Osha Bocket Book - Construction

OSHA 3252-05N 3252-05N 2005

WORKER WORK ER SAFE SAFETY TY SER SERIES IES

Construction Nearly Nearly 6.5 millio n people w ork at approximately 252,000 construction sites across the nation on any giv en day. day. The fatal fatal injury rate for the construction construction in dustry is higher than th e national average average in thi s category category fo r all industries. Potential hazards for workers in construction include: • • • • •

Falls (from heights); heig hts); Trench coll apse; Scaffold Scaffold collapse; Electric lectr ic sho shock ck and arc flash/arc blast; Failure ailur e to use prop er personal prot ective equipment; and • Repetitiv epetitiv e mo tion injuries.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Departm Departm ent of Labor Labor

www.osha.gov

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Hazards & Solutions For construction, the 10 OSHA standards most frequently included in the agency’ agenc y’s s citat citat ions in FY FY 2 0 04 w ere: 1 . Scaf caffol foldi ding ng 2 . Fall protection protection (scope, (scope, applica application, tion, definitions) 3 . Exca xcavations vations (gener (general al requirements) requirements) 4 . Lad adde ders rs 5 . He Head ad pr protec otection tion 6 . Exca xcavations vations (r (requi equirements rements for protective systems) 7 . Haz Hazard ard communi communicatio cation n 8 . Fall protection protection (training (training requi requirerements) 9 . Cons Construction truction (gener (general al sa safet fet y and and health provisions) 10. El Electrical ectrical (wiring met hods, design and protection)

Occupational Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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WORKER WORKE R SAFE SAFETY TY SER SERIES IES

Scaffolding Hazard: When scaffolds are not erected or used properly, pro perly, fall h azards azards can occur. About Abo ut 2.3 2.3 mill ion construction w orkers frequently frequently work on scaffolds. Protecting these workers from scaffold-re scaffold-related lated accidents accidents w ould prevent an estimated 4,500 injuries injur ies and 50 fataliti fataliti es each year. Solutions:

• Scaffold caffold must be sound, rigid and suffic sufficient ient to carry carry its own w eight plus four tim es the maximum intended intended load w ithout settling settling or displacement. It must be erected on solid footing. • Unstable objects, objects, suc such h as barrels, barrels, boxes, boxes, loose bricks or concrete blocks must not be used to support scaffolds or planks. • Scaffold Scaffold must not be erec erected, ted, moved, dismantled o r altered except except u nder the supervision of a com com petent person. person. • Scaffold caffold must be equipped equipped with guardrails, guardrails, mi drails and toeboards. toeboards. • Scaffold Scaffold access accessori ories es such such as braces, braces, brackbrackets, trusses, trusses, screw screw l egs or ladders l adders that are damaged or weakened weakened from any cause cause mu st be imm ediately ediately repaired or replaced. replaced. • Scaffold caffold platforms platforms must be tightly planke planked d wi th scaffold scaffold plank grade material or equivalent. • A “ competen ompetentt pers person” on” m ust ust insp inspec ectt the the scaffolding and, at designated intervals, reinspect it. • Rigging on suspension suspension sca scaffolds ffolds must must be inspected inspected by a competent person before each each shift shi ft and after any occurrence that could affect affect structural integrity to ensure that all connections are are tight and that no

Occupational Occupational Safety and Health A dministration dministration

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damage to th e riggin g h as occurre occurred d since its last use. u se. • Synthetic and natural natural rope used used in suspensuspension scaffolding scaffolding m ust be protected protected fro m heat-producing sources. • Employees must be instruc instructed ted about about the hazards hazards of usin g di agonal br aces aces as fall protection. • Scaffold Scaffold can can be acce access ssed ed by using ladders and stairwells. • Scaffolds Scaffolds must be at at least least 10 10 feet feet from electric electric pow er lines at all ti mes.


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Fall Protection Hazard: Each year, falls consistently account for the greatest greatest num ber of fatalities in the construction construction industry. A num ber of factors are often involved in falls, including u nstable nstable working surfaces, misuse or failure to use fall protection equipm ent and human error. Studies have have shown that using guardrails, fall fall arrest systems, safety nets, covers and restraint systems can prevent many deaths and injuries from falls. Solutions:

• Consider using using aerial aerial lifts or elevate elevated d platform s to provide safer safer elevated elevated w orking surfaces; • Erect rect guardrail systems systems wi th toeboards and warning lines or install install control l ine systems systems to pro tect tect w orkers near near the edges edges of floor s and roofs; • Cover over floor holes; holes; and/or and/or • Use safety safety net net systems systems or personal personal fall fall arrest arrest systems (bod y harnesses). harnesses).


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Ladders Hazard: Ladders and stairways are another source of in juries and fatalities amon amon g construction workers. OSHA estimates that there are 24,882 24,882 injuries injur ies and as m any as 36 fatalities per year due to falls on stairways and ladders used used in construction. construction. Nearly half of th ese ese injuri es were serious serious enough to r equire time off the job. Solutions:

• Use the correc correctt ladder for the task task.. • Have Have a competent person person visually inspect inspect a ladder before b efore use for any defects such such as: s

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Structural damage, split/bent side rails, broken or missing rungs/steps/cleats and missing or damaged safety devices; Grease, dirt or other contaminants that could cause slips or falls; Paint or o r stickers (except (except warn ing labels) that could hide possible defects.

• Make sure sure that that ladders ladders are long enough to safely safely r each each th e wo rk area. • Mark or tag tag (“ Do Not Not Use Use” ) damage damaged d or defective ladders for repair or replacement, or destroy them imm ediately. ediately. • Never Never load ladders ladders beyond the maximum intended load or beyond the manufacturer’s manufacturer’s rated capacity. • Be sure the load load rating can can support the weight of the user, user, including materials and and tools. • Avoid using ladders ladders with metallic metallic compocomponents near electrical work and overhead pow er lines. lines.


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Stairways Hazard: Slips, trips and falls on stairways are a major source of injuries and fatalities among construction w orkers. Solutions:

• Stairway Stairway treads treads and and w alkways alkways must be free free of dangerous objects, debris and materials. • Slippery Slippery conditions on stairways stairways and and walkways m ust be corrected corrected im mediately. • Make sure sure that treads treads cover cover the entire entire step step and landing. • Stairways Stairways having four or more risers risers or rising more than 30 inches must have at least one handrail.


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Trenching Hazard: Trench collapses cause dozens of fatalities and hundreds of injuries each year. Trenching deaths rose in 2003. Solutions:

• Never Never enter enter an unprotected unprotected trenc trench. h. • Alw ays use a protective protective system system for trenches trenches 5 feet deep or g reater. reater. • Emp loy a registered registered professional professional engineer engineer to design a protective system for trenches 20 feet deep or g reater. reater. • Protective rotective Syst Systems: ems: s

Sloping to protect workers by cutting back back the trench trench w all at an angle in clined away from the excavation excavation no t steeper steeper than a 1 height/depth ratio of 12 :1, according to the sloping requirem ents for the type of soil. soil.

slopes for excavations SLOPING. Maximu m allowable slopes less than 20 ft. (6.0 (6.09 9 m) based on soil ty pe and angle to the horizontal are as follows: TABLE V:2-1. ALLOWABL ALLOWABLE E SLOPES SLOPES Soil typ type

Height/De t/Depth ratio tio

Vert ical Stable Rock (granite or sandstone) 3 Type A 4 :1 (clay) Type B 1:1 (gravel, silt) 1 12 :1 Type C (sand) 1 Type A (short-term) 2 :1

Slope angle

90º 53º 45º 34º 63º

(For (For a maxim um excavation excavation depth of 12 ft.) Source: OSHA Technical Manual, Section V, V, Chap. Chap. 2, Excavation Excavation s: Hazard Hazard Recogni Recogni tio n in Trenching and Shori ng (Jan. 1999). 1999).


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WORKER WORKE R SAFE SAFETY TY SER SERIES IES s

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Shoring to prot ect ect wo rkers by installing supports to prevent prevent soil m ovement for trenches that do n ot exceed 20 feet in depth. Shielding to pro tect tect w orkers by using trench trench boxes or ot her types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins.

• Alw ays provide a way to exit a trench-trench--suc such h as a ladder, stairway or ramp--no more than 25 feet of lateral travel for employees in the trench. • Keep Keep spoils spoils at least least two feet bac back from the edge of a trench. • Make sure sure that trenches trenches are inspec inspected ted by a competent person prior to entry and after any hazard-increasing hazard-increasing event such as a rainstorm, vibrations or excessive surcharge loads.


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Cranes Hazard: Significant and serious injuries m ay occur if cranes are not in spected spected before befor e use and if they are not used properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck by an overhead load or caught within the crane’s swing radius. Many crane fatalities occur wh en the boom of a crane crane or its load line contact contact an overhead pow er line. Solutions:

• Check heck all all crane controls to insure proper operation before use. • Inspec Inspectt wir e rope, rope, chains chains and hook for any any damage. • Know the weight of the load that that the crane crane is to lift. • Ensure that that the load does not exceed exceed the crane’s rated capacity. • Raise aise the load a few inches to verify balance and the effectiveness of the br ake system. • Check heck all all rigging prior to use; do not w rap hoist ropes or chains around around the load. • Fully exte extend nd outriggers. outriggers. • Do not move a load over over workers. workers. • Barrica Barricade de acce access ssible ible areas areas within the crane’s crane’s swin g radius. radi us. • Watc Watch h for overhead overhead electric electrical al distributi distributi on and transmission lin es and and m aintain a safe w orking clearance clearance of at least 10 10 feet from energized energized electrical lin es.


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Haz Ha zard Com omm m unica unicatt ion ailur e to recognize the hazards hazards Hazard: Failure associated associated w ith chemi cals can can cause chem chemical ical burns, respiratory respiratory problem s, fires and and explo sions. Solutions:

• Maintain a Material Material Safety Safety Data Data Sheet Sheet (MSDS) for each each chemical in the facilit y. • Make this this information acce access ssible ible to employees ees at all tim es in a language or form ats that are clearly understood by all affected personnel. • Train employees employees on how to read read and use use the M SDS. SDS. • Follow manufacture manufacturer’s r’s MSDS MSDS instruct instructions ions for handling hazardous chemicals. • Train employ ees ees about about th e risks risks of eac each hazardous hazardous chemical bein g used. • Provide spill cleanclean-up up kits in area areas s where chemicals hem icals are stored. • Have Have a written spill spill control plan. • Train employees to clean clean up spills, protect themselves and properly dispose of used materials. • Provide proper proper personal personal protective protective equipment and enforce its use. • Store chemicals chemicals safe safely ly and securely. securely.


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Forklifts ately 100 employ ees ees are Hazard: Approxim ately fatally fatally injured and approxim ately ately 95,000 95,000 employees are are injured every year w hile operating po wered i ndustrial tr ucks ucks.. Forklift Forklift tur nover accounts accounts for a significant num ber of these fatalities. Solutions:

• Train and certify certify all operators operators to ensure ensure that they operate forklifts safely. • Do not allow allow any employee under 18 18 years years old to operate a forklift. • Properly maintain maintain haulage haulage equipment, including ti res. res. • Do not modify or m ake ake atta attac chments that that affect the capacity and safe operation of the forklift forklift without written approval approval from the forklift’s manufacturer. • Examine forklift truck truck for defects defects before using. • Follow safe safe operating operating procedures procedures for pickpicking up, m oving, putting d ow n and stac stacking loads.


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• Drive safe safely-ly--never never exce exceed ed 5 mph and slow slow down in congested or slippery surface areas. • Prohibit stunt driving driving and horseplay horseplay.. • Do not handle loads that are are heavie heavierr than the capacity of the industrial truck. • Remove unsafe unsafe or defective defective forklift trucks trucks from service. service. • Operators Operators shall shall always wear sea seatbelts. tbelts. • Avoid traveling traveling with elevate elevated d loads. loads. • Assure Assure that that rollover protective protective structure structure is in place. • Make certa certain in that the reverse reverse signal signal alarm is operational and audibl e above the surroundi ng noise level. level.

Head Protection Hazard: Serious head injuries can result from blow s to the head. head. Solution: • Be sure that workers workers wear wear hard hats where there is a potential for o bjects falling fr om above, bum ps to their heads from fi xed objects, or accidental head contact with electrical hazards.


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Safety Checklists The following checklists may help you take steps to avoid hazards that cause injuries, illnesses and fatalities. As always, be cautious and seek help if you are concerned about a potential hazard.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Eye and Face Protection Safety glasse g lasses s or face shields are w orn ❏ Safety anytime w ork operations can cause cause foreign objects getting into the eye such as during welding, cutting, grinding, nailing (or when w orking w ith concrete and/or harmful chemicals or w hen exposed exposed to flying particles). and face protectors are selected ❏ Eye based on anti cipated hazards. hazards. Safety glasse g lasses s or face shields are w orn ❏ Safety when exposed to any electrical hazards including work on energized electrical systems.

Foot Protection onstruction w orkers should should wear wo rk ❏ Cshoes or boots w ith slip-resis slip-resistant tant and puncture-resistant soles. Safety-toed toed footw ear ear is w orn to prevent ❏ Safetycrushed crushed toes wh en working aroun d heavy heavy equipm ent or falling objects. objects.

Hand Protection Gloves should fi t snugly. ❏ Gloves

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Workers wear the right gloves for the job ❏ Workers (for example, heavy-duty heavy-duty rubb er gloves for concrete wo rk, welding gl oves for welding, insulated gloves and sleeves w hen exposed to electrical hazards). hazards).

Head Protection shall wear hard hats where there ❏ Workers is a potential for objects falling falling from above, bum ps to their heads from fi xed objects obj ects,, or of accidental h ead contact with electrical hazards. hats are routinely inspected for ❏ Hard dents, cracks cracks or deterior ation. ation . hats are replaced after a heavy blo w ❏ Hard or electrical shock. shock. Hard hats are maintained maintained in good condition. ❏ Hard

Scaffolding Scaffolds should should be set set on sound foot ing. ❏ Scaffolds parts that affect the strength of ❏ Damaged the scaffold scaffold are taken taken out ou t of service. Scaffolds are not altered. ❏ Scaffolds scaffolds should be fully planked. planked. ❏ All scaffolds are not moved horizontally ❏ Scaffolds wh ile w orkers are are on them unless they are designed designed to be mo bile and w orkers have been been trained i n the pro per procedures. mp loyees are not permitted to w ork on ❏ Escaffolds when covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials. materials. Scaffolds are are not erected erected or mov ed wi thin ❏ Scaffolds 10 feet of power lines. mp loyees are not permitted to w ork on ❏ Escaffolds scaffolds in bad weather weather or hig h w inds Occupational Occupational Safety and Health A dministration dministration

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unless a competent person has determi ned that it is safe to do so. boxes, barrels, buckets buckets or other o ther ❏ Ladders, makeshift makeshift pl atforms are not used used to raise work height. material is not allowed to bu ild up ❏ Eonxtra scaffold scaffold p latforms. Scaffolds should should not be loaded w ith ❏ Scaffolds mo re weight than they w ere designed designed to support.

Electrical Safety on new and existing energized ❏ Work (hot) electrica electricall circuits is proh ibited u ntil all pow er is shut shut off and grou nds are attached. effectiv effectiv e Lockout/T Lockout/Tagout agout system is i s in ❏ An place. damaged or worn electrical cords ❏ Frayed, or cables are promptly replaced. extension cords have grounding ❏ All prongs. flexible cords and cables from ❏ Protect damage. Sharp corners and projections should be avoided. extension cord sets used with ❏ Use portable electric tools and appliances that are the three-wire type and designed for hard or extra-hard service. service. (Look for some of the following letters imprinted on the casing: S, ST, SO, STO.) electrica electricall too ls and equipm ent are ❏ All maintained in safe condition and checked regularly for defects and taken out of service if a defect is found. not bypass any protective system or ❏ Do device designed to protect employees from contact contact w ith electrical electrical energy. energy.


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electrical power lines are locat❏ Overhead ed and identified. that l adders, scaffolds, scaffolds, equip ment ❏ Eornsure m aterials aterials never never com e wit hin 10 feet feet of electrica electricall pow er lin es. es. electrical electrical tools m ust be properly ❏ All ground ed unless they are of the double insulated type. are prohibited. ❏ Mu ltiple plug adapters are

Floor and Wa Wallll Openings Openings loor loo r opening op enings s (12 (12 inches or m ore) are ❏ Fguarded b y a secured secured cover, a guardrail or equivalent on all sides (except at entrances to stairw ays). are install ed around the edges ❏ Tofoeboards permanent floor openings (where perpersons may pass below the opening).

Elevated Surfaces are posted, when appropriate, ❏ Signs showi ng t he elevated elevated surface load capacity. elevated mo re than 48 inches inches ❏ Surfaces above the floor or g round have standard standard guardrails. elevated surfaces surfaces (beneath (beneath w hich peo❏ All ple or m achinery achinery could be exposed exposed to falling objects) have standard 4-inch toeboards. m eans eans of entry and exit ❏ Awipermanent th handrails is provided to elevated elevated storage and work surfaces. aterial is pil ed, stac stacked or racked racked in a ❏M way that prevents prevents it from ti pping , falling falling , collapsing, collapsing, rolli ng or spreading. spreading.


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Hazard Communication li st of hazardo hazardous us substances substances used in ❏ Athelist w orkplace orkplace is maintained and readily available at the worksite. is a written hazard communication ❏ There program addressing Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), labeling and employee training. ach ach container of a hazardous hazardous substance ❏ E(vats, bottles, storage tanks) is labeled wi th prod uct identity and a hazard hazard warning(s) (communicating the specific health hazards and physical hazards). aterial Safety Data Sheets Sheets are readily ❏M available at all times for each hazardous substance used. is an effective employee training ❏ There program for hazardous substances.

Crane Safety ranes and d erricks erricks are restricted f rom ❏ Coperating within 10 feet of any electrical power line. upper rotating structure supporting ❏ The the boom and materials being being handled is provided with an electrical ground while wo rking near energized energized transmitter tow ers. ated load lo ad capacities, operating speed ❏ Rand instructions are posted and visible to the operator. equipped pped w ith a load chart. ❏ Cranes are equi operator understands and uses the ❏ The load chart. operator can determine the angle ❏ The and length of t he crane crane boom at all times.


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rane machinery machinery and other rig ging ❏ Cequipm ent is inspected inspected daily prio r to u se to m ake ake sure sure that it is in good conditi on. Accessible areas w ithin ith in the crane’s crane’s swin g ❏ Accessible radius are barricaded. ag lin es are are used to pr event dangero us ❏ Tswing o r spin of m aterials aterials when raised raised or lowered by a crane or derrick. of hand signals to crane and ❏ Illustrations derrick operators are posted on the job site. signal person uses correct correct signals for ❏ The the crane crane operator operator to fo llow . outriggers are extended when ❏ Crane required. platforms and walkways have anti❏ Crane skid surfaces. Broken, worn or damaged wi re rope is ❏ Broken, removed from service. service. hand holds and steps are pro❏ Guardrails, vided vid ed for fo r safe and easy access access to and from all areas of the crane. testing reports/certifications are ❏ Load available. crane mast bolts are properly ❏ Tower torqued to the manufacturer’s specifications. limits are tested and correctly ❏ Overload set. maximum acce acceptable ptable load and the ❏ The last test results are posted on th e crane. and annual inspections inspections of all hoist❏ Initial ing and rigging equipment are performed and reports are m aintained. properly trained and qualified oper❏ Only ators are are allow allow ed to work w ith hoisting and rigging equipment.


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Forklifts truck operators are competent to ❏ Forklift operate these vehicles safely safely as demondem onstrated by their successful completion of training and evaluation. em ployee under 18 years years old is ❏ No allowed to operate a forklift. are inspected daily for proper ❏ Forklifts condit ion of brakes, horn s, steering, forks and tires. industrial trucks (forklifts) meet ❏ Powered the design design and construction construction requirements established established in American National Standards Institut e (ANSI) (ANSI) for Pow ered Indust Ind ustri rial al Trucks ru cks,, Part Part II ANSI B56.1-1969. B56.1-1969. approval from the truck manufac❏ Written turer is obtained for any modif ication ication or additions which affect capacity and safe operation of the vehicle. vehicle. operation and maintenance ❏ Capacity, instruction plates, tags or decals are changed to indicate any any m odifications or additions to the vehicle. vehicle. charging is conducted in areas ❏ Battery specifically designated for that purpose. handling equipment is provided ❏ Material for handli ng batteries, batteries, including conveyors, overhead overhead h oists or equivalent devices. batteries are properly posi❏ Reinstalled tioned and secured in the truck. is proh ibited in battery battery charging charging ❏ Smoking areas. recautions are taken to prevent open ❏ Pflam es, sparks or electric arcs in battery charging hargi ng areas. areas. training is provided and an ❏ Refresher evaluation evaluation is conducted whenever a fork-


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lift o perator has been been ob served served operating the vehicle in an unsafe manner and wh en an operator is ass assigned igned to d rive a different type of truck. Load and fo rks are are fully low ered, ered, controls ❏ Load neutralized, power shut off and brakes set wh en a pow ered ered ind ustrial truck is left unattended. There is sufficient sufficient h eadroom eadroom for t he fork❏ There lift and operator under overhead overhead i nstallanstallations, tio ns, light s, pipes, sprinkler system s, etc. etc. guards are in place to protect ❏ Overhead the operator against against fallin g o bjects. bjects.

❏ Trucks are operated at a safe speed. loads are kept stable, safely safely arranged ❏ All and fit w ithin t he rated rated capacity capacity of the truck. and defectiv e trucks are remov ed ❏ Unsafe from service. service.


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Construction Safety & Health Resources M os ostt res resource ource materials can be found on the OSHA website: www.osha.gov

Publications Publications can be downloaded or ordered at: http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.list A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry OSHA Publication 3150 (Revised 2002), 2.1 MB PDF, 73 pag p ages. es. Booklet Booklet in question-and-a question-and-answer nswer form at high- lights inf orm ation about scaffold scaffold safety. safety. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3150.pdf Concrete Concrete and M asonry Construction Construction OSHA Publication 3106 (Revised 1998), 414 KB PDF, 32 pag p ages. es. Details info rm ation on OSHA’s OSHA’s Concrete and Masonry standard. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3106.pdf Crystalline Silica Exposure Card for Construction OSHA Publication 3177 (Revised 2002), 2 pages. Discusses silica hazards, and what employers and employees can do to protect against expo- sures to silica. A Spanish versio n is also available. OSHA Publication 3179 (Revised 2003), 2 pages. Excavations OSHA Publication 2226 (Revised 2002), 533 KB PDF, 44 pag p ages. es. A detailed explanation of all aspects of excavation and t renching. renching. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2226.pdf Fall Protection in Construction OSHA Publi cation catio n 3146 3146 (Revised (Revised 1998), 998), 177 KB PDF, 43 pag p ages. es. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3146.pdf


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Ground-Fault Protection on Construction Sites OSHA Publi cation 3007 (Revised (Revised 1998), 1998), 100 100 KB PDF, 31 pag p ages. es. Booklet Booklet on ground-fault circuit int errupters for safe use of portable tools. http://ww w.osha.gov/Publ w.osha.gov/Publications/osha3007 ications/osha3007.pdf Lead in Construction OSHA Publi cation 3142 3142 (Revised (Revised 2003), 610 610 KB PDF, 38 pag p ages. es. Describes Describes hazards hazards and safe wo rk pr actices con- con- cerning lead. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3142.pdf OSHA Assistance for the Residential Construction Industry Many OSHA standards apply to residential construction for t he prevention prevention of possible fatalities. fatalities. This web page provides inform ation about those standards and the hazards present in residential construction. It was developed developed in cooperation eration w ith th e National Association Association of Home Build ers (NAHB) as as part of the OSHA-NAHB Alliance. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/residential/index.html Selected Construction Regulations (SCOR) for the Home Building Industry (29 CFR CFR 1926) OSHA Publi Pub li cation cati on (Revi (Revised sed 1997), 1.2 1.2 MB M B PDF, 224 pages. Provides inform ation on safe and and healthful w ork practices practices for residential residential construction employers; identifies OSHA standards applicable to hazards found at wo rksites rksites in the residential construc- construc- tion industry. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/scor1926.pdf Stairways and Ladders OSHA Publi cation 3124 (R (Revised 2003), 155 155 KB PDF, 15 pag p ages. es. Explains OSHA requirements for stairways and ladders. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3124.pdf


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Working Safely in Trenches OSHA Publication 3243 (2005), 2 pages. Provides safety tips for workers in trenches. A Spanish version is on the reverse side. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/trench/trench_ safety_tips_card.pdf

Crane Safety Safety and Health Topics: opics: Crane, Crane, Derric Derrick k and Hoist Safety -- Hazards and Possible Solutions December 2003. One page. OSHA website index provides references to aid in identifying crane, derrick and hoist hazards in the workplace. http://ww w.osha.gov/SLTC w.osha.gov/SLTC/cra /cranehoistsafety/rec nehoistsafety/rec ognition.html

Electrical Hazards Control of Hazardous Energy (Lock (Lockout out// Tagout) agout ) OSHA Publi cation catio n 3120 (Revised (Revised 2002), 174 174 KB PDF, 45 pag p ages. es. This boo klet presents OSHA’s OSHA’s general general requ ire- ments for controlling hazardous hazardous energy energy during service or maintenance of machines or equipment. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3120.pdf Controlling Electrical Hazards OSHA Pub Publilicatio cation n 3075 (Revised (Revised 2002), 349 349 KB PDF, 71 pag p ages. es. This publication provid es an an overview of basic electrical safety on the job. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3075.pdf Safety and Health Topics Topics:: Lockout Lockout / Tagout OSHA OSHA website index to in form ation about lo ck- out /tagout, including hazard hazard recognition, recognition, compli ance, standards standards and directi ves, Review Review Commission and Administrative Law Judge Decisions Decisions,, standard interpretations and compli - ance letters, compliance assistance and training. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/controlhazardous energy/index.html


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Hazard Communication Hazard Communication: Foundation of Workplace Chemical Safety Programs OSHA website index for resources on hazard communication. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardcommunications/index.html Frequently Asked Questions for Hazard Communication OSHA, 6 pages. Website questions and answers on hazard communication. http://ww http://ww w.osha.gov/html/faq-ha w.osha.gov/html/faq-haz zcom.html Hazard Communication Standard OSHA Fact Sheet No. 93-26 (1993), 3 pages. Highl igh ts pro tection s under OSHA OSHA’s Haz Hazard ard Com mu nication standard. standard. http://ww http://ww w.osha.gov/pls/ w.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp. oshaweb/owadisp.show show _docum ent?p_table=FACT_ ent?p_table=FACT_SHE SHEE ETS&p _id=151 Hazard Communication Guidelines for Compliance OSHA Publ i cati on 311 3111 (2000), (200 0), 112 112 KB PDF, 33 pages. This document aids employers in und erstand- erstand- ing the Hazard Hazard Comm unication standard and in implementing a hazard communication program. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3111.pdf Chemical Hazard Communication OSHA Publi Pub li cation cati on 3084 (1998), (1998), 248 KB PDF, 31 pages. This booklet answers several basic questions about chemical hazard hazard comm unication. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3084.pdf NIOSH Pocket ocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Handy Handy source of general general i ndustrial hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/class- es for w orkers, orkers, emplo yers and occupational occupational health professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.html


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Material Handling Materials Handling and Storage OSHA Publication 2236 (Revised 2002), 559 KB PDF, 40 pag p ages. es. A comprehensive guide to hazards and safe wo rk practices practices in handling m aterials. aterials. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2236.pdf

Personal Prot Protect ective ive Equipment Equipment Personal Protective Equipment OSHA Publi Pub licati cation on 3155 (2003), 305 KB PDF PDF, 44 pages. Discus Discusse ses s equipm equipm ent m ost comm only u sed sed for protection fo r th e head, head, including eyes eyes and face and the torso, arms, hands, and and feet. The use use of equipment to p rotect against against lif e-threate e-threatening ning hazards is also discussed. http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3155/ osha3155.html Safety and Healt H ealth h Topics: Personal Protective Equipment OSHA website index to hazard recognition, control and training related related to personal protective equipment. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/personal protectiveequipment/index.html

Toxic M et eta als: Cadm dmium ium Safety and Health Topics: opics: Cadmium OSHA OSHA website index to recogniti recogniti on, evaluation, evaluation, control, compl iance and training related related to Cadmium. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/index.html

Electronic Construction Resources OSHA eTools eTools and Expert Advisors can be found on OSHA’s website: http://www.osha.gov

eTools Construction: Construction: Preventing Preventing Fatalities. atalit ies. Construction can be a safe occupation when workers are aware of the hazards, hazards, and an effectiv e safety safety


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and health health progr am is used. used. This eT eTool w ill help wo rkers identify and control the hazards hazards that comm only cause cause the most serious construction construction injuries. A Spanish translation of this eTool is also available. Scaffolding: Scaffolding: Supported Scaffolds and Suspended Suspended Scaffolds. These eTools provide illustrated examples of safe scaffoldi scaffolding ng use. u se. Haz Hazards ards are identiident ified as well as the controls that keep those hazards from becomi ng tragedies.

eTool Solutions for Electrical Contractors. This eTool describes describes com m on haz h azards ards that electrical contractors m ay encounter encounter and po ssible ssible solutions for these hazards. hazards. The eTool was developed in cooperation with the Independent Electrical Contractors or s (IEC) (IEC) as as part of the OSHA-IEC OSHA-IEC Alli Al liance. ance. 56,000 steel erector erectors s Steel Erection. Erection. Am erica's 56,000 suffer 35 fatal accidents per year, a rate of on e death per 1,600 wor kers. OSHA OSHA estim estim ates that 30 of tho se deaths deaths as well as nearly nearly 1,150 1,150 annuannual lost-workday injuries can be averted by compliance with provisions of the Steel Erection standard, standard, developed developed w ith in dustry and labor through n egotiated egotiated rulem aking. aking. To that end, this eTool eTool has been created created to educate emplo yers and w orkers. orkers.

OSHA’s Expert Advisors com puter program The Asbestos Advisor: This com provides an introduction to the scope scope and logic of the regulations for general industry, construction and maritime. Lead in Construction Advisor: This computer program provides an an introdu ction to the scope scope and logi c of the r egulations regarding regarding occupaoccupational exposure to lead lead and summ ary guidance to facilitate facilitate com pliance. pliance.


CONSTRUCTION

Construction Industry

Cooperative and State Programs

Voluntary Protection Programs OSHA OSHA recognizes recognizes Volu Voluntary ntary Protectio n Progr ams (VPP (VPP) worksites w orksites for their excellent safety and health health management systems.

OSHA OSHA Construction OSHA OSHA has annou nced an OSHA Constru Constru ction program to address the unique needs needs of the industry. The goal of this program is to make VPP more accessible to construction employers, espec especially ially sm all construction empl oyers and to maintain the high standards standards of VPP VPP w hile exexpanding participation to broad construction construction industry categories such as short-term projects, mobile workforces, general contractors and subcontractors. Pilot programs in these categories have shown beneficial results for participants.

OSHA OSHA Challenge OSHA OSHA has created the Challenge Challenge Pilot to prop rovide greater greater opportun ities to eligible emplo yers interested in working with OSHA to create safer and healthier workplaces. The pilot is designed to reach reach and guide emp loyers and com panies in all major ind ustry groups who are strongly strongly comm itted to imp roving their safety safety and health management system system s and interested interested in pursuing recogn ition iti on in VPP VPP. OSHA OSHA Challeng Challenge e provides participants participants a guide or roadm ap to


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im prove performance and ultim ately ately the opportunity to take part in the VPP Merit or Star programs.

Alliance Program Alliances enable enable organizations organizations comm itted to wo rkplace rkplace safety safety and health to collaborate with OSHA to prevent injuries and illnesses in the workplace. OSHA OSHA has a number of national and regional or area office alliances that impact the construction industries. ind ustries. The details details of these alliances can be found o n w ww .osha. .osha.gov gov under Alliances. Alliances.

OSHA Stra OSHA rattegic Partnership Program Partnerships are voluntary, cooperative relationships between OSHA OSHA and grou ps of em ployers, employees and employee representatives (som (som etimes including other stakeholders stakeholders and sometim es involving o nly one employer) that encourage, assist assist and recognize efforts efforts to eli m inate serious hazards hazards and achieve a high l evel of worker safety and health. National construction partnerships include AMEC Construction, Associated Build ers and Contractors (ABC) and and the Natio nal Ready-Mix Ready-Mix ed Concrete Concrete Association Association . In addition to the national partnerships, OSHA


CONSTRUCTION

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has had nearly 170 region al strategic partnerships with the construction construction indu stry since since the program prog ram’s ’s start start i n 1998. 1998.

State Programs Tw enty-six States and territ ories operate their ow n occupational safety safety and health programs under plans app roved by Federal OSHA. Tw entytwo of these programs cover both pri vate sec sector tor and publi c (State (State and and l ocal government) employees; four cover cover pu blic emp loyees only. States may have somewhat different requirements and procedures procedures for the construction industry, but they are required to be at least as effective as Federal OSHA. All State Plans offer a VPP program and have additional cooperative program prog rams s parallel to OSHA OSHA’s All iance and Strategic Partnership Partnership prog rams. ram s. A list of States States wi th approved plans may be found at www.osha.gov

Consultation Every state offers a free, on-site consultati on program to help small em ployers find and fix hazards hazards and establish effectiv effectiv e safety safety and health management syste system m s. Funded primarily by OSHA, consultation is provided at no cost to small emp loyers and is delivered by state authorities through professional professional safety safety and health health consultants. consultants. Mo re inform ation on OSHA OSHA’s Consult Consult ation Program rogr am appears on t he agency’s website at www.osha.gov


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Success Stories Partnership Reduced Injuries during Art Museum Renovation In 2002, OSHA OSHA and A M EC Constru Constru ction developed a partnership partnership to prevent injuries at the $425 $425 milli on rebuildi ng/renovation ng/renovation construction project for New York City’s City’s renowned M useum useum of M odern odern Art (MoMA). The partnership covered some 220 employees and 17 17 emp emp loyers who w orked to more than double MoMA’s space and expand facilities for special special exhibition s, public p rograms, educationeducational ou treach treach and schol scholarly arly research. research. AMEC employees completed more than 800,000 hours in 2003 2003 and racked racked up tw o im pressive pressive safety and health statistics: the number of Days Away Aw ay Restri Restri cted and an d Transferr ed (DART) (DART) percentage was 90 percent below the national average for their standard industrial classification (SIC) code and the Total Case Incident Rate (TCIR (TCIR))


CONSTRUCTION

was 92 percent below the national average for their SIC. Best Best practice pr actices s used includ ed daily safety inspection s conducted at the site and any hazards hazards identified were corrected immediately. Inspection results were discussed at safety committee m eetings. Eac Each h em ployee plo yee knew th at a safety safety issue issue would be dealt dealt with promptly w hen it came came to m anagement’s anagement’s attention. attention. Additio nally, an on-site incentive encouraged safe workplace practices. The right comb ination of best best safety safety m anageanagement practices, partnering between OSHA and AMEC Construction, and a DART percentage 90 percent below the national average are fitting achievements achievements for a new and better better hom e for the wo rld’s leading collection collection of mo dern and contemporary art.

Fatalities Prevented, Injuries M inor inor,, Workers Workers’’ Com omp p Costs Slashed Turner Const Const ructi ruction on and OSHA Team Teamed ed Up on Wisconsin Stadium Project Teamwork at the Green Bay Packers’ Lambeau Field is n ot ju st for p rofessional rofessional fo otball pl ayers. ayers. A p artnership artnership between Turner Construction Construction and OSHA made teamwork in achieving health and safety safety a top priori ty for construction w orkers buildi ng and expanding expanding the stadium. In 2003, the $295 million renovation of the Lamb Lamb eau eau Field stadium stadium was completed, mor e than doubli ng the size size of the previous stadium. Seating Seating capacity capacity was in creased creased fro m 60,890 60,890 to over 72,000.


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Partnering artnering w ith OSHA paid off. There were fewer serious serious injur ies for workers and a more than 20 percent percent cut in wo rkers’ compensation compensation costs for the contractor. The partnership had three goals: • All contractors have have an an effective effective safe safety ty and health program; • All hazards hazards correcte corrected d daily after after daily audits are conducted; and • Increa Increase se the level level of training training for supervisors and employees. The work was more hazardous than typical steel erectio erections ns because stadium s are curved curved and angular in shape. shape. Also, construction construction and demoli tion activiti activiti es were taking place simultaneously, simultaneously, often within a few feet of each other. Several potential serious accidents were avoided by requiring all contractors’ safety safety and health programs to establish establish a requirement of 100 percent fall protection at or above six feet. One worker on the project slipped off a steel beam located six stories above ground. Thanks to his use of ful l fall protection, serious serious injury -or p ossible death -- was avoided. He was back at at w ork shortl y after his rescue. Less Less than tw o mo nths later, later, a sec second ond w orker slipped from a beam, but also escaped injury because of his fall protection equipm ent. Like Like his cowor ker, ker, he returned to w ork the sam sam e day. day. An ironw orker and a carpenter also fell and w ere saved saved by their harnesses. harnesses.


CONSTRUCTION

A significant achievement included 4,300 workers comp leting OSHA’ OSHA’s s 10-hour 10-hour constru ction training. An added added benefit for the indu stry is that these employees are bringing their safety training to other sites wh ere they they are now w orking.


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Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Departm Departm ent of Labor Labor

www.osha.gov

Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace for their employees. OSHA’s role is to assure the safety and health of America’s workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; partnerships; and encouraging encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health. This informational booklet provides a general eral overview of a particular topic related to OSHA OSHA standards. standards. It does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities in OSHA standards or the Occupational Safety and Because interp retations retation s Health Act of 1970 . Because and enforcement policy may change over time, you should consult current OSHA admini strative strative in terpretations terpretations and d ecisions ecisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the Courts for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements. This publication publication is in th e public dom ain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. perm ission. Source credit is requested but not required. This information is available to sensory im paired indi viduals upon request. request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) num nu m ber: ber : (877) 889-5627.

Osha Bocket Book - Construction

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