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ALCOH
DRUG:
SMOKI Nicotin
Inhibits COX1 &
vasoconstricti
Blood
↑parasympathe tic nerve activity to the
Stress
stimulan mucosal blood flow and motilit
Blocks Prostaglandin
Stasis of chyme and ↑glucocorticoid
H-
Mucin Secretion, HCO3 Interferes with the rapid
secretion, Surface active
regeneration of epithelium epithelium ,
phospholipid secretion,
production of mucus, secretion
E ithelial ithelial cell roliferat roliferation, ion,
of alkaline bicarbonate ion, secretion of rotective ↑Stimulation to enterochromaffi n-like cells and
Secretes cytotoxins and enzymes protease, Relaease of
Acid & e sin
Damage to mucosal defenses and
s t
Imbalanced aggressive and defensive ↓mucosal cells, ↓quality of mucous, ↓tight junction
Colonizes antral
Antibiotic, proton pump inhibitor, bismuth salts
H2 receptor antagonist, proton pump inhibitor
te
th
e a r
b
e a r
U
p y
o s c o
E n d
Erosion of large blood
Infection ↑gastrin and↓somatosta
Erosion to the lining of the Ulcer may erode to blood
Massive Hemorrha Hemateme sis, shock,
Perforati
Rupture of small blood
↑permeability of intestinal wall, passage of bacteria and their toxins into the peritoneal
Occult blood in stool
ZollingerEllison syndrome
te s t
Severe ulcerations/pep tic ulcer
Healing with
Peritonitis/ inflammation of peritoneal membrane and other structure of
Irondeficiency Could not secrete enough mucus to act as a protection
