Code, 2009 edition (without supplements), International Code Council, Falls Church, VA. (IBC 2009)

•

Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 2005, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. (ASCE 07-05)

•

Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, 2008, American Concrete

•

Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. (ACI 318-08) Steel Construction Manual, 13th edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL. (AISC 13th Ed.)

•

National Design Specification for Wood Construction ASD/LRFD, 2005 edition & National Design Specification Supplement, Design Values for Wood Construction, 2005 edition, American Forest & Paper Association, Washington, DC.

•

PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete, 6th edition, 2004, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL.

•

Building Code Requirements and Specifications for Masonry Structures (and related commentaries), 2008; The Masonry Society, Boulder, CO; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI; and Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.


Struc tura l Bo oks The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Helpful Books • CERM (Lindberg) • Practice Problems for the Civil Engineering PE Exam (Lindberg) • SERM (Williams) • Structural Engineering Solved Problems (Buckner) • All-in-One Civil Engineering PE: Breadth and Depth (Goswami) • Steel Structures: Design and Behavior (Salmon, Johnson, & Malhas) • Reinforced Concrete: A Fundamental Approach (Nawy) • Prestressed Concrete: A Fundamental Approach (Nawy) • Masonry Structures: Behavior and Design (Drysdale & Hamid) • Advanced Mechanics of Materials (Boresi & Schmidt) • Structural Analysis (Hibbler)


Summary The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.

• Introduction • Topics • Loadings • Determinate Analysis • Mechanics of Materials • Materials • Member Design

• Takeaways • Str uc tu ral PM Exam Vital - Relevant - Connected

Questions The AFIT of Today is t he Air Force of Tomor row.


PE Review - Structural.pdf

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