olevel- Energy Changes

kchockk}och*}kua{}ek#eaj

A Bkvkb Enkjouw}y

KCK]H_ ENLCHKU

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Kcwnlbpy9 Wnk wawlb kck}hy eacwkcw af l u{muwlcek g{k wa owu pnyuoelb uwlwk lcg ocwk}clb uw}{ew{}k ou kcwnlbpy# Ow ou gkcawkg my „N‟ a} uajkwojku my „K‟# Enlchk oc kcwnlbpy ou gkcawkg my „ ∆‟#

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P}aekuuku oc l Enkjoelb ]klewoac9 Wnk xa}g „p}aekuu‟ avk} nk}k jklcu l pl}w af l uochbk }klewoac# Wnk}k l}k wxa p}aekuuku oc l enkjoelb }klewoac" oc hkck}lb# <# Wnk p}aekuu oc xnoen wnk enkjoelb macgu l}k m}adkc" lcg wnou elbbkg lc ‒kck}hy lmua}pwoac p}aekuu‚# =# Ukeacg p}aekuu oceb{gku wnk fa}jlwoac af ckx macgu lcg ow ou dcaxc lu ‒kck}hy }kbkluoch p}aekuu‚# •

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Nohn kck}hy pl}woebku elccaw }kjloc wahkwnk}" ua wnky nlvk wa m}kld" i{uw lu oc .
K~awnk}joe lcg Kcgawnk}joe ]klewoacu9 o# K~awnk}joe }klewoacu9 Wnkuk l}k wnk }klewoacu oc xnoen kck}hy .{u{lbby oc wnk fa}j af nklw/ ou }kbklukg# oo# Kcgawnk}joe }klewoacu9 Wnkuk l}k wnk }klewoacu oc xnoen kck}hy .{u{lbby oc wnk fa}j af nklw/ ou lmua}mkg#

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Kck}hy P}afobku9

Foh{}k < K~awnk}joe ]klewoac

Foh{}k = Kcgawnk}joe ]klewoac

kchockk}och*}kua{}ek#eaj

Kck}hy Enlchku

.l/ Lewovlwoac Kck}hy" K L .m/ Kck}hy enlchk mkwxkkc {cuwlmbk uwlwk lcg wnk P}ag{ewu .Uwlmbk uwlwk/# .e/ Kcwnlbpy a} kck}hy enlchk af }klewoac# •

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Cawk9 Oc k~awnk}joe }klewoacu" kcwnlbpy af }klewlcwu ou hkck}lbby h}klwk} wnlc wnauk af p}ag{ewu# M{w" oc kcgawnk}joe }klewoacu" kcwnlbpoku af p}ag{ewu l}k hkck}lbby h}klwk} wnlc wnauk af }klewlcwu#

Lewovlwoac Kck}hy9 Wnk jocoj{j kck}hy }k|{o}kg wa ocowolwk l enkjoelb }klewoac ou elbbkg lu lewovlwoac kck}hy#

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Macg Kck}hy9 Wnk kck}hy }k|{o}kg wa m}kld ack jabk af l upkeofoe macg ou elbbkg ‒macg kck}hy‚# Ow ou k~p}kuukg oc dI!jab# Wnk uljk lja{cw af kck}hy ou }kbklukg xnkc ack jabk af wnk uljk macg ou fa}jkg lhloc# •

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Cawk9 Wnk macg kck}hy a} macg kcwnlbpy wk}ju l}k afwkc {ukg fa} „eavlbkcw‟ macgu lcg caw fa} „oacoe‟ macgu#

Uohc eacvkcwoac af Kcwnlbpy enlchk9 Of wnk kcwnlbpy enlchk ou oc wk}ju af }kbkluk af kck}hy" wnkc ow ou hovkc l ckhlwovk uohc# M{w xnkc wnk kck}hy ou lmua}mkg oc l }klewoac" ow ou hovkc l pauowovk uohc# .Kcgawnk}joe ]klewoac/ ∆ : ∝ .K~awnk}joe ]klewoac/ ∆ : $

<# [uoch wnk macg kck}hoku hovkc oc wnk wlmbk" elbe{blwk wnk k~pkewkg kck}hy enlchk fa} wnk fabbaxoch }klewoac# =N= $ A=

=N=A

Macg

Macg Kck}hoku .dI!jab/

N∝N

756

N∝A

767

A:A

7?8

Wnk hovkc k|{lwoac elc mk x}owwkc lu9 =.N∝N/ $ .A:A/ ∝= ~ =.N∝A/ ∆ : $=.756/ $ =.7?8/ ― 7.767/ : ∝7>8 dI .caw pk} jabk" k~awnk}joe }klewoac/ P}kpl}kg my J}# Ullg Nljkkg .J#Ue# Enkjouw}y" wklenk} lw Mkleacna{uk Uenaab Blna}k" Pldouwlc/