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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA
Precipitating Factors:
Predisposing Factors: Age (>65) Smoking Exposure to some chemical s or pollutants (toxic fumes): farmer
Bacteria
Acute Pain-chest
S. pneumoniae enters the air way
Frequent nonproductive
Bacteria attachment and colonization to the mucus and cells
cough
of the nasopharynx
Risk for aspiration
Transmission >People with pneumonia expel infected droplets of mucus into the air when they cough. >Pneumonia is spread when others breathe the infected droplets.
Spread of organism in the nasopharynx
Impaired oral mucosa
Breath trough the mouth
Upon auscultation Invasion of organism in the bronchial
crackling sounds,
tree
coarse breathing
Impaired host defense mechanism Ineffective airway clearance Damage to the surface cells Increased mucus production Activity intolerance
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired gas exchange
Fatigue
Fluid enters the alveoli and inflammation
Parenchymal and Alveolar sacs tend to consolidate
Adherence of organism in the alveolar wall
Chest x-ray may show a blotchywhite area, where fluid and pus has accumulated in the lung's air sacs
Consolidation of red cells and leukocytes in the lungs
