OMT REVIEW 4th Edition: A comprehensive review in Osteopathic Medicine

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\ DG J 4 4 = 5 5 ; 8 8 7 1 2 2 44 44 4= 4= 48

E AD\[J] = E J]XBEDO U \B@J D @D[CIR @D[CIR MC@JU I ZUEOJU ZUEOJU O BGDIJ@[U F CB@[U ( VRGD\C\ARUJDO D@K F CB@[U OZUEAND ) CB@[U ( CB@[U CH O @ J]XJU IC[B C[BC@ C@ D@K IJEAD@BEU CEEB\B[C- D[OD@[DO (CD) FCB@[ (DD) F

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\ ]BID]R U JEC@KD]R D @D[CIR @D[CIR (] BMEDGJ BMEDGJ) [ R\BEDO R\BEDO XU . D[R\BEDO ]BMU [ ]ZJ , HDOUJ D@K HOCD[B@G ]BMU ]BMU ] BM BM IC[BC@ ] BM BM K RUHZ@E[BC@ B @ADOD[BC@ KRUHZ@E[BC@ J QADOD[BC@ KRUHZ@E[BC@ G ]CZ\ KRUHZ@E[BC@U EAD\[J] 5 ]JXBJ ]JXBJW W TZJU TZJU[BC@U [BC@U EAD\[J] 5 ]JXBJ ]JXBJW W TZJU TZJU[BC@ [BC@ JQ\O JQ\OD@D[B D@D[BC@U C@U

5: 5: 5: 58 58 51 51 52 ;4 ;:

E AD\[J] ; O ZIMD] U \B@J D @D[CIR @D[CIR B I\C][D@[ EOB@BEDO \CB@[U I ZUEOJU ZUEOJU D @D[CIBEDO OD@KID]NU D @D[CIBEDO XD]BD[BC@U OZIMD] IJEAD JEAD@BEU @BEU D@K UCID[BE K RUHZ@E[BC@ OZIMCUDE]DO D @GOJ @GOJ \]CMOJ ]CMOJIU IU [AD[ E DZUJ OCW M DEN \ DB@ U CID[BE ( MDEN U[]DB@ / U\]DB@ ) CID[BE KRUHZ@E[BC@ CH [AJ OZIMCUDE]DO U\B@J ( \ UCDU UR@K]CIJ BOBCOZIMD] OBGDIJ BGDIJ@[ @[ UR@K] UR@K]CIJ CIJ A J]@BD[JK @ZEOJZU \ZO\CUZU U \B@DO U[J@CUBU U \C@KROCUBU U \C@KROCORUBU U \C@KROCOBU[AJ \C@KROCOBU[AJUBU UBU E DZKD JTZB@D UR@K]CIJ EAD\[J] ; ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@U BC@U EAD\[J] ; ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@ BC@ JQ\O JQ\OD@D[ D@D[BC@U BC@U

;7 ;1 ;1 ;1 ;2 :< :4 :4 := := :5 :; :; :: :1 :2 85

E AD\[J] : U ECOBCUBU D@ K U AC][ O JG U R@ K] CI J UECOBCUBU K JHB@B[BC@

87

























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E AD\[J] 8 U DE ]Z I D@ K B @@CIB@D[JU D @D[CIR @D[CIR MC@JU D@K MC@R OD@KID]NU D ][BEZOD[BC@U O BGDIJ@[U I ZUEOJU ZUEOJU @ J]XJU U DE]DO D@K B@@CIB@D[J IJEAD@BEU B @@CIB@D[JU U DE]ZI UCID[BE K RUHZ@E[BC@ CH [AJ B@@CI @@CIB@D[J B@D[JU U D@K U DE]ZI B @@CIB@D[J KRUHZ@E[BC@U U DE]DO KRUHZ@E[BC@U E DZUJU CH U DE]CBOBDE K RUHZ@E[BC@ UJTZJ@EB@G OZIMD] -U -U DE]ZI-\JOXBU []JD[IJ@[U EAD\[J] 8 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@U BC@U EAD\[J] 8 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@ BC@ JQ\O JQ\OD@D[ D@D[BC@U BC@U

72 1< 1< 14 14

14 14 15 17 2: 28 27 4<8

E AD\[J] 7 Z \\J] J Q[]JIB[BJU D @D[CIR @D[CIR (UACZOKJ] ) MC@JU F CB@[U CB@[U I ZUEOJU ZUEOJU ORI\AD[BE K]DB@DGJ CH [AJ Z\\J] JQ[]JIB[BJU @ J]XJU IC[BC@ [JU[ JU[B@G B@G D@K JQDI QDIB@D B@D[BC [BC@ @ CH [AJ UACZOKJ] I C[BC@ C[BC@ CH [AJ UACZOKJ] U CID[BE CID[BE KRUHZ@E[BC@ CH [AJ UACZOKJ] I C[BC@ C[BC@ D[ [AJ EODXBEOJ ECIIC@ \]C ]CMO MOJI JIU U CH [A [AJ J UACZOKJ] [ AC]DEBE CZ[OJ[ UR@K]CIJ ]C[D[C] EZHH [J@KC@B[BU M BEB\B[DO [J@CKC@B[BU ]C[D[C] EZHH [JD] D KAJUBXJ ED\UZOB[BU ( ( H]CVJ@ UACZOKJ] UR@K]CIJ ) U ACZOKJ] KBUOCED[BC@

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442 442 4=< 4=< 4=4 4=8

E AD\[J] 1 O CWJ] J Q[]JIB[BJU D @D[CIR @D[CIR (AB\ D@ D@K K N @JJ @JJ) MC@JU D@K MC@R OD@KID]NU I ZUEOJU ZUEOJU CH [AJ AB\ D@K N@JJ O BGDIJ@[U D@K FCB@[U @ J]XJU D @D[CIBEDO @D[CIBEDO X D]BD[BC@U D@K [AJ T D@GOJ D @GZOD[BC@ CH [AJ AJDK CH [AJ HJIZ] UCID[BE K RUHZ@E[BC@ CH [AJ HBMZOD] AJDK EOB@BEDO EC@U C@UBKJ BKJ]D[ ]D[BC@ BC@U U CH [AJ AB\ D@ D@K K N @JJ @JJ \ D[JOOC- HJIC]DO UR@K]CIJ O BGDIJ@[CZU B@FZ]R E CI\D][IJ@[ CI\D][IJ@[ UR@K]CIJ D @D[CIR @D[CIR (D @NOJ @ NOJ D@K HCC[) MC@JU F CB@[U CB@[U D ]EAJU ( ( UCID[BE KRUHZ@E[BC@ ) O BGDIJ@[U EAD\[J] 1 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@U BC@U

454 454 45= 45: 458 45: 457 451 451 452 452 4;< 4;< 4;=

























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482

E AD\[J] 4< U \B@DO H DE BO B[ D[ BC @ D @K @K D Z[C@CIBE Z [C@CIBE @ J]XCZU U RU [J I H DEBOB[D[BC@ @ JZ]C\ARUBCO I JEAD@BUI CH HDEBOB[D[BC@ JZ]C\ARUBCOCGBE CGBE I A CW CW KCJU D UJGIJ@[ MJECIJ ( D@K U[DR ) HDEBOB[D[JK3 A CW CW KCJU HDEBOB[D[BC@ EC]]JOD[J WB[A UCID[BE KRUHZ@E[BC@ 3 X BUEJ]C- UCID[BE D@K UCID[C-XBUEJ]DO ]JHOJQJU A CW CW KCJU HDEBOB[D[BC@ EC]]JOD[J WB[A [AJUJ ]JHOJQJU 3 D Z[C@CIBE Z[C@CIBE B@@J]XD[BC@ \ D]DURI\D[AJ[BE @J]XCZU URU[JI U RI\D[AJ[BE RI\D[AJ[BE @J]XCZU URU[JI CU[J U[JC\D C\D[AB [ABE E ID ID@B\ @B\ZOD ZOD[BC [BC@ @ KB] KB]JE[ JE[JK JK D[ [AJ DZ[ DZ[C@C C@CIB IBE E @J] @J]XCZ XCZU U URU URU[JI [JI [ ]JD[IJ@[ CH [AJ URI\D[AJ[BE @J]XCZU URU[JI [ ]JD[IJ@[ CH [AJ \D]DURI\D[AJ[BE @J]XCZU URU[JI EAD\[J] 4< ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@U BC@U EAD\[J] 4< ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@ BC@ JQ\OD JQ\OD@D[BC @D[BC@U @U

475 47; 47: 47: 478 471 472 414 415 41: 412

E AD\[J] 44 E AD\ID@ ' U D@ K [ ]BGGJ] \ CB@[U EAD\ID@ 'U \CB@[U K JHB@B[BC@ B I\C][D@[ E E AD\ID@ ‒ ‒ U ]JHOJQ \CB@[U []DXJOO'U I RCHDUEBDO []BGGJ] \CB@[U K BDG@CU[BE EAD]DE[J]BU[BEU

42= 425 42:

























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E C@[]DB@KBED[BC@U C@[]DB@KBED[BC@U [C ORI\AD[BE []JD[IJ@[ EAD\[J] 45 ]JXBJ ]JXBJW W TZJU TZJU[BC@U [BC@U EAD\[J] 45 ]JXBJ ]JXBJW W TZJU TZJU[BC@ [BC@ JQ\O JQ\OD@D[B D@D[BC@U C@U

=47 =42 ==5

E AD\[J] 4; E CZ@[J]U[]DB@ D@ K H DE BO B[ D[ JK \ CUB[BC@DO ] JOJDUJ J OJDUJ KJHB@B[BC@ (ECZ@[J]U[]DB@) W AD[ BU D [J@KJ]\CB@[ 3 3 M DUBE ECZ@[J]U[]DB@ []JD[IJ@[ U[J\U ECZ@[J]U[]DB@ [JEA@BTZJU E J]XBEDO U\B@J [ AC]DEBE U\B@J ] BMU OZIMD] U\B@J \ JOXBU H DEBOB[D[JK \CUB[BC@DO ]JOJDUJ K JHB@B[BC@ EAD\[J] 4; ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU TZJU[BC@U [BC@U EAD\[J] 4; ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU TZJU[BC@ [BC@ JQ\O JQ\OD@D[ D@D[BC@U BC@U

==8 ==8 ==1 ==1 ==1 =5< =5< =54 =5= =5:

E AD\[J] 4: I ZUEOJ J @J]GR KJHB@B[BC@ \]B@ ]B@EB\ EB\OJU OJU CH IZ IZUEO UEOJ J J@J J@J]GR ]GR []J []JD[I D[IJ@[ J@[ [ R\JU CH IZUEOJ J@J]GR []JD[IJ@[ IZUEO ZUEOJ J J@J]G J@J]GR R []JD []JD[IJ@ [IJ@[ [ \]CE \]CEJKZ] JKZ]J J B@KBED[BC@U

=57 =57 =57 =52 =;<

























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E AD\[J] 47 D ][BEZOD[C]R ] [BEZOD[C]R [ JEA@BTZJU KJHB@B[BC@ B @KBED[BC@U E C@[]DB@KBED[BC@U C@[]DB@KBED[BC@U [ R\BEDO R\BEDO D][BEZOD[C]R \]CEJKZ]J H]JTZ ]JTZJ@[OR J@[OR ZUJK D][B D][BEZOD EZOD[C]R [C]R [JEA [JEA@BTZ @BTZJU JU ] BM ]DBUB@G U \J@EJ] [JEA@BTZJU EAD\[J] 47 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@U BC@U EAD\[J] 47 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@ BC@ JQ\OD JQ\OD@D[BC @D[BC@U @U

=7< =7< =74 =74 =7= =75 =7:

E AD\[J] 41 U \JEBDO \JEBDO [ JU[U EJ]XBEDO U\B@J UACZOKJ] W ]BU[ ]BU[ OZIMD] U\B@J U DE]ZI D@K B@@CIB@D[JU AB\U N @JJ @JJ D @NOJ @NOJ EAD\[J] 41 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@U BC@U EAD\[J] 41 ]JXB ]JXBJW JW TZJU[ TZJU[BC@ BC@ JQ\O JQ\OD@D[ D@D[BC@U BC@U

D \\J@KBQ \ \J@KBQ D E CIIC@ [ JEA@BTZJU K RU HZ @E [B C@ EAD\ID@ ‒U ]JH ]JHOJQ OJQJU JU

=77 =71 =72 =14 =1= =1: =17 =2< =24 =28

HC ] X BUEJ]DO B UEJ]DO D@ K

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Hrc`t Idttjr (4).qxpSEadptjr4 2/=;/41 4=642 \I \dgj xbv

] JHJ]J@EJU J HJ]J@EJU

54 1

B @KJQ

5= 4



























Eadptjr 4.qxpSEadptjr4 4.qxpSEadptjr 4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj 4

[aj Mdsbes

4

























Eadptjr 4.qxpSEadptjr4 4.qxpSEadptjr 4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj =

[aj Mdsbes

Eadptjr 4

=. Dsyiijtry Dsyiijtry ― mc`j mc`js, s, iuseoj iuseojs, s, cr cr fcb`ts fcb`ts idy hjjo dsyii dsyiijtrbe jtrbe tc taj taj ecrrjspc`kb`g ecrrjspc`kb` g strueturjs. 5. ]jstrbetb ]jstrbetbc` c` (sjj Hbgur Hbgurjj 4.4d d`k 4.4m) 4.4m) ― d fcb`t fcb`t wbta wbta d scidtb scidtbee kyshuètb kyshuètbc` c` wboo wboo advj rjstrbetjk ictbc`. Z`kjr `crido paysbcocgbe ec`kbtbc`s d fcb`t ads twc mdrrbjrs6 d. \aysbcocgbe mdrrbjr ― d pcb`t dt wabea d pdtbj`t ed` detbvjoy detbvjoy icvj d`y gbvj` fcb`t. Hcr jxdipoj, d pjrsc` idy detbvjoy rctdtj abs ajdk 1<¼ tc jbtajr sbkj. m. D`dtcibe mdrrbjr mdrrbjr ― d pcb`t dt wabea d paysbebd` ed` pdssbvjoy icvj d`y gbvj` fcb`t. Hcr jxdipoj, d paysbebd` idy pdssbvjoy rctdtj taj sdij pdtbj`t‒s ajdk 2<¼ tc jbtajr sbkj. @C[J 6 d`y icvjij`t mjyc`k taj d`dtcibedo mdrrbjr wboo edusj obgdij`t,


























[aj Mdsbes

Eadptjr 4

;. [j`kjr` [j`kjr`jss jss - D pdb`huo pdb`huo sj`sdtb sj`sdtbc` c` idy mj prckue prckuejk jk kurb`g kurb`g pdopdtb pdopdtbc` c` ch tbssujs wajrj bt sacuok `ct ceeur bh tajrj wjrj `c scidtbe kyshuètbc`. [abs bs taj còy sumfjetbvj ecipc`j`t ch [D][. E. Kbhhjrjèjs mjtwjj` deutj deutj d`k earc`be earc`be scidtbe scidtbe kyshuètbc` kyshuètbc` [D][ hb`kb`gs wboo mj dotjrjk ds d` b`fury ead`gjs hrci deutj tc earc`be. [dmoj 4.4 kjserbmjs hb`kb`gs b` deutj vs. earc`be scidtbe kyshuètbc`. 4 p.;<:, = p.47 [dmoj 4.4

Hb`kb`gs [bssuj tjxturj ead`gjs

Deutj

Earc`be

























Eadptjr 4.qxpSEadptjr4 4.qxpSEadptjr 4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj ;

Eadptjr 4

[aj Mdsbes

sjgij`ts (b.j. d grcup ch ch vjrtjmrdj). Hcr jxdipoj, bh d pjrsc` wjrj tc sbkjmj`k dt [8 - O=, taj mckbjs ch taj vjrtjmrdj wcuok rctdtj b` taj cppcsbtj kbrjetbc`. Aj `ctbejk tadt bh d grcup ch vjrtjmrdj vjrtjmrdj bs b` taj `jutrdo `jutrdo pcsbtbc` d`k wds rjstrbetjk b` ojht rctdtbc`, taj` taj grcup ch vjrtjmrdj vjrtjmrdj bs rctdtjk rbgat d`k sbkjmj`t ojht. Uuiidry ch Odw B (Hbgurj 4.=) B` taj `jutrdo pcsbtbc`6 sbkjmj`kb`g prjejkjs rctdtbc`, sbkjmj`kb`g d`k rctdtbc` ceeur tc cppcsbtj sbkjs. Hryjttj usjk tabs prbèbpoj hcr `cijèodturjj ch scidtbe `cijèodtur

IJIC IC] ] R [ [C CCO6

‟ @’ h hc c r @j u trdo t rdo , t a j

drrc drrc w b`t b` b ` ttaj aj d r r c ws ws p c cb`t cpp csbtj csbt kbrjetbc` pcsbt pcsb tj kbrj kbr jetbc`s kbrj etbc`s , ta jrjh sbbk jmj`kb`g jmj` kb`g ajrjh ajrj h rj sbk kjmj`kb`g kjmj `kb`g

























Eadptjr 4.qxpSEadptjr4 4.qxpSEadptjr 4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj :

[aj Mdsbes

Eadptjr 4

IJI JIC]R C]R [C [CCO CO6 6

B`

‟H ’ o j xjk jxjk

cr xtj`kj k ojsbc`s, ‟ J’ xtj`k xtj` kjjk ojsbc`s, t a j ddrrcws rrcws pcb`t pcb` pcb `t b` rjetbc` b ` taj taj sdij k bbrjetbc` [ajrjhcrj [ajrjhcr [ajrjhc rj , rctdtb k

Uuiidry ch Odw BB (Hbgurj 4.5) B` d `c`-`jutrdo (hojxjk cr jxtj`kjk) pcsbtbc`6 rctdtbc` prjejkjs sbkjmj`kb`g, sbkjmj`kb`g d`k rctdtbc` ceeur tc taj sdij sbkj. sbkj. Hryjttj usjk tabs prbèbpoj hcr `cijèodturjj ch scidtbe kyshuètbc`6 `cijèodtur j.g.6 H] ] U] cr H]U] 9 hojxjk, rctdtjk d`k sbkjmj`t rbgat.




























Eadptjr 4

BBB. @dib`g d`k jvdoudtb jvdoudtb`g `g scidtbe scidtbe kyshuètbc`s D. @dib`g scidtbe scidtbe kyshuètbc`s Ds ij`tbc`jk dmcvj, scidtbe scidtbe kyshuètbc` bs kbdg`csjk kbdg`csjk my [D][

[aj Mdsbes


























[aj Mdsbes

Eadptjr 4

Bh taj rctdtbc` rjidb`s taj sdij b` hojxbc` d`k jxtj`sbc`, taj` taj sjgij`ts drj `jutrdo sbkjmj`t ojht d`k rctdtjk rbgat @UO] ] . Dogcrbtai hcr jvdoudtb`g jvdoudtb`g scidtbe kyshuètbc` kyshuètbc`


























[aj Mdsbes

Eadptjr 4

[dmoj 4.=

]jgbc`

Hdejt Cr Crbj`tdtbc`

I`jic`be


























Eadptjr 4

[aj Mdsbes

J. Jeej`tr Jeej`trbe be ec`tr ec`trdetb detbc` c` ― Oj`gtaj`b Oj`gtaj`b`g `g ch iuseoj kurb`g kurb`g ec`trdetbc` kuj tc 4 p.4<2< d` jxtjr`do hcrej.

























Eadptjr 4.qxpSEadptjr4 4.qxpSEadptjr 4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj 4<

Eadptjr 4

[aj Mdsbes



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Dppj`kbx M.qxpSEadptjr4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj 545

@jurcocgbedo Jxdi

Dppj`kbx M

QB. Iuseojs ch taj taj Ijkbdo d`k \cstjrbcr \cstjrbcr [abga [dmoj M.4<

Iuseoj

Crbgb`

B`sjrtbc`

B``jrvdtbc`

Detbc`

Dkkuetcr oc`gus

Mcky ch pumbs

Ibkkoj 4/5 ch ob`jd dspjrd ch hjiur

Cmturdtcr `jrvj (O=, O5 O5,, O;)

Dkkuets, hojxjs d`k b`tjr`dooy rctdtjs tabga

Dkkuetcr mrjvbs

Mcky ch b`hjrbcr pumbe rdius

\jetb`jdo ob`j, uppjr pdrt ch ob`jd dspjrd

Cmturdtcr `jrvj (O=, O5 O5,, O;)

Dkkuets, hojxjs d`k b`tjr`dooy rctdtjs tabga

Dkkuetcr idgùs

B[, b`hjrbcr pumbe rdius

Ob`jd dspjrd, dkkuetcr tumjreoj, suprdec`kyodr ob`j

Cmturdtcr d`k sebdtbe `jrvj (O=, O5, O;) O;)

Dkkuets, hojxjs d`k jxtj`ks tabga

Grdebobs

Mcky d`k b`hjrbcr pumbe rdius

Uupjrbcr pdrt ch ijkbdo tbmbd

Cmturdtcr `jrvj (O= O=,, O5)

Dkkuets tabga, hojxjs ojg

Ujibtj`kb`csbs

Bseabdo tumjrcsbty (B[)

Uupjrbcr pdrt ch ijkbdo tbmbd

Uebdtbe `jrvj, tbmbdo pcrtbc` (O:, U4, U4, U=)

Jxtj`ks tabga, hojxjs d`k b`tjr`dooy rctdtjs ojg

Ujibijimrd`csbs

Bseabdo tumjrcsbty (B[)

Ijkbdo ec`kyoj ch tbmbd

Uebdtbe `jrvj, tbmbdo pcrtbc` (O:, U4, U4, U=)

Jxtj`ks tabga, hojxjs d`k b`tjr`dooy rctdtjs ojg

Mbejps hjicrbs

Oc`g ajdk6 B[ Uacrt ajdk6 pcstjrbcr hjiur

Ajdk ch hbmuod

Uebdtbe, OA 9 tbmbdo, UA 9 pjrc`jdo (O:, U4 U4,, U=)

Jxtj`ks tabga, hojxjs d`k jxtjr`dooy rctdtjs ojg

Goutjus idxbius

Bobui, sderui, eceeyx, sderctumjrus obgdij`t

Goutjdo tumjrcsbty d`k bobctbmbdo trdet

B`hjrbcr goutjdo `jrvj (O: (O:,, U4, U=)

Jxtj`ks abp

Goutjus ijkbus

Bobui

Grjdtjr trcead`tjr

Uupjrbcr goutjdo `jrvj (O: (O:,, U4)

Dmkuets abp

[j`scr hdsebd odtd

Bobde erjst d`k DUBU

Uupjrbcr goutjdo `jrvj (O;, O:)

Hojxjs, dmkuets abp

\brbhcribs

D`tjrbcr sderui d`k sderctumjrus obgdij`t

Uderdo `jrvj (U4 (U4,, U=)

Jxtjr`dooy rctdtjs ojg

Bobctbmbdo trdet

Grjdtjr trcead`tjr

























Dppj`kbx M.qxpSEadptjr4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj 54;

@jurcocgbedo Jxdi

Dppj`kbx M

QBB. Iuseojs ch taj D`tjrbcr d`k Odtjrdo Odtjrdo Ojg [dmoj M.4=

Iuseoj

Crbgb`

B`sjrtbc`

B``jrvdtbc`

Detbc`

[bmbdobs d`tjrbcr

Odtjrdo tbmbdo ec`kyoj, BC ijimrd`j

4st eu`jbhcri, 4st ijtdtdrsdo

Kjjp pjrc`jdo `jrvj (O; (O;,, O:)

Kcrsbhojxjs d`k b`vjrts hcct

Jxtj`scr adoouebs oc`gus

BC ijimrd`j, d`tjrbcr hbmuod

Kbstdo padod`x ch mbg tcj

Kjjp pjrc`jdo `jrvj (O:, U4)

Jxtj`ks mbg tcj, kcrsbhojxjs hcct

Jxtj`scr kbgbtcrui oc`gus

[bmbdo ec`kyoj, BC ijimrd`j, hbmuod

Ibkkoj d`k kbstdo padod`gjs


Jxtj`ks kbgbts =:, kcrsbhojxjs hcct

\jrc`jus oc`gus

Odtjrdo sbkj d`k hbmuod ajdk

mdsj ch 4st ijtdtdrsdo, ijkbdo eu`jbhcri

Uupjrhbebdo pjrc`jdo `jrvj (O: O:,, U4 U4,, U=)

Jvjrts d`k pod`tdrhojxjs hcct

\jrc`jus mrjvbs

Ocwjr odtjrdo hbmuod

Mdsj ch :ta ijtdtdrsdo

Uupjrhbebdo pjrc`jdo `jrvj (O: O:,, U4 U4,, U=)

Jvjrts d`k pod`tdrhojxjs hcct

\jrc`jus tjrtbus

Kbstdo 4/5 ch hbmuod d`k BC ijimrd`j



Kcrsbhojxjs d`k jvjrts hcct

























Dppj`kbx M.qxpSEadptjr4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj 54:

@jurcocgbedo Jxdi

Dppj`kbx M

QBBB. Iuseojs ch taj \cstjrbcr Ojg [dmoj M.45

Iuseoj

Crbgb`

B`sjrtbc`

B``jrvdtbc`

Detbc`

Gdstrce`jibus

Odtjrdo d`k ijkbdo hjicrdo ec`kyojs

\cstjrbcr dspjet ch edoed`jus

[bmbdo `jrvj (U4 U4,, U=)

Hojxjs n`jj, pod`tdr-hojxjs hcct

Ucojus

[bmbd d`k uppjr hbmuodr ajdk


[bmbdo `jrvj (U4 U4,, U=)

\od`tdr-hojxjs hcct

\od`tdrbs

Ocwjr odtjrdo suprdec`kyodr ob`j


[bmbdo `jrvj (O; O;,, O: O:,, U4)

Wjdnoy dssbsts gdstrce`jibus

\cpobtjus

Odtjrdo ec`kyoj ch hjiur

Zppjr pcstjrbcr sbkj ch tbmbd

[bmbdo `jrvj (U= U=,, U5)

Zòcens n`jj d`k hojxjs n`jj

Hojxcr adoouebs oc`gus

Ocwjr =/5 ch hbmuod, BC ijimrd`j

Kbstdo padod`x ch mbg tcj

[bmbdo `jrvj (U= U=,, U5)

Hojxcr kbgbtcrui oc`gus

Ibkkoj pcstjrbcr tbmbd

Mdsj ch kbstdo padod`gjs

[bmbdo `jrvj (O;, O:)

[bmbdobs pcstjrbcr

BC ijimrd`j, prcxbido tbmbd d`k hbmuod

@dvbeuodr, eu`jbhcris, eumcbk, ijtdtdrsdos =-; [bmbdo `jrvj (U4, U=)

Hojxjs grjdt tcj, pod`tdr-hojxjs hcct Hojxjs tcjs =-:, pod`tdr-hojxjs hcct \od`tdr-hojxjs d`k b`vjrts hcct.

























Dppj`kbx M.qxpSEadptjr4 2/41/41 4465= \I \dgj 548

@jurcocgbedo Jxdi

Dppj`kbx M

QBX. Iuseojs ch taj Hcct [dmoj M.4; Iuseoj

Crbgb`

B`sjrtbc`

B``jrvdtbc`

Detbc`

Jxtj`scr kbgbtcrui mrjvbs

Kcrsdo surhdej ch edoed`jus

[j`kc`s ch jxtj`scr kbgbtcrui oc`gus

Kjjp pjrc`jdo `jrvj (O:,U4)

Jxtj`ks tcjs

Jxtj`scr adoouebs mrjvbs

Kcrsdo surhdej ch edoed`jus

\rcxbido padod`yx ch mbg tcj

Kjjp pjrc`jdo `jrvj (O:,U4)

Jxtj`ks mbg tcj

Dmkuetcr adoouebs

Ijkbdo tumjreoj ch edoed`jus

\rcxbido padod`yx ch mbg tcj

Ijkbdo pod`tdr `jrvj (U=,U5 (U=,U5))

Dmkuets d`k hojxjs mbg tcj

Hojxcr kbgbtcrui mrjvbs

Ijkbdo tumjreoj ch edoed`jus

Ibkkoj padod`yx ch tcjs =-:

Ijkbdo pod`tdr `jrvj (U=,U5 (U=,U5))

Hojxjs ibkkoj padod`x ch tcjs =-:

Dmkuetcr kbgbtb ib`bib

Ijkbdo d`k odtjrdo tumjreojs ch edoed`jus

:ta prcxbido padod`yx

Odtjrdo pod`tjr `jrvj (U=,U5 (U=,U5))

Dmkuets obttoj tcj

Tudkrdtus pod`tdj

Ijkbdo d`k odtjrdo surhdej ch edoed`jus

[j`kc` ch hojxcr kbgbtcrui oc`gus

Odtjrdo pod`tjr `jrvj (U=,U5 (U=,U5))

Dssbsts hojxcr kbgbtcrui b` hojxb`g tcjs

Ouimrbedos

[j`kc`s ch hojxcr kbgbtcrui oc`gus

\rcxbido padod`gjs ch =-: d`k jxtj`scr jxpd`sbc`

Ijkbdo d`k odtjrdo pod`tjr `jrvjs (U=,U5 (U=,U5))

Hojxjs prcxbido padod`gjs & jxtj`k kbstdo padod`gjs ch tcjs =-:

Hojxcr adoouebs mrjvbs

Eumcbk d`k odtjrdo eu`jbhcri

\rcxbido padod`x ch mbg tcj

Ijkbdo pod`tdr `jrvj (U4,U= (U4,U=))

Hojxjs mbg tcj

Dkkuetcr adoouebs

Kbstdo d`k prcxbido ijtdtdrsdos

\rcxbido padod`x ch mbg tcj

Odtjrdo pod`tdr `jrvj (U=,U5) (U=,U5)

Dkkuets mbg tcj

Hojxcr kbgbtb ib`bib mrjvbs


\rcxbido padod`x ch obttoj tcj

Odtjrdo pod`tdr `jrvj (U=,U5 (U=,U5))

Hojxjs obttoj tcj

\od`tdr b`tjrcssjb

Ijkbdo sbkjs ch ijtdtdrsdos 5-:

Ijkbdo mdsj ch prcxbido padod`gjs ch 5-:


Dkkuets tcjs d`k hojxjs I[\‒s

Kcrsdo b`tjrcssjb

Dkfdej`t sbkjs ch ijtdtdrsdos

Mdsj ch prcxbido padod`x =-;


Dmkuets tcjs d`k hojxjs I[\‒s

























]JHJ]J@EJU 4. Dijrbed` Cstjcpdtabe Dsscebdtbc`6 Hcu`kdtbc`s hcr Cstjcpdtabe Ijkbeb`j. [abrk Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopbd, ObppjècttWboobdis ObppjècttWboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, =<44. =. KbGbcvd``d, J., Ueabcwbtz, U.6 D` Cstjcpdtabe Dpprcdea Dpprcdea tc Kbdg`csbs d`k [rjdtij`t. [abrk Jkbtbc` \abodkjopabd, Obppjèctt Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, =<<: 5. Dijrbed` Cstjcpdtabe Dsscebdtbc`6 Hcu`kdtbc`s hcr Cstjcpdtabe Ijkbeb`j. =`k Jkbtbc`. Mdotbicrj, Obppjèctt, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, =<<= ;. [acrpj, ]G6 Id`bpuodtbvj prcejkurjs b` Ouimcsderdo \rcmojis, Cstjcpdtabe D``dos, Dugust 427; :. Iccrj, N.O.6 Eob`bedooy Crbj`tjk D`dtciy. [abrk Jkbtbc`. Mdotbicrj, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, 422=. 8. Mod`k, F.A.6 Kbscrkjrs ch taj Ejrvbedo Upb`j6 Kbdg`csbs d`k Ijkbedo Id`dgjij`t. Ujec`k Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, W.M. Udu`kjrs, 422; 7. Nueajrd, W.D., Nueajrd, I.O.6 Cstjcpdtabe \rbèbpojs b` \rdetbej. Ujec`k Jkbtbc` (rjvbsjk), sjec`k prb`tb`g, Ecoui- mus, Grjykj` \rjss, 4225. 1. Dijrbed` Cstjcpdtabe Dsscebdtbc`6 Hcu`kdtbc`s hcr Cstjcpdtabe Ijkbeb`j. Mdotbicrj, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, 4227. 2. Iccrj, N.O.6 Eob`bedooy Crbj`tjk D`dtciy. [abrk Jkbtbc`. Mdotbicrj, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, 422= 4<. Nbimjroy, \.J., Hu`n, U.O.6 Cutob`j ch Cstjcpdtabe Id`bpuodtbvj \rcejkurjs6 \rcejkurjs6 [aj Nbimjroy Idùdo. Ibooj``bui Jkb- tbc`. Wdoswcrta \umobsab`g Ec, =<<<



























45. Gcokmjrg, U6 Eob`bedo D`dtciy Idkj ]bkbeuocusoy Ubipoj. IjkIdstcr. Bè., 421; 4;. KbGbcvd``d, J., Ueabcwbtz, U.6 D` Cstjcpdtabe Dpprcdea tc Kbdg`csbs d`k [rjdtij`t. \abodkjopabd, F.M. Obppjèctt Ec., 4224. 4:. Mcrj`stjb`, K.G., Wbjsjo, U.W., Mckj`, U.K.6 Ocw Mden \db`. Ujec`k Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, W.M. Udu`kjrs Ec., 422: 48. Kjyc, ].D., Kbjao, D.N., ]csj`tado I.6 Acw id`y kdys ch mjk rjst hcr deutj ocw mden pdb`3 D rd`kcibzjk eob`bedo trbdo. @jw J`god`k Fcur`do ch Ijkbeb`j. Cet 42186 =5>54:(47)64<8;-7< 47. U`bkjr, ].N.6 [aj Jssj`tbdos ch Iuseuocsnjojtdo Iuseuocsnjojtdo Edrj. Dijrbed` Dedkjiy ch Crtacpjkbe Uurgjc`s, 4227 41. Muenwdotjr, F.D., Wjb`stjb`, U.O.6 [urjn's Crtacpdjkbes6 \rbèbpojs d`k tajbr Dppobedtbc`s Dppobedtbc`s.. Hbhta Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, F.M. Obppbèctt Ec. 42. D`kjrsc`, K.I.6 Kcrod`k's Booustrdtjk Ijkbedo Kbetbc`dry. =1ta Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, WM Udu`kjrs, 422; =<. @josc`, N.J, Goc`jen, [.6 Ucidtbe Kyshuètbc` b` Cstjcpdtabe Hdiboy Ijkbeb`j. Ujec`k Jkbtbc`. Wcotjrs Nouwjr, Nouwjr, =<4: =4. KbGbcvd``d, J., Ueabcwbtz, U.6 D` Cstjcpdtabe Dpprcdea Dpprcdea tc Kbdg`csbs d`k [rjdtij`t. Ujec`k Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, F.M. Obppjèctt Ec., 4227. ==. Mjrncw, ].6 Ijren Idùdo. Ubxtjj`ta Jkbtbc`. ]dawdy, Ijren ]jsjdrea Odmcrdtcrbjs, Odmcrdtcrbjs, 422= =5. Idgjj, K.F.6 Crtacpjkbe \aysbedo Dssjssij`t. Dssjssij`t. Ujec`k Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, W.M. Udu`kjrs Ec., 422= =;. Acppj`hjok, U6 \aysbedo Jxdib`dtbc` ch taj Upb`j d`k Jxtrjibtbjs. @crwdon, @crwdon, Dppojtc`-Ej`turyErchts, 4278

























5<. Hryid``, X.I.6 [aj Ecoojetjk \dpjrs ch Xcbod I. Hryid``, KC6 Ojgdey ch Cstjcpdtay tc Eabokrj`. B`kbd`dpcobs, Dijrbed` Dedkjiy ch Cstjcpdtay, 4221 54. Kdimrc, I.].6 Grbhhbta's Hbvj-Ibùtj Eob`bedo Ec`suot =<<<. Jbgata jkbtbc`. Obppbèctt, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s =<<< 5=. @beacods, D.U6 Dtods ch Cstjcpdtabe [jea`bqujs. [jea`bqujs. [abrk Jkbtbc`, Wcotjrs Nouwjr =<48 55. Fc`js, O.A.6 Fc`js Utrdb`-Ecu`tjrstrdb`. Fc`js Utrdb`-Ecu`tjrstrdb` Utrdb`-Ecu`tjrstrdb` bè., Mcbsj, 422: 5;. \dttjrsc`, I.I.6 D ickjo ijead`bsi hcr spb`do sjgij`tdo hdebobtdtbc`. FDCD. 4278>7868=/4=47=/454. 5:. Hbx, F.K.6 @jurcd`dtci @jurcd`dtciy. y. Ujec`k Jkbtbc`. Mdotbicrj, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, 422: 58. Mjr`j, ]., Ojvy, I6 \aysbcocgy. [abrk jkbtbc`. Ut. Ocubs, Icsmy, 4225. 57. Guytc`, D.6 [jxtmccn ch Ijkbedo \aysbcocgy. Jbgata Jkbtbc`. \abodkjopabd, W.M. Udu`kjrs 4224. 51. Cwj`s, E.6 D` J`kcerb`j B`tjrprjtdtbc` B`tjrprjtdtbc` ch Eadpid`'s ]jhojxjs, 4257. ]jprb`tjk my taj Dedkjiy ch Dppobjk Cs- tjcpdtay, Idy 4285. 52. [rdvjoo, F.G., Ubic`s, K.G.6 Iychdsebdo \db` d`k Kyshuètbc` Kyshuètbc`.. Xco B. Mdotbicrj, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, 4215. ;<. [rdvjoo, F.G., Ubic`s, K.G.6 Iychdsebdo \db` d`k Kyshuètbc` Kyshuètbc`.. Xco BB. Mdotbicrj, Wboobdis d`k Wbonb`s, 4215 ;4. Ubic`s, K.G.6 Iuseoj \db` Uy`krcijs. Fcur`do ch Idùdo Ijkbeb`j. 42246865-=5 ;=. Eadbtcw, O.6 Ucht [bssuj Id`bpuodtbc`. Joob`gtc`, Grjdt Mrbtbd`, [acrstc` \umobsab`g, \umobsab`g, 4217. ;5. Grdy's D`dtciy. 51ta Jkbtbc`. @jw Rcrn Jkb`murga Oc`kc` [cnyc Idkrbk d`k Ijomcur`j, Eaureaboo Obvb`gstc`, 422:.

























(sjj Mdrrbjrs) Ojg oj`gta (sjj Ojg oj`gta) D`dtciy Mdrrbjrs

Dmkcib`do puip 5<5 Dmkuetcr kbgbtb ib`bib Hcct 547 Hcct 547 Ad`k 547 Ad`k 547

Dmkuetcr adoouebs iuseoj 547 Dmkuetcr pcoobebs mrjvbs iuseoj 544 Dmkuetcr pcoobebs pcoobebs oc`gus iuseoj =1<, 54< Deeciickdtbc`, Deeciickdtb c`, vbsudo 48< Dejtdmuoui 72, 454 Deaboojs rjhojx 54= Dercibcedovbeuodr fcb`t 4<7, 444 Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 444

Dercibc` 44= Detbvdtb`g hcrej B` hdebobtdtjk pcsbtbc`do rjojdsj =54

Detbvj vs. \dssbvj (sjj Ictbc` d`k Cstjcpdtabe id`bpuodtbvj trjdtij`t) Deutj \db` (sjj \db`, deutj)

D`noj/hcct 452 D`noj/hcct 452 Ejrvbedo spb`j =< Jomcw/hcrjdri/ad`k 44; Jomcw/hcrjdri/ad`k 44; Abp d`k N`jj 454 Ouimdr spb`j ;1 \jovbs 72 ]bms 5: Uderui 72 Uacuokjr 4<7 Uacuokjr 4<7 [acrdebe spb`j 55

Dèc`jus 5<1 D`goj (sjj Edrryb`g d`goj) Ecmm (sjj Ecmm d`goj) Ch Ocubs (sjj Ocubs, d`goj ch) Edrryb`g d`goj

Hjicrdo d`goj Hjicrdo d`goj 7: Hjrgusc`'s (sjj Hjrgusc`'s

d`goj) Hjrgusc`'s d`goj) T (sjj T-d`goj) ]bm (sjj ]bm, d`goj) D`noj Ouimcsderdo (sjj

D`dtciy 452 Dreajs 4;<

























Dpojy kbstrdetbc` tjst =17 Dpojy serdtea tjst 44<, =71 Dppj`kbebtbs := Dppj`kbx Eadpid`'s pcb`t 425 pcb`t 425 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` b``jrvdtbc ` 472

Drdea`cbk idtjr 4:4 Dreajs Drtjrbdo dreajs ch ad`k 4<1 ad`k 4<1 Ch hcct 4;< hcct 4;<

Drraytaibds Dsscebdtjk wbta trbggjr pcb`ts 42:

Drtarbtbs Cstjcdrtarbtbs =:7, =18 ]ajuidtcbk =4, ]ajuidtcbk =4, 4=<, =:8

Drtbeuodr pboodrs (sjj Ejrvbedo spb`j) Drtbeuodtcry trjdtij`t =7<-=7= Ec`trdb`kbedtbc`s =7< Kjhb`btbc` =7< B` ejrvbedo stj`csbs =: B`kbedtbc`s =7< \rcejkurj =74 ]bm rdbsb`g (sjj ]bm rdbsb`g) Upjèjr tjea`bquj (sjj Upjèjr tjea`bquj) Waj` tc usj 44 Dsej`kb`g ecoc` (sjj Ecoc`, dsej`kb`g )

DUBU D`k ecu`tjrstrdb` tj`kjrpcb`ts tj`kjrpcb`ts =5< B` b``cib`dtj kbdg`csbs 15-18

DUBU eciprjssbc` tjst 15-18, =15 Dstaid 5<5 Dsyiijtry B` scidtbe kyshuètbc` 4-5, 47:

Dtod`tc-dxbdo fcb`t AXOD ch =:1 B`stdmbobty =4 B`stdmbobty =4 Ictbc` ch =5 ch =5 Ictbc` tjstb`g =; Iuseoj j`jrgy =;< j`jrgy =;< Uumouxdtbc` =:8 Xdgus `jrvj d`k 415

Dutc`cibe Dutc`ci be `jrvcus systji 475-41;

Mden (sjj dosc Ejrvbedo spb`j, Ouimdr spb`j> \db`> mden > [acrdebe spb`j d`k Xjrtjmrdj) Mdenwdrk mj`kb`g tjst =1; Mdrrbjrs D`dtcibe = B` cstjcpdtabe trjdtij`t 2 \aysbcocgbe = ]jstrbetbvj/\dtacocgbe ]jstrbetbvj/\dt acocgbe =

Mjk rjst :; Mjoo's pdosy 48< Mbejps Mrdeabb i 44:, =51, 5<7 Hjicrbs iuseoj 45:, 54; ]jhojx 5<8 [j`kc` =72

Mbebpbtdo dpc`jurcsbs 4<1 Modkkjr Eadpid`'s pcb`t 425 Ocss ch, ec`trco (sjj Bèc`tb`jèj ) Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472

Mc`j (sjj spjebhbe mc`j `dij) Mcutc``bjrj Mcutc`` bjrj kjhcribty 4=< Mcw-ojggjk 458 Mcwjo Ocss ch ec`trco (sjj Bèc`tb`jèj)

Mrdejs Upb`do 7< (sjj dosc Crtacsjs )

Mrdeabdo Drtjry 4<1 \ojxus ==, 4<2, 44, 44;

Mrdeabdobs 5<1 Mrdeabcrdkbdobs Iuseoj 54< ]jhojx 5<8

























Edèjr 44, :4, 4=47, 5<=, 5<5, 5<; B` dequbrjk secobcsbs 82 \rcstdtj :=

Edpdtj mc`j 44: Edrkbde (sjj Ajdrt) Edrkbcvdseuodr huètbc` b` secobcsbs 82 Edrpdo mc`js 44: Edrpdo tu``jo sy`krcij 442, =1< Edrpcijtdedrpdo fcb`ts 44: Edrryb`g d`goj 448 Edukd jqub`d sy`krcij :4, :1 Ejeui (sjj Ecoc`, ejeui) Ej`trdo `jrvcus systji 4:<-4:=, 475, =:: Ejrjmrdo pdosy B` `jurciuseuodr secobcsbs 82

Ejrjmrcspb`do houbk 4:<, =4: Ejrjmrcspb`do Ejrvbedo `jrvj rcct eciprjssbc` (sjj @jrvj rcct, ejrvbedo d`k ]dkbeuocpdtay) Ejrvbedo rbm 444 Ejrvbedo spb`j D`dtciy =< Drtbeuodr pboodrs =< E= ec``jetbc`s tc vdgus 415 Ecu`tjrstrdb` tjea`bqujs ==1 Kurdo dttdeaij`ts 4:4 Jxdib`dtbc` =77 Hdebobtdtjk pcsbtbc`do rjojdsj =54 Hcrdij` =< AXOD ch =:7-=:2 Fcb`ts =4 Hdejt 1, =< Aypjrtrcpay == Ouseand =4 Obgdij`ts =4 Id`bpuodtbc` 44 (sjj dosc spjebhbe trjdtij`t typjs) Ictbc` ch == Ictbc` tjstb`g =5 Iuseoj j`jrgy ch =;<-=;4 Iuseojs ch =4 @jrvj rcct eciprjssbc` == @jrvjs == \db` (sjj \db`, ejrvbedo) Utj`csbs ==, =:

Eodvbeoj =4, 4<7, 444, ==2, 5<= Ictbc` ch 44<

Eocùs 5<8 Ecmm d`goj 82 Eceeygjus iuseoj 14, =4: Eceeyx 72 Ecoc` Dsej`kb`g 471-41< Ejeui 471-41< Eadpid`'s pcb`ts 425-42; Kjsej`kb`g 471-41< \drdsyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 471, 41< Ubgicbk :=, 471-41< Upoj`be hojxurj 414 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472, 414 [rd`svjrsj 471-41< (sjj dosc Gdstrcb`tjstb`do)

Eciic` ecipj`sdtcry pdttjr` =<: Eciic` pjrc`jdo `jrvj 457 Ecipdrtij`t sy`krcij 451 Ecipj`sdtbc` Upb`do B` secobcsbs 7< B` scidtbe kyshuètbc` 5

Eciprjssbc` @jrvj rcct (sjj @jrvj rcct d`k ]dkbeuocpdtay) Utrdb` (sjj erd`bcsderdo) Ec`kyodr eciprjssbc` 484, 415 Ec`kyodr kjeciprjssbc` 415 Ec`gj`btdo Uecobcsbs 82 Upb`do idohcridtbc` :<

Ec`gjstbvj ajdrt hdbourj 41=, 5<5, 5<; Ec`trdetbc`, iuseoj Ecèj`trbe 1 Jeej`trbe 2 Bscijtrbe 1, =57 Bsctc`be 1 Bscoytbe 1

Ec`trdeturj Ch ad`k 4=<



























[acrdebe spb`j ==1 [rjdtij`t typj 4<, ==8-==7 (sjj dosc [j`kjrpcb`t)

Ecxd vdogd 45: Ecxd vdrd 45: Erd`bdo mc`js 4:4 Erd`bdo kyshuètbc` (sjj erd`bcsderdo kyshuètbc`s) Erd`bdo `jrvjs B 48< BB 48< BBB 48<, 415 BX 48< X 48< XB 48< XBB 48<, 415 XBBB 48< BQ 48<, 415 Q 48<, 471, 414, 415 QB 48< QBB 48<

Erd`bdo raytaibe bipuosj Dipobtukj 48= D`k sderdo rcenb`g 5<= Ijead`bsis 4:=-4:: ]dtj 4:4

Erd`bcsderdo kyshuètbc`s 4:8-4:2 Eciprjssbc` 4:2 Hojxbc`/jxtj`sbc` 4:1 Odtjrdo strdb` 4:2 Ubkjmj`kb`g/rctdtbc` 4:7 [crsbc` 4:8

Eu`jbhcri mc`j 452 Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 4;<

EX; 48= Eystjr`do eayob =4=, 5<5

Kdoryipoj (d.n.d. pjkdo) puip =4:, 5<; Kjecipj`sdtbc` Ouimcsderdo (sjj Ouimcsderdo) Kjjp tj`kc` rjhojx (sjj ]jhojxjs) Kjjp vj`cus tarcimcsbs 5<; Kjhb`btbc`s Drtbeuodtcry tjea`bquj =7< Mdrrbjrs = Eadpid`'s rjhojxjs 42= Ecu`tjrstrdb` ==8 Hdebobtdtbc` 475 Hryjttj's odw 5-: Abga vjocebty ocw vjocebty =:: Iuseoj j`jrgy =57 Iychdsebdo rjojdsj =<5 \rc`dtbc` ch hcct 45; ]ctdtbc`, Hryjttj's odw 5-: Ubkjmj`kb`g, Hryjttj's odw 5-: Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 4

























Ictbc` 5: ]jkcib`g =47, 5<= ]jojdsj 442

Kbpocpbd 48< Kbrjet tjea`bquj Xs. b`kbrjet 2, 4< Waj` tc usj 44 (sjj dosc spjebhbe trjdtij`t typjs cr spjebhbe drjds ch taj spb`j)

Kbses (sjj B`tjrvjrtjmrdo kbses) Kbzzb`jss =77 Kcrsdo rcct gd`gobc` ;1 Kcrsbhojxbc` (sjj D`noj, ictbc` ch ) Kcw`'s sy`krcij =4, =:8 Kcw`sobp, b``cib`dtj (sjj B``cib`dtj, scidtbe kyshuètbc` ) Krcp dri tjst =72 Kurd idtjr 4:<, 4:4 Kurdo ijimrd`js 4:<, 4:4 KX[ (sjj Kjjp vj`cus tarcimcsbs) Ky`dibe ictbc` (sjj Uderui, ictbc` ch ) Kyshuètbc` (sjj Ucidtbe kyshuètbc kyshuètbc`) `) Kysij`crrajd 41;, 5<= Kyspadgbd 48<

Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472

Jtaicbk 4:5, =4: Jxtj`sbc`/hojxbc` Ejrvbedo == Erd`bcsderdo (sjj Ouimdr :< [acrdebe 5;

Erd`bcsderdo ) )

Jxtj`scr edrpb rdkbdobs mrjvbs 54< Jxtj`scr edrpb rdkbdobs oc`gus 54< Jxtj`scr edrpb uo`drbs 54< Jxtj`scr kbgbtb ib`bib 54< Jxtj`scr kbgbtcrui 54< Jxtj`scr kbgbtcrui mrjvbs 547 Jxtj`scr kbgbtcrui oc`gus 54: Jxtj`scr adoouebs mrjvbs 547 Jxtj`scr adoouebs oc`gus 54: Jxtj`scr b`kbebs 54< Jxtj`scr pcoobebs mrjvbs =1<, 54< Jxtj`scr pcoobebs oc`gus =1<, 54< Jxtrjibtbjs Oyipadtbe puip (ch Wdojs) =48 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472 (sjj dosc Zppjr jxtrjibty d`k Ocwjr

jxtrjibty )

























Ictbc` ch 45= Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 45= (sjj dosc abp)

Hjrgusc`'s d`goj :4 Hjvjr 41=, 5<< Hbmrcbk (sjj Ztjrb`j, hbmrcid) Hbmrcsbs B` scidtbe kyshuètbc` 4, 5

Hrdeturj 44, :4, 44;, 4;4, 485, 41=, =:8, =7<, 5<4-5<; (sjj dosc spjebhbe mc`j) Hrczj` sacuokjr sy`krcij 445 Hryjttj's Odws 5-:, 5;, 87 Huètbc`do Ojg oj`gta (sjj Ojg oj`gta) Upb`do eurvj 87

Hbmuod 454 Eciic` pjrc`jdo `jrvj & hbmuodr ajdk 457 Ictbc` ch 455-45; Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 458 [rjdtij`t ch =;1

Hb`njostjb` tjst =1< Hbssurj, supjrbcr crmbtdo 48< Hodeebk B` earc`be scidtbe kyshuètbc` 5

Hojxbc`/jxtj`sbc` Ejrvbedo == Erd`bcsderdo (sjj Erd`bcsderdo) Ouimdr :< [acrdebe 5;

Hojxbc` ec`trdeturj ch taj bobcpscds (sjj \scds sy`krcij) Hojxbc` tjst Ujdtjk 12-2=, =1= Utd`kb`g 15-17, =1=

Hojxcr edrpb rdkbdobs 5<2 Hojxcr edrpb uo`drbs 5<2 Hojxcr kbgbtcrui mrjvbs 547

Gdbt Dxjs ch 1= Wdkkob`g b` spc`kyocobstajsbs :8

Gdomrjdta's tjea`bquj =48 Gdoomodkkjr B` vbsejrc-scidtbe rjhojxjs 47: \drdsyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 471 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472

Gd`gobd Ejrvbedo 415 Kcrsdo rcct ;1 \drdsyipdtajtbe Ebobdry 471 Ctbe 471 Upaj`cpdodtb`j 471 [jea`bquj 415, 5<<

























Gcmojt ejoos 414, 5<< Gcohjrs jomcw (sjj Ijkbdo jpbec`kyobtbs) Gcogb tj`kc` crgd`s =57, =:: Grdebobs iuseoj 54;

@jrvjs 45: B` secobcsbs 7< Uerjj`b`g tjsts ch 415, =1:, =18 Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 45;

Abp krcp tjst =14 Acspbtdobzjk pdtbj`ts d`k CI[ 44 Auijrus 4<5, 445, 44: Hrdeturj 44;

Adidtj mc`j 44: Adistrb`gs 454, 45:, =14 [bgat`jss ch :8, 1; (sjj dosc b`kbvbkudo iuseojs)

Ad`k D`dtciy 44; 44; Mocck suppoy 4<1 Kjhcribtbjs 4=< Fcb`ts 44: Iuseojs 44: Uj`sdtbc` 5<8

AXOD (sjj Abga vjocebty, ocw dipobtukj) Aycbk =48 Aypjrdmkuetbc` Aypjrdmkuetb c` tjst (sjj Aypjrjxtj`sbc` tjst) Aypjrjxtj`sbc` tjst 44=, =71 Aypjrtj`sbc` Oyipadtbe jhhjets =4;

Aypcdomuib`jibd Oyipadtbe jhhjets =4;

Aypcgocssdo ed`do 48<

Ajdk d`k `jen Oyipadtbe krdb`dgj =44 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 47<

Ajdkdeaj 485 Ajdrb`g ocss 48< Ajdrt Dutc`cibe jhhjets jhhjets c` 477 Hdbourj (sjj Ec`gjstbvj ajdrt hdbourj) Oyipadtbe krdb`dgj =44

Bej := Bkbcpdtabe Bkbcpdtab e secobcsbs 82 Bojus \rjvj`tbc` trjdtij`t 41=, 5<4

























B`hrdspb`dtus iuseoj 4<7, 5<7 B`hrdspb`dtus Bàbmbtbc` (sjj ]jebprcedo bàbmbtbc`, cr \drdspb`do bàbmbtbc`) Bàjrj`t ]aytaibe icvjij`t ch mrdb` d`k spb`do ecrk 4:4

B``cib`dtj D`dtciy 72 Dxbs 1=, 15 Mc`js 72 Ictbc` ch 14 Iuseoj j`jrgy =;8 ]ctdtbc` b` secobcsbs 7< Uerjj`b`g tjsts (sjj Hojxbc`

Nbk`jy Dutc`cibe jhhjets c` 477 Eadpid`'s pcb`t 425 \drdsyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 471 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472 (Ujj dosc Gj`btcurb`dry)

tjsts cr DUBU

eciprjssbc` tjst) Ucidtbe kyshuètbc` 15-17 [rjdtij`ts =;8 (sjj dosc \jovbs )

B`tjredrpdo fcb`ts 44: B`tjrecstdo iuseojs 5: B`tjr`jurc`s B`tjr`jurc` s 475 Uj`sbtbzjk 47;, 47:

B`tjrcssb iuseojs Hcct 547 Ad`k 544

B`tjrpadod`gjdo fcb`ts44:, 4=< B`tjrstbtbdo houbk =4; B`tjrvjrtjmrdo kbses Ajr`bdtjk (sjj @ueojus puopcsus) Ouimdr ;1, :<, :5

B`tjrvjrtjmrdo hcrdij` (sjj Hcrdij`,

Nbrnsvbooj Nruèa [acrdebe spb`j =:2-=84 ]bm =8=

Nouipnj's pdosy 44; N`jj D`dtciy 454 Kjhcribty 458 Jxdib`dtbc` =17-=12 Fcb`ts ch 45= Obgdij`ts 45=, =17 Ij`bseb 45=, =17, =11 Ictbc` ch 455 Iuseojs 454

N`cenjk-N`jjk 458 N`cenjk-N`jjk Nc`stdèb` jxjrebsjs 7< Nuphhjr ejoos =48



























Obht tajrdpy (sjj sacrt ojg sy`krcij) Obgdij`ts Dodr =4 D`noj 4;<-4;4 D`tjrbcr eruebdtj 45=, =17, =11 D`tjrbcr tdochbmuodr 4;<, =4;, =2< Edoed`chbmuodr 4;< Edoed`jc`dvbeuodr 4;< Edpbtus hjicrbs 45= Ejrvbedo =4 Kjotcbk 4;4 Hbmuodr ecoodtjrdo (odtjrdo ecoodtjrdo) 455, =12 Bobchjicrdo 45= Bobcouimdr 1< Utrjss d`k 7<, 1< B`fury 451 Bseabdohjicrdo 45= Odtjrdo ecoodtjrdo (n`jj) 455, =12 Obgdij`tui hodvui :; Ijkbdo ecoodtjrdo (n`jj) 455, 451, =12

Ouimdr spb`j ;1 D`dtciy ;1 D`dtcibedo vdrbdtbc`s ;2 Ecu`tjrstrdb` =5< Kbses ;1 Ajr`bdtjk (sjj @ueojus puopcsus , ajr`bdtjk) Jhhjet c` pscds ;2,:= Jhhjet c` sderui (sjj Ouimdr spb`j , ruojs ch O: Jxdib`dtbc` 8, =1= Hdejt fcb`ts 7, ;2, :; Hb`kb`gs b` secobcsbs 7< Ajr`bdtjk kbses (sjj @ueojus puopcsus , ajr`bdtjk) AXOD ch =8=-=8; B`tjrvjrtjmrdo hcrdij` ;1, :; Odib`d :< Obgdij`ts ch ;1 Id`bpuodtbc`44 Id`bpuodtbc`4 4 (sjj dosc spjebhbe trjdtij`t typjs) Ictbc` ch :<

























Oyipadtbe trjdtij`t 44, 4<1, 41=, =4:-=47 Ec`trdb`kbedtbc`s =47 B`kbedtbc`s =47 Ujqujèb`g =48

Idg`jtbe rjsc`dèj bidgb`g :; Id`bpuodtbc` Id`bpuodtb c` (sjj spjebhbe trjdtij`ts) Ijdtus, b`tjr`do decustbe 48< Ijead`bes, spb`do (sjj Ejrvbedo ictbc` ch, Hryjttj's odws d`k spjebhbe spb`j drjds) Ijkbdo jpbec`kyobtbs 4=<

Ocwjr jxtrjibtbjs =;1 Ouimdr spb`j :=, =;; \rbèbpojs =57 \rcejkurj =52 \umbe sajdrs =;7 ]bm kyshuètbc`s =;= Uderui =;< Upjèjr tjea`bqujs (ecimb`jk wbta) =7< [acrdebe spb`j =;< [rjdtij`t typj 4< [ypjs ch Ercssjk jxtj`scr rjhojx =51 Fcb`t icmbobzdtbc` usb`g hcrej =51 Ceuocejadocgyrbe rjhojx =51 \cst-bscijtrbe rjodxdtbc` =57 ]jebprcedo bàbmbtbc` =51 ]jspbrdtcry dssbstdèj =51 Zppjr jxtrjibtbjs =;7

Iuseuodr kystrcpay (sjj Kueaj``j's Iuseuodr kystrcpay)

























[ru`ns 4<2 Zppjr jxtrjibty 4<2 Xbsejrdo dhhjrj`t/jhhjrj`t (sjj

Cstjcpdtabe Id`bpuodtbvj [rjdtij`t Xbsejrdo

dhhjrj`t/jhhjrj`t) (Ujj dosc spjebhbe `jrvjs)

@jurcocgbe jxdi 5<:-547 @jurcocgbe @jurc`s, sj`sbtbzjk (sjj B`tjr`jurc B`tjr`jurc`s) `s) @jurcvdseuodr j`trdpij`t (sjj [acrdebe cutojt sy`krcij) @bppoj 5; @cebcejptbc` @cebcejptbc ` 47: @c`-stjrcbkdo @c`-stjrcbk do d`tb-b`hodi d`tb-b`hodiidtcry idtcry ijkbedtbc`s :; @ueojus puopcsus Ajr`bdtjk :4, :5, =:8, =:7

@uim`jss (sjj \drjstajsbds) @utdtbc` (sjj Erd`bcsderdo, jxtj`sbc`)

Detbvj 2, 4< Dutc`cibe jhhjets 414-41;, 414-41;, 5<<-5<= Eacbej ch 44 Kbrjet 2, 4< Kcsdgj 44 Hrjqujèy 44 B`kbedtbc`s d`k ec`trdb`kbedtbc`s (sjj spjebhbe trjdtij`t typjs) B`kbrjet 2, 4< B`tjrvdos mjtwjj` trjdtij`ts 44 Oyipadtbe jhhjets =4: Ijead`bsis (sjj spjebhbe trjdtij`t typjs) \dssbvj 2,4< Ujqujèb`g 44, =: [rjdtij`t pod` 44 [ypjs ch 4< Xbsejrdo jhhjets 414-41; (sjj dosc spjebhbe trjdtij`t typjs d`k spjebhbe kbscrkjrs/b`furbjs)

























\drdoysbs, b` edukd jqub`d sy`krcij :1 \drdspb`do bàbmbtbc` bàbmbtbc` 41=, 5<4 \drdsyipdtajtbe `jrvcus systji Njy ecèjpts 41< [rjdtij`t 415-41;, 5<<-5<= Xbsejrdo b``jrvdtbc` 471 Xs. syipdtajtbe 477

\drdvjrtjmrdo iuseoj spdsis =: \drjstajsbd B` edrpdo tu``jo sy`krcij 442 B` ejrvbedo stj`csbs =: B` ajr`bdtjk kbses :5 B` ouimdr stj`csbs :; B` tacrdebe cutojt sy`krcij 444

\drbjtdo mc`j 48=, =4: \drs b`tjrdrtbeuodrbs kjhjet(sjj Upc`kyocoysbs> spc`kyocobstajsbs) \dssbvj vs. Detbvj (sjj Ictbc` d`k

\jrbstdosbs ch oyipadtbes =4= \jrc`jdo `jrvj 457, 54:, 547 J`trdpij`t 457

\jrc`jus iuseoj Mrjvbs 54: Oc`gus 54: [jrtbus 54:

\adoj`'s tjst 442, =1< \arj`be `jrvj 5: \aysbedo tajrdpy B` spb`do stj`csbs :; B` secobcsbs 7<

\aysbcocgbe mdrrbjr (sjj mdrrbjrs) \aysbcocgbe \aysbcocgbe ictbc` Ejrvbedo spb`j == B``cib`dtj 14 Ouimdr spb`j 5-:, :< (sjj dosc Hryjttj's odws) \jovbs 14

























\rc`dtbc` Ch hcct 45;, 4;4 Ch hcrjdri 44:, 441, =;7

\rc`dtcr qudkrdtus iuseoj 5<2 \rc`dtcr tjrjs iuseoj 5<2 \rcstdtj Edèjr (sjj Edèjr, prcstdtj) \drdsyipdtajtbe \drdsyipdtajt be b``jrvdtbc` 471 Uyipdtajtbe b``jrvdtbc` 472

\UBU 81 B` hojxbc` tjsts =1= B` b``cib`dtj kbdg`csbs 15-18

\scds iuseoj := \scds sy`krcij := Ecu`tjrstrdb` ==7 Jxdib`dtbc` := B` secobcsbs 82 Njy scidtbe kyshuètbc` ;2, := Crgd`be edusjs :=

]dkbdo grccvj 4<1 ]dkbdo ajdk Kyshuètbc` 441 [rjdtij`t ch =;7 Ictbc` 441

]dkbdo `jrvj 4<1, 44;, 5<1, 54< B`fury 44;

]dkbeuocpdtay Ejrvbedo ==, =:, =77 Ouimdr :5, :; (sjj dosc @jrvj rcct)

]dkbcgrdpas (sjj Q-rdys) ]dkbcgrdpas ]dkbus 44: Ictbc` ch (sjj ]dkbdo ajdk, ictbc`) ]d`gj ch ictbc` B` scidtbe kyshuètbc` 4, =, 47:

]dttojs`dnj pcbsc`b`g =4; ]jebprcedo bàbmbtbc` (sjj Iuseoj j`jrgy,



























]jvjrsj padoj`'s tjst =1< ]ajuidtcbk drtarbtbs (sjj Drtarbtbs) ]bm auip 81 ]bm rdbsb`g 414, =48, =74, 5<< ]bms D`dtciy 5:

Udercbobde fcb`t 72, =15 Ictbc` dssjssij`t =15, =18

Udercbobde scidtbe kyshuètbc` kyshuètbc`(sjj (sjj Uderui, scidtbe kyshuètbc` kyshuètbc`)) Uderui D`dtciy 72

























Ijdsurb`g 82 @dib`g 87 ]jspbrdtcry huètbc` d`k 82 Uerjj`b`g 81 Ujvjrbty 82 Utrueturdo 81 [rjdtij`t 7<

[bssuj tjxturj ead`gjs b` scidtbe kyshuètbc` =

Uijoo 48< Ucoj obht (sjj Uacrt ojg sy`krcij, ajjo obht gubkjob`js) Ucojus iuseoj 548 Ucidtbe kyshuètbc`

























Upc`kyocsbs :: Upc`td`jcus Upc`td`jc us rjojdsj my pcsbtbc`b`g (sjj Ecu`tjrstrdb`) Uprdb` D`noj 4;4 Kjgrjjs ch 451

Uuprdspb`dtus tj`kc`btbs 44= Uuprdvj`trbeuodr Uuprdvj`trbeu odr tdeaydrraytaibds 47:, 42: Uurgjry B` edukd jqub`d sy`krcij :1 B` ecipdrtij`t sy`krcij 451 B` ajr`bdtjk kbses :; B` secobcsbs 7<

























Ouimdr spb`j =14 N`jj =17-=12 Uderui =1=-=1: Uacuokjr =71-=72 Wrbst =72-=1< (sjj dosc spjebhbe `dijs ch tjsts)

[acids tjst ;2, :=, =18

[c`j Iuseoj b` deutj d`k earc`be scidtbe kyshuètbc` 5 ]jetdo :1

[crsbc`s (sjj Uderui d`k Erd`bcsderdo) [crtbecoobs =4 [rd`sbtbc` [rd` sbtbc` zc`js (sjj Hdsebd, pdttjr`s)

























Zo`dr drtjry 4<1, =72 Zo`dr `jrvj 4<2, 44:, 5<2, 544 J`trdpij`t dt taj jomcw =1<

Zotrdscu`k 42: Zimbobeus 5;, ;2, 18 Zèb`dtj prcejss =4 (sjj dosc Ouseand, fcb`ts

[acrdebe d`k Ouimdr (sjj Hryjttj's Odws) Z`bt 8 Jvdoudtbc` ch 8

Xjrtbedo strdb` (sjj Erd`bcsderdo) Xjrtbedo Xjrtbgc 48<, 485, =77 Xjstbmuodr Xjstb muodr kyshuètbc` (sjj Kbzzb`jss d`k Xjrtbgc)



























OMT REVIEW 4th Edition: A comprehensive review in Osteopathic Medicine

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