Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32 Bernabe vs. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180 Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010 B. Repeal/Amendment FC 254, 255
V.
MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES A. The concept concept of “marriage”
FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149 Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution Obergefell Et Al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department Of Health, Et Al. Supreme Court Of The United States, Nos. 14 – 556, 556, 14-562, 14-571 and 14 – 574 574 (http://www.s http://www.supremecourt.gov/ upremecourt.gov/opinions/14pd opinions/14pdf/14f/14556_3204.pdf )
B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law
FC 1 cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa), 1989 Rules on Evidence, NCC 220 Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14 Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252 Sermonia v Republic, 233 SCRA 155 Perido v Perido, 63 SCRA 97 Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007 People v De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010 De Santis v Intestate Estate Jalandoni, December 1, 2010 Tambuyat v. Tambuyat, G.R. No. 202805, March 23, 2015 2015 Calimag v Heirs of Macapaz, GR No. 191936, June 1, 2016
C. Agreements during and prior to marriage 1. Stipulations in marriage FC 1 cf. NCC 221, FC 75 Espinosa v Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011
2. Breach of promise to marry NCC 19 - 21; NCC 1403 (2) (c); MC 22 Hermosisima v. CA 109 Phil 629 Wassmer v. Velez 12 SCRA 648 Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994 Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115 Abanag v Mabute, AM P-11-2922, April 4, 2011
D. Requisites for a valid marriage Mariategui v. CA 205 SCRA 337 1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance FC 2-3; FC 4; FC 5; FC 35, 36, 37, 38; FC 45 cf. NCC 53 RPC 350; Rep. Act No. 1065 De Mijares vs Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1 2. Essential requisites (a) Legal Capacity (i) Gender, FC 2 (1) cf. FC 148 Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007 (ii). Age
FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21 NCC 54 & 80 (1) RPC 344 cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991) (iii) Absence of impediment, FC 5, 35 Garcia vs. Recio, 365 SCRA 437 Te vs. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000 (346 SCRA 327) Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011 Avenido v Avenido, G.R. No. 173540, Jan 22 2014
(iv). Parental consent FC 14; FC 15; FC 45 (1) (v) Consent freely given by both spouses (a). Mistake as to identity, FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1) (b). Effect of insanity, FC 45 (2) (c). Effect of fraud, FC 45 (3); FC 46, NCC 1338 – 1344 Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970 (d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335 – 1337 Villanueva vs CA, 505 SCRA 564 (e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence, FC 45 (5)
Jimenez v. Cañizares 109 Phil 27 Alcazar v Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13, 2009 (f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC 45 (6); 46 (3)
5. Formal Requisites (a) Marriage license Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257 Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000 Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007 De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008 Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013 Villarica v Villarica G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015 Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016 ,
1. Where to apply, FC 9 - 10 2. Requirements for issuance a. application, FC 11 b. proof of capacity, FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84 cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991) DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991) Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010 c. parental advice, FC 15 d. marriage counseling, FC 16 e. publication, FC 17 f. investigation of impediments, FC 18 g. payment of fees, FC 19 h. family planning certificate, P.D. 965
3. Place where valid, FC 20 4. Period of validity, FC 20 De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13, 2008 5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25 Republic v CA, G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994 Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007 Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013 Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016
6. Marriages exempt from license requirement FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76, P.D. 1083 Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
Republic vs Dayot, March 28, 2008
(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer 1. Who are authorized FC 7, 10, 31 & 32 NCC 56, 74, 76 R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code), Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)(xviii) Beso v Daguman, 323 SCRA 566 (2000) 2. How authorized FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96 Villar v. Paraiso 96 Phil 659
OCA vs. Tormis, A.C. No. 9920, August 30, 2016 3. Effect of absence of authority FC 4; FC 35 (2) RPC 352 cf. Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360 Ronulo vs People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014
4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23-24 5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4 (c) Marriage Ceremony 1. Form of ceremony, FC 3 (3); FC 6 cf. FC 33, FC 8 Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731 COMPARE TO: Morigo v People, G.R. No. 145226. February 06, 2004
2. Place for ceremony, FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33
3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC 6; FC 22, 23 Madridejo v. De Leon 55 Phil 1 People v. Borromeo 133 SCRA 106
E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad 1. General rule in contracts (a) As to form, NCC 17 (1) and (2) (b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17 (3) 2. Special rule in marriage
(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC 26; FC 21, FC 10 Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786 Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005 Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
(b) Exceptions FC 26 in relation to FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5) and (6), 36, 37 & 38 cf. NCC 71 DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)
F. Common-law marriages/ ‘live-in’ relationships FC 147, cf. RPC 350 FC 148 (“adulterous”) Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa) – (cc), 1989 Rules on Evidence cf. NCC 220 FC 26 par. 1 NCC Book II, Title III (484-501) Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135 Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489 Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140 May 17, 1990 Estrada v Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003 G. Void Marriages General rule, FC 4 1. Kinds of void marriages (a) Absence of formal requisites FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809
Alcantara v Alcantara, GR NO. 1677446, Aug. 18, 2007 So v Valera, GR 150677, June 5, 2009 De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13, 2008 Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008 Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013 Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016 (b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages, Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986) FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44, RPC 344, 349 Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6 Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572 Cariño vs. Cariño 351 SCRA 127 Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000 Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000 Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327 Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004 (read concurring of Justice Vitug and dissent of Justice Carpio) Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376 Teves v People, GR 188775, August 24, 2011 Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011 Montanez vs Cipriano, GR 181089, October 22, 2012 See: Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013 Capili v People, GR 183805, July 3, 2013 Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013 People v Odtuhan, GR 191566, July 17, 2013 Lasanas vs People, GR 159031, June 23, 2014 SSS v Azote, G.R. No. 209741, April 15, 2015 Santiago vs. Phils, G.R. No. 200233, JULY 15, 2015 (c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391. Jones v. Hortiguela 64 Phil 179 Republic vs. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993 Bienvenido vs. CA, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994 SSS vs Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006 Republic v Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, Dec. 10, 2013 Republic v Hon. Estrada, G.R. No. 214792, March 18, 2015 Republic v Villanueva, G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015 Republic vs. Sareñogon, G.R. No. 199194, Feb. 10, 2016 Republic v Tampus, GR 214243, March 16, 2016
Procedure Republic v Granada, GR No. 187512, June 13, 2012 (d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44. Other effects of bad faith: 43, 40, 45, 81, 86 (e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36
FC 36, 39, 68-71 R.A. 8533 Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20 Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997 Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997 Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76, December 08, 1999 Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000 Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425 RP vs. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20, 2004 Antonio vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10,2005 Republic vs. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February 6, 2007
Almelor vs RTC-Las Pinas, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008 Te vs Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009 Azcueta vs RP, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009 Halili v Halili, GR 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for Recon) Najera v Najera, GR 164817, July 3, 2009 Camacho-Reyes v Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, August 18, 2010 Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011 Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, January 14, 2015 Vinas v Vinas, G. R. No. 208790, January 21, 2015 Mallilin v Jamesolamin, G.R. No. 192718, 18 Feb. 2015 Republic vs. Romero, February 24, 2016 Castillo vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 189607, Apr. 18, 2016 Castillo v Republic, G.R. No. 214064. Feb. 6, 2017 Del Rosario vs. Del Rosario, GR 222541, Feb 15, 2017 De la Fuente v De la Fuente, G.R. No. 188400, March 8, 2017 (f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967 (g) Marriages against public policy FC 38, compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6) RPC 246 NCC 80(7), 82 NCC 963-967
(h) Non-compliance under FC 35 (2), 53, 52. 102, 129 Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003 NOTE: FC 147 and 148 2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40 Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003 Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000 Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614, September 28, 2007 Carlos s. Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008 Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010
3. When to file action for declaration of nullity FC 39 in relation to FC 255, 256 FC 42, par. 2
4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity a. Requisite for valid remarriage, see VII (E)(10)(b) above b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48 Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285 Ancheta vs Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725 Republic v CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012 Yuk Ling Ong vs CA, G.R. No. 206653, 25 Feb. 2015
c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035 d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003 Jocson v. Robles 22 SCRA 521 Tolentino v. Villanueva 56 SCRA 1 e. Participation of the OSG Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012 f. No Motion to Dismiss Aurelio v Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011 5. Other Matters
Chan v Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July, 14, 2013 6. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity - Art. 49, 198 7. Effects of res judicata Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336 8. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity (a) In general, FC 50-54, but see FC 147-148; 198, 213 Villarica v Villarica, G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015 (b) On remarriage, FC 40, 41 (c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses, FC Arts. 68-72 (d) On the property regime of the marriage, FC 147-148 Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996 Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011 Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20, 2014 (e) On ‘legitimes’ of the common children FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel. to NCC 886, 888; FC 176 NCC 908, 1061 Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003 COMPARE TO: FC 147 Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011 (f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213, 164, 165, NCC 369
Mendez vs. Shari’a District Court, G.R. No. 201614,
January 12, 2016 (g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369, FC 176 Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995 B. M. NO. 1625 -JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA Remo v DFA, March 2010 (h) On hereditary rights of the former spouses, FC 43 (5), 50 (i) Effect of death, Art. 103, 130 Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011 Domingo vs. Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20, 2016 Uy v Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5, 2017
