PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MOTHERBOARD
The computer Motherboard or shortl MOBO !s o"e o# the most !mporta"t part o# the Perso"al co mputer $PC%&It !s a hard'are o# the computer !"stalled !"s!de the sstem u"!t$CPU%&Th!s MOBO hard'are act as the ma!" board or the ce"tral or core assembl o# the computer sstem u"!t& I" other 'ords !"s!de o# the CPU case there are a lot o# other hard'are(s co""ected to the MOBO) "amel : Hard Disk Drive (HDD), CD/DVD ROM, USB Card reader, FDD Drive, processor, RAM, LAN card, ire!ess LAN card, USB e"pa#sio# $oard, V%A Card, a#d &'e oer S*pp!+ U#i& (SU)&These are all tpes o# hard'are(s !"s!de the sstem u"!t o# the Perso"al Computer& Co mputer& Computer motherboard des!*"ed to ta+e ad,a"ta*e o# the most dema"d appl!cat!o" o# a pro*ram& -ust l!+e the mo,!e *ames as h!*h !""o,at!,e appl!cat!o"s o# computer pro*ramm!"*& As the #orm #actor o# motherboard as a ser!es o# ,ers!o"s o# the MOBO #rom AT) AT.) BT.) /P.) a"d N/P.& Compat!ble 'ords be!"* broadcast) that(s 'h !t !s the MOBO '!ll s "chro"!0e the speed o# processor) RAM) a"d 1!deo 1! deo Card $12A%& U"l!+e o"l !# the MOBO !s bu!lt3!" throu*h the I"put4output ports& So) let5s tal+ about the Motherboard parts a"d #u"ct!o" to e"able ou to #am!l!ar!0e the parts a"d #u"ct!o"& Th!s !s the most pract!cal approach o# the tech"!c!a"& $See the p!cture abo,e%& 6& /O por&s- Th!s !s located !" the rear pa"el o# the CPU) th!s use to co""ect the outs!de hard'are or per!pherals o# the computer& computer& 7
S/. por&s- These are used to co""ect the mouse $*ree" color% a"d the +eboard $purple color%
DB . 0e1a!e co##ec&or (pri#&er por&)-Th!s !s use to co""ect the !mpact pr!"ter) o"e o# that the 7 DOT MATRI. pr!"ter) e8& the Epso" /. 9:: ;
DB 2 1a!e co##ec&or (Seria! or co13 por&)-Th!s use to co""ect a ser!al de,!ce o# the computer) 7 such as the ser!al mouse a"d e8ter"al mode m& V%A por& ($*i!&-i#)- Th!s !s use to !"ter#ace the DB cord o# the mo"!tor scree" or to co""ect the 7 mo"!tor scree" o# the computer& The #astest ,!deo card ,ers!o"s are based o" the sta"dard o# the 12A slots) e8< the A2P a"d PCI5e card& USB .45 6 . por&s- These are the ports o# the USB de,!ces o# the computer& Attached e8ter"all o# 7 the sstem u"!t) o"e o# that are the USB #lash dr!,es& As o# "o' the ,ers!o"s or speed o# the USB are the 6&: a"d =&: compat!ble& LAN por&- Th!s called as /ocal Area Net'or+ o# the computer& Th!s !s use to co""ect the "umbers 7 o# "ode or 'or+stat!o"s $PC% to #orm a local area "et'or+ o# the computer '!th !" the!r area& Us!"* tpe o# commu"!cat!o" med!a such as the "et'or+ s'!tch a"d router& A*dio or&- Th!s !s use to co""ect the spea+er) m!+e) a"d MIDI $Mus!cal I"strume"t D!*!tal 7 I"ter#ace% de,!ce o# the computer&
=& A78 oer co##ec&or(9 pi#)- Th!s !s use to co""ect the > p!" o# the po'er suppl u"!t$PSU% &Th!s !s separate o# the =: or => p!" o# AT. po'er suppl to pro,!de DC ,olta*e o# computer processor& 9& rocessors ;F Socke&- Part o# MOBO use to hold the processor or CPU ch!p $?ero I"sert!o" Force%&The compat!b!l!t o# the soc+et depe"ds o# the computer processor tpe& Such as the AM= soc+et o# the AMD a"d the soc+et @@ o# the I"tel compa"& >& Me1or+ s!o& (DMM) - Th!s !s called as Dual I"l!"e Memor Module) th!s !s the slot o# computer memor or 'hat 'e called RAM& The memor slot depe"ds o# the tpe o# the memor& Such as the PC 699 SDRAM a"d PC >:: SDRAM3DDR 6& & A78 oer co##ec&or (.9 or .< pi#% 3 A *roup o# co""ector o# the MOBO& Th!s !s separate o# the > p!" po'er ass!*"me"ts& It pro,!des a DC po'er output to the sstem board $SB% #rom the output o# the Po'er Suppl U"!t& & Na1e o0 &'e Ve#dor3 th!s !s the ma"u#acturer "ame& Th!s !s !mporta"t to +"o' the ma"u#acturer or ,e"dor& So ou ca" do'"load throu*h the !"ter"et s!te the dr!,er so#t'are o# the MOBO& @& CMOS/BOS BA77=R>- I" th!s part) the CMOS4BIOS batter !s hold) so that !t ca" pro,!de 9 ,olts d!rect curre"t4,olta*e to the CMOS IC& To preser,e the BIOS sett!"*s o# the computer& Such as the t!me module) hard'are !"#ormat!o" a"d sett!"*s4parameter) etc& 7
CMOS3Compleme"tar Metal O8!de Sem!co"ductor
BOS - Bas!c I"put4output sstem& Is a set o# a pro*ram stored !" CMOS IC) use to preser,e the 7 BIOS co"#!*urat!o" o# the computer
7
CMOS BA77=R> AR7 NUMB=R- l!th!um dr cell CR =:9= 9 ,olts&
& D= co##ec&or (#&er?ra&ed Drive =!ec&ro#ics)- Th!s co""ector !s use to co""ect the IDE cable o# the HDD$Hard D!s+ Dr!,e% or CD4D1D ROM to the Mother Board IDE&
& Fro#& pa#e! co##ec&ors(F-a#e!)- Th!s !s use to co""ect the Po'er /ED)HDD /ED) Po'er S'!tch) a"d Reset s'!tch o# the computer sstem u"!t$CPU%& 6:& SA7A co##ec&or-Th!s !s Ser!al Ad,a"ce Tech"olo* Attachme"t& The "e' sta"dard o# the IDE co""ect!o" arra o# the computer HDD $SATA HDD% to the motherboard sstem& 66& CMOS/BOS @*1per- Th!s !s use to d!sable the BIOS de#ault setup& Such as to d!sabled the super,!sor pass'ord o# the BIOS& 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Ho' to d!sable pass'ord be#ore the BIOS setup Tur" o## CPU Cha"*e umper to clear Remo,e the CMOS batter Re!"sert the BIOS batter Cha"*e umper to "ormal Po'er up computer Press delG or F=G to e"ter BIOS setup&
6=& USB co##ec&or ('eader) - Th!s !s use to co""ect the USB port o# the #ro"t pa"el USB =&: 8 = port& 69& FDD co##ec&or- The co""ector o# the FDD cable throu*h the sstem board& Normall there are 9> p!"s out o# !t to co""ect the 9&G 6&>>mb Flopp D!s+ Dr!,e& 6>& C s!o&s- a part o# the computer motherboard use to co""ect the I4O cards o# the computer& Such as /AN card) IFI card) USB e8pa"s!o" card) a"d sou"d card& 6& Mo&'er$oard Versio# #*1$er- here ou ca" *et the ,ers!o" o# the motherboard dr!,er so#t'are& So that ou ca" do'"load !t e8actl to the ma"u#acturer 'ebs!te& 6& CMOS/BOS C- Th!s !s the tpe o# BIOS IC be!"* use b the computer MOBO&A set o# a pro*ram be!"* !"stalled !" th!s IC to preser,ed the BIOS co"#!*urat!o" sett!"*s o# the computer& Such as the speed o# the CPU ch!p a"d RAM) etc& 6@& AMR s!o&- Th!s !s the AUDIO Modem R!ser& Be!"* use to demodulate a"d modulate the a"alo* aud!o o# the computer& 6& C e"press s!o&- A part o# the computer that hold the computer ,!deo card $12A%) the PCI5e card& The latest a"d the #astest card be!"* !"stalled a"d most compat!ble '!th 9d a"d >* *am!"* o# the computer& The old ,!deo card tpe !s the A2P or Accelerated 2raph!c Ports a"d the sta"dard o# the PCI5e& 6& Nor&' Brid?e C- Is a pass!o" "ame as be!"* "orth o# the PCI buses or the PCI slots o# the MOBO& The true "ame o# the "orth br!d*e !s MCI or Memor Co"troller Hub& Ass!*"ed to ma"a*e a"d co"trol the computer memor be#ore the process!"* o# the CPU ch!p&
=:& So*&' Brid?e C- Is a pass!o" "ame as be!"* south o# the PCI buses or PCI slots& The true "ame o# the south br!d*e !s I4O Co"troller HUB $ICH%& It !s a tpe o# m!croch!p tas+ to co"trol all the I"put a"d output de,!ces o# the computer& Such as the +eboard a"d mouse& A"d the mo"!tor scree" o# the computer that commo"l #ou"d at the rear bac+ o# the CPU or sstem u"!t&
