Ae÷g Ae ÷gtt Ql Qlirê irênu nuez ez Mufeb Ngrdêg
¼^ogt `s Gqwg<
Gqwg `s g slhtwgre slhtwgre `bdfuiei `bdfuiei `b Gbsys @s gb ebn`beer`bn ebn`beer `bn tllfset ies`nbei tl s`jufgte toe ehhedts lh wgve, wgve, w`bi gbi durrebt lb alto hflgt`bn gbi h`xei lhhsolre strudtures Yoe Oyirliybgj`d I`hhrgdt`lb tllf ebgafes toe ieveflp`bn lh toe pr`jgry oyirliybgj oyirliybgj`d `d pgrgjeters requ`rei hlr toe gbgfys`s lh jlt`lbs gbi resplbses @t `s gfsl plss`afe tl nebergte pressure gbi `bert`gf flgi`bn Yoe purplse lh to`s wlrc `s tl nu`ie bew users torlunolut toe`r h`rst steps lh toe fegrb`bn lh toe prlnrgj
Jliufes
Gqw Gqwg F`be `be
Gqwg Gqwg Nrgpo` Nrgpo`dg dgff Tuperv`slr Tuperv`slr
Nrgpo`dgf Tuperv`slr
Gqwg^gve
Qenufgr wgves
Ttrudturgf HEJ gbgfys`s
Gqwg^lrcaebdo
Usei tl dregte gb efejebt agsei jlief hrlj neljetry ieh`bei `b Gbsys Ies`nb Jliefer, Jliefer, gppfy GW^G W^G sped`h`d `bput gbi v`ew resufts @t `s toe lbe gbgfyzei `b to`s nu`ie
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
Gqwg ^lrcaebdo lrcaebd o (GW^G (GW^G^A) requ`res g neljetry neljetry huffy dljpgt`afe dljpgt`afe w`to toe prlnrgj Hlr togt togt purplse, slje lpergt`lbs lpergt`lbs w`ff ae dgrr`ei dgrr`e i lut `b toe Gbsys ^lrcaebdo (il blt dlbhuse w`to Gqwgwa) Gqwgwa) Lpeb Gbsys ^lrcaebdo @b Gbsys ^lrcaebdo, lrcaebdo, sefedt sefe dt ‖Neljetry‚ ‖Neljetr y‚ `b ‖Dljplbebt ‖Dljpl bebt Tystejs‚ Tystejs‚ lh toe ‖Yllfalx‚ ‖Yllfalx‚
Yogt w`ff lpeb g bew alx w`to gb ejpty neljetry. Iluafe-df`dc`bn lb toe quest`lb jgrc w`ff lpeb toe toe Gbsys Ies`nb Jliefer Jliefer (IJ)
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
Lbde `b toe IJ, gbi ghter sefedt`bn toe ub`ts tl wlrc w`to, toere gre twl lpt`lbs=
G) @jplrt g neljetry gfregiy dregtei w`to g DGI prlnrgj A) Dregte g neljetry w`to toe IJ
Lbde togt `s ilbe, slje lpergt`lbs gre beeiei `b toe IJ `b lrier tl jgce toe neljetry neljetr y dljpgt`afe w`to GW^ GW^G G^A Must hlr ags`d tutlr`gf tutlr`gf purplses, toe dregt`lb lh g s`jpfe dyf`bier `b toe IJ `s ar`ehfy ar `ehfy expfg`bei oere
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
IJ DGI tllf `s s`jpfe, aut w`to g f`ttfe extrg wlrc, s`jpfejei`uj neljetr`es dgb ae dregtei
Hlrr fegrb`bn Hl fegr b`bn purplses, g neber`d neber `d dyf`bier‐ dyf` bier‐ss dregt`lb w`ff ae
expfg`bei. Fgter, w`to exper`ebde, slje tr`dcs dgb ae usei tl jgce `t qu`dcer toe hufh`ffjebt lh toe suasequebt dljpgt`a`f`ty dlbi`t`lbs Yoe dyf`bier `s pretebiei tl ae g vert`dgf lhhsolre eberny systej
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
^`ff ae dregtei g dyf`bier w`to toe _ gx`s ae`bn toe flbn`tui`bgf lbe BLYE= I`redtfy dregt`bn g dyf`bier w`to toe ] gx`s ae`bn toe flbn`tui`bgf flbn `tui`bgf lbe wlufi jgce toe wlrc egs`er, aut hlr fegrb`bn purplses oere `s ies`nbei `b gbltoer wgy
Yoe dogrgdter`st`ds gre SJCTZ=
Febnto= 75 I`gjeter= 9 Dyf`bier iebs`ty= 8;; ^gter iebs`ty= iebs` ty= 7;1?
Tl, w`to ags`d hfu`i's toelry (blt expfg`bei oere)=
Irght= ?.>5
SIrght:Febnto*(χdyf/χwgt)Z
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
IJ ogs toree jg`b w`bilws=
Nrgpo`ds Yree Lutf`be Lut f`be Ietg`fs v`ew
tree lutf`be nrgpo`ds
@b toe tree lutf`be, `s `jplrtgbt tl rejgrc togt toere gre twl tgas=
tllf agrs
Tcetdo`bn Jlief`bn
ietg`f‐s v`ew
@b toe upper pgrt toere gre slje tllf agrs wo`do `bdfuie h`fe jgbgnejebt, sefedt`lb, v`ew`bn gbi lpergt`lbs `dlbs
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
BLYE= IJ‐s IJ‐s use `s blt toe g`j lh to`s tutlr`gf tutlr `gf sl must g ar`ehfy nu`ie lh steps `s dgrr`ei dgrr `ei lut oere.
Gbywgy, bl prlafejs solufi gr`se s`bde toe neljetry `s very s`jpfe. Hlr hurtoer expfgbgt`lb doedc IJ tutlr`gfs
`dl b lh toe tllf‐s tllf‐s agr bgje ‖Bew Tefedt P][fgbe gbi df`dc `b toe afue `dlb
scetdo‚ @t `s `jplrtgbt tl ubierstgbi togt every pfgbe, aliy… gfwgys ogs g
afue grrlw grrlw pl`bt`bn `ts blrjgf i`redt`lb df`d c `b toe ‖Tcetdo`bn‚ Tcetdo7 w`ff w `ff gppegr `b P][fgbe. Tefedt `t gbi df`dc
tga lh toe ‖Yree ‖Yree lutf`be‚ Tefedt ‖D`rdfe‚ gbi df`dc lb toe dllri`bgte lr`n`b lr `n`b
Jlve Jlve toe jluse gbi df`dc df` dc tl sefedt s efedt `ts i`gjeter (sefedt g rgbilj lbe)
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
@b toe ‖Tcetdo`bn‚ ‖Tcetdo`bn ‚ tga, tga, aeflw aeflw gff toe irg ir gw`bns (f`be, d`rdfe, eff`pse…), df`dc lb i`jebs`lbs Tefedt ‖I`gjeter‚ gbi df`dc lb toe dregtei d`rdfe @b ‖Ietg`fs X`ew‚ w`bilw set I7 tl 9 @b toe tllf‐s agr df`dc lb toe ‖Nebergte‚ `dlb (g yefflw toubier)
`b lrier tl `btenrgte `btenr gte toe bew scetdo `b toe neljetry
Df`dc lb toe ‖Extruie‚ `dlb lh toe tllf‐s agr Extruie7 solufi gppegr `b toe ‖Yree Lutf`be‚ @b ‖Ietg`f‐s v`ew‚ w`bilw df`dc lb toe alx wo`do `s tl toe r`not lh ‖Agse Lamedt‚
7. Dregt`bn toe neljetry
Tefedt ‖Tcetdo7‚ e`toer `b toe ‖Yree Lutf`be‚ lr i`redtfy `b toe ‖Nrgpo`ds‚ ‖Nrgpo` ds‚ w`bilw, w`bilw, gbi df`dc df`dc ‖Gppfy‚ @b ‖HI7, Iepto (2;)‚ `bput 75 Df`dc lb ‖Nebergte‚ ‖Nebergte‚
^`to to`s, toe dregt`lb lh toe dyf`bier `s dljpfetei ^e dlufi ogve gfsl regdoei to`s pl`bt `jplrt`bn g DGI neljetry= H`fe/@jplrt Exterbgf Neljetry H`fe… Blw, toe dljpgt`a`f`ty requ`rejebt‐s hufh`ffjebt w`ff ae
expfg`bei
BLYE= @t wlufi ogve aeeb aetter tl dogbne, `b ‖I`redt`lb‚, ‖I`redt`lb‚, hrlj ‖Blrjgf‚ tl ‖Alto — Gsyjjetr`d‚
gbi set toe vgfues togt jgce i`redtfy toe _P[fgbe dl`bd`iebt w`to Nflagf ^gter Gx`s
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
Qequ`rejebts=
Lbfy F`bes gbi Turhgdes gre prldessei (blt Ali`es) Turhgdes just ogve ogve blrjgfs blr jgfs pl`bt`bn lutwgris Yoe jlief `s lr`ebtei ] gx`s vert`dgf up Yoe jlief ogs tl ae spf`t gt toe wgter f`be Egdo strudture solufi ae g pgrt
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
Yoe strudture `s g Aliy. @t dgb ae fllcei `b ‖Yree Lutf`be‚, togt aeflw ‚7 [grt, 7 Aliy‚ toere `s lbe ‖Tlf`i‚ @t ogs tl ae g surhgde. Hlr to`s purplse, sefedt ‖Yo`b/Turhgde‚ lh toe tllf‐s agr ‖Yo`b7‚ solufi gppegr `b ‖Yree Lutf`be‚ @b ‖Ietg`fs ‖Ietg `fs X`ew‚, `b ‖Tefedt`lb ‖Tefedt `lb Yype‚ sefedt sef edt ‖Ali`es ‖Ali`e s Lbfy‚ Df`dc lb toe alx tl toe r`not lh ‖Neljetry‚ gbi toeb lb toe Aliy. Yoeb df`dc ‖Gppfy‚ @b ‖HI7, Yo`dcbess (2:;)‚ `bput ; gbi df`dc lb ‖Nebergte‚ ‖Nebergte‚ Blw, `b ‚7 [grt, 7 Aliy‚ toere `s lbe ‖Turhgde Aliy‚ BLYE= @h ylu dregte gb lpergt`lb, `.e. ‖Yo`b7‚, gbi toeb ylu iefete `t, woeb dregt`bn g bew lbe, `ts bgje wlufi ae ‖Yo`b1‚ eveb `h blw toere `s bl ‖Yo`b7‚
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
Ttrudture‐s flbn`tui`bgf gx`s just ae lb toe ] gx`s
Hlr togt togt purplse g rltgt`lb gbi g trgbsfgt`lb just ae dgrr`ei lut. Yo`s `s ilbe v`g ‖Aliy Lpergt`lb‚
Df`dc lb Dregte/Aliy Lpergt`lb
AliyLp7 solufi gppegr `b toe ‖Yree Lutf`be‚ @b ‖Ietg`fs X`ew‚, `b type sefedt ‖Qltgte‚ @b ‖Ali`es‚ sefedt lur aliy f`ce ilbe prev`lusfy @b ‖Gx`s Ieh`b`t`lb‚ sefedt ‖Dljplbebts‚
Yoe rltgt`lb rltgt` lb gx`s gx` s `s P, gbi toe requ`rei re qu`rei gbnfe `s 0;½, 0;½, sl `b toe dljplbebts put ;, 7 gbi ;. Gbi toe gbnfe 0;½
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
Blw, Blw, toe trgbsfgt`lb trgbs fgt`lb `s requ`rei GW^G W^G^A requ`res requ`res togt toe irght irght f`be `s gt toe h`xei reherebde gx`s. _P[fgbe w`ff gfwgys gfwgys ae toe irght irght f`be T`bde lur strudture ogs g febnto lh 75 gbi g irght lh ?.>5, toe strudture ogs tl ae trgbsfgtei 8.15 ub`ts `b toe ]+ gx`s (:75?.>5) Tl, g bew pfgbe `s requ`rei `b lrier tl jgce toe lpergt`lb Df`dc lb Dregte/Bew Dregte/Bew [fgbe
[fgbe9 solufi gppegr `b toe ‖Yree ‖Yree Lutf`be‚
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
@b ‖Ietg`f ‖Ietg`f‐‐s X`ew‚, sefedt sefedt ‖_P[fgbe‚ gs Agse [fgbe, `b ‖Yrgbshlr ‖Yrgbshlrj7 j7 (QAI)‚ Tefedt ‖Lhhset ]‚ gbi `bput 8.15 gs g vgfue BLYE=Yoe `bterbgt`lbgf vers`lb lh toe prlnrgj uses dljjg S,Z gbi blt per`li per `li S.Z gs ied`jgf sepgrgtlr, sl `bput `bp ut ‖8,15‚
Df`dc lb ‖Nebergte‚ tl prldeei
Blw, Blw, perhlrj perhlr j g bew ‖Aliy Lpergt`lb‚, Lper gt`lb‚, ‖AliyLp5‚, lh type ‖Jlve‚, ‖Jlve‚, woere toe slurde slurd e pfgbe `s ‖_P[fgbe‚ gbi iest`bgt`lb pfgbe `s ‖[fgbe9‚
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
^oeb df`dc`bn `b ‖ _P[fgbe‚ gbi rltgt`bn toe v`ew, w`ff ae egsy tl
see toe olw toe irght f`be nles torluno toe r`not pfgde Blw, toe surhgde just ae spf`t gt toe irght f`be Hlr togt purplse, `t `s requ`rei tl hreeze gbi toeb spf`t toe
strudture. str udture. Yo`s `s usei u sei w`to w`to ‖Hreeze‚ gbi ‖Tf`de‚
H`rst, H`rst, df`dc df` dc lb Yllfs/Hreeze llfs/Hree ze Yoeb, df`dc lb Dregte/Tf`de
Tf`de7 solufi gppegr `b ‖Yree Lutf`be‚
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
Tefedt ‖_P[fgbe‚ gs agse pfgbe gbi nebergte Ghter to`s, ‖1 [grts/ 1 Ali`es‚ gppegr `b ‖Yree Lutf`be‚ w`to 1 ‖Turhgde Aliy‚-s aeflw `t
Lbe lh toe requ`rejebts `s togt toe strudture ogs tl ae g s`bnfe pgrt. @b lrier tl gdo`eve to`s, olfi toe dlbtrlf cey wo`fe df`dc`bn lb alto ‖Turhgde Aliy‚-s
Hree dlbtrlf cey, r`not-df`dc lb toe sefedt`lb gbi sefedt ‖H ‖Hlrj lrj Bew [grt‚
Yo`s dljpfetes toe prldeiure. Yoe strudture `s regiy
1. Nebergf jlief`bn requ`rejebts
Yoere gre twl dlbdepts tl ubierstgbi=
Lbe to`bn `s sgv`bn toe wlrc lh toe `bterhgde. @t `s ilbe `b toe IJ= H`fe/Tgve [rlmedt, lr i`redtfy `b toe Gbsys^lrcaebdo= H`fe/Tgve (.wapm) Aut toe h`fe `jplrtei ay GW^G^A ogs gbltoer extebs`lb (.gnia). @t `s explrtei hrlj toe IJ ay df`dc`bn lb H`fe/Explrt…
Yoe .gnia h`fe `s toe lbe tl `jplrt hrlj GW^G W^G^A
Tet `ts `t s bgje= bg je= ‖gqwgwanu`ie7‚ ‖gqwgwanu`ie7‚
4. @jplr @jplrt`bn t`bn toe neljetr neljetryy
Lpeb Lpeb GW^G GW^G^A GW^G^A ogs toree jg`b w`bilws=
Nrgpo`ds Lutf`be Ietg`fs Lutput
lutf`be
ietg`fs
tllf‐s agrs
nrgpo`ds
lutput
@b toe upper pgrt toere gre slje tllf agrs wo`do `bdfuie h`fe jgbgnejebt, sefedt`lb, v`ew`bn gbi lpergt`lbs `dlbs
4. @jplr @jplrt`bn t`bn toe neljetr neljetryy
Hlr `jplrt`bn toe neljetry r`not- df`dc lb ‖Neljetry‚ gbi sefedt
‖@bsert Neljetry‚ gbi ‖Hrlj H`fe…‚
@jplrt ‖gqwgwanu`ie.gnia ‚ hrlj woere ylu sgvei `t
Ghter slje t`je toe agr w`ff regdo toe 7;;% gbi `h toere `s bl errlr
toe neljetry solufi gppegr very sjgff `b toe ‖Nrgpo`ds‚ w`bilw Yoere gre toree efejebts `b toe ‖Nrgpo`ds‚ w`bilw= w`bilw= G a`n igrc-nrey squgre (toe alttlj lh toe seg) G very sjgff dyf`bier (toe strudture) G a`n f`not-nrey squgre i`v`i`bn toe dyf`bier (toe wgter f`be) Hlr v`ew`bn purplses, df`dc lb ‖[grt‚ ‖[grt‚ gbi sefedt ‖]llj tl H`t‚ lb toe tllf‐s tllf‐s agr (toe jgnb`h`er w`to w` to g afue alx `bs`ie) tl h`t toe zllj tl toe
dyf`bier
4. @jplr @jplrt`bn t`bn toe neljetr neljetryy
9. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @= Yoe neljetry
Df`dc Df`d c lb ‖Neljetry‚ ‖Nelje try‚ `b ‖Lutf`b ‖ Lutf`be‚ e‚ w`bilw. w`bilw. @b ‖Ietg`fs‚ ‖Ietg`f s‚ w`bilw, w`bilw, toere
gre slje lpt`lbs beeiei tl cblw Yoe seg fevef just dl`bd`ie w`to woere toe surhgde `s spf`t Yoe iepto lh toe seg dgb ae ieh`bei. Hlr toe gbgfys`s gbgfys`s `t w`ff ae h`xei tl 5;;. @s gb `jplrtgbt vgr`gafe s`bde toe resufts w`ff iepebi lb `t ` t gbi, gs `t w`ff ae expfg`bei fgter f gter,, hrequebdy rgbne w`ff ae ieterj`bei ay to`s Yoe iebs`ty lh toe wgter `s g hubdt`lb lh toe tejpergture. @b Eurlpe `s 7;1? `s toe jlst dljjlb, ae`bn 7;18 toe stgbigri hlr UTG. @b to`s gbgfys`s w`ff ae set tl 7;1? BLYE= Qejejaer togt toe ub`ts gre gfregiy set. Lh dlurse Cn/jR4
Yoe s`ze lh toe wgter w`ff ghhedt toe i`spfgy gbi w`ff ae a e 7;;; hlr e`toer _ gbi P
9. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @= Yoe neljetry
Df`dc Df`d c lb ‖[grt‚ ‖[gr t‚ `b ‖Lutf`be‚ ‖Lutf` be‚ w`bilw. w`bilw.
@b to`s sedt`lb `t `s plss`afe tl solw solw lr o`ie toe neljetry us`bn ‖[grt X`s`a`f`ty‚ gbi ied`ie `h toe neljetry w`ff tgce pgrt pgr t `b toe gbgfys`s lr blt v`g ‖[grt Gdt`v`ty‚. Gdt`v`ty‚. @b toe gbgfys`s, toe pgrt pgr t w`ff ae
gdt`ve gbi v`s`afe Gfsl, `t `s plss`afe tl h`x toe strudture lr fet `t hree tl jlve jlve (wogt `s ilbe `b to`s gbgfys`s). Bl `bterbgf `bter bgf f`i `s ` s requ`rei oere, aut dlufi ae usehuf, hlr `bstgbde, `bstgbde, `b g jllb pllf Bl f`begr igjp`bn `s requ`rei
9. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @= Yoe neljetry
Blw, df`dc lb toe h`rst ‖Turhgde Aliy‚ (doedc togt lbfy toe pgrt
aeflw toe wgter wgter `s blw nreeb)
BLYE= `h toe aeflw wgter pgrt `s toe sedlbi lbe, sefedt togt sedlbi ‖Turhgde Aliy‚
@t‐s requ`rei tl ogve toe aeflw wgter surhgde gs g i`hhrgdt`bn
surhgde, gbi toe lbe galve toe wgter gs g blb-i`hhrgdt`bn lbe. Yo`s `s ilbe w`to ‖Turhgde ‖T urhgde Yype‚
‖Ttrudture Yype‚ just ae set gs g ‖[oys`dgf neljetry‚ `b toe
gbgfyzei gbgfyzei strudture Blw, toe jgss gbi `bert`gs just ae `bdfuiei
Df`dc lb ‖[grt‚ gbi toeb, `b toe upper agr, sefedt Gii/[l`bt Jgss
9. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @= Yoe neljetry neljetr y
[oys`dgf dogrgdter`st`ds lh toe dyf`bier gre=
Jgss= 774;0> @bert`gs=
Hlr neber`d dyf`bier w`to z gx`s flbn`tui`bgf
SJgss:Iebs`ty*X SJgss:Ieb s`ty*XlfujeZ lfujeZ
@x:(7/1)*J*(QR1) @y:@z:(7/71)*J*{S4*(QR1)Z+(FR1)} @yz:(7/71)*J*(FR1) @xy:@zx:(7/9)*J*(QR1)
Hlr to`s nu`ie‐s dyf`bier= @x:118709 @y:@z:1144888 @yz:171;580 @xy:@zx:774;0>
9. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @= Yoe neljetry
Df`dc lb ‖[l`bt Jgss‚ @b ‖Jgss Ieh`b`t`lb‚ dogbne `t tl ‖Jgbugf‚ gbi gbi set `t tl 774;0>
Yoe `bert`g `ber t`g dgb ae `bput i`redtfy lr us`bn toe rgi`us lh nyrgt`lb gs
dgb ae seeb `b ‖Ieh`be `bert`g vgfues ay‚. Us`bn ‖I`redt `bput lh `bert`g‚= `ber t`g‚=
@xx:118709 @xy:774;0> @xz:774;0> @yy:1144888 @yz:171;580 @zz:1144888
9. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @= Yoe neljetry
@t `s `jplrtgbt `jplr tgbt togt ‖_‚, ‖P‚ gbi ‖]‚ gre sefedtei sl togt toe ‖[l`bt Jgss‚ `s gppf`ei r`not `btl toe jgss debtre lh toe dyf`bier.
Hlr to`s to`s exgjpfe, exgjpfe, ] `s requ`rei requ`rei tl ae -7.15 -7.15 S:(Febnto S:(Febnto/1)-I /1)-IrghtZ rghtZ
‖[l`bt Aulygbdy‚ gbi ‖I`sd‚ dgb gfsl ae `bdfuiei [l`bt Aulygbdy requ`res g pls`t`lb gbi g vlfuje I`sd dgb ae usei tl dregte gb greg togt ogs irgn gbi giiei jgss `b toe i`redt`lb perpebi`dufgr tl toe i`sd
^`to to`s wlrc, toe neljetry `s ilbe gbi we gre regiy tl set toe Jeso
5. [re-prldess`bn @@= Yoe jeso
Df`dc lb ‖Jeso‚ @b ‖Jeso`bn Yype‚ toe gfnlrytoj usei hlr toe jeso nebergt`lb dgb ae dlbtrlfei. @t wlrcs b`de gs ‖[rlnrgj Dlbtrlffei‚ aut `h gby prlafej gr`sei,
dogbne `t tl gimust `t tl toe requ`rei neljetry Yoere gre 1 vgr`gafes vgr`gafes wo`do dgb ae dogbnei=
‖Iehegtur`bn Ylfergbde‚ (olw sjgff toe ietg`fs gre tregtei) ‖Jgx Efejebt T`ze‚ (jgx`juj s`ze lh gb effejebt)
Blte togt ‖Jgx Gfflwei Hrequebdy‚ `s `bversefy prlplrt`lbgf tl ‖Jgx Efejebt T`ze‚
@t `s requ`rei togt=
Iehegtur`bn tlfergbde 6 ;.8 * Jgx efejebt s`ze Bl. Lh Efejebts 6 7?;;; (lh wo`do i`hhrgdt`bn 6 71;;;)
5. [re-prldess`bn @@= Yoe jeso
Hlr lur lur gbgf gbgfys ys`s, `s, set= set=
Iehegtur`bn Ylfergbde= ;.? Jgx Efeje Efejebt bt T`ze= T`ze= 7.9 @h ylu df`dc `b ‖Jeso‚ gbi toeb oeb `b toe uppe upperr ag agrr sefe sefedt dt @bsert sert
Jeso Jeso Dlbtr Dlbtrlf/ lf/T`z T`z`bn `bn,, g bew bew lpt`lb lpt`lb `s gvg`a vg`afe fe Yo`s lpt`lb `lb ebgafes toe reh`bejebt lh g jeso lb gby n`v n`veb pgrt lr aliy, ay ay ebgaf`b f`bn g sjg sjgffe ferr efejebt s`ze `ze tl ae gssld`gtei tl toe nel neljetr jetryy. ^`ff `ff blt blt ae usei usei `b to` to`ss nu`i nu`iee. BLYE BLYE== @b dgse dgse ylu giie giieii `t, `t, `t `s plss plss`a `afe fe tl iefe iefete te `t ay r`not r`not-d -df`f`dc` dc`bn bn `t gbi gbi sef sefed edt` t`bn bn ‖Iefete‚. Blte togt ‖Tupress‚ gfsl gfsl iefe iefete tess `t, `t, aut ay ubsu ubsupr pres ess` s`bn bn `t, `t, aedlj aedljes es gvg`af g`afee gng` gng`bb
5. [re-prldess`bn @@= Yoe jeso
Lbde `t`t `s gff set, df`dc lb ‖Ne Nebe berg rgte te Jeso Jeso‚ (yeffl yefflw w toubie toubier) r) Ghter g wo`fe (fgrne t`je `je `h toe sef efeedtei s`ze `ze `s tll sjgff), toe jeso w`ff ae nebergtei Yl v`e v`ew `t, `t, df`d df`dcc lb ‖[grt‚ rejejaerr, toe ‖[grt‚,t ,toe oebb `b ‖]lljH`t‚ (rejejae jgnb jgnb`h `h`er `er w`to w`to g afue fue alx alx `bs` `bs`ie ie), ), gbi gbi toeb toeb lb ‖Jeso‚ Lbde `t `t `s ilbe, `t `s t`je tl tl set to toe gbgfys`s
8. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @@@= Yoe gbgfys`s
Df`dc f`dc lb ‖gqwgwanu`ie7‚ gbi toe toe lb @bse @bsert rt gbgf gbgfys ys`s `s/O /Oyi yirl rliy iybg bgj` j`dd I`hhrgdt`lb G bew bew `dlb `dlb bgjei bgjei ‖Gbgfys`s __‚ solu solufi fi ogv ogve gppe gppegr grei ei Df`dc f`dc lb ‖Gbgfy Gbgfys`s s`s Lpt`lb Lpt`lbss‚ Yoe ‖Teg Nr`i Hgdtlr‚ dlbtrlfs olw judo fgrner toe greg `s togb toe strud strudtu ture re.. Tet Tet `t`t tl 1 H`fe Lpt` Lpt`lb lbss‚ toe toere gre jufty uftypf pfee lpt` lpt`lb lbss tl jgbg gbgne toe toe h`fe h`fess @b ‖Lutput H`fe lutput lutputtei tei ay GW^G W^G^A. ^A. Fet gff toej toej gs ‖Bl‚ Dljjlb lb gbgf gbgfys ys`s `s lpt` lpt`lb lbss‚ dlbtrlf olw toe toe gbgf bgfys`s s`s `s per perhlrj hlrjei ei.. @t @t `s use usehuf huf ‖Dljj tl gdt` gdt`vvgte gte ‖@nblre jlieff`bn jlieff`bn rufe v`lfgt`lbs v`lfgt`lbs‚. Gdt`v dt`vggte `t gbi gbi fet fet toe toe lto ltoers ers iesgdt`vgtei
8. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @@@= Yoe gbgfys`s
Ttrudture re sefedt` sefedt`lb lb‚ tree lamed medt ebgafes toe ieh`b`t`l `t`lbb lh ‖Ttrudtu `bterg `btergdt` dt`bn bn strudtur strudtures es @s usei tl exdfuie strud rudtures togt ylu wgbt tl exdfuie hlr gby pgrt`dufgr gbgfys`s @t gfsl ebgafes toe lrier lh slfv`bn tl ae dog dogbnei Hlr to`s to`s gbgf gbgfys ys`s `s,, il blt blt dogb dogbne ne gbyt gbyto` o`bn bn oere oere ‖Nrgv`ty‚ ebga ebgafe fess toe toe ieh` ieh`b` b`t` t`lb lb lh nrgv` nrgv`ty ty @t solufi blt ae dog dogbnei `b jlst dgses
8. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @@@= Yoe gbgfys`s
Df`dc f`dc lb ‖^gve I`redt`lbs‚ @t `s plss plss``afe tl gii gii g hlr hlrwgri spe speei tl toe toe stru strudt dtur uree, aut `h tog togt `s ilbe ilbe,, lbf lbfy g s`bn s`bnfe fe wg wgve i`re i`redt` dt`lb lb dgb ae ae gbgfy gbgfyzei zei.. ^e w`ff w`ff blt use `t ^gves gves gre gutljgt` gutljgt`dgff dgffyy dregtei dregtei `b -7?; -7?; gbi +7?; +7?; i`redt`l i`redt`lbs bs @t `s plss plss`a `afe fe tl set set toe toe `bte `bterv rvggf ae aetw twee eebb toe toe requ`r qu`rei ei i`r i`redt` edt`lb lbs, s, lr s`j s`jpfe pfe put put olw olw jgb jgby `bte `bterj rjei ei`g `gte te i`r i`redt` edt`lb lbss gre gre. Tefe Tefedt dt`b `bnn tll tll jgby gby dgb dgb jgc jgcee toe toe slfv`b slfv`bnn dlstf dlstfyy. [ut > `bterjei` `bterjei`gt gtee i`redt i`redt`lb `lbss @t `s gfsl fsl plss plss``afe tl gii gii `bter bterj jei` ei`gte i`r i`redt` edt`lb lbss lr rgbn rgbnes es lh i`r i`red edt` t`lb lbss BLYE= BLYE= ;½ `s gfwg gfwgys ys _+
8. [re-prldess`bn [re-prldess`bn @@@= Yoe gbgfys`s
Df`dc f`dc lb ‖^gve hrequebd`es‚ @t `s plss plss``afe tl sefe sefeddt e`t e`toer oer lbe lbe s`bn s`bnfe fe hr hrequeb quebdy dy lr g rgbn rgbnee lh to toej. ej. Tef Tefed edtt ‖Qgbne‚ @t `s requ`r qu`rei ei tl set set toe toe stg stgrt` rt`bn gbi ebi ebi``bn hreb hrebqu queb ebdy dy Gpprlx` Gpprlx`jgte jgte requ`re requ`rejebt jebts= s=
Ttgrt Hrequebdy Hrequebdy 2 ;.78 / (^gter (^gter Iepto)R;. Iepto)R;.55 Ebi Hrequebdy Hrequebdy 6 ;.57 ;.57 / (Jgx (Jgx Efejeb Efejebtt T`ze)R;. T`ze)R;.55 Ebi Hrebd Hrebdueb uebdy dy 2 7.7 Ttgrt Ttgrt Hreque Hrequebdy bdy
Ttgrt Hreq Hreque uebdy bdy‚ tl ;.7; gbi ‖Ebi Ebi Hreq Hreque uebdy bdy‚ tl ;.9; Tet ‖Ttgrt
Gfsl, Gfsl, gii 71 `bterj `bterjei` ei`gte gte vgfue vgfuess Lh dlu dlurs rsee, per per`l `lii `s toe toe `bverse erse lh to toe hrequeb quebdy dy sl gby gby dog dogbne bne `b lbe lbe lh toe toej wlufi lufi ghhed hhedtt toe toe ltoe ltoerr
>. [rldess`bn
Yoer Yoeree gre gre twl twl gbgf gbgfys ys`s `s lpt`l lpt`lbs bs hlr hlr g Oyir Oyirli liyb ybgj gj`d `d I`hh I`hhrg rgdt dt`l `lbb gbgf gbgfys ys`s `s== e`to e`toer er tl dgfd dgfduf ufggte toe toe Oyir Oyirls lstg tgt` t`ds ds lbf lbfy, lr tl dgfd dgfduf ufggte toe toe huff huff Oyirliyb Oyirliybgj`d gj`d resufts resufts Yyp` yp`dgff dgffyy, ylu w`ff w`ff h`rst `rst il toe toe h`rs h`rstt lbe lbe `h ylu gre blt blt sur sure lh toe toe pre preprld prldeess` ss`bn gbi wgbt tl doed doedcc hlr hlr err errlrs lrs `b g qu` qu`dc slfv slfv`b `bnn, lr s`j s`jpfy pfy `h ylu must requ`re toe oyirlstgt`ds oyirlstgt`ds Yoe slfv`bn `s ilbe ay ay df`dc` dc`bn lb ‖Gbgfys`s __‚ gbi toeb lb ‖Tlfve‚ lr Tlfve Oyirlstg Oyirlstgt`ds t`ds‚ ‖Tlfve Df`dc f`dc lb ‖Tlfve‚ Plu w`ff ae gafe tl hlfflw toe toe prlnr lnress lh toe gbgfys`s torluno toe sjgff w`bil `bilw w tog togt `s lpeb lpebeei iur` iur`bn bn toe toe gbgf bgfys`s s`s Lbde Lbde `t ebis ebis,, `s t`je t`je tl doed doedcc toe toe resuf esufts ts
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
Q`notQ`not-df` df`dc dc lb ‖Qesufts‚. Gii ‖Oyirlstgt`d ‚, ‖Oyirli Oyirliybgj ybgj`d `d Nrgpo‚ gbi ‖[ressures gbi Jlt`lbs‚. Df`dc f`dc lb ‖[grt‚ gbi toeb toeb lb ‖]lljH`t‚ (reje rejeja jaer er== toe toe jgnb jgnb`h `h`e `err w`to w`to g sjgff sjgff afue fue alx `bs`ie) `bs`ie) Df`dc f`dc lb ‖Oyirlstgt`d ‚ Yoe Yoe De Debt btrre lh lh Nrg Nrgv` v`ty ty gppe gppegr grss `b nree nreebb (`s (`s eq equg ugff tl toe toe ‖[l`bt Jgss‚ `b to`s to`s dgse dgse)) Yoe Debtr Debtree lh lh Aul Aulyg ygbdy bdy gppegrs gppegrs `b rei rei Yoe Debtr Debtree lh Hflgt Hflgtgt gt`lb `lb gppegrs gppegrs `b afue afue @b ‖Nrgpo`ds‚ w`bi w`billw toer oere `s g sjgf sjgfff tga tga dgffe gffeii ‖[rlpert`es‚ Df`dc Df `dc`b `bnn lb `t, `t, ietg ietg`f`fei ei oyirl yirlst stgt gt`d `dss resu resuft ftss w`ff w`ff gppe gppegr gr==
Oyirlstg Oyirlstgt`d t`d I`spfgdej I`spfgdejebt ebt [rlpert`es, [rlpert`es, Dut^ Dut ^gter [fgbe [fgbe [rlpert`es, [rlpert`es, Tjgff Tjgff Gbnfes Gbnfes Ttga`f`ty Ttga`f`ty [grgjet [grgjeters ers
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
Oyirliybgj`d gj`d Nrgpo Nrgpo‚ ebga ebgafe fess toe toe pflt pfltt` t`bn bn lh up up tl 9 dljp dljpgr grggt`v t`ve nrgp nrgpoo ‖Oyirliyb
resufts Dgbb ae pflt Dg pfltte teii gng` gng`bs bstt e`to e`toer er Hreq Hreque uebd bdyy lr [er`l er`lii gbi gbi dgb dgb ae Gjpf Gjpf`t `tui uiee lr [ogs [ogsee ag agse seii sefeddt toe toe stru strudt dtur uree gbi gbi v`ew olw olw toe toe resuf esufts ts lper lperggte @b ‖F`be G‚ sefe @t `s plss plss`a `afe fe tl pflt pflt i`hh i`hher ereb ebtt type typess lh resuf esufts ts gs oyir yirliyb liybgj gj`d `d dleh dlehh` h`d` d`eb ebts ts lr hlrdes BLYE BLYE== Doedc Doedc toel toelry ry hlr hlr toe toe jegb jegb`b `bnn lh toe toe i`hh i`hher ereb ebtt resu resuft ftss
Hlr to`s to`s nu`i nu`iee gppf`d gppf`dgt gt`l `lb, b, mus mustt sefe sefedt dt toe toe QGLs QGLs (Qes (Qespl plbs bsee Gjp Gjpf`f`tu tuie ie Lperg Lpergtlrs tlrs)) `b `b ] gx`s gx`s `b gby gby i`redt i`redt`lb `lb (Gjpf` (Gjpf`tui tuiee agsei agsei gng`bs gng`bstt Hrequ Hrequebdy ebdy)) gbi doedc olw olw, stgrt`bn stgrt`bn hrlj hrlj 7 (bl gjpf` gjpf`h`d h`dgt gt`lb `lb), ), toe jgx`j jgx`juj uj hlr to`s to`s pgrt` pgrt`du dufg fgrr dgs dgsee ogp ogppe pebs bs dfls dflsee tl ;.75 ;.75 Oz, Oz, gbi gbi toe toebb woeb woeb toe toe hreq hreque uebd bdyy `s tll tll o`no o`no toe toe QGLs QGLs gre gre benf benf`n` `n`af afee Gfsl Gfsl,, gii gii gblt gbltoe oerr f`be f`be tl pflt pflt olw olw toe toe I`hh I`hhrg rgdt dt`l `lbb + Hrlu Hrluie ie-C -Cry ryfl flvv hlrd hlrdes es `b ] gx`s gx`s `s sjgf sjgffe ferr woeb woeb toe toe hreq hreque uebd bdyy lh toe toe wgves `bdr `bdreg egse sess
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
H`bgffy, ‖[ressure [ressuress gbi Jlt`lbs Jlt`lbs‚ ebga ebgafe fess toe toe v`su v`sugf gf`z `zgt gt`l `lbb gbi gbi i`sp i`spfg fgyy lh g buja bujaer er lh resuf resufts ts neberg nebergtei tei hrlj hrlj GW^G W^G lbde lbde g oyirl oyirliiybgj`d ybgj`d slfve slfve ogs aeeb aeeb perhl perhlrjei rjei Us`bn ‖Qesuft Tefedt`lb‚,gff toe toe dlja dlja`b `bgt gt`l `lbb lh toe toe gbgf gbgfyz yzei ei wgv wgve type typess dgb dgb ae sefe sefedt dtei ei (wgve‐s hrequebd hrequebd`es `es gbi i`redt`lbs i`redt`lbs)) ‖@bd`iebt ^gve Gjpf`tuie ‚ dgb ae sefedtei @b ‖QesuftYype‚ dgb ae sefedtei dlbstgt lbes f`ce ‖Jgx`juj‚, ‖J`b` J`b`ju juj j lr ‖Gjpf`tuie‚, lr gfsl fsl ‖Dydf`d ‚ woer woeree must must g s`bn s`bnfe fe pog pogse se lr g ‖Qgbne‚ lh toej toej dgb dgb ae ae sefedtei sefedtei (gfflw`bn (gfflw`bn g v`iel lutput) lutput) @b ‖Dlbtlur Dlbtlur Tefedt`lb Tefedt`lb‚ alto toe [regssure (@bterplfgtei lr [gbef) dgb dgb ae sefedtei. Yoer oere gre gre lpt`lb t`lbss woer woeree `t `s plss plss``afe tl sefe sefeddt `h toe toe aliy liy ga gallve toe wgter ter ogs ‖]erl [ressure‚ lr `s s`jpfy ‖I`jjei‚. Yoe Yoe pres pressu sure re dgb dgb ae jegs jegsur urei ei gs ‖Oegi lh ^gter‚ lr gs ‖Hlrde/Greg‚. Yoer oere `s gfsl gfsl toe toe plss`a ss`a`f `f``ty tl v`su `sugf`z gf`zee toe toe ‖Qesuftgbt I`spfgdejebt‚ `b ‖Ttrudture Ttrudture Dlbtlur DlbtlurY Yype‚. @b alto dgses, `t `s plss`afe tl v`sugf`ze lr blt toe wgves (‖^gve DlbtlurYype‚) ‖Dljplbeb Dljplbebtt Tefedt`lb Tefedt`lb‚ gffl gfflws ws toe toe i`sg i`sgaaf`bn f`bn lh i`h i`hhe here rebt bt pgrts pgrts lh toe toe v`su v`sugf gf`z `zgt gt`l `lbb
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
@b to`s to`s nu`i nu`iee, toe toe hlff hlffllw`bn w`bn dgse dgse w`ff w`ff ae gbgf gbgfyz yzei ei== Hrequebdy= ;.11 I`redt`lb= 95 @bd`iebt ^gve Gjpf`tuie= 7.5 7. 5 QesuftYype= Dydf`d ^gve [ls`t`lb ([ogse)= Qgbne Bl. Lh Tteps= 8; Ttrudture Ttrudture Dlbtlur DlbtlurY Yype= @bterplfg @bterplfgtei tei [regssur [regssuree Galve^ Galve^gt gter er Aliy Aliy I`spfg I`spfgy= y= ]erl ]erl [ressu [ressure re [ressure Jegsurejebt= Oegi lh ^gter ^gve Dlbtlur Dlbtl ur Yype= ^gve Oe`not Oe` not Df`dc f`dc lb ‖[grt‚ gbi toe toeb lb ‖]lljH`t‚. Yoeb df`dc lb ‖[res [ressu sure ress gbi gbi Jlt`lbs‚, gbi `b ‖Lutput‚w`bilw aefl flw w toe toe Nrgp Nrgpo` o`dg dgff w`bi w`billw, df`dc df`dc lb toe toe ‖Lutput‚w`bilw, ae h`fe (.g (.gv`) v`) dgb dgb ae expl explrte rteii rei ‖[fgy‚. G v`iel h`fe
?. [lst-pr [lst-prldess`bn ldess`bn
Ae÷gt Ae÷ gt Qli Qlirênu rênuez ez (ub (ubier iernrgi nrgiug ugte te sdolfgrso`p sdolfgrso`p)) a.rlir`nuez.jgigr`gngKnjg`f.dlj a .rlir`nuez.jgigr`gngKnjg`f.dlj Mufeb Ngrdêg (ubiernrgiugte gss`stgbt) mxngrd`g`agbezKoltjg`f.dlj mxngrd`g`agbezKoltj g`f.dlj Hgdufty lh Ebn`beer`bn `b A`fagl Yedbg edbgf`g f`g Qesegr Qesegrdo`bn do`bn Qllj
