PEDIATRIC SURGERY ---------------------------------------------
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PEDIATRIC SURGERY SEVENTH EDITION
EDITOR IN CHIEF
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
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Arnold G. Coran, MD
N. Scott Adzick, MD
Emeritus Professor of Surgery Section of Pediatric Surgery University of Michigan Medical School and C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital Ann Arbor, Michigan Professor of Surgery Division of Pediatric Surgery New York University Medical School New York, New York
Surgeon-in-Chief The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia C. Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric Surgery University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Thomas M. Krummel, MD Emile Holman Professor and Chair Department of Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Susan B. Ford Surgeon-in-Chief Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, California
Jean-Martin Laberge, MD Professor of Surgery McGill University Attending Pediatric Surgeon Montreal Children’s Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Robert C. Shamberger, MD Chief of Surgery Children’s Hospital Boston Robert E. Gross Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
Anthony A. Caldamone, MD Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics Brown University School of Medicine Chief of Pediatric Urology Hasbro Children’s Hospital Providence, Rhode Island
---------------------------------------------------------------------------EMERITUS EDITORS -----------------------------------------------
Jay L. Grosfeld, MD
James A. O’Neill, Jr., MD
Eric W. Fonkalsrud, MD
Lafayette Page Professor of Pediatric Surgery and Chair, Emeritus Section of Pediatric Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Surgeon-in-Chief, Emeritus Pediatric Surgery Riley Children’s Hospital Indianapolis, Indiana
J. C. Foshee Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Emeritus Section of Surgical Sciences Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee
Emeritus Professor of Surgery and Chief of Pediatric Surgery University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103–2899 PEDIATRIC SURGERY
ISBN: 978-0-323-07255-7 Volume Volume 1 9996085473 Volume Volume 2 9996085538
Copyright # 2012, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of thi s publication may be reproduced or transmitted i n any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions . This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pediatric surgery. —7th ed. / editor in chief, Arnold G. Coran ; associate editors, N. Scott Adzick . . . [et al.]. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-07255-7 (2 vol. set : hardcover : alk. paper) I. Coran, Arnold G., 1938- II. Adzick, N. Scott. [DNLM: [DNLM: 1. Surgical Surgical Procedures Procedures,, Operative. Operative. 2. Child. 3. Infant. Infant. WO 925] 617.9’8—dc23 2011045740
Editor: Judith Editor: Judith Fletcher Developmental Editor : Lisa Barnes Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager : Claire Kramer Designer: Ellen Designer: Ellen Zanolle
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About the Editors
ARNOLD ARNOLD G. CORAN CORAN,, MD, is
Emeritus Professor of Surgery at the C. S. Mott Mott Childre Children’ n’s Hospit Hospital al and and the the Unive Univers rsit ityy of Michi Michi-gan Medical School. He was the Chief Chief of Pediatr Pediatric ic Surger Surgeryy and the Surgeon-in-Chief at the C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital and Professor of Pediatric Surgery at the Universi University ty of Michiga Michigan n Medical Medical School from 1974 to 2006. He is also current currently ly Profess Professor or of Surgery Surgery in the Division of Pediatric Surgery at New York University School of Medicine. He was one Pediatric Surgery of the editors of the fifth and sixth editions of Pediatric and is the current Editor in Chief of this seventh edition. His expertise in pediatric surgery centers on complex esophageal and colorectal diseases in infants and children. He is the past President of the American Pediatric Surgical Association and the past Chairman of the Surgical Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. He has been married to Susan Coran for 50 years and has three children and nine grandchildren.
N. SCOTT SCOTT ADZICK, ADZICK, MD, has
served served as the Surgeon Surgeon-in-in-Chie Chief f and and Dire Direct ctorof orof The The Cent Center er for for FeFetal Diagnos Diagnosis is and Treatment reatment at The The Chil Childr dren en’’s Hosp Hospit ital al of Philad Philadelp elphia hia since since 199 1995. 5. He is the C. Evere Everett tt Koop Koop Profe Profess ssor or of Pediatric Pediatric Surgery Surgery at at the Univer Univer-sity sity of Penns Pennsylv ylvani aniaa Schoo Schooll of Medicine. Dr. Adzick was raised in St. Louis, received his undergradu graduate ate and and medica medicall degr degrees ees from Harvard, and has a Master of MedicalManagement degree degree from Carnegie Carnegie Mellon Mellon University University. He was a surgic surgical al reside resident nt at the Massach Massachuse usetts tts General General Hospit Hospital al and a pediatric surgery fellow at Boston Children’ Children’s Hospital. His pediatric pediatric surgical expertise is centered centered on neonatal general and thoracic surgery, with a particular focus on clinical applications of fetal diagnosis and therapy. He has received grant support
from the National Institutes of Health for more than 20 years and has authored more than 550 publications. He was elected to the Institute Institute of Medicine Medicine of the National Academy of Science in 1998. Scott and Sandy Adzick have one son.
ANTHONY ANTHONY A. CALDAMO CALDAMONE, NE, MD, gradu graduat ated ed from from Brow Brown n
University and Brown School of Medicine. He was the first graduate of the medical school to becom come full full professor ssor at the the institution. He did his residency at the Univ Univers ersit ityy of Roche Rocheste sterr and compl complete eted d his his fello fellows wship hip under under Dr. Dr. John John W. Ducke Duckett tt at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. He is currently Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics and Program Director for the Urology Residency at Brown Unive Univers rsity ity Schoo Schooll of Medici Medicine ne and Chief Chief of Pediat Pediatric ric Urolo Urology gy at Hasbro Children’s Hospital in Providence. Providence. Dr. Dr. Caldamone Caldamone has served as President President of the New Englan England d Section of the American Urological Association (AUA). He has also served as Secretary-Treasurer and President of the Society for Pediatric Urology. He has been on several committees of the AUA including the Socio-Econo Socio-Economic mic Committee, Committee, Publications Committee, and Nominating Committee. He is currently Executi Executive ve Secretar Secretaryy of the Pediatr Pediatric ic Urolo Urology gy Adviso Advisory ry Council Council.. Locally he has served as President of the Rhode Island Urological Society, as President of the Brown Medical Alumni Association, as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Komedyplast Foundation, and as a member of the Board of Regents of La Salle Academy. Dr. Dr. Caldam Caldamone one has been been on several several medical medical missio missions ns to the Middle East, South America, and Bangladesh and has been on the Board of Directors of Physicians for Peace. Pediatric He was one of the editors of the sixth edition of Pediatric Surgery. He is currently an Editor for the Journal of Pediatric Urology and is Editor in Chief of the Dialogues in Pediatric Urology. Dr. Caldamone is married to Barbara Caldamone and has two children, Amy and Matthew.
v
THOMAS M. KRUMMEL, MD,
is the Emile Emile Holman Holman Profes Professor sor and Chair of the Department of Surger Surgeryy at Stanfo Stanford rd Univers University ity and the Susan B. Ford Surgeonin-Chief at Lucile Packard Children’ dren’s Hospita Hospital. l. Dr. Dr. Krummel Krummel has served served in leaders leadership hip posipositions in the American College of Surgeons, the American Pediatric Surgical Association, the American can Surg Surgica icall Asso Associ ciati ation on,, the the American Board of Surgery, Surgery, and the American Board of Pediatric Surgery. He has mentored more than 150 students, residents, and postdoctoral scholars. He and his wife, Susie, have three children.
JEAN-MAR JEAN-MARTIN TIN LABERGE, LABERGE, MD,
is Professor of Surgery at McGill Univ Univers ersity ity and surg surgeon eon at the Montreal Children’s Hospital of the the McGi McGill ll Univ Univer ersi sity ty Heal Health th Centr Centre. e. He was the Direc Directo torr of Pediatric Surgery at the Montreal Childre Children’ n’s Hospital Hospital from from 1996 to 200 2008 8 and Prog Program ram Direc Director tor from 1994 to 2008. He is editorial consultant for the Journal of Pediatric Pediatric Surgery Surgery and Pediatric Surgery Surgery Internatio International nal and and was was Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. He guest editor of two issues of Seminars has contributed chapters to several textbooks, including previSurgery, Holcomb ous ous editio editions ns of Pediatric Surgery, Holcomb and Murphy’ Murphy’s
Ashcraft’ Ashcraft’ss Pediatric Pediatric Surgery Surgery, Taussig and Landau’s Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, and Paediatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Text for Africa. Africa. His research has focused on the effects of fetal tracheal occlusion to promote lung growth. His clinical interests include fetal diagnosis and treatment, congenital lung lesions, and and anor anorec ecta tall malf malfor orma mati tion ons. s. He was was Pres Presid iden entt of the the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society and is the immed immediat iatee past past Presi Preside dent nt of the Canadi Canadian an Asso Associa ciatio tion n of Paediatri Paediatricc Surgeon Surgeonss (2009–20 (2009–2011). 11). He has been married married to Louise Caouette-Laberge, a pediatric plastic surgeon, for 34 years and has four children and three grandchildren.
ROBER ROBERT T C. SHAMBE SHAMBERGE RGER, R, MD, is the Robert E. Gross Pro-
fess fessor or of Surg Surger eryy at Harv Harvar ard d Medica Medicall Schoo Schooll and is Chief Chief of Surgery at Children’s Hospital in Boston. Dr. Shamberger’s expertise in pediatric surgery centers on oncology, inflammatory bowel disease, and chest wall deformities. He was was Chai Chairr of the the Surg Surgic ical al Committee for the Pediatric Oncology Group and Children’s Oncology Group, as well as a member of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study Group. He is the current current Presiden Presidentt of the American American Pediatri Pediatricc Surgic Surgical al Association and Chairman of the Section on Surgery of the American Academy of Pediatrics. He has been married to Kathy Shamberger for 39 years and has three children and one grandchild.
