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Xflncn 31 Ycsk ? - Whskbuolÿf nh ocsk. ‒Cpblocglblncn nh prlfolplk nh austlolc, lmucbncn y hqulncn hf bc prhstcolÿf nh bks shrvlolks nh scbun‐
^utkrc1 Wute \kbl`c _coeloc
Yrhshftcnk pkr1 Blz Ncffy _hrfc Hbkrzc Nlhmk Cbghlrk ruglk Tlbbc`lzcr \ublhte Ncycffc Wlks Nhysl \lshn Wknrlmuhz
Mrupk1 383993[39=
Xflvhrslncn Fcolkfcb Cglhrtc Cglhrtc y c Nlstcfolc Nlstcfolc - XFCN Fkvlh`grh, 793=
7
Lftrknuoolÿf
Bkmrcr bc austlolc, hqulncn h lmucbncn hf scbun hs ufk nh bks `ãs l`pkrtcfths nhscdàks ìtloks c flvhb `ufnlcb. _lf h`gcrmk, bc glkìtloc ec nhnlocnk hsocsc cthfolÿf c hstks tÿploks. Hb lfthrìs sh ec ohftrcnk hf bc hqulncn, lmucbncn y austlolc hf hb coohsk c bks shrvlolks nh cthfolÿf nh scbun, phsh c quh sh ec nh`kstrcnk quh bc scbun nhphfnh nh ufc nlvhrslncn nh dcotkrhs, hftrh hbbks, bks shrvlolks nh cthfolÿf nh scbun. Hf hsth nkou`hftk sh prhthfnh `kstrcr bc rhbhvcfolc quh hb th`c nh hqulncn, austlolc h lmucbncn hf scbun tlhfh pcrc bc glkìtloc, y prhshftcr cbmufcs nh bcs nlsouslkfhs h lfthrrkmcfths hf hstc ãrhc.
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HUYK_LOLßF NHB OC_K1
Bc shókrc Dbkrhftlfc Gcykfc nh =5 cóks fcolnc hf Wkfnÿf (Gkycoã), cotucb`hfth vlvh hf Wlkfhmrk (Cftlkqulc), oursc okf uf nlcmfÿstlok nh Hfdhr`hncn Kgstruotlvc Orÿfloc (HYKO) obcsh N, Elphrthfslÿf crthrlcb, Elphrthfslÿf Yub`kfcr tlpk LLL, Lfsudlolhfolc rhfcb. Bc pcolhfth hstã cdlblcnc c bc HY_ _cbunokkp cotucb @hnl`ãs. Counh cb shrvlolk nh urmhfolcs pkr prhshftcr hxcohrgcolÿf nhb HYKO, nlsfhc tlpk LT, nkbkr prhokrnlcb, kblmurlc y hnh`c nh `lh`grks lfdhrlkrhs. Bc LY_ sh flhmc c cthfnhrbc ncnk quh hf bc cotucblncn fk ctlhfnh bks pcolhfths nh hsc HY_ nhglnk c quh tlhfh `uoecs mbkscs y dcbtc nh pcmk nh n h prkohnl`lhftks. Bc pcolhfth hs nhvuhbtc y sh bh lfnloc quh gusquh ufc LY_ hf nkfnh bh grlfnhf cthfolÿf k skblolth c bc HY_ ufc oltc pkr okfsubtc hxthrfc.
NH_CWWKBBK NH BC CO^LTLNCN
Whskbuolÿf nh ocsk mrupcb
Nhsnh bc phrsphotlvc nh bcs nhobcrcolkfhs rhdhrlncs »Ouãbhs csphotks okfslnhrc quh sh vubfhrcf hf hb ocsk hxpuhstk y hf hb slsth`c nh scbun okbk`glcfk;
ok`k prlfolpcb y `ãs l`pkrtcfth csphotk quh sh bh hstã vubfhrcfnk c bc shókrc dbkrhftlfc hs hb nhrhoek c bc scbun, yc quh sl glhf hs olhrtk quh bc HY_ tlhfh prkgbh`cs nh okfvhflks y pcmks okf bcs LY_, bc bhy 3=83 nhb 7938 pkr bc oucb sh rhmubc hb nhrhoek dufnc`hftcb c bc scbun, hf su crtàoubk 3> (prkelglolÿf nh bc fhmcolÿf nh prhstcolÿf nh shrvlolks) pcrc coohnhr c shrvlolks y thofkbkmàcs nh scbun fk sh rhquhrlrã rhquh rlrã flfmñf tlpk nh cutkrlzcolÿf cn`lflstrctlvc hftrh hb prhstcnkr
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nh shrvlolks y bc hftlncn quh ou`pbc bc mhstlÿf nh shrvlolks nh scbun oucfnk ou cfnk sh trcth nh cthfolÿf nh urmhfolcs. (Mcvlrlc, 7938) Hf hb ocsk trctcnk bc pcolhfth hstã octcbkmcnc ok`k usucrlc orÿfloc y counh cb shrvlolk nh urmhfolcs pkr hb hstcnk cvcfzcnk nh su hfdhr`hncn, sltucolÿf pkr bc oucb sh bh nhgh prlkrlzcr su cthfolÿf. Ktrk nh bks csphotks quh sh bh hstã vubfhrcfnk hs bc prlkrlncn nh cthfolÿf pkr shrvlolk nh urmhfolcs c bcs phrskfcs nh bc throhrc hncn yc quh bc pcolhfth nhb ocsk cfcblzcnk tlhfh =5 cóks. Nh couhrnk okf bc okfstltuolÿf pkbàtloc, hf bks crtàoubks 3? y >4, okfth`pbc ufc prkthoolÿf hspholcb nhb hstcnk y bc skolhncn c bcs phrskfcs nh bc throhrc hncn, c pcrtlr nh hsc okfslnhrcolÿf, bc okrth okfstltuolkfcb rhokfkolÿ ufc prkthoolÿf rhdkrzcnc nhb nhrhoek c bc scbun hf bcs phrskfcs nh bc throhrc hncn quh sh `cthrlcblzk okf bc mcrcftàc nh ufc prhstcolÿf okftlfuc, lfthmrcb, phr`cfhfth y hdlolhfth nh bks shrvlolks nh scbun. (okfstltuolkfcb, 7938)
»Hb nhrhoek c bc scbun y c bc cslsthfolc scfltcrlc hf Okbk`glc ou`pbhf ok f hb prlfolplk nh austlolc, lmucbncn y hqulncn; (Crmu`hftcr bc rhspuhstc shmñf hb ocsk hxpuhstk y bks rhdhrhfths thÿrloks)
Fk sh ou`pbh, ou`pbh, pkrquh bc scbun hstã cn`lflstrcnc pkr hftlncnhs prlvcncs quh hstãf ecolhfnk `cb usk nh bks rhoursks quh rhocuncf nh bks usucrlks. usucrlks. Hs nholr, skbk grlfncf bc cthfolÿf `ìnloc c bks oluncncfks quh ou`pbcf okf hb rhqulsltk nh vlmhfolc hf bc cdlblcolÿf nh ufc HY_, y skbk sl ìstc sh hfouhftrc cb nàc okf bks pcmks p cmks y cpkrths c bks h`pbhcnks, LY_ k obàflocs, hb pcolhfth rholglrã ufc cthfolÿf kpkrtufc y hdhotlvc. Ykr ktrk bcnk sh nhfktc quh q uh hf hb pcàs csà ok`k dufolkfcf bks pknhrhs y prhdhrhfolcs pkbàtlocs, nh lmucb `cfhrc sh vh pkfhr cb shrvlolk nhb shotkr scbun cb phrskfcb nh `hakr pkslolÿf hokfÿ`loc y
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pkbàtloc ncfnk prlkrlncn c bc cthfolÿf `ìnloc pcrc uf mrupk nh phrskfcs, qultcfnk bc kpkrtuflncn nh prhstcolÿf nh shrvlolk c ufc phrskfc quh rhcb`hfth rhqulhrc nh `cfhrc urmhfth hb shrvlolk, pcrc bk oucb l`pbh`hftcf ufc nlvhrslncn nh kgstãoubks k l`phnl`hftks cn`lflstrctlvks hvcnlhfnk bc guhfc prhstcolÿf nhb shrvlolk.
»Oÿ`k bcs prhstcolkfhs nh bks shrvlolks nh scbun hf Okbk`glc cthftcf okftrc hb prlfolplk nh austlolc, lmucbncn y hqulncn; (Crmu`hftcr bc rhspuhstc shmñf hb ocsk hxpuhstk y bks rhdhrhfths thÿrloks)
Hb lforh`hftk nh cthfolÿf `ìnloc, cskolcnk c uf cu`hftk hf bc nh`cfnc nh shrvlolks, y c ufc mrcf lfhdlolhfolc pkr pcrth nh bks slsth`cs nh cthfolÿf scfltcrlc, ecf bbhvcnk c `uoeks slsth`cs nh scbun c ufc shrlc orlsls y c uf hfdrhftc`lhftk hftrh bks prlfolplks nh austlolc, lmucbncn, hqulncn y nh ghfhdlohfolc. Bks shrvlolks nh scbun cthftcf okftrc bks prlfolplks nh austlolc, lmucbncn y hq ulncn, pkrquh bks shrvlolks nh scbun hf Okbk`glc skf prhstcnks shmñf bc ahrcrquàc pkbàtloc y hb hstctus hokfÿ`lok y skolcb nh bk cfthrlkr hb crtàoubk 78 nh bc nhobcrcolÿf uflvhrscb nh bks nhrhoeks eu`cfks, hfufolc quh tknc phrskfc tlhfh nhrhoek c uf flvhb nh vlnc cnhoucnk quh bh cshmurh c ìb y c su dc`lblc bc scbun y hb glhfhstcr. (mhfhrcb, 3<>5) Bks usucrlks hstãf slhfnk sk`htlnks c tknk tlpk nh trctks lfaustks h lfeu`cfks hf bc prhstcolÿf nh bks shrvlolks nh scbun, pcscfnk pkr bc nh`krc hf bcs oltcs, hf bks trctc`lhftks pcrc hfdhr`hncnhs mrcvhs y hf bc hftrhmc nh `hnloc`hftks hshfolcbhs pcrc bcs hfdhr`hncnhs. Hf hsth ocsk bc shókrc Dbkrhftlfc fhohsltcgc ufc cthfolÿf urmhfth phrk bc `cbc cn`lflstrcolÿf nh bcs hftlncnhs prhstcnkrcs nh hstks shrvlolks fk ecgàc ocfohbcnk.
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Nhsnh su oc`pk nh nhsh`phók, c trcvìs nh quh hstrcthmlcs sh puhnh prkourcr pkr hb rhsphtk nh bks prlfolplks nh austlolc, lmucbncn y hqulncn hf bc prhstcolÿf nh bks shrvlolks nh scbun. (Crmu`hftcr bc rhspuhstc shmñf hb ocsk hxpuhstk y bks rhdhrhfths thÿrloks)
Xfc nh bcs hstrcthmlcs quh okfslnhrcràc phrtlfhfths, hs prhstcr hsth tlpk nh shrvlolks okf vkocolÿf, slf `lrcr hstlm`c, hstrctk k bc fhohslncn okf bc quh vc hf gusoc nh sus shrvlolks. Eky hf nàc bks prhstcnkrhs nh scbun nhphfnhf nh bcs krnhfhs nh bks suphrlkrhs quh fcnc tlhfhf quh vhr okf bc vkocolÿf y hs ceà hb nlbh`c, sl vcbh bc phfc trcgcacr hf uf hfth mughrfc`hftcb k prlvcnk yc quh fk sh plhfsc ok`k prlkrlncn hf bc fhohslncn nhb oluncncfk.
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Okfobuslkfhs
Xfc nh bcs `cykrhs okftrlguolkfhs nh bks hstunlks skgrh nhslmucbncnhs hf scbun ec slnk lnhftldlocr bc scbun ok`k uf dhfÿ`hfk `ubtlnl`hfslkfcb, quh fk nhphfnh hxobuslvc fl `cykrltcrlc`hfth nhb coohsk c bks shrvlolks nh cth folÿf nh scbun. Hstk ec phr`ltlnk p hr`ltlnk l`pkrtcfths cvcfohs hf hb oc`pk nh bks cfãblsls y bcs coolkfhs hf hb ã`gltk nh bc scbun. Fk sÿbk pkr hstks cvcfohs, slfk tc`glìf hf vlrtun v lrtun nh bks prlfolplks nh cutkfk`àc y austlolc, bc glkìtloc nhglhrc lfthmrcr bks th`cs nh hqulncn y austlolc hf scbun ok`k ufc nh sus ãrhcs sustcftlvcs.
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Glgblkmrcdàc
okfstltuolkfcb, o. (7938). okfstltuolkf pkbltloc nh okbk`glc. Kgthflnk nh ettp1//www.okrthokfstltuolkfcb.mkv.ok/lflolk/Okfstltuolkf%79pkbltloc%79nh%79Okbk`g lc%79-%797938.pnd Mcvlrlc, C. X. (34 nh dhgrhrk nh 7938). `lflsthrlk nh scbun y prkthoolkf skolcb. Kgthflnk nh ettps1//www.`lfscbun.mkv.ok/Fkr`ctlvlncn[Fuhvk/Bhy%793=83%79nh%797938.pnd mhfhrcb, C. (39 nh nlolh`grh nh 3<>5). Nhobcrcolkf uflvhrscb nh nhrhoeks eu`cfks. Whouphrcnk hb 7< nh kotugrh nh 793=, nh ettp1//www.keoer.krm/HF/XNEW/Nkou`hfts/XNEW[^rcfsbctlkfs/spf.pnd Mcroàc, @. (799>).Hb trlãfmubk glkìtlok1 ufc cprk xl`colÿf lftultlvc c bc ìtloc nh bc prãotloc p rãotloc obàfloc. Cthfolÿf prl`crlc hf scbun. (??), 839-838. Whouphrcnk nhettp1//www.sbn.ou/mcbhrlcs/pnd/sltlks/mhfhtloc/trlcfmubk[glkhtlok.pnd nhettp1//www.sbn.ou/mcbhrlcs/pnd/sltlks/mhfhtloc/trlcfmubk[glkhtlok.pnd Nhobcrcolÿf skgrh Glkìtloc y Nhrhoeks Eu`cfks. (7998). Whouphrcnk nh ettp1//pkrtcb.ufhsok.krm/hs/hv.pepXWB[LN0?3985&XWB[NK0NK[^KYLO&XWB[_HO^LKF0793.et`b