A List of epithets from the Greek Magical Papyri that are not recorded in the LSJ and LSJ Supplements By ELENI PACHOUMI, Thessaloniki
In this paper I enclose a list of epithets which seem to be unique to the Greek Magical Papyri.1 Particularly, it is a list of epithets in the PGM2 that are not recorded at all in the LSJ and LSJ Supplements.3 Most of these epithets that occur only in the PGM are included in the hymns.4 They are mainly used to describe and define the multiple characteristics of the gods. The richness of the magicians’ religious thinking is suitably accompanied by rich linguistic inventiveness, above all in the invention of epithets for the various gods.
__________ 1 I would like to thank David Jordan for his friendship and his kind advices. 2 Papyri Graecae Magicae, hereafter PGM; Preisendanz, K. and Henrichs, A. (ed.) (1973–1974) Papyri Graecae Magicae Die Griechischen Zauberpapyri. Vols. I–II. Stuttgart: Teubner. The dates of the papyri cited in this paper are: PGM I (iv/v AD), II (iv AD), III (iv AD), IV (iv AD), VII (iii/iv AD). 3 Liddell, H. G., Scott, R. and Jones, H. S. (eds.), hereafter LSJ, (1996) Greek-English Lexicon with a revised Supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4 Preisendanz has identified twenty six hymns in his second volume, 237–264. Of these I include epithets from Hymn 5: “To Helios and to the gods of all” (PGM III.198–229), Hymn 11: “To Apollo and to ApolloHelios” (PGM II.81–101, 133–140, 163–6), Hymn 12: “To Apollo and Daphne” (PGM III.234–258), Hymn 17: “To Hekate-Selene-Artemis” (PGM IV.2242–2417), Hymn 18: “To Hekate-Selene-Artemis” (PGM IV.2785– 2870), Hymn 20: “To Hekate-Selene-Artemis” (PGM IV.2522–2567) and Hymn 21: “To Hekate-Selene-Artemis” (PGM IV.2714–2783). Most are written in dactylic hexameter, twenty one out twenty six hymns; but, hymns 6, 17 and 25 are in iambic trimeter, hymn 8 in iambic pentameter and hymn 19 in iambic tetrameter acatalectic; therefore, most of these epithets are metrically useful; Preisendanz (1974) vol.II, 237–264.
Glotta 87, 155–158, ISSN 0017–1298 © Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen 2011
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PGM epithets that are not recorded in the LSJ and LSJ Supplements ἁβρονόη, ἡ: gracious-minded; PGM IV.2547: ἁβρονόη5; in pap. and Hymn 20: ἀπρονόη;6 ἀπρονόη, ἡ: improvident αἰωναῖος, ὁ: eternal; PGM I.200: αἰωναῖε7 ἀκρίη, ἡ: extreme; PGM IV.2277: ἀκρίη; in pap. ἀρκηϊ and in Hymn 17: ἀρκίη8 (ἀρκέω) ἀμερείη, ἡ: indivisible; PGM IV.3231–2: ἀμερείην9 ἀρηγός, ὁ, ἡ: helper; PGM ΙV.2281 (and Hymn 17): ἀρηγέ10 ἀστρο[δ]ία, ἡ: star-coursing; PGM IV.2559: ἀστρο[δ]ία; in pap. and Hymn 20: +αστροχια+; ἀστροχία, ἡ: she who has stars Ἀυδναία, ἡ: infernal; PGM IV.2725 (and Hymn 21): Ἀυδναία; Reitzenstein emends it to Ἀϊδωναία, ἡ;11 also in PGM IV.2855: ἀϊδωναία βαριδοῦχος, -ον: the one who has a boat; PGM IV.2274 (and Hymn 17): βαριδοῦχε γιγάεσσα, ἡ: giant; PGM IV.2714 (and Hymn 21): γιγάεσσα Δαμναμενεύς, ὁ: he who subdues by force; PGM II.165–6 (and Hymn 11): Δαμναμενεύς12 Δαμνομένεια, ἡ: she who subdues by force; PGM IV.2850–1: Δαμνομένεια (pap.); in Hymn 18: Δαμνομένη13 __________ 5 Recorded in: Jordan, D. (2008) “Lexical notes, largely from magical texts”, 270–5; in: “Licht und Wärme” in Memory of A. F. Christidis (eds.) (2008) Centre for the Greek Language. Thessaloniki. 6 Preis. (1973) vol.I, 152, (1974) vol.II, 258. “ἀπρόνοος” was recorded in DGE IIΙ (Diccionario Griego Espaňol; Barcelona, 1959). 7 PGM I.195–222: Protective spell. 8 Preis. (1973) vol.I, 142, (1974) vol.II, 251. 9 PGM IV.3209–54: “Aphrodite’s saucer divination”. “ἀμέρειος” was recorded in DGE II. 10 “ἀρηγός” was recorded in DGE III; also recorded in Jordan (2008). 11 Preis. (1973) vol.I, 159; also Betz (1986) 89; Betz, H. D. (ed.) (1986) The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 12 Recorded in DGE V. 13 Recorded in DGE V, “fuerza dominadora”.
A List of epithets from the Greek Magical Papyri that are not recorded in the LSJ and LSJ Supplements
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δείχτειρα, ἡ: the one who shows forth, exhibitor; PGM IV.2274 (and Hymn 17): δείχτειρα Δωδωνίη, ἡ: of Dodona; PGM IV.2275 (and Hymn 17): Δωδωνίη14 εἰδωλίη, ἡ: ghostly; PGM IV.2272: εἰδωλίη; in pap. and Hymn 17: εἰδωνη εὐπατόρεια, ἡ: she who is of a noble sire; PGM IV.2717 (and Hymn 21): εὐπατόρεια εὐρύστοχος, -ον: wide- aimed; PGM ΙV.2281–2 (and Hymn 17): εὐρύστοχε;15 in pap. εὐροστουχε ἠροδία, ἡ: walking through the air; PGM VII.882: ἠροδία (pap.)16 θοηρυσηρις, ὁ: with muddy wrinkles;17 PGM IV.2185: θοηρυσηρις18 καπετόκτυπος, -ον: the one who makes the graves to resound; PGM IV.2867 (and Hymn 18): καπετόκτυπε; in pap. κοπετκατα<καμ>ψυψαύχενος, -ον: bending down necks that show off; PGM IV.2718–9 (and Hymn 21): κατα<καμ> ψυψαύχενε; in pap. καταψυκαυχενα Κλωθαίη, ἡ: of Klotho; PGM ΙV.2280 (and Hymn 17): Κλωθαίη λοφαίη ἡ: the one with a crest; PGM IV.2267 (and Hymn 17): λοφαίη μηνοτύραννος, ὁ: ruler of the month; PGM IV.2664 pap. (and Hymn 19): μηνοτύραννε; Preis. emends it to: μόνη τύραννε19 μιτρίη, ἡ: with a headband; PGM IV.2274–5 (and Hymn 17): μιτρίη __________ 14 “Δωδώνιος” was recorded in DGE VI; in LSJ we find: Δωδωναῖος, -α, -ον, Δωδωνίς -ίδος, ἡ, and Δωδωνεύς -έως, ὁ. 15 Recorded in Jordan (2008). 16 Also recorded in Pachoumi, E. (2011) “Divine Epiphanies of Paredroi in the Greek Magical Papyri”, GRBS 51, 155–165, esp. 160. 17 Preisendanz also suggests from Θόηρις - Ὄσιρις; Preis. (1973) vol.I, 139. 18 PGM IV.2145–2240: “Tristych of Homer as assistant”. 19 Preis. (1973) vol.I, 156–7.
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ὁλκῖτις, ἡ: the one who draws (swords); PGM IV.2267 (and Hymn 17): ὁλκῖτι (φασγάνων) ὀμβρολίγματος, ὁ: crying like a shrill storm of rain; PGM IV.2185: ὀμβρολίγματε20 οὐροδρόμος, -ον: running with fair wind; PGM III.255 (and Hymn 12) οὐροδρόμε; Dillon and O’Neil read and translate οὐρ<αν>οδρόμε, “heavens’s runner”; also Preis. as “Himmelsläufer”21 πανγαίη, ἡ: holding the whole earth; PGM IV.2279: πανγαίη; in Hymn 17: παγγαίη,22 cf. Hsch. παγαίη πανθυποτακτ<ικ>ός, ὁ: most subordinate; PGM ΙV.1370: πανθυποτακτ<ικ>ούς23 πανφόρβα, ἡ: the one who eats everything; PGM IV.2749 (and Hymn 21): πανφόρβα πα[ν]υπάτα, ἡ: most high; PGM VII.700: πα[ν]υπάτα24 προμηθική, ἡ: forethinking; PGM IV.2267: προμηθική; (in LSJ the adverb: προμηθικῶς: shrewdly, warily); in pap. and Hymn 17: προθμηεισδαυγή25 πυρεσίθυμος, ὁ: fiery at heart / in spirit; PGM III.209: πυρεσ[ίθυμε]; in Hymn 5: πυρòς [ἀτμόν τετραπροσωπεινή, ἡ: with four faces; PGM IV.2560 (and Hymn 20): τετραπροσωπεινή φθισίκηρος, ὁ: destroying death; PGM IV.2852 (and Hymn 18): φθισίκηρε26; in pap. ηφθισικηρε φώσφω[ρ, ὁ: bringing light; PGM III.255 (and Hymn 12) φώσφω[ρ; from φωσφόρε27 (φωσφόρος, -ον28); in pap. φώσφω[ρ __________ 20
PGM IV.2145–2240: “Tristych of Homer as assistant”. Betz (1986) 25, n. 60; and Preis. (1973) vol.I, 43. 22 Recorded in Jordan (2008). 23 PGM IV.1331–89: “Power of the Bear constellation that accomplishes everything”; also recorded in Jordan (2008). 24 PGM VII.686–702: “Bear Charm”. 25 Preis. (1973) vol.I, 142, (1974) vol.II, 251. 26 Merkelbach also translates φθισίκηρε as, “Vernichter des Todesloses”; Merkelbach, R. (1982) “ΦΘΙΣΙΚΗΡΕ”, ZPE 47, 172. 27 Also Betz (1986) 25; and Preis. (1973) vol.I, 43. 28 Also in PGM IV 3047–8, 3069, V 175, 210 and LXXVIII 12. 21
