Nurse Theorist - Imogene King

Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 1 Running head: NURSE THEORIST: IMOGENE KING

Nurse Theorist: Imogene King Robbie Wilson East Tennessee State University

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Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 2 Nurse Theorist: Imogene King Description of Nurse Theorist Imogene M. King was born on January January 30, 1923 in West Point, Point, Iowa. In 1945, she received a diploma from St. John’s Hospital - School of Nursing Nursing in Saint Louis, Missouri. She earned her BSN (1948) and MSN (1957) from Saint Louis University and a doctorate degree in education from Teachers College at Columbia Columbia University in New York York (1961). King eventually became a Hall of Fame inductee at Columbia University’s Teachers College. King served as Assistant Chief in the Research Grants Branch of the Division of Nursing in Washington, D.C. (1966-1968 under Dr. Jessie Scott). She also served as director of the Ohio State University’s University’s School of Nursing from from 1968-1972. King was an Associate Professor Professor (1961-1966) and Professor Professor (1971-1980) at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois. After serving as Professor in in the College of Nursing at the University of South Florida, she retired in 1990 with the title Professor Emeritus. Dr. King continued to speak at local, regional, national, and international conferences as well as consulted with undergraduate and graduate students who were using her theory and developing theories from her systems systems framework. King was an active member of District District IV, Florida Nurses Association (FNA) - past President of the Florida Nurses Foundation and FNA Hall of Fame inductee, American Nurses Association (1996 ANA Jessie Scott Award and Hall of Fame inductee), Sigma Theta Tau International (1989 STTI Elizabeth Russell Founders Award and a Virginia Henderson Fellow), and a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing where she was inducted as a Living Legend in 2005. The King International Nursing Group Group website provides detailed information about Dr. King, her wo rk, as well as yearly conference information





Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 3 Dr. King loved the sport of golf and was a devout Catholic Catholic her entire life. Up until her death, King communicated almost on a daily basis via e-mail with nurses throughout the world. Dr. Imogene King died on December 24, 2007. Dr. King’s major contributions contributions to nursing were her Theory of Goal Attainment Attainment as well as her Model of Interacting Systems. Systems. Some of her documents and memorabilia are located at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois. The King International Nursing Group website provides detailed information about Dr. King, her work, as well as yearly conference information (http://www.kingnursing.org/). Influence in Nursing Model of Interacting Systems The model of interacting systems that King developed involves three interacting sets of systems. The first level is the personal system. It is comprised of individuals individuals such as individual patients and nurses. The second level of systems is the interpersonal system system or group which can be comprised of smalls groups such as a family. As the nurse and the patient interact, they work to form a therapeutic relationship as well as the interpersonal system. system. The third level of systems is the greater social system or societies which can be comprised of hospitals, universities, and religious organizations (Williams, 2001). Theory of Goal Attainment King set the crux of her goal attainment theory in the nurse – patient relationship (Messmer, 2006). The nurse and patient work together to to define and reach goals that they set together. The relationship between the nurse and patient patient is can be described as a give and take relationship. For example, both the nurse and patient patient perceive, judge, and act; together, the nurse





Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 4 then a transaction is said said to have occurred. During the process, the nurse and patient also decide on a way to work toward the goal that has been decided upon and then put the plan into action both parties have responsibilities responsibilities (King, 2007). King believes that the main function function of nursing is to increase or to restore the health of o f the patient, so then; transactions should occur to set goals related to the health of the the patient (King, 1981). After transactions have occurred and collaborative goals have been defined by the nurse and patient, then both parties work toward the stated goals (King, 1981). The process will more than than likely involve interactions interactions with other systems, such as the patient’s family members, other healthcare workers, ancillary service providers, or larger systems. One key aspect of Dr. King’s goal go al attainment theory is the importance of good documentation by the nurse. In streamlining the process of goal attainment, King believes believes that documentation will make it easier for nurses to communicate with each other as well as with other healthcare workers involved in the the patient’s care (King, 1981). Documentation also helps to provide a way to determine determine if the goal is achieved or if the goal may need to be revised. The assessment of whether or not the goal has been successfully achieved plays an important end stage in King's goal attainment attainment theory. The contribution of King’s model model of interpersonal systems integrated into her goal attainment theory can provide a solid backdrop in the quest q uest to personalize a patient’s care plan while improving the nurse-patient relationship at the same time (Parker, 2001). Connection to Theorist The link I have to Imogene King’s work as a nurse is derived d erived directly from her





Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 5 rapport and trust necessary to begin the process of goal attainment. Her philosophy goes handin-hand with my professional professional background as a social worker. In everything we do as professional counselors, we are constantly working to strengthen the rapport with our patients, involving the patient in their own plan of care, and working as a team (this includes working with families as they can bring significant depth to our understanding by providing the necessary collateral information). The patient always has the the ability to self-direct self-direct his/her own care at any time. I am continually continually seeing parallels between the social work and nursing profession. So, my connection to Dr. King and her contribution to the nursing profession is one in which I value because it brings a great deal of meaning to my personal, professional, and life experiences. Personal View of Nursing My personal view of nursing stems from a more simplistic simplistic view of life. I view it from the human condition perspective that encompasses the experiences of being human in a social, cultural, and personal context. It is through this this context that I feel connected to the nursing profession and people in general. I feel my life life experiences, along with my professional background, paired with my academic achievements thus far have helped me to better understand people, their perspective of life, and their wants for the future. My view of nursing itself is one that integrates a variety of skills and disciplines. disciplines. Essentially, as nurses, we will wear many hats depending on the current situation. We will utilize utilize a multitude of theories, models, models, concepts, skills, and schools of thought to accomplish the goal(s) we (nurse and patient) are working toward. Sometimes it takes takes a village to get things accomplished accomplished and we should never lose sight of how resourceful we can be to to one another. Nursing is complex enough and at times times people





Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 6 Nursing as a Career Nursing has certainly broadened my horizons and caused me to focus outside myself. I value being part of a profession that helps people and I find the body of knowledge I've gained thus far can be utilized utilized in everyday situations. Nursing also gives you you a lot of varied opportunities for a career, you can make a change from one area of nursing to another; the flexibility of schedules is a plus for those those of us trying to balance family life with work. Overall, I feel the nursing profession will provide me with challenges, stability, diversity, and fulfillment for the rest of my life; I’m very optimistic about my future as a nursing professional. Conclusion It is my hope I will become a well-rounded nurse who is always mindful of others and incorporates nursing theory as well as evidence-based practice in my everyday nursing duties. Most importantly, I want to be the nurse who actually relates to the patient’s experience, listens, and understands. From my own personal personal experiences, it is this this type of nurse who is is remembered and makes the difference the patient is looking for in their their medical care. A huge “thank you” goes out to all the nurse theorists and researchers, like Dr. Imogene King, for bringing so much more depth to nursing as a profession.







Nurse Theorist: Imogene King 7 Resources process. New York, NY: Wiley. King, I. (1981). A (1981). A theory for nursing : systems, concepts, process. King, I. (2007). King’s conceptual system, theory of goal attainment, and transaction 20, process in the 21st century [Electronic version]. Nursing version]. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20, 109-116. Messmer, P.R. (2006). Professional Professional model of care: using King’s theory of goal attainment [Electonic version]. Nursing version]. Nursing Science Quarterly, 19, 227-228. practice. Philadelphia, PA: E.A. Davis Parker, M. E. (2001). Nursing (2001). Nursing theories and nursing practice. Company. Williams, L.A. (2001). Imogene King’s interacting systems systems theory: application in emergency and rural nursing [Electronic version]. Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 2, 25-30.

Nurse Theorist - Imogene King

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