Notes on Advertising & Publicity Management for 7th Semester BBA LLB(Hons.)

BN]L[ NB

FMXLU]G[GBJ & _\E@GKG]W IFBFJLILB] Hnr :tc [lilstlr EEF @@E(Cnbs.) _rlpfrlm Ey

nb 65/?3/5?6:

FAFW UF]BFB 3/< EEF @@E(Cnbs.) J@KD

KNB]LB][ ]gt`l

_fjl Bn.

INM\@L 6

5

INM\@L 5

5?

INM\@L ;

;8

INM\@L =

=;

INM\@L <

<5

INM\@L 8

:6

Mgsk`fgilr1 ]cgs mnkuilbt gs f prnmukt nh lxtrfkts hrni vfrgnus snurkls. Gt gs gbtlbmlm hnr plrsnbf` usl. ]cl iftlrgf` gs gbtlbmlm hnr lmukftgnbf` purpnsls nb`y (Hrll nh kcfrjl). Ulprnmuktgnb nh tcl iftlrgf` hnr fby purpnsls ntclr tcfb wcft gs gbtlbmlm gs prncgegtlm. \sl tcgs iftlrgf` ft ynur nwb rgsd fbm mgskrltgnb.

BN]L[ NB FMXLU]G[GBJ & _\E@GKG]W IFBFJLILB]

INM\@L 6 MLHGBG]GNB/ILFBGBJ fmvlrtlrl’ ilfbgbj’ tn turb tcl igbms ]cl wnrm fmvlrtgsgbj knils hrni tcl @ftgb wnrm " fmvlrtlrl’ tnwfrms".

[nil nh tcl mlhgbgtgnbs jgvlb ey vfrgnus futcnrs frl1 Fkknrmgbj tn Zg``gfi A. [tfbtnb, "Fmvlrtgsgbj knbsgsts nh f`` tcl fktgvgtgls gbvn`vlm gb prlslbtgbj tn fb fumglbkl f bnb-plrsnbf`, spnbsnr-gmlbtghglm, pfgm-hnr ilssfjl fenut f prnmukt nr nrjfbgzftgnb." Fkknrmgbj tn Filrgkfb Ifrdltgbj Fssnkgftgnb "fmvlrtgsgbj gs fby pfgm hnri nh bnbplrsnbf` prlslbtftgnb fbm prnintgnb nh gmlfs, jnnms fbm slrvgkls ey fb gmlbtghglm spnbsnr". Fmvlrtgsgbj gs uslm hnr kniiubgkftgbj eusgblss gbhnriftgnb tn tcl prlslbt fbm prnsplktgvl kustnilrs. Gt usuf``y prnvgmls gbhnriftgnb fenut tcl fmvlrtgsgbj hgri, gts prnmukt quf`gtgls, p`fkl nh fvfg`feg`gty nh gts prnmukts, ltk. Fmvlrtgslilbt gs gbmgsplbsfe`l hnr entc tcl sl``lrs fbm tcl euylrs. Cnwlvlr, gt gs inrl gipnrtfbt hnr tcl sl``lrs. Gb tcl inmlrb fjl nh `frjl skf`l prnmuktgnb, prnmuklrs kfbbnt tcgbd nh puscgbj sf`l nh tclgr prnmukts prnmukts wgtcnut fmvlrtgsgbj tcli. Fmvlrtgslilbt supp`lilbts plrsnbf` sl``gbj tn f jrlft lxtlbt. Fmvlrtgsgbj cfs fkqugrlm jrlft gipnrtfbkl gb tcl inmlrb wnr`m wclrl tnujc knipltgtgnb gb tcl ifrdlt fbm hfst kcfbjls gb tlkcbn`njy, wl hgbm hfscgnb fbm tfstl gb tcl kustnilrs. HLF]\UL[ NH FMXLU]G[GBJ 6. Kniiubgkftgnb1 Fmvlrtgsgbj gs ilfbs nh ifss kniiubgkftgnb rlfkcgbj tcl ifssls. Gt gs f

bnb-plrsnbf` kniiubgkftgnb elkfusl gt gs fmmrlsslm tn ifssls. 5. Gbhnriftgnb1 Fmvlrtgsgbj gbhnris tcl euylrs fenut tcl elblhgts tcly wnu`m jlt wclb tcly

purkcfsl f pfrtgku`fr prnmukt. Cnwlvlr, tcl gbhnriftgnb jgvlb scnu`m el knip`ltl fbm trul. ;. _lrsufsgnb1 ]cl fmvlrtgslr lxplkts tn krlftl f hfvnurfe`l fttgtuml wcgkc wg`` `lfm tn

hfvnurfe`l fktgnbs. Fby fmvlrtgsgbj prnklss fttlipts ft knbvlrtgbj tcl prnsplkts gbtn kustnilrs. Gt gs tcus fb gbmgrlkt sf`lsifbscgp s f`lsifbscgp fbm lsslbtgf``y f plrsufsgnb tlkcbgqul. =. _rnhgt Ifxgigsftgnb1 ]rul fmvlrtgsgbj mnls bnt fttlipt ft ifxgigsgbj prnhgts ey gbkrlfsgbj tcl knst eut ey prnintgbj tcl sf`ls. ]cgs wfy Gt wnb‗t `lfm tn gbkrlfsl tcl prgkl nh tcl prnmukt.

]cus, gt cfs f cgjclr sf`ls fpprnfkc rftclr tcfb tcl cgjclr-knst fpprnfkc. <. Bnb-_lrsnbf` _rlslbtftgnb1 [f`lsifbscgp gs plrsnbf` sl``gbj wclrlfs fmvlrtgsgbj gs bnb-

plrsnbf` gb kcfrfktlr. Fmvlrtgsgbj gs bnt ilfbt hnr fbynbl gbmgvgmuf` eut hnr f``. ]clrl gs feslbkl nh plrsnbf` fpplf` gb fmvlrtgsgbj. 8. Gmlbtghglm [pnbsnr1 F spnbsnr ify el fb gbmgvgmuf` nr f hgri wcn pfys hnr tcl

fmvlrtgslilbt. ]cl bfil nh rlputlm knipfby ify gbkrlfsl sf`l nr prnmukts. ]cl prnmukt jlts jnnm ifrdlt elkfusl nh gts gmlbtgty wgtc tcl rlputlm knrpnrftl enmy. :. Knbsuilr Kcngkl1 Fmvlrtgsgbj hfkg`gtftls knbsuilr kcngkl. Gt lbfe`ls knbsuilrs tn

purkcfsl jnnms fs plr tclgr eumjlt rlqugrlilbt fbm kcngkl. Ugjct kcngkl ifdls knbsuilr cfppy fbm sftgshglm. 3. Frt, [kglbkl fbm _rnhlssgnb1 Fmvlrtgsgbj gs fb frt elkfusl gt rlprlslbts f hgl`m nh krlftgvgty.

Fmvlrtgsgbj gs f skglbkl elkfusl gt cfs f enmy nh nrjfbgslm dbnw`lmjl. Fmvlrtgsgbj gs _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 5


prnhlssgnb gs bnw trlftlm fs f prnhlssgnb wgtc gts prnhlssgnbf` enmgls fbm knml nh knbmukt hnr ilielrs. 7. L`lilbt nh Ifrdgbj Igx1 Fmvlrtgsgbj gs fb gipnrtfbt l`lilbt nh prnintgnb igx.

Fmvlrtgsgbj cfs prnvlm tn el nh jrlft utg`gty tn sl`` jnnms fbm slrvgkls. @frjl ifbuhfkturls splbm krnrls nh ruplls nb fmvlrtgsgbj. 6?. L`lilbt nh Krlftgvgty1 F jnnm fmvlrtgsgbj kfipfgjb gbvn`vls `nt nh krlftgvgty fbm

gifjgbftgnb. Zclb tcl ilssfjl nh tcl fmvlrtgslr iftkcls tcl lxplktftgnbs nh knbsuilrs, sukc krlftgvgty ifdls wfy hnr sukklsshu` kfipfgjb. NEALK]GXL[ NH FMXLU]G[GBJ

6. ]n gbtrnmukl f blw prnmukt ey krlftgbj gbtlrlst hnr gt finbj tcl prnsplktgvl kustnilrs. 5. ]n suppnrt plrsnbf` sl``gbj prnjrfiil. Fmvlrtgsgbj ifyel uslm tn nplb kustnilrs' mnnrs hnr sf`lsifb. ;. ]n rlfkc plnp`l gbfkklssge`l tn sf`lsifb. =. ]n lbtlr f blw ifrdlt nr fttrfkt f blw jrnup nh kustnilrs. <. ]n `gjct knipltgtgnb gb tcl ifrdlt fbm tn gbkrlfsl tcl sf`ls fs sllb gb tcl hglrkl knipltgtgnb eltwllb Kndl fbm _lpsg. 8. ]n lbcfbkl tcl jnnmwg`` nh tcl lbtlrprgsl ey prnigsgbj elttlr quf`gty prnmukts fbm slrvgkls. :. ]n giprnvl mlf`lr rl`ftgnbs. Fmvlrtgsgbj suppnrts tcl mlf`lrs gb sl``gbj tcl prnmukt. Mlf`lrs frl fttrfktlm tnwfrms f prnmukt wcgkc gs fmvlrtgslm lhhlktgvl`y. 3. ]n wfrb tcl pue`gk fjfgbst gigtftgnb nh fb lbtlrprgsl's prnmukts.

GI_NU]FBKL NH FMXLU]G[GBJ Elblhgts tn Ifbuhfkturlrs

6. Gt gbkrlfsls sf`ls vnùil ey krlftgbj fttrfktgnb tnwfrms tcl prnmukt. 5. Gt cl`ps lfsy gbtrnmuktgnb nh blw prnmukts gbtn tcl ifrdlts ey tcl sfil ifbuhfkturlr. ;. Gt cl`ps tn krlftl fb gifjl fbm rlputftgnb bnt nb`y nh tcl prnmukts eut f`sn nh tcl prnmuklr nr fmvlrtgslr. Gb tcgs wfy, gt krlftls jnnmwg`` hnr tcl ifbuhfkturlr. =. Ultfg` prgkl, ifgbtlbfbkl gs f`sn pnssge`l ey fmvlrtgsgbj wclrl prgkl fpplf` gs tcl prnintgnbf` strftljy. <. Gt cl`ps tn lstfe`gsc f mgrlkt knbtfkt eltwllb ifbuhfkturlrs fbm knbsuilrs. Elblhgts tn Zcn`lsf`lrs fbm Ultfg`lrs

6. Lfsy sf`l nh tcl prnmukts gs pnssge`l sgbkl knbsuilrs frl fwfrl nh tcl prnmukt fbm gts quf`gty. 5. Gt gbkrlfsls tcl rftl nh tcl turb-nvlr nh tcl stnkd elkfusl mlifbm gs f`rlfmy krlftlm ey fmvlrtgslilbt. ;. Gt supp`lilbts tcl sl``gbj fktgvgtgls. =. Gt lbsurls inrl lknbnigkf` sl``gbj elkfusl sl``gbj nvlrclfms frl rlmuklm. <. Gt lbfe`ls tcli tn cfvl prnmukt gbhnriftgnb. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | ;


Elblhgts tn Knbsuilrs

6. Fmvlrtgsgbj strlssls quf`gty fbm vlry nhtlb prgkls. ]cgs hnris fb gbmgrlkt jufrfbtll tn tcl knbsuilrs nh tcl quf`gty fbm prgkl. Hurtclr `frjl skf`l prnmuktgnb fssuilm ey fmvlrtgsgbj lbfe`ls tcl sl``lr tn sl``lr prnmukt ft f `nwlr knst. 5. Fmvlrtgsgbj cl`ps gb l`gigbftgbj tcl igmm`lilb ey lstfe`gscgbj mgrlkt knbtfkts eltwllb prnmuklrs fbm knbsuilrs. Gt rlsu`ts gb kclfplr jnnms. ;. Gt cl`ps tcli tn dbnw wclrl fbm wclb tcl prnmukts frl fvfg`fe`l. ]cgs rlmukls tclgr scnppgbj tgil. =. Gt prnvgmls fb nppnrtubgty tn tcl kustnilrs tn knipfrl tcl ilrgts fbm mlilrgts nh vfrgnus suestgtutl prnmukts. <. ]cgs gs plrcfps tcl nb`y nb` y ilmgui tcrnujc wcgkc knbsuilrs knu`m dbnw tcl vfrglm fbm blw usls nh tcl prnmukt. 8. Inmlrb fmvlrtgslilbts frl cgjc`y gbhnriftgvl. Elblhgts tn [f`lsilb

6. [f`lsifbscgp gs gbknip`ltl wgtcnut fmvlrtgsgbj. Fmvlrtgsgbj slrvls fs tcl hnrlrubblr nh f sf`lsifb gb tcl mgstrgeutgnb nh jnnms. [f`ls gs elblhgtlm tcl fmvlrtgslilbt gb hn``nwgbj wfys1 5. Gbtrnmukgbj tcl prnmukt elknils qugtl lfsy fbm knbvlbglbt elkfusl ifbuhfkturlr cfs f`rlfmy fmvlrtgslm tcl jnnms gbhnrigbj tcl knbsuilrs fenut tcl prnmukt fbm gts quf`gty. ;. Fmvlrtgsgbj prlpfrls blklssfry jrnubm hnr f sf`lsifb tn eljgb cgs wnrd lhhlktgvl`y. Clbkl sf`ls lhhnrts frl rlmuklm. =. ]cl knbtfkt lstfe`gsclm wgtc tcl kustnilr ey f sf`lsifb gs ifml plrifblbt tcrnujc lhhlktgvl fmvlrtgsgbj elkfusl f kustnilr gs fssuilm nh tcl quf`gty fbm prgkl nh tcl prnmukt. <. ]cl sf`lsifb kfb wlgjc tcl lhhlktgvlblss nh fmvlrtgsgbj wclb cl ifdls mgrlkt knbtfkt wgtc tcl knbsuilrs. Elblhgts tn Kniiubgty nr [nkglty

6. Fmvlrtgsgbj, gb jlblrf`, gs lmukftgvl gb bfturl. Gb tcl wnrms nh tcl `ftl _rlsgmlbt Unnslvl`t nh tcl \.[.F., ‐ Fmvlrtgsgbj ergbjs tn tcl jrlftlst buielr nh plnp`l fktuf` dbnw`lmjl knbklrbgbj uslhu` tcgbjs1 gt gs lsslbtgf``y f hnri nh lmukftgnb fbm tcl prnjrlss nh kgvg`gzftgnb mlplbms nb lmukftgnb.’

5. Fmvlrtgsgbj `lfms tn f `frjl-skf`l prnmuktgnb krlftgbj inrl lip`nyilbt nppnrtubgtgls tn tcl pue`gk gb vfrgnus anes mgrlkt`y nr gbmgrlkt`y. ;. Gt gbgtgftls f prnklss nh krlftgbj inrl wfbts fbm tclgr sftgshfktgnb cgjclr stfbmfrm nh `gvgbj. Hnr lxfip`l, fmvlrtgsgbj cfs ifml inrl pnpu`fr fbm ubgvlrsf` tcl usls nh sukc gbvlbtgnbs fs tcl futnineg`ls, rfmgns, fbm vfrgnus cnuslcn`m fpp`gfbkls. =. Blwspfplrs wnu`m bnt cfvl elknil sn pnpu`fr fbm sn kclfp gh tclrl cfm ellb bn fmvlrtgslilbts. ]cl kclfp prnmuktgnb nh blwspfplrs gs pnssge`l nb`y tcrnujc tcl pue`gkftgnb nh fmvlrtgslilbts gb tcli. Gt sustfgbs tcl prlss. <. Gt fssurls lip`nyilbt nppnrtubgtgls hnr tcl prnhlssgnbf` ilb fbm frtgst.

_rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | =


[L@LK]GNB KN_W FBM ILMGF Fmvlrtgsgbj Knpy

Fb fmvlrtgsgbj knpy gs tcl ilfbs ey wcgkc tcl fmvlrtgslr‗s gmlfs frl jgvlb lxprlssgnb tn gb f ilssfjl tn rlfmlrs. Uljfrm`lss nh gts `lbjtc fbm erlvgty knpy rlhlrs tn f`` tcl rlfmgbj ifttlrs nh fb fmvlrtgslilbt, gbkùmgbj tcl clfm`gbl, sueclfm`gbls, tlxt nr enmy, fbm tcl bfil nh tcl hgri nr tcl stfbmfrm gbgtgf`s. ]cl hgrst knpy knbhnris tn tcl rlqugsgtls rlqugsgtls nh f jnnm jnnm knpy. F knpywrgtlr iust tfdl pfgbs gb ifdgbj up f snubm fmvlrtgslilbt knpy knbtfgbgbj gts vfrgnus knipnblbts g.l. clfm`gbls, sueclfm sueclfm `gbls, g`ùstrftgnbs ltk. ]cl hn``nwgbj hn``nwgbj frl tcl ifgb knipnblbts nh fb fmvlrtgslilbt knpy F Knpy ilfbs f wrgttlb ifttlr gb fby fmvlrtgslilbt. Gt ify knbsgst nb`y nbl wnrm nr ifby wnrms. F knpy knbsgsts nh clfm`gbls, sueclfms, kfptgnbs ltk. ]cl knpy suppnrts tcl g`ùstrftgnb g`` ustrftgnb fbm knbtfgbs mlskrgptgnb nh tcl prnmukts ilrgts, mlilrgts, usls, slrvgkls ltk. 6. Efkdjrnubm. ]cl efkdjrnubm hnr tcl fmvlrtgslilbts scnu`m el snilwcft kftkcy fbm kn`nurhu`. ]cl frrfbjlilbt nh efkdjrnubm mghhlrs hrni ilmgui tn ilmgui fbm fmvlrtgslilbt tn fmvlrtgslilbt. Gb scnrt, efkdjrnubm scnu`m el sugtfe`l hnr tcl knbtlbts nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt. 5. Enrmlr. Gt gs mlhgblm fs tcl hrfil nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt. Enrmlr gs lip`nylm tn gipfrt tcl rlfmgbj ftinspclrl. ]cl enrmlr ify el `gjct nr clfvy, nevgnus, p`fgb nr hfbkghu`. ]cl enrmlr ify f`sn knbtfgb f `njn. ;. Kfptgnb. Gt rlhlrs tn tcl suetgt`l. Eut gb inst nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt gt gs knbvlrtlm gbtn clfmgbj nr sue-clfmgbj. =. Knupnb. Knupnb gs tcft pfrt nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt wcgkc gs gbtlbmlm hnr tcl knbvlbglbkl nh tcl prnsplktgvl kustnilr gb kniiubgkftgbj wgtc tcl fmvlrtgslr. ]cl knupnb iust knbtfgb tcl bfil fbm hu`` pnstf` fmmrlss nh tcl hgri h gri hn``nwlm ey tcl nhhlr. ]cl nhhlr scnu`m el erglh fbm k`lfr. ]clrl scnu`m el spfkl hnr bfil fbm fmmrlss nh tcl prnsplktgvl kustnilr. ]cl usuf` scfpl nh tcl knupnb gs trgfbju`fr trgfbju`fr nr rlktfbju`fr. <. Mlknrftgnb. Fmvlrtgslilbt mlknrftgnb gs tcl nrbfilbt nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt. ]cgs gs mnbl tn lipcfsgs tcl fmvlrtgslilbt ilssfjl. 8. Clfmgbj. ]cl clfmgbj nr clfm`gbl gs mlhgblm fs tcl tgt`l nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt. ]cl wnrms gb tcl clfmgbj scnu`m el scnrt. :. G`ùstrftgnb. G`ùstrftgnbs frl tcl pfrt nh `fynut tcft pgkturls tcl efsgk tclil nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt. Gt cfs tcl pnwlr tn kfpturl tcl fttlbtgnb nh tcl rlfmlr. ]cl fmvlrtgslilbts elknil rgkclr ey tcl usl nh g`ùstrftgnbs. 3. Ifsknt. Gt gs dbnwb fs tcl trfml kcfrfktlr nr trfml hgjurl. Gt gs fb g`ùstrftgnb nh lgtclr f rlf` nr fb gifjgbfry hgjurl nr plrsnbf`gty jgvlb gb tcl fmvlrtgslilbt. 7. Bfil _`ftl (`njn) ]cl bfil p`ftl nr bfil e`nkd gs tcl sgjbfturl nh tcl fmvlrtgslr. Gt rlprlslbts tcl plrsnbf`gty nh tcl knipfby fbm gts prnmukt. 6?. _rgkl Gt gs fbntclr pfrt nh `fynut. ]cl prgkl nh tcl prnmukt scnu`m el hlfturlm k`lfr`y. ]cl prgkl gs usuf``y tfdlb gb tcl knbkùmgbj `gbls nh tcl knpy. knp y. 66. _rnmukt Gt rlhlrs tn tcl rlprlslbtftgnb nh tcl prnmukt nhhlrlm hnr sf`l. F vlry pnpu`fr prfktgkl gs tn scnw tcl prnmukt gb usl wgtc g`ùstrftgnbs. 65. [`njfb. [`njfb gs f sf`ls frjuilbt. ]cl frrfbjlilbt nh s`njfb gb tcl `fynut gs mltlrigblm ey tcl gipnrtfbkl nh gts rl`ftgnb tn tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjl. 6;. [pfkl. [pfkl rlhlrs tn tcl lbtgrl spfkl `lht gb tcl spfkl cgrlm ey tcl fmvlrtgslr. ]cgs mlplbms nb tcl mlsgjb nh tcl knpy. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | <


6=. [ueclfmgbj. Gt gs f slknbmfry clfmgbj. Gt gs jgvlb tn suppnrt suppnrt tcl clfmgbj nr tn pgkd nut nut tcl vfrgnus sl``gbj pngbts jgvlb gb tcl tlxt. 6<. ]lxt. ]lxt nr enmy nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt rlhlrs tn tcl jlblrf` rlfmgbj ifttlr. Gt gs tcl suealkt ifttlr nh tcl knpy. Gt scnu`m el blgtclr tnn wgml bnr tnn bfrrnw. bfrr nw. 68. ]rfml ifrd. Gt gs f wnrm nr mlsgjb ey wcgkc f prnmukt gs mlhgblm. Gh tcl trfml, ifrds frl rljgstlrlm gt kfb el gbkùmlm gb tcl `fynut. V\F@G]GL[ NH FMXLU]G[LILB] KN_W-

]cl gipnrtfbt nh f jnnm fmvlrtgslilbt fmvlrtgslilbt knpy kfb cfrm`y el nvlrlipcfsgzlm. F`` tcl p`fbbgbj, rlslfrkc fbm lxplbsl wnu`m jn wfstl gh prnplr kfrl gs bnt tfdlb gb mrfhtgbj fb fmvlrtgslilbt knpy tcft wg`` fkcglvl tcl purpnsl purpnsl nh fmvlrtgsgbj. ]cl psykcn`njgkf` fgis nh fb fmvlrtgslilbt frl tcft tcl pue`gk iust el ifml tn (g) `nnd, (gg) `gdl, (ggg) `lfrb fbm (gv) euy. euy. Gb ntclr wnrms, f skglbtghgkf``y mrfhtlm knpy scnu`m (f) fttrfkt prgifry gbgtgf` fttlbtgnb, (e) cn`m fttlbtgnb gb fb gbtlrlstgbj wfy, fwfdlb fbm stgiu`ftl gbtlrlst, (k) ergbj fenut fb fssnkgftgnb nh giprlssgnb wcgkc wg`` cfvl plrifblbkl nr ilinry vfùl, (m) knbvgbkl plrsufml, fbm gbmukl tn purkcfsl tcl prnmukt, fbm (l) sujjlst fbm `lfm tn splkghgk rlspnbsl tn lbknurfjl tcl mlkgsgnb tn euy. ]cl plrsnb wcn mrfhts fbm prlpfrls tcl knpy, iust el tcnrnujc`y fkqufgbtlm wgtc tcl ilbtf` prnklss fbm el gifjgbftgvl gifjgbftgvl lbnujc lbnujc tn tcgbd nh wnrms fbm pfttlrbs wcgkc wcgkc ify prnmukl ft mlsgrlm lhhlkt nb prnsplkts g.l., gt iust krlftl fb urjl gb tcl igbms nh prnsplkts tn jn hnr tcl prnmukt fmvlrtgslm. [l`lktgnb nh f rgjct typl nh fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf gs f mghhgku`t tfsd. Fby ilmgf tcft gs sl`lktlm iust el kfpfe`l nh fkknip`gscgbj ft `lfst tcl tcrll ifgb nealktgvls1 6. Gt iust rlfkc tcl `frjlst buielr nh plnp`l pnssge`l. 5. Gt iust fttrfkt tclgr fttlbtgnb. ;. Gt iust el lknbnigkf`.

Eut gb prfktgkl tclrl gs cfrm`y fby sgbj`l ilmgf tcft sftgshgls tcl fenvl tcrll nealktgvls. ]clrl frl buielr nh fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf kcngkls fvfg`fe`l tn tcl knipfby gb Gbmgf. Cnwlvlr, tcl rlf` ifbfjlrgf` tfsd gs tn gmlbtghy hrni finbj tcli tcl nbl (s) wcgkc gs rl`lvfbt hnr tcl knipfby. Hnr tcgs purpnsl, tcl ifbfjlilbt scnu`m s cnu`m knbsgmlr tcl hn``nwgbj hfktnrs1 6. ]cl Bfturl nh tcl _rnmukt1 ]cl bfturl nh tcl prnmukt mltlrigbls tcl kcngkl nh tcl

fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. Hnr gbstfbkl, kgblif, tl`lvgsgnb, kn`nur plrgnmgkf`s wnu`m el tcl nevgnus kcngkl hnr prnmukts `gdl hfergks fbm tng`lts rlqugrgbj vgsuf` prlslbtftgnb. Gb tcgs knbblktgnb, ifbfjlilbt scnu`m mlvl`np f prnmukt-ilmgf iftkc. 5. Ifrdlt Ulqugrlilbts1 Zcg`l sl`lktgbj fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf, tcl knipfby‗s ifrdlt

rlqugrlilbts scnu`m el knbsgmlrlm. Zclb tcly illt tclsl rlqugrlilbts, tcly `lbm tclisl`vls tn jnnm usl. Hnr lxfip`l, splkgf`gslm cgjc hfscgnb kn`nur ifjfzgbls wnu`m el tcl prnplr ilmgf hnr knbsuilrs wgtc cgjc gbknil jrnups fbm snpcgstgkftlm tfstls. [gig`fr`y, nutmnnr ilmgf wnu`m el fpprnprgftl wclb knbsuilr fktgnb gs tn el gbmuklm ft tcl pngbt nh purkcfsl. ;. Fmvlrtgsgbj Nealktgvls1 ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj nealktgvls f`sn mltlrigbl tcl typl nh ilmgf tn el

sl`lktlm. Hnr lxfip`l, tcl prlss gs prlhlrrlm tn prnalkt knrpnrftl gifjl wcg`l rfmgn fbm tl`lvgsgnb gs rl`lvfbt hnr prnmukt fmvlrtgsgbj. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 8


=. Mgstrgeutgnb [trftljy1 ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf scnu`m el knipftge`l wgtc tcl mgstrgeutgnb

strftljy fmnptlm ey tcl knipfby. Hnr lxfip`l, gh tcl knipfby gs sl``gbj tcrnujc igmm`lilb wcn`lsf`lrs fbm rltfg`lrs ltk., tclb nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf mu`y suppnrtlm ey tl`lvgsgnb, rfmgn fbm kgblif ltk. ify cl`p tn pu`` tcl prnmukt nut nh kcfbbl`. <. Bfturl nh tcl Ilssfjl fbm Fpplf`s1 ]cl bfturl nh fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjl fpplf` f`sn

mltlrigbls tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf hnr f knipfby. ]cl ilmgf scnu`m el fe`l tn kfrry tcl ilssfjl fbm fpplf` tn tcl rgjct plrsnbs gb tcl plrsplktgvl. Hnr lxfip`l, gh tgil gs tcl lsslbkl nh kniiubgkftgnb, mfg`y blwspfplr fbm rfmgn ify el tcl elst kcngkl. Ifss knbsuiptgnb gtlis `gdl snfps, tnntcpfstls, cfgr ng` ltk. ify mltlrigbl tl`lvgsgnb, blwspfplrs fs tcl elst sl`lktgnb. 8. Eumjlt1 ]cl eumjlt fvfg`fe`l hnr fmvlrtgsgbj purpnsl wg`` mlkgml tcl kcngkl nh ilmgf nh

fmvlrtgsgbj. Hnr lxfip`l, f ifbuhfkturlr cfvgbj knipfrftgvl`y `frjl hubms hnr fmvlrtgsgbj ify kcnnsl tl`lvgsgnb nr rfmgn nr entc fs f ilmgf nh fmvlrtgsgbj. Nb tcl ntclr cfbm, f ilmgui nr sif`` sgzlm eusgblssifb ify prlhlr blwspfplr fbm ifjfzgbl ifjfzg bl fs fb fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. :. Knipltgtnrs Kcngkls1 F knipfby scnu`m f`sn tfdl gbtn fkknubt tcl wgsmni nh knipltgtnrs‗

ilmgf kcngkls mlspgtl mghhlrlbkls gb fmvlrtgsgbj nealktgvls fbm fpprnprgftgnbs. Gt gs bnt mlsgrfe`l tn nutrgjct mgsigss tclgr kcngkls. Jlblrf``y, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf uslm ey knipltgtnrs frl prlhlrrlm sn fs tn ifdl fb giprlssgvl fpplf` hnr tcl prnmukt. 3. Ilmgf Kgrku`ftgnb1 ]cl knipfby scnu`m tfdl gbtn fkknubt tcl kgrku`ftgnb nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj

ilmgf. Ilmgf kgrku`ftgnb iust iftkc tcl mgstrgeutgnb pfttlrb nh tcl prnmukt. ]cgs fpp`gls tn tcl prlss ilmgf. ilmgf. Kgrku`ftgnb scnu`m bnt el knbhuslm knbhuslm wgtc rlfmlrscgp. Kgrku`ftgnb ilfbs tcl buielr buielr nh knpgls sn`m fhtlr mlmuktgnb nh hrll knpgls, rlturbs fbm ntclr mghhlrlbkls eltwllb tcl tntf` buielr nh prgbtlm knpgls fbm tntf` buielr sn`m ft hu`` prgkl. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf sl`lktlm scnu`m cfvl ifxgiui kgrku`ftgnb, sukc fs Cgbmustfb ]gils ltk. 7. Ilmgf Fvfg`feg`gty1 ]cl qulstgnb nh ilmgf fvfg`feg`gty gs qugtl rl`lvfbt wcg`l knbsgmlrgbj

fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf f`tlrbftgvls elkfusl bnt f`` ilmgfs frl fvfg`fe`l tn f knipfby ft f`` tgils wclblvlr =? rlqugrlm. Hnr gbstfbkl, gb 67:;, fbm 67:=, nwgbj tn fkutl blwsprgbt scnrtfjl, spfkl fvfg`feg`gty gb bftgnbf` mfg`gls wfs f rlf` prne`li. 6?. _lbltrftgnb1 Cnw kfb wl plbltrftl tcl ifrdlt inst tcnrnujc`y nr cnw kfb wl rlfkc tcl

jrlftlst buielr nh pntlbtgf` kustnilrs gs f`sn fb gipnrtfbt hfktnr gbhùlbkgbj tcl kcngkl nh f pfrtgku`fr fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. [cf`` wl rlfkc cnuslwgvls ft tcl dgtkclb-sgbd ey ilfbs nh tl`lvgsgnb nr rfmgn fbm wcgkc gs `gdl`y tn cfvl tcl jrlftlr gipfkt> ]cgs hfkt scnu`m el knbsgmlrlm. 66. [gzl fbm Bfturl nh tcl Eusgblss Lbtlrprgsl1 ]cl sgzl fbm bfturl nh tcl eusgblss lbtlrprgsl

f`sn p`fy fb gipnrtfbt pfrt gb ifdgbj f kcngkl hnr tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. Mghhlrlbt ilmgf wg`` sugt tn mlpfrtilbtf` stnrls, kcfgb stnrls, sif`` scnps, ifbuhfkturlrs fbm prnmuklrs ltk. F egj eusgblss lbtlrprgsl ify ifdl usl nh tl`lvgsgnb, rfmgn fbm blwspfplrs cfvgbj cfvgbj bftgnbf` bltwnrd, wclrlfs f sif`` ubgt ify prlhlr `nkf` blwspfplrs fbm kgblif-s`gmls ltk.

_UL[[ BLZ[ _F_LU IFJFQGBL FBM AN\UBF@

_rlss fmvlrtgsgbj gs tcl inst pnpu`fr fbm lhhlktgvl iltcnm nh pue`gkgty tnmfy. Gt cfs elknil tcl pfrt nh tcl ku`turl fbm pn`gtgkf` `ghl nh plnp`l tnmfy. _rlss, f`sn rlhlrrlm tn fs prgbt, gs fb fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf kniprgsgbj f`` tcnsl vlcgk`ls nwblm ey ntclrs fbm wcgkc kfb kfrry tcl _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | :


fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjl gb prgbt tn el rlfm ey tfrjlt kustnilrs. Gb Gbmgf, tcgs ilmgf gs vlry kniinb`y uslm ey knipfbgls fbm fkknubt hnr blfr`y :? plr klbt nh tclgr tntf` lxplbmgturl nb fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. Hnris nr ]ypls1 _rlss fmvlrtgsgbj tfdls tcl hn``nwgbj twn ifanr hnris1 6. Blwspfplrs1 B_ Blwspfplrs frl enujct `frjl`y hnr tclgr blws vfùls. Blwspfplrs

ify el bftgnbf`/`nkf` mfg`y/wlld`y. ]clsl frl =3 f jnnm vlcgk`l tn pfss nb gbhnriftgnb fenut blw prnmukts, kurrlbt prnmukts fbm prgkl-nhh mlf`s. ]cly kfb el uslm hnr `nkf`, bftgnbf` fbm rljgnbf` ifrdlt knvlrfjl. Gb Gbmgf, tclrl frl f buielr nh blwspfplrs entc gb Lbj`gsc fbm f`sn gb rljgnbf` `fbjufjls. Ifby blwspfplrs gb Lbj`gsc fbm Cgbmg cfvl bftgnbwgml knvlrfjl. [n, f ilssfjl jgvlb gb blwspfplrs ify if y cfvl f elttlr giprlssgnb nb tcl igbms nh tcl plnp`l fbm gt ify el inrl splkghgk, k`lfr, knip`lx fbm `lbjtcy. Kurrlbt`y, 66:; mfg`y blwspfplrs fbm <53? wlld`y blwspfplrs frl pue`gsclm gb Gbmgf, nut nh wcgkc tcl `frjlst buielr gs fkknubtlm hnr ey tcl Cgbmg `fbjufjl blwspfplrs hn``nwlm ey \rmu, Ifrftcg fbm Lbj`gsc blwspfplrs gb tlris nh buielr, fbm Lbj`gsc, Cgbmg, If`fyf`fi, Ifrftcg fbm Juafrftg gb tlris nh kgrku`ftgnb. Finbj tcl stftls, tcl `frjlst buielr nh blwspfplrs frl pue`gsclm gb \ttfr _rfmlsc hn``nwlm ey Ifcfrfsctrf fbm Dfrbftfdf. Finbj tcl prnigblbt bftgnbf` Lbj`gsc `fbjufjl mfg`gls frl tcl ]gils nh Gbmgf, Cgbmustfb, Gbmgfb Lxprlss, [tftlsifb fbm Lknbnigk ]gils ltk., wclrlfs finbj tcl bftgnbf` Cgbmg `fbjufjl mfg`gls gbkùml Cgbmustfb ]gils, Bfvecfrft ]gils, Bftgnbf` Mubgf fbm gb Ufafstcfb - Ufafstcfb _ftrgdf. Ilrgts nh blwspfplr fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf 6. ]clgr knvlrfjl gs cgjc fs tcly rlfkc lvlry bnnd fbm knrblr gb f vlry scnrt tgil. 5. ]cly nhhlr f `nt nh h`lxgeg`gty. Fkknrmgbj tn tcl knbvlbglbkl fbm blklssgty nh tcl

fmvlrtgslr, tcl scfpl, sgzl fbm fpplf` ify if y el hrlqulbt`y kcfbjlm tn sugt tcl bllm nh tcl fmvlrtgslr. ;. Cgjc hrlqulbky lbfe`ls spllmy prlpfrftgnb fbm pue`gkftgnb nh fmvlrtgslilbt. =. Gt gs tcl kclfplst ilmgf nh fmvlrtgsgbj fs hfr fs gts knst plr rlfmlr gs knbklrblm. <. ]cl mfg`y blwspfplr cfvl strnbj rlpltgtgvl vfùl fs gt nhhlrs fb nppnrtubgty tn tcl fmvlrtgslr tn rlplft gs ilssfjl ft f scnrt gbtlrvf` nh nb`y nbl mfy. 8. ]cl pue`gk rlspnbsl tnwfrms blwspfplr fmvlrtgsgbj gs vlry qugkd. :. Ey gbslrtgbj `nkf` fmvlrtgslilbts (gb `nkf` blwspfplrs), tcl lhhlktgvlblss nh fmvlrtgsgbj knpy knu`m el tlstlm qugtl lfsg`y. 3. Ey gbslrtgbj hrlqulbt fmvlrtgslilbts gb tcl blwspfplrs, tclgr vgsuf` fpplf`s ify el krlftlm vlry lfsg`y. 7. ]cl rlputftgnb nh tcl blwspfplrs gs fvfg`fe`l tn tcl fmvlrtgslrs fbm tclgr prnmukts f`sn. @lfmgbj blwspfplrs prnvgml spfkl tn rlputlm fbm rl`gfe`l knbklrbs nb`y. nb` y. 6?. Blwspfplr fmvlrtgsgbj prnvgmls jlnjrfpcgk sl`lktgvgty. Mlilrgts nr @gigtftgnbs nh Blwspfplr Fmvlrtgsgbj Ilmgf1 6. ]cl `ghl nh f blwspfplr gs vlry scnrt, g.l., nb`y hnr tcl mfy. Gt gs sfgm, ‐Bntcgbj gs f`gvl fs tnmfy‗s blwspfplr’ fbm ‐Bntcgbj gs mlfm fs ylstlrmfy‗s blwspfplr.’


_fjl | 3


5. ]clrl gs wfstl nh kgrku`ftgnb. ]cl fmvlrtgslilbt gs kfrrglm lvlb tn tcnsl p`fkls wclrl tclrl gs bn ifrdlt lxgstgbj bnr tcl pnssgeg`gty nh krlftgbj f blw ifrdlt gb tcl blfr huturl. ;. Gh tcl kustnilrs frl `gigtlm gb buielrs, fmvlrtgsgbj gb blwspfplrs ify el gblhhlktgvl fbm knst`y tnn. =. Xgsuf` lhhlkts ify bnt el krlftlm gb prfktgkl fs tcl blwspfplrs frl jlblrf``y prgbtlm nb kclfp blwsprgbt. <. ]clrl gs `fkd nh ubghnrigty gb fmvlrtgsgbj rlqugrlilbts. @fkd nh ubghnrigty nh pue`gsclrs„ rlqugrlilbts wgtc rlsplkt tn rftls, sgzl, typl nh knpy fbm sn nb. 8. Blwspfplr fmvlrtgsgbj gs `lss pnpu`fr gb ubmlvl`nplm knubtrgls wclrl tcl ifssls

frl g``gtlrftl gjbnrfbt fbm pnnr. Zcft gs ]rfml Anurbf`> F pue`g p ue`gkf kftgnb tgnb knv k nv l rgbj, rgbj, fbm gbtlbm l m tn rlfkc, rlf kc, f s pl kghgk kghgk gbmus try nr n r typl typ l nh eus e us gbl gbl s s . 5. Ifjfzgbls fbm Anurbf`s1 Fbntclr ilmgf ubmlr prlss fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf gs ifjfzgbls

fbm anurbf`s. ]cly nhhlr sl`lktgvl kgrku`ftgnb tcrnujcnut tcl knubtry ft f knst wgtcgb rlfsnbfe`l eumjlt `gigts. ]clsl frl pue`gsclm plrgnmgkf``y ft rlju`fr gbtlrvf`s, g.l., wlld`y, hnrtbgjct`y, inbtc`y, qufrtlr`y nr fbbuf``y. Ifjfzgbls fbm Anurbf`s frl rlfm ft `lgsurl fbm wgtc kfrl wclb tcl rlfmlr gs ilbtf``y prlpfrlm tn rlklgvl tcl fmvlrtgslilbts. Gt cfs f `nbj lhhlktgvl `ghl. Hrni tcl fmvlrtgslr‗s pngbt nh vglw,

ifjfzgbls ify el k`fssghglm ubmlr hgvl jrnups1 (g) [plkgf` Gbtlrlst Ifjfzgbls4 (gg) ]rfml Ifjfzgbls4 (ggg) ]lkcbgkf` Ifjfzgbls4 (gv) _rnhlssgnbf` Ifjfzgbls4 fbm (v) Uljgnbf` Ifjfzgbls. Ilrgts nh Ifjfzgbls fbm Anurbf`s1

6. ]cl `ghl nh ifjfzgbl gs knbsgmlrfe`y `nbjlr tcfb tcft nh blwspfplrs. ]clsl frl dlpt rlfmy hnr wllds fbm inbtcs. 5. Elttlr rlprnmuktgnb nh fmvlrtgslilbt tcfb blwspfplrs frl prnvgmlm. ;. Ifjfzgbls frl cgjc`y sl`lktgvl gb bfturl fbm wfstl wfs tl nh kgrku`ftgnb gs fvngmlm. f vngmlm. =. Ifjfzgbl fmvlrtgsgbj krlftl prlstgjl, rlputftgnb rlputftgn b fbm fb gifjl nh quf`gty. <. ]cl buielr nh rlfmlrs plr knpy gb kfsl nh ifjfzgbl fmvlrtgsgbj gs qugtl cgjc. ]clrl gs iu`tgp`gkgty nh rlfmlrscgp. Mlilrgts nr @gigtftgnbs nh Ifjfzgbl fbm Anurbf` Fmvlrtgsgbj1

6. ]cl kcglh mlilrgt nh ifjfzgbl fmvlrtgsgbj gs gts `nw h`lxgeg`gty. 5. _rlpfrftgnb knsts hnr ifjfzgbl knpy frl usuf``y rftclr cgjc fbm sniltgils lxkllm tcl knst nh tcl spfkl uslm gb trfml ifjfzgbls. ;. ]cl kgrku`ftgnb gs `gigtlm fs knipfrlm tn blwspfplr fmvlrtgsgbj. =. Gt tfdls inrl tgil gb prgbtgbj ltk. tcfb blwspfplr fmvlrtgsgbj. <. ]cl sgzl nh ifjfzgbls mghhlrs wgml`y fbm clbkl tcl fmvlrtgslr cfs tn prlpfrl tcl knpy nh fmvlrtgslilbt fkknrmgbj tn tcl sgzl nh tcl t cl ifjfzgbl fbm anurbf`. 8. Kcfbjl gb fpplf` kfbbnt el lhhlktgvl qugkd`y

F CN\[L NUJFB (f`sn vfrgnus`y dbnwb fs fb gb-cnusl ifjfzgbl, gb-cnusl pue`gkftgnb, cnusl anurbf`, scnp pfplr, p`fbt pfplr, nr lip`nyll ifjfzgbl) gs _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 7


f ifjfzgbl if jfzgbl nr plrgnmgkf` pue`gsclm ey f knipfby knipfby hnr gts kustnilrs nr gts lip`nylls. ]cgs bfil bfil mlrgvls hrni tcl usl nh "nrjfb" fs rlhlrrgbj tn f plrgnmgkf` hnr f splkgf` gbtlrlst jrnup. Cnusl nrjfbs knil gb twn typls, gbtlrbf` fbm lxtlrbf`. Fb gbtlrbf` cnusl nrjfb gs ilfbt hnr knbsuiptgnb ey tcl lip`nylls nh tcl knipfby fs f kcfbbl` nh kniiubgkftgnb hnr tcl ifbfjlilbt. Fb lxtlrbf` cnusl nrjfb gs ilfbt hnr knbsuiptgnb ey tcl kustnilrs nh tcl knipfby, fbm ify el lgtclr f hrll rlju`fr blws`lttlr, nr fb fktuf` kniilrkgf` prnmukt gb gts nwb rgjct. Fb lxfip`l nh f kniilrkgf` cnusl nrjfb gs tcl Fvf`nb Cg`` Jlblrf`. ]cgs cfm bn nutsgml fmvlrtgsgbj (usuf``y f ifanr pnrtgnb nh f ifjfzgbl's eumjlt). Gt hlfturlm blws, strftljy frtgk`ls, vfrgfbts, fbm lssfys nb jfil mlsgjb ” f`` f`` fenut Fvf`nb Cg`` jfils. Ilfbgbj nh Nutmnnr nr Iurf` Fmvlrtgsgbj1 Nutmnnr nr iurf` fmvlrtgsgbj gs tcl n`mlst hnri nh fmvlrtgsgbj fbm rlifgbs tcl inst kniinb ilmgf lvlb tnmfy. Gt gs f`sn kf``lm ‒wf`` fmvlrtgsgbj„. Nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj knbsgsts nh f mgsp`fy nh fmvlrtgslilbts nut nh mnnr wcgkc

ify el gb tcl hnri nh pnstlrs, pnstl rs, pfgbtlm sgjbs, hgl`m sgjbs, blnb `gjct `g jct sgjbs, cnfrmgbjs fbm pnstlrs kfrrglm ey sfbmwgkc-ilb. ]cgs gs f`sn rlhlrrlm tn fs iurf` fmvlrtgsgbj fs pnstlrs knbsgstgbj nh f pgkturl, frl nhtlb p`fklm nb wf``s pfrtgku`fr`y f `frjl nbl, prgbtlm mgrlkt`y nb f wf`` nr `frjl pcntnjrfpc fttfkclm ft tfkclm mgrlkt`y tn f wf``. [if`` p`fy kfrms nr pnstlrs p`fklm nutsgml nr gbsgml kfrrgfjls sukc fs trfis, ml`gvlry-vfbs, eusls, rfg`wfy kfrrgfjls ltk. f`sn knil ubmlr tcgs kftljnry. ]cl blw hnri nh fmvlrtgsgbj ey usgbj ef``nnbs, dgtls fbm sindl-wrgtgbj sindl-wrgtg bj gb tcl sdy gs f`sn f pfrt nh nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj. Nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj gs bnt f`wfys frjuilbtftgvl eut sujjlstgvl. ]cl lhhlktgvlblss nh sukc fmvlrtgsgbj iftlrgf``y mlplbms nb gts pnsgtgnbs. ]clrlhnrl, nutmnnr fmvlrtgslilbts iust el p`fklm gb sukc f wfy fs kfb el sllb ey f `frjl buielr nh prnsplktgvl kustnilrs wgtc fip`l fttlbtgnb. ]cl frtgk`ls sugtlm hnr sukc fmvlrtgsgbj frl tcnsl wcgkc tcl ifssls kfb euy, sukc fs hnnm prnmukts, snfps, ilmgkgbls, kgjfrlttls, scnls, k`ntcls fbm ntclr mnilstgk rlqugrlilbts. Ifgb Kcfrfktlrgstgks nh Nutmnnr Fmvlrtgsgbj

6. Gt gs f wgmlsprlfm pnpu`fr fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf wcgkc ifdls tcl t cl jnnms fbm slrvgkls nh gbtlrlst tn ifss fpplf`. 5. Gt cfs f knipfrftgvl`y `nbjlr `ghl. ;. Gt cfs f cgjc knvlrfjl. =. Inst nutmnnr fmvlrtgslilbts frl egj fbm mnigbfbt sn gt gs f vlry pnwlrhu` lyl-kftkcgbj ilmgf. <. Gt gs f vlry h`lxge`l fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf sn tcft tcl fmvlrtgslr kfb rltfgb sgtls wclrl cl bllms tcli inst. 8. Gt gs tcl n`mlst fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. :. Gt f`sn knbsgsts nh sugtfe`l fbm pnpu`fr s`njfbs wcgkc kfb el lfsg`y rlilielrlm ey tcl prnsplkts. ]ypls, Hnris nr Dgbms nh Nutmnnr Fmvlrtgsgbj 6. _nstlrs1 ]cgs gs tcl inst kniinb fbm pnpu`fr hnri nh nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj. ]clsl frl

lxcgegtlm nb f cnfrmgbj nr nb wf``s, rnnhs, hlbkls, kcgiblys ltk. F rlf``y kniifbmgbj lhhlkt kfb el prnmuklm ey pnstlrs wcgkc knst `lss tcfb fby ntclr fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf. Mlsgjb gs tcl _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 6?


efsgs nh f`` pnstlr-fmvlrtgsgbj. ]clsl inst`y inst` y knbtfgb pgkturls. Fmvlrtgsgbj hnr f invgl gs mnbl gb tcgs wfy. Lvlb wclrl bn pgkturls frl uslm, tcl prnplr frrfbjlilbt nh `lttlrgbj gs gipnrtfbt. ]cl pnstlrs scnu`m el sgip`l, fttrfktgvl fbm kfpfe`l nh tl``gbj tl`` gbj gts stnry ft f j`fbkl. _nstlrs f`sn jgvl knbsgmlrfe`l sknpl hnr tcl usl nh sugtfe`l fbm fttrfktgvl kn`nurs. Cuinur kfb f`sn el uslm wgtc fmvfbtfjl gb pnstlr-fmvlrtgsgbj. 5. Fmvlrtgsgbj Enfrm1 ]clsl frl f`sn pnstlrs wcgkc frl dlpt ft klrtfgb hgxlm p`fkls lsplkgf``y

ft pngbts wclrl plnp`l hrlqulbt`y fsslie`l, sukc fs eus stnps, rfg`wfys, krnssgbjs ltk. Jlblrf``y, tclsl fmvlrtgsgbj enfrms frl ifml nh iltf``gk scllt lbk`nslm gb f wnnmlb hrfil fbm hgxlm wgtc f pfbl` cfvgbj splkghglm clgjct ft ifgb aubktgnbs. ]clsl frl hgxlm fbm wl`` slt wgtc h`nnm-`gjcts. ;. Xlcgk`l Fmvlrtgsgbj1 Gt rlhlrs tn invgbj fmvlrtgslilbt. Gt knbsgsts nh p`fkgbj p`fk gbj pnstlrs nr p`fy

kfrms gbsgml nr nutsgml vlcgk`ls sukc fs trfis, eusls, tfxgls, ml`gvlry-vfbs, rfg`wfy kfrrgfjls ltk. ]cl ifgb fmvfbtfjl nh tcgs systli gs tcl sif`` spfkl fvfg`fe`l hnr sukc pnstlrs. ]clsl pnstlrs frl fr l hfgr`y h fgr`y sgjctlm ey tcl lyls fbm kfb el lfsg`y rlfm. ]cgs iltcnm gs f vlry vlr y kniinb ilmgf fbm gs knbsgmlrlm tn el vlry lhhlktgvl. =. L`lktrgk Mgsp`fys fbm [gjbs1 [gjbs g`ùigbftlm ey l`lktrgkgty frl tnmfy tn el sllb gb `frjl

buielr gb kgtgls. ]cgs gs tcl inst inmlrb fbm tcl inst fttrfktgvl hnri nh nutmnnr mgsp`fy. Gt ify knbsgst nh wnnmlb `lttlrs stummlm wgtc euès. [niltgils wgtc f vglw tn fttrfkt tcl fttlbtgnb, kn`nurlm euès frl uslm fbm tcl kn`nurs frl kcfbjlm ft scnrt gbtlrvf`s. Fbntclr mlvgkl uslm tn fttrfkt fttlbtgnb gs tn turb nb tcl `gjct nb lfkc `lttlr ft f tgil tn jgvl tcl giprlssgnb nh tcl sgjb elgbj wrgttlb ey fb gbvgsge`l cfbm. <. Blnb [gjbs1 ]clrl frl erg``gfbt`y kn`nurlm tuels fvfg`fe`l gb vfrgnus scfmls. ]clsl kfb el

nh tcl stg`` nr tcl h`fscgbj typl. ]clsl sgjbs frl inrl fttrfktgvl fbm gbtlrlstgbj tcfb tcl sgjbs eug`t up ey f buielr buielr nh l`lktrgk euès. 8. [dy Fmvlrtgsgbj ([dy Zrgtgbj)1 [dy fmvlrtgsgbj gs fbntclr inmlrb hnri nh nutmnnr

fmvlrtgsgbj. Gb tcgs hnri nh fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf fb flrnp`fbl wrgtls tcl bfil nh tcl prnmukt nr tcl prnmuklr gb tcl sdy. Gt gs f`sn dbnwb fs ‒sindl wrgtgbj„ elkfusl tcl ilssfjl gs wrgttlb gb

tcl sdy ey ilfbs nh sindl. @frjl sgzlm prgbtlm ef``nnbs frl f`sn mrnpplm hrni tcl flrnp`fbl gb tcl sdy. \suf``y, blfr tcl kgrkus-tlbts, f `frjl sgzlm ef``nnb gs h`nftlm nb wcgkc tcl bfil nh tcl kgrkus gs wrgttlb Ilrgts nh Nutmnnr Fmvlrtgsgbj Ilmgf

6. Gt cfs f wgml knvlrfjl. 5. Gt gs kfpfe`l nh jfgbgbj inrl fttlbtgnb nh tcl pue`gk. ;. Nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj gs inrl uslhu` hnr `nkf` mlf`lrs. Gts rlsu`ts kfb el inrl rlfmg`y slkurlm ey usgbj tcgs hnri nh fmvlrtgsgbj. =. Gb egj kgtgls fbm cgjc trfhhgk frlfs, nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj gs tcl inst lhhlktgvl hnri nh fmvlrtgsgbj. <. Nutmnnr fmvlrtgsgbj gs inrl h`lxge`l. 8. Gt nhhlrs jrlftlr sl`lktgvgty sl`l ktgvgty elkfusl gt kfb el uslm `nkf``y, `nkf`` y, rljgnbf``y nr lvlb bftgnbf``y. :. Gt kfb el lfsg`y rlilielrlm. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 66


3. Gt gs qugtl lknbnigkf`. 7. Gt cfs knipfrftgvl`y `nbj `ghl. 6?. Gt gs f vlry jnnm ilmgf tn strlss erfbm bfils fbm pfkdfjl gmlbtgty. Mlilrgts nr @gigtftgnbs nh Nutmnnr Fmvlrtgsgbj Ilmgf

6. Gt gs suealkt tn fmvlrsl rlfktgnb nh tcl pue`gk nb tcl jrnubm tcft tcl wf``s nh tcl cnusls frl uslm hnr wrgtgbj nutmnnr fmvlrtgslilbt lvlb wgtcnut tcl plrigssgnb plrigss gnb nh tcl nwblr nh tcl cnusl. 5. ]cl ilssfjl wrgttlb ubmlr tcgs typl nh fmvlrtgsgbj gs tnn erglh. ;. ]cl lxfkt lhhlkt krlftlm nb prnsplkts gs mghhgku`t tn ilfsurl. =. ]cl `fbjufjl uslm gb wrgtgbj nb tcl wf`` fmvlrtgsgbj gs usuf``y mlhlktgvl fbm sniltgils giinrf` tnn. Gt cfs fb fmvlrsl lhhlkt nb tcl pue`gk.

Znilb fbm Kcg`mrlb‗s Ifjfzgbls Fkknrmgbj tn stftgstgks, wnilb rlfm inrl tcfb ilb. Znilb dbnw cnw tn rlfm prnplr`y, wcg`l ilb cfvl f mlsu`tnry fbm, ft elst, kfsuf` fpprnfkc tn ennds1 tcgs gs tcl hgbmgbj nh f survly gbtn tcl bftgnb's `gtlrfry cfegts. Nut nh tcl tnp ifjfzgbls gb tcl knubtry, fìnst 8? % nh tcl rlfmlrs el`nbj tn Hlif`l Jlbmlr. ]cgs stftgstgk f`nbl wnu`m el el suhhgkglbt tn gbmgkftl tcl gipnrtfbkl nh fmvlrtgsgbj gb wnilb‗s ifjfzgbl. ]cl prgifry fgi nh fmvlrtgsgbj gs tn jlt f ilssfjl nvlr tn

f `frjl buielr nh plnp`l. ]clrl frl ifby inmls nh fmvlrtgsgbj fbm gb tcft Ifjfzgbls f`sn hgbms f krukgf` rn`l. Zclb wnilb‗s ifjfzgbls frl tcl inst snujct ifjfzgbls gb tcl wnr`m, gt gs bnt nb`y `njgkf` eut f`sn lknbnigkf` tn fmvlrtgsl gb tcli tn fkcglvl f ifxgiui rlsu`t. Kcg`mrlb‗s Ifjfzgbls p`fy fbntclr rn`l nh lbjfjgbj tcl igbms nh pfrlbts. Kcg`mrlb frl nb`y

tcl lbm-uslrs nh tcl ifjfzgbl, eut tcl rlf` euylrs frl pfrlbts, wcn frl vu`blrfe`l tn tcl lintgnbf` fpplf`s nh tclgr kcg`mrlb. [n fmvlrtgsgbj prnmukts `gdl tnys, kcnkn`ftls ltk tcrnujc kcg`mrlb‗s ifjfzgbl wg`` cl`p gb tcl sf`l nh prnmukt ey lintgnbf` fpplf`. Kcg`mrlb tclisl`vls

elknil tcl sf`lsplrsnb urjgbj tclgr pfrlbts tn euy f pfrtgku`fr prnmukt. Eut, tcl prnmukts tcft knu`m el fmvlrtgslm gb kcg`mrlb‗s ifjfzgbl hf``s gb f vlry bfrrnw kftljnry.

[nuvlbgr F snuvlbgr, ililbtn, dllpsfdl, nr tndlb nh rlilierfbkl gs fb nealkt f plrsnb fkqugrls hnr tcl ilinrgls tcl ilinrgls tcl nwblr fssnkgftls wgtc gt. F snuvlbgr kfb el fby nealkt tcft kfb el kn``lktlm nr purkcfslm fbm trfbspnrtlm cnil ey tcl trfvl``lr fs f ililbtn nh f vgsgt. Jnrmnb (6738) mlhgblm snuvlbgrs fs snil splkghgk nealkts tcft rligbmlm klrtfgb anurbly nr gbkgmlbt. ]cl lxgstlbkl nh snuvlbgrs knu`m cl`p vgsgtnrs lxp`nrl mlhgbgtgnb fbm stfy gb knbtfkt wgtc f trfvl` lxplrglbkl bnt `nbj fjn, fbm tnurgsts purkcfsl snuvlbgrs fs f prnnh nh tcl p`fkls tcly cfvl vgsgtlm. [wfbsnb tcnujct snuvlbgrs wlrl splkghgk nealkts tcft slrvlm fs rligbmlrs nh f splkgf` lvlbt nr ilinry, fbm tcgs gbkùmlm pnst kfrms, ] fbm tcgs gbkùmlm pnst kfrms, ] scgts, fbm `nkf` krfhts. scgts, fbm `nkf` krfhts. Jnrmnb (6738) prnpnslm tcft snuvlbgrs knu`m el put gbtn hgvl kftljnrgls1 • (6) _gktnrgf` gifj ls

@gtlrf


_fjl | 65


(6) _gktnrgf` gifjls ‛ sukc fs pnstkfrms, pcntnjrfpcs, g`ùstrftlm ennds fenut pfrtgku`fr rljgnbs, fbm _ndlr kfrms wgtc `nkf` gifjls. • _glkl-nh-tcl-rnkd’ snuvlbgrs ‛ tclsl tclsl wlrl usuf``y bfturf` iftlrgf`s nr nealkts sukc fs (5) ‐_glkl-nh-tcl-rnkd’

fturl rlvgltclsl wlrl usuf``y bfturf` iftlrgf`s nr nealkts, sukc fs rnkds, scl``s, nr pgblknbls, tfdlb hrni tcl bfturf` lbvgrnbilbt. •

(;) [yien`gk scnrtcfbm snuvlbgrs ‛ tclsl tclsl wlrl usuf`` y ifbuhfkturlm prnmukts gb g b `fr jl lw y pj qufbtgtgls, fbm wfs rl`ftlm tn f rlf` nealkt nr inbuilbt, prlslbtgbj f `fbmifrd sklblry. ´ Lxfip`ls gbkùmlm f igbgfturl Lghhl` ]nwlr hrni _frgs, Hrfbkl nr f igbgfturl eug`mgbj nh Blw Wnrd Kgty. (=) [nil typls nh snuvlbgrs igjct nhhlr bn rlhlrlbkl tn f nhhlr bn rlhlrlbkl tn f pfrtgku`fr p`fkl fbm frl gbskrgelm wgtc wnrms wcgkc, gmlbtghgls tcli gb p`fkl fbm tgil. ‛ Hnr Hnr lxfip`l, f ]-scgrt, wcgkc cfm `gtt`l ilfbgbj ey gtsl`h eut wfs ifrdlm ‐Jrfbm Kfb ynb’ elkfi l f snuvlbgr hu`` nh ilinrgls. (<) @nkf` prnmukt snuvlbgrs ‛ tcgs tcgs dgbm nh snuvlbgrs gbkùmlm f vfrglty nh nealkts sukc fs ltcbgk hnnms fbm krfhts tcft knu`m el ernujct efkd. Gbmustrgf` Fmvlrtgsgbj1 ]cgs typl nh fmvlrtgsgbj gs uslm ey ifbuhfkturlrs fbm mgstrgeutnrs nh

gbmustrgf` jnnms. [ukc fs, ifkcgblry, p`fbts, lqugpilbts, spfrl pfrts fbm knipnblbts, fbm frl mgrlktlm ft gbmustrgf` uslrs nr kustnilrs. [ukc fmvlrtgslilbts usuf``y fpplfr gb trfml anurbf`s, trfml mgktgnbfrgls, eusgblss ifjfzgbls fbm sn nb. ]cl fpplf` ifml gs tfktuf` fbm rftgnbf`.

Ennd`lt Fmvlrtgsgbj

Gb f sgip`l mlhgbgtgnb, f ennd`lt gs f stfbmfrm s tfbmfrm tnn` hnr fmvlrtgsgbj, uslm ifgb`y ey knrpnrftgnbs fbm usuf``y tcly knbtfgb vfrgnus gbhnriftgnb, rlpnrts, fkcglvlilbts, pnrthn`gn fbm jnf`s. F ennd`lt cfs f `gigtlm buielr nh pfjls fbm ynu kfb hgbm gt gb rlklptgnbs, knbhlrlbkl rnnis, wfgtgbj rnnis nr aust `fygbj frnubm nb f tfe`l. gt iust el lxtrlil`y wl`` ifml fbm vlry gbhnriftgvl gb nrmlr tn hnkus uslrs‗ fttlbtgnb fbm lhhlktgvl`y knbvly tcl ilssfjl. Mnb‗t hnrjlt tcft tgil gs prlkgnus fbm bnt lvlryenmy wg`` wfbt tn rlfm f wcn`l ennd (lvlb gh gt‗s sif``) aust

tn `nnd ft f prnmukt. F ennd`lt prgbtgbj gs lhhlktgvl wclb tcl knbsuilr f`rlfmy dbnws tcl prnmukt fbm cl wfbts inrl mltfg`s, sn gb inst kfsls gt wg`` el usl`lss tn jgvl gt tn snilnbl wcn gs bnt gbtlrlstlm. Knipfrgbj gt wgtc f stfbmfrm fmvlrtgsgbj gifjl, tcl slknbm nbl gs elttlr wclb ynu wfbt tn gbtrnmukl f pntlbtgf` knstuilr tn ynur prnmukt. ]wn nr hnur pfjls wgtc f`` tcl gbhnriftgnb fbm tcl rlst wgtc uslhu` gifjls. F plrsnb scnu`m hgbgsc rlfmgbj gt gb f hlw igbutls, fbm ey tcl pngbt cl‗ s mnbl, ynur ennd`lt iust `lfvl tcl hll`gbj tcft cl bllms ynur prnmukt. F`sn, ynu kfb aust cfbm nvlr ennd`lts tn lvlry strfbjlr gb tcl strllt. Wnu bllm tn cfvl f scnw pngbt, f p`fkl wclrl lvlryenmy kfb hgbm tcli.

Mgrlkt Ifg` Fmvlrtgsgbj


_fjl | 6;


Mgrlkt Ifg`1 Gt knbsgst nh ernukclrs, `lfh`lts, pfipc`lts, `lttlrs fbm rlturb kfrms fmmrlsslm tn knbsuilrs. ]cgs iltcnm nh fmvlrtgsgbj usls pnstf` fbm ntclr ml`gvlry slrvgkls tn scgp fmvlrtgsgbj iftlrgf`s, gbkùmgbj pnstkfrms, `lttlrs, ernkcurls, kftf`njuls fbm h`ylrs, tn f pcysgkf` fmmrlss nh tfrjltlm tfr jltlm kustnilrs. Mgrlkt ifg` gs g s inst lhhlktgvl wclb gt gs mlsgjblm gb f wfy tcft ifdls gt fpplfr tn el splkgf` tn tcl kustnilr. Hnr gbstfbkl, f ifrdltlr usgbj mgrlkt mgrlkt ifg` kfb plrsnbf`gzl ifg`gbjs ey gbkùmgbj f ilssfjl rlkgpglbt‗ s bfil nb tcl fmmrlss `fel` nr ey gbslrtgbj tclgr bfil wgtcgb tcl knbtlbt nh ifrdltlr‗s ilssfjl.

Mgrlkt ifg` kfb el f vlry knst-lhhlktgvl iltcnm nh fmvlrtgsgbj, lsplkgf``y gh ifg`gbjs knbtfgb prgbtlm iftlrgf`. ]cgs gs mul tn knst fmvfbtfjls netfgblm ey prgbtgbj gb cgjc vnùil sgbkl tcl ifanrgty nh prgbtgbj knsts frl rlf`gzlm wclb f prgbtgbj ifkcgbl gs gbgtgf``y sltup tn rub f prgbt ane fbm bnt tcl elkfusl nh tcl qufbtgty nh iftlrgf` prgbtlm. Knbslqulbt`y, tcl tc l tntf` knst nh prgbtgbj
HG@I FMXLU]G[GBJ Ilfbgbj1 Hgì gs fb fumgn-vgsuf` ilmgui nh kniiubgkftgnb kniiubgkftgnb fbm nhhlrs wgml nppnrtubgtgls nppnrtubgtgls tn tcl fmvlrtgslr tn skrllb kniilrkgf` hgìs fbm s`gmls prnmuklm ey tcli. ]nmfy kgblif gs fb gipnrtfbt fbm lhhlktgvl ilmgf nh fmvlrtgsgbj. [ugtfe`l scnrt hgìs ify el prlpfrlm tn krlftl f `fstgbj giprlssgnb upnb tcl fumglbkl. ]clsl ify el prlslbtlm gb tcl hnri nh f stnry nr f kfrtnnb. ]crnujc tcl ilrgts nh tcl prnmukt frl prlslbtlm tn tcl fumglbkl lhhlktgvl`y. [ukc hgìs ify el scnwb elhnrl tcl stfrt nh tcl hlfturl hgì nr murgbj gbtlrvf`. Ft prlslbt tclrl frl tcrll dgbms nh hgìs uslm fs ilmgf nh fmvlrtgsgbj1 fmvlrtgsg bj1 Dgbms nh Hgìs 1

6. [trfgjct Fmvlrtgsgbj Hgìs1 ]clsl frl inst kniinb bnw-fmfys. ]clsl knbklbtrftl nb fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjl rl`ftgbj tn nb`y nbl prnmukt nh f pfrtgku`fr knipfby, sukc fs Cgbmustfb @lvlr, ]ftf Ng` Ig``s (tng`lt prlpfrftgnbs), M.K.I., Jwf`gnr Ufynb, Kf`gkn ltk. ]clsl frl nh scnrt murftgnb `fstgbj `fs tgbj hrni ; tn < igbutls. 5. Mnkuilbtfry Hgìs1 Mnkuilbtfry hgìs frl ifgb`y uslm hnr pue`gkgty fsplkt fbm gb inst kfsls, gs lmukftgvl gb kcfrfktlr. ]cly frl uslm tn scnw vfrgnus fsplkts nh fb gbmustry fs f wcn`l. ;. [pnbsnrlm Fmvlrtgsgbj Hgìs1 Gt gs f vlry jnnm kniegbftgnb nh fmvlrtgslilbt fbm lbtlrtfgbilbt. Kfrtnnb hgìs knil ubmlr tcgs kftljnry. Gb Gbmgf, kgblif cfs prfktgkf``y rlfkclm gb f`` tcl pfrts nh tcl knubtry. Eniefy cfs elknil tcl cue nh fmvlrtgsgbj hgìs fbm s`gmls prnmuktgnb. Zgtc f`` tclsl, kgblif fs fb fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf cn`ms jrlft nppnrtubgtgls pfrtgku`fr`y, hnr tcnsl knipfbgls wcgkc frl pngslm tn plbltrftl tcl


_fjl | 6=


rurf` ifrdlt nh nur knubtry. Gt gs pfrtgku`fr`y rl`lvfbt hnr fmvlrtgsgbj knbsuilr-prnmukts fbm hfri gbputs. Fmvfbtfjls nr Ilrgts 1

6. 5. ;. =. <.

Gt cfs f qugtl wgml knvlrfjl. Gt gs fe`l tn lxp`fgb fbm mlinbstrftl tcl usl nh f prnmukt qugtl knbvlbglbt`y. Fpplf` gs ifml tn f`` slktgnbs nh tcl snkglty. Gt gs blvlr wfstlm fs bn fmvlrtgslilbt kfb lskfpl tcl fttlbtgnb. Gt gs lhhlktgvl fbm ify if y pfy rgkc mgvgmlbm tn tcl fmvlrtgslr.

Mgsfmvfbtfjls, Mlilrgts nr @gigtftgnb

6. ]cl hgìs frl tnn scnrt fbm bllm kcfbjls hrlqulbt`y. 5. _rnmuktgnb knst nh f hgì gs qugtl cgjc. ;. ]cl fumglbkl ify bnt `gdl tn wfstl tgil gb sllgbj sukc hgìs rlplftlm`y. ]cly rlslbt tn gt fs tcly knil hnr lbtlrtfgbilbt nb`y. =. Ulstrgktgnbs frl gipnslm fjfgbst skrllbgbj nh hgìs, l.j., tclrl gs klbsnrgbj. <. Hnr skrllbgbj hgìs, tcl knnplrftgnb nh tclftrls gs f iust wcgkc gs bnt lfsg`y fvfg`fe`l . \sl nh G`ùstrftgnbs gb Fmvlrtgsgbj

Fb g`ùstrftgnb gs f mlknrftgnb, gbtlrprltftgnb nr vgsuf` lxp`fbftgnb nh f tlxt, knbklpt nr prnklss, mlsgjblm hnr gbtljrftgnb gb pue`gsclm ilmgf, sukc fs pnstlrs, h`ylrs, ifjfzgbls, ennds, tlfkcgbj iftlrgf`s, fbgiftgnbs, vgmln jfils fbm hgìs. F pgkturl gs wnrtc f tcnusfbm wnrms G`ùstrftgnbs frl jrfpcgk gifjls tcft k`frghy tlxt, mgrlkt tcl vglwlr's lyl, fbm krlftl fb gbtlbtgnbf`, `fstgbj giprlssgnb. Gb tcft slbsl f`` g`ùstrftgnb frt gs, ey mlhgbgtgnb, fmvlrtgsgbj. Gt fmvlrtgsls fbm lbcfbkls tcl ilssfjl nh tcl tlxt gt fkknipfbgls, fbm plrsufmls tcl vglwlr tn rlfm tcl tlxt. Hlfturls/usls

Fkkurftl \sl nh G`ùstrftgnbs1 ]cl g`ùstrftgnbs frl elgbj uslm tn t n mrfw fttlbtgnb fbm prnintl

f prnmukt nr slrvgkl. ]clrlhnrl, g`ùstrftgnbs g`ùst rftgnbs scnu`m e`lbm gb wl`` wgtc tcl nvlrf`` tclil nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt kfipfgjb fbm bnt stgkd nut `gdl f snrl tcuie. Gh gt mnls, tclb vgsuf`s elknil knubtlrprnmuktgvl fbm gbstlfm nh mrfwgbj fttlbtgnb fttlbtg nb tn tcl ilssfjl elgbj knbvlylm, tcl tc l g`ùstrftgnbs wg`` mgstrfkt tcl fumglbkl fbm tcl ilssfjl wg`` el `nst. Fwfrlblss nh ]frjlt Fumglbkl1 ]cl ifbblr gb wcgkc tcl fmvlrtgslilbt kfipfgjb gs p`fbblm

fbm tcl g`ùstrftgnbs frl uslm wg`` mlplbm lbtgrl`y nb tcl tfrjlt fumglbkl. ]cl ilssfjl nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt cfs tn el knipg`lm dllpgbj gb igbm tcl jlbmlr, fjl fbm ntclr gipnrtfbt mltfg`s nh tcl pntlbtgf` kustnilrs. G`ùstrftgnbs kfb el uslm tn prnvgml k`frgty fbm prlkgsgnb tn tcl fmvlrtgslilbt gh tclrl gs f k`lfr fbm scfrp hnkus nb tcl tfrjlt Ef`fbkl nh g`ùstrftgnbs fbm tlxt1 Hnr ifxgiui gipfkt, tcl fmvlrtgslilbt scnu`m cfvl tcl

knrrlkt ef`fbkl nh g`ùstrftgnbs fbm tcl tlxt. ]nn ifby g`ùstrftgnbs nr tnn iukc tlxt wg`` nb`y knbhusl tcl pntlbtgf` kustnilr. G`ùstrftgnbs G`ùstr ftgnbs scnu`m el fttrfktgvl fbm gb sybk wgtc tcl tlxt. Entc tcl quf`gty fbm tcl qufbtgty nh g`ùstrftgnbs uslm scnu`m lbcfbkl tcl lhhlktgvlblss nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt kfipfgjb. ]cl tlxt scnu`m el k`lfr, prlkgsl fbm uslhu` gb ml`gvlrgbj tcl ilssfjl ils sfjl wgtc rljfrm tn tcl prnmukt nr slrvgkl. _`fklilbt nh f`` tcl l`lilbts gb tcl _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 6<


fmvlrtgslilbt, gbkùmgbj, vgsuf`s, tlxt fbm efkdjrnubm, scnu`m el mnbl ey f wl``-trfgblm prnhlssgnbf` hnr f jrlft nvlrf`` lhhlkt. Fktgbj nb Hllmefkd1 [gbkl fb fmvlrtgslilbt kfipfgjb gs f`` fenut fumglbkl rlspnbsl, gt gs

gipnrtfbt tn jftclr fs iukc hllmefkd fs pnssge`l elhnrl gt gs `fubkclm nb`gbl nr gb prgbt. Mlplbmgbj nb tcl hllmefkd rlklgvlm, tcl fmvlrtgslilbt kfb el filbmlm, fs rlqugrlm, hnr ifxgiui lhhlktgvlblss. Hllmefkd wg`` bnt nb`y cl`p gb lbcfbklilbt nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt eut wg`` f`sn wllm nut f`` tcl igstfdls gb tcl vgsuf`s fbm tcl tlxt elhnrl gt gs vglwlm ey tcl fktuf` fumglbkl. G`ùstrftgvl Fmvlrtgsgbj Kfipfgjb Fmvfbtfjls

Fmvlrtgsgbj tcrgvls nb krlftgvgty, fbm G`ùstrftgnb fs f vgsuf`gzftgnb ilmgf, wclb ernujct gbtn tcl krlftgvl prne`li-sn`vgbj prnklss, kfb lxpfbm tcl rfbjl nh knbklptuf` snùtgnbs hnr fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjls. •

_gktnrgf` Fmvfbtfjls

G`ùstrftgnb kfb scnw wcft gt wnu`m el `gdl tn wf`d nb tcl enttni nh tcl nklfb, h`y tcrnujc tcl ftinspclrl nh Xlbus, nr swf``nw f knw. Gt kfb pgkturl suealkts fbm kniiubgkftl knbklpts tcft kfbbnt el mnkuilbtlm pcntnjrfpcgkf``y, sukc fs egpn`fr mgsnrmlr4 l`lktrnbs, prntnbs fbm blutrnbs gb fktgnb4 •

[ty`gstgk Kfpfeg`gty

]crnujc tcl fpp`gkftgnb nh sty`gzftgnb fb g`ùstrftgnb kfb knbvly lxfjjlrftgnb, fttgtuml, lintgnb, lxprlssgnb, fbm plrsnbf`gty. ]crnujc frtgstgk iltcnms, gt kfb knbvly f sty`gstgk ubgqulblss tcft gs mghhgku`t hnr pcntnjrfpcy tn gipfrt. •

Knst Lhhlktgvlblss

G`ùstrftgnb kfb el f vlry knst-lhhgkglbt wfy tn gip`lilbt fmvlrtgsgbj knbklpts. Lsplkgf``y pcntnjrfpcgk nbls tcft wnu`m rlqugrl `nkftgnb wnrd, lxtlbsgvl slts, fktnrs, prnps fbm pnst prnmuktgnb mgjgtf` ifbgpu`ftgnb. G`ùstrftgnb bnt nb`y kfb el uslm tn vgsuf`gzl ubrlf` knbklpts, gt kfb f`sn el uslm tn pgktnrgf`gzl pcntnjrfpcfe`l suealkts ft f iukc `nwlr knst. UFMGN FMXLU]G[GBJ

Gt prnvgmls f vlry `frjl knvlrfjl nh fumglbkl gb urefb fbm rurf` frlfs. Bnw fìnst lvlry hfig`y cfs f rfmgn slt gb nur knubtry. Ufmgn fmvlrtgsgbj gb Gbmgf wfs stfrtlm gb 678: wclb f kniilrkgf` slrvgkl nb ‒Xgvgmc Ecfrftg„ wfs stfrtlm. stfrtl m. Kniilrkgf` Ernfmkfstgbj gs qugtl pnpu`fr tcrnujcnut

tcl knubtry. Kniilrkgf` ernfmkfstgbj gs f ifanr snurkl s nurkl nh gbknil. ]nmfy, rfmgn fmvlrtgsgbj gs lxtrlil`y pnpu`fr wgtc entc trfml fbm gbmustry fs tcl mlifbm lxkllms tcl tgil. Ufmgn fmvlrtgsgbj ify el mlskrgelm fs ‒wnrm nh inutc fmvlrtgsgbj nb f wgml skf`l„. ]cl fmv lrtgslr ml`gvlrs tcl ilssfjl nrf``y fbm bnt vgsuf``y. Gt ifdls fpplf` tn t n tcl lfr fbm bnt tn tcl lyl wgtc tcl lhhlkt tcft tcl ilssfjl gs knbvlylm tn tcl ifssls wcltclr `gtlrftl nr g``gtlrftl. Fmvfbtfjls nr Ilrgts nh Ufmgn Fmvlrtgsgbj Ufmgn fmvlrtgsgbj gs qugtl pnpu`fr gb Gbmgf nb

fkknubt nh tcl hn``nwgbj fmvfbtfjls1 6. Gt cfs f wgml knvlrfjl. Lvlb g``gtlrftl plnp`l frl knvlrlm ubmlr tcgs ilmgf. Gt kfb knbvly ilssfjl lvlb tn sif`` rlintl frlfs. 5. Gt gs qugtl h`lxge`l fs gt kfb el uslm nb f bftgnbf` nr `nkf` `lvl` fkknrmgbj tn tcl bllm. ;. Gt jgvls ilssfjl nh tcl fmvlrtgslr ft tcl mnnr nh tcl prnsplkts wclb tcly frl gb f rlsplktgvl innm. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 68


=. Gt lfsg`y kftkcls tcl fttlbtgnb nh tcl plnp`l. <. ]nmfy rfmgn fmvlrtgsgbj gs f ifanr snurkl nh gbknil. 8. Gt k`fgis tcl fmvfbtfjl nh ilinrgsgbj ilinrgsg bj vfùl. Gb tcgs knbblktgnb, psykcn`njgsts sfy tcft fbytcgbj `lfrbt tcrnujc tcl lfrs gs bnt lfsg`y hnrjnttlb. :. Ufmgn fmvlrtgsgbj fhhnrms vfrglty nh prnjrfiils gbkùmgbj g bkùmgbj lbtlrtfgbilbt nb fkknubt nh wcgkc tcl jnnmwg`` gs mlvl`nplm. _lnp`l euy tcl prnmukt fmvlrtgslm ey rfmgn elkfusl tcly lbany tcl hrll scnw. 3. Ufmgn fmvlrtgsgbj cfs cuifb tnukc ublquf``lm ey fby ntclr ilmgf. Mgsfmvfbtfjls, Mlilrgts nr @gigtftgnbs nh Ufmgn Fmvlrtgsgbj

Ufmgn fmvlrtgsgbj cfs tcl hn``nwgbj mgsfmvfbtfjls, mlilrgts nr `gigtftgnbs1 6. ]cl ilssfjl jgvlb ey rfmgn fmvlrtgsgbj gs scnrt-`gvlm. 5. Gt gs knst`y fbm gs elynbm tcl rlfkc nh sif`` fbm ilmgui sgzlm fmvlrtgslrs. ;. Gt nb`y fpplf`s tn tcl slbsl nh clfrgbj fbm tcus mnls bnt pnrtrfy vgsuf``y f pgkturl nh tcl pfkdfjl nh tcl prnmukt. =. Gt gs bnt sugtfe`l hnr f`` dgbms nh prnmukts, sukc fs gbmustrgf` jnnms wcgkc frl bnt bllmlm ey tcl fvlrfjl rfmgn `gstlblr. Gt gs uslhu` nb`y hnr tcl jnnms jnnms nh kniinb usl. <. Ufmgn fmvlrtgslilbts frl vlry erglh fbm tcus mltfg`s kfbbnt el l`fenrftlm. 8. [gbkl tclrl gs f iu`tgp`gkgty nh fmvlrtgslilbts gb f vlry scnrt tgil, gt gs inst `gdl`y tcft tcl `gstlblr ify hnrjlt tcl bfil nh tcl prnmukt. :. ]clrl gs bn pnssgeg`gty nh mlinbstrftgnb gb kfsl nh rfmgn fmvlrtgsgbj. 3. Gt gs f sl`lktgvl ilmgf nh fmvlrtgsgbj. Ufmgn Agbj`ls

F agbj`l gs f scnrt snbj nr tubl uslm gb fmvlrtgsgbj fbm hnr ntclr kniilrkgf` usls. ]cl agbj`l knbtfgbs nbl nr inrl cnnds fbm ilfbgbj tcft lxp`gkgt`y prnintl tcl prnmukt nr slrvgkl elgbj fmvlrtgslm, usuf``y tcrnujc tcl usl nh nbl nr inrl fmvlrtgsgbj s`njfbs. Fm euylrs usl agbj`ls gb rfmgn fbm tl`lvgsgnb kniilrkgf`s4 tcly kfb f`sn el uslm gb bnb-fmvlrtgsgbj knbtlxts tn lstfe`gsc nr ifgbtfgb f erfbm gifjl. Agbj`ls frl f hnri nh snubm erfbmgbj. Ifby agbj`ls frl f`sn krlftlm usgbj sbgpplts nh pnpu`fr snbjs, gb wcgkc `yrgks frl inmghglm tn fpprnprgftl`y fmvlrtgsl tcl prnmukt nr slrvgkl. F agbj`l gs f rfmgn nr ]X fmvlrtgsgbj s`njfb slt tn f (cnplhu``y) ilinrfe`l il`nmy. Agbj`ls frl wrgttlb lxp`gkgt`y fenut f prnmukt -- tcly kfb el nrgjgbf` wnrds mlsgjblm tn mlskrgel f prnmukt nr slrvgkl, nr tn cl`p knbsuilrs rlilielr gbhnriftgnb fenut f prnmukt. Fs `nbj fs tcl s`njfb gs gbstfbt`y kftkcy -- fbm cfrm tn hnrjlt -- tclrl's fìnst bn `gigt tn wcft fmvlrtgslrs kfb sfy gb f agbj`l. Gt kfb el f s`njfb, f pcnbl buielr, f rfmgn nr ]X stftgnb's kf`` `lttlrs, f eusgblss's bfil nr lvlb tcl elblhgts nh f klrtfgb prnmukt. Inst nhtlb tcl tlri Ufmgn Agbj`ls kfb el uslm tn kn``lktgvl`y mlskrgel f`` l`lilbts nh rfmgn stftgnb erfbmgbj nr gmlbtghgkftgnb. Fkkurftl`y tcl tlri gb tcl knbtlxt nh rfmgn uslm tn mlskrgel nb`y tcnsl stftgnb erfbmgbj l`lilbts wcgkc frl iusgkf`, nr subj. [ubj agbj`ls frl tcl inst kniinb hnri nh rfmgn stftgnb erfbmgbj ntclrwgsl dbnwb fs gifjgbj. F rfmgn agbj`l tclrlhnrl gs krlftlm gb f stumgn ey slssgnb sgbjlrs fbm gbkùmls f iusgkf` rlprlslbtftgnb nh tcl rfmgn stftgnb bfil fbm hrlqulbky. Ufmgn stftgnbs wg`` sue s ue knbtrfkt tn splkgf`gst rfmgn rf mgn agbj`l prnmuklrs wcn wg`` krlftl tcl iusgkf` snubm fbm il`nmy, f`nbj wgtc tcl rlknrmgbj tcl slssgnb sgbjlrs. ]cl l`lilbts, tlrilm f mnbut, wg`` tclb el mgspftkclm tn tcl rfmgn stftgnb gb vfrgnus tgil _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 6:


vfrgftgnbs tn el lmgtlm ey `nkf` rfmgn prnmuklrs elhnrl elgbj ernfmkfst gb eltwllb snbjs, nr gbtn fbm nut nh kniilrkgf` erlfds. F`tlrbftgvl`y, Agbj`ls kfb el ifml gb-cnusl ey prnmuktgnb stfhh. F`tcnujc `gstlblrs tubl gb tn clfr tclgr hfvnrgtl snbjs, rfmgn stftgnbs f`sn bllm tn tcrnw gb f hlw agbj`ls fbm fms gb tn tcl igx, gb nrmlr tn dllp tcgbjs hrlsc. ]clrl frl slvlrf` elblhgts agbj`ls frl jngbj tn ergbj tn f rfmgn stftgnb. Hnr stfrtlrs, tcly ergbj kfipfgjb fbm erfbm fwfrlblss. Agbj`ls wg`` stgkd gb tcl `gstlblr‗s igbms, ub`gdl f sgip`l tf`d spnt wcgkc gs jngbj tn jn gb nbl

lfr, fbm rgjct nut tcl ntclr. Agbj`ls f`sn usuf``y cfvl f iusgkf` il`nmy, ilfbgbj tcl `gstlblr gs jngbj tn jlt inrl nut nh gt wclb tcly clfr tcl kftkcy tubl p`fylm. Elblhgts1

6. Eug`m erfbmgbj hnr tcl knipfby. Bntcgbj rlgbhnrkls gifjl `gdl f knbsgstlbt, quf`gty quf`gt y ilssfjl. Agbj`ls ifdl f quf`gty, kftkcy tubl tcft‗`` cfvl ynur kustnilrs sgbjgbj

cfppg`y fs tcly wf`d gb tcl stnrl! 5. Knst Lhhlktgvl. Gb tcl `nbj rub, agbj`ls kfb prnvl gts vfùl. Gbstlfm nh pfygbj cujl suis nh inbly lvlry inbtc hnr f blw kniilrkgf`, agbj`l stfbms tcl tlst nh tgil fbm knbtgbuls tn giprlss inbtcs fhtlr gt hgrst cgts tcl fgrwfvls. ;. Lfsy tn rlilielr. ]cly‗vl stnnm tcl tlst nh tgil. Agbj`ls cfvl ellb frnubm sgbkl 675;, rgjct frnubm tcl

tgil tcft kniilrkgf` rfmgn kfil tn tcl pue`gk. ]L@LXG[GNB FMXLU]G[GBJ

]l`lvgsgnb Fmvlrtgsgbj1 Gt gs sfgm tcft tn-mfy tl`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj gs tcl elst sl``gbj ilmgf lvlr gbvlbtlm. Gt cfs f pntlbtgf` fmvlrtgsgbj fmvlrtgsg bj gipfkt ubiftkclm ey fby ntclr ilmgf. Gt gs f ilfbs nh ergbjgbj fktuf` mlinbstrftgnb gb tcl cnils nh tcl prnsplkts fbm gs tclrlhnrl inrl lhhlktgvl ilmgf wclb knipfrlm wgtc rfmgn. ]cft gs wcy tcl pnsgtgnb nh rfmgn fmvlrtgsgbj cfs bnw elgbj jrfmuf``y tfdlb ey tl`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj. Kniilrkgf` tl`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj wfs gbtrnmuklm gb Gbmgf nb Afbufry 6, 67:8 nb tcl pfttlrb nh F`` Gbmgf Ufmgn. ]cus, fs fb fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf, tl`lvgsgnb gs nh rlklbt nrgjgb gb Gbmgf. Gt gs f`sn dbnwb ey tcl bfil nh ‒Mnnrmfrscfb„ gb Gbmgf. Fmvfbtfjls nr Ilrgts nh ]l`lvgsgnb Fmvlrtgsgbj ]l`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj cfs tcl hn``nwgbj fmvfbtfjls1

6. ]cl ifgb fmvfbtfjl nh tl`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj gs tcft gt kniegbls tcl fmvfbtfjls nh entc rfmgn fbm kgblif. ]cus, gt gs f inst pnwlrhu` fumgn-vgsuf` ilmgf. 5. Gt ifdls tcl ilssfjl inrl fttrfktgvl fbm giprlssgvl. ;. Gt gs inst fmvfbtfjlnus tn tcnsl fmvlrtgslrs wcnsl prnmukts fbm slrvgkl rlqugrl mlinbstrftgnb. =. Gt gs f snurkl nh ifanr gbknil tn Mnnrmfrscfb. <. Gt pnsslssls jlnjrfpcgkf` sl`lktgvgty. Fb fmvlrtgslr kfb p`fkl cgs fmvlrtgslilbts nb sl`lktlm hlw stftgnbs fs plr cgs rlqugrlilbts. 8. Gt cfs f wgml knvlrfjl. Ft prlslbt tl`lvgsgnb slrvgkls frl fvfg`fe`l tn inrl tcfb 3?% nh Gbmgf‗s pnpu`ftgnb Mgsfmvfbtfjls nr Mlilrgts nr @gigtftgnbs nh ]l`lvgsgnb Fmvlrtgsgbj ]l`lvgsgnb

Fmvlrtgsgbj gs suealkt tn tcl hn``nwgbj mlilrgts nr `gigtftgnbs1 _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 63


6. Gt gs vlry lxplbsgvl fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf fbm wnu`m klrtfgb`y lxkùml tcl sif`` fmvlrtgslrs. 5. ]l`lvgsgnb ilssfjl gs scnrt-`gvlm. ;. ]cl rfbjl wgtcgb wcgkc tcl tl`lkfstgbj rlfkcls tcl fumglbkl gs vlry `gigtlm. =. Gb kfsl nh Gbmgf, fb fvlrfjl Gbmgfb kfbbnt fhhnrm tl`lvgsgnb t l`lvgsgnb fs gt gs qugtl knst`y. knst `y. <. ]l`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgslilbts frl vlry erglh mul tn cgjc knst nh fmvlrtgsgbj nb tl`lvgsgnb. 8. ]l`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj gs f vlry ml`gelrftl ilmgf, rlqugrgbj `nbj tlri p`fbbgbj, tcl jfgbgbj nh fpprnvf` hrni tcl futcnrgty fbm f`sn `fkdgbj h`lxgeg`gty. h`lxgeg`gt y. Mghhlrlbkl Eltwllb _rgbt fbm Ernfmkfst Fmvlrtgsgbj [pllm

Fmvlrtgsgbj gb prgbt ilmgf f``nws ynu tn jlt ynur ilssfjl nut qugkd`y fbm kcfbjl gt fs bllmlm. Gt f`sn f``nws ynu tn tfrjlt ynur fmvlrtgsgbj tn rlfkc f pfrtgku`fr fumglbkl. Gh ynu'rl sl``gbj spnrts ilrkcfbmgsl fbm tcl `nkf` BH@ tlfi k`gbkcls f p`fynhh spnt nvlr tcl wlldlbm, ynu kfb rub fb fm gb Inbmfy's spnrts slktgnb nhhlrgbj p`fynhh fppfrl` hnr sf`l. Gh sniltcgbj cfpplbs wgtc tcl cnkdly

tlfi nb Zlmblsmfy, ynu kfb swgtkc tcft fmvlrtgsgbj knpy nut hnr nbl prnintgbj cnkdly ]-scgrts nb ]cursmfy. inrl tgil tn prnmukl, pfrtgku`fr`y hnr f sif`` eusgblss wgtc f `nwlr fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt, sn tcl nppnrtubgtgls tn tfdl fmvfbtfjl nh f rfpgm`y kcfbjgbj ifrdlt knbmgtgnbs frl hlwlr. ]X

kniilrkgf`s tfdl

Gipfkt

\b`gdl prgbt, tl`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj nhhlrs f ilmgui tn mgssligbftl cgjc-gipfkt ilssfjls kniegbgbj entc fumgn fbm vgsuf` gifjls. F kfipfgjb mlsgjblm tn jlt plnp`l tn usl ynur slrvgkl tn kclkd tclgr cnusl hnr tlrigtls, hnr lxfip`l, elblhgts hrni tcl tfrjlt fumglbkl elgbj fe`l tn sll tcl

bljftgvl lhhlkts nh tlrigtls fbm clfr vgktgis mgskuss tclgr mfifjl. Nb tcl ntclr cfbm, blwspfplr rlifgbs f inrl trustlm ilmgui. Gb f stumy kniigssgnblm ey Krfgjs`gst hnubmlr Krfgj Blwifrd, blwspfplrs lmjlm nut kfe`l fbm bltwnrd blws wclb gt kfil tn elgbj "vlry krlmge`l."

]frjltgbj

Entc prgbt fbm tl`lvgsgnb nhhlr tcl nppnrtubgty tn tfrjlt f pfrtgku`fr fumglbkl, eut entc cfvl `gigtftgnbs. Wnu cfvl `gtt`l knbtrn` nh ynur fmvlrtgslilbt's ifjfzgbl p`fklilbt gb inst kfsls, fbm blwspfplr f`sn ify bnt jufrfbtll f pfrtgku`fr spnt hnr ynur fmvlrtgsgbj knpy. Wnu igjct el fe`l tn rlfkc fb fjrllilbt tcft ynur fmvlrtgslilbt sl``gbj efsdltef`` ]-scgrts wg`` rub gb tcl spnrts slktgnb, eut gt igjct el p`fklm blxt tn frtgk`ls nb efslef`` nr cnkdly gbstlfm nh tcl BEF, wcgkc rlmukls tcl kcfbkl tcft f

efsdltef`` hfb wg`` sll gt. ]l`lvgsgnb fmvlrtgsgbj, pfrtgku`fr`y kfe`l, nhhlrs f kcfbkl tn tfrjlt bgkcl ifrdlts. F `nwlrrftlm scnw ify el plrhlkt hnr ynu gh gt iftkcls wgtc ynur tfrjlt ifrdlt, sukc fs f burslry igjct hgbm nb f jfrmlbgbj kcfbbl`. Eut ynu cfvl tn dbnw ynur fumglbkl prlhlrlbkls, fbm tclrl's bn jufrfbtll ynur kniilrkgf` wg`` fgr ft tcl pnrtgnb nh tcl prnjrfi wclrl inst nh ynur fumglbkl gs wftkcgbj.

Knst

]cl vfrglty nh prgbt fm sgzls ilfbs ynu kfb ifdl tcli fs egj nr fs sif`` fs ynur bllms fbm eumjlts f``nw. ]X kniilrkgf`s knst

inrl tn prnmukl tcfb blwspfplr fms, fbm tcl knst nh fgrtgil gs knbsgmlrfe`y cgjclr tcfb tcl prgkl plr blwspfplr knùib gbkc.


_fjl | 67


]cft elgbj sfgm, rl`ftl lxplbmgturls tn ynur fumglbkl fbm tclgr prlhlrlbkls elhnrl ifdgbj f mlkgsgnb. Inst sif`` eusgblssls wnb't hgbm gt knst-lhhlktgvl tn fmvlrtgsl gb prgil-tgil, wclb f ]X spnt nb f ifanr bltwnrd knsts inrl tcfb $6??,???. Cnwlvlr, prnmukgbj f kniilrkgf` hnr f

`nkf` ]X fumglbkl kfb knst fs `gtt`l fs $5,
INM\@L 5 FMXLU]G[GBJ FJLBKGL[ Fb Fmvlrtgsgbj Fjlbky gs sl`lktlm ey f ifbuhfkturl nr trfmlr tn prlslbt tcl fmvlrtgslilbt nb cgs elcf`h. ]cl fmvlrtgslr wcn mnls bnt cfvl tcl kfpfkgty nh kfrrygbj nut fmvlrtgsgbj fktgvgtgls tfdl tcl cl`p nb slrvgkls nh fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbkgls wcn frl splkgf`gzlm gb tcnsl hgl`ms. ILFBGBJ FBM MLHGBG]GNB

]cl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky kfrry nut tcl fktgvgty nb elcf`h nh tclgr k`glbt fjfgbst rliublrftgnb kf``lm hlls. ]cly knbmukt ifrdlt rlslfrkc, knbsuilr rlslfrkc, prnmukt rlslfrkc ltk. ]cly fmvgsl tcl ifbuhfkturlr nb prnmukt mlsgjb nr pfkdfjl mlsgjb, prgkgbj nh prnmukt kcfbbl`s nh mgstrgeutgnb. Elsgmls, tcly fmvgsl nb tcl ifrdlt knbmgtgnb hrni tgil tn tgil. t gil. Mlhgbgtgnb1 ]cl Filrgkfb Fssnkgftgnb nh Fmvlrtgsgbj Fjlbkgls (FFFF) mlhgbls fb fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky fs1 ‐ Fb gbmlplbmlbt eusgblss nrjfbgzftgnb, nrjfbgzftgnb , knipnslm nh krlftgvl fbm eusgblss plnp`l, wcn mlvl`np, rlpfgr fbm p`fkl fmvlrtgslilbts gb fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf hnr sl``lrs slldgbj tn hgbm kustnilrs hnr tclgr jnnms fbm slrvgkls’. [LUXGKL ULBMLULM EW FB FM FJLBKW nr H\BK]GNB[ NH FJLBKW

]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs tn sll tcft gts k`glbt‗s fmvlrtgsgbj `lfms tn jrlftlr

prnhgts gb g b tcl `nbj rub. ]cl fjlbky f jlbky tcus p`fbs, prlpfrls fbm p`fkls wgtc fmvlrtgsgbj f mvlrtgsgbj wgtc tcl nealktgvl. ]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh f hu``-slrvgkl fmvlrtgsgbj fmvlrtg sgbj fjlbky frl fs hn``nws 6. [l`lktgnb nh K`glbts1 ]cl hgrst fbm tcl hnrlinst hubktgnb nh fb fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs tn

knbtfkt fbm sl`lkt k`glbts wcn frl mlsgrnus nh fmvlrtgsgbj tclgr prnmukts, slrvgkls nr fbytcgbj wcgkc tcly wfbt tn sl``. ]cl prlhlrlbkl gb knbtfktgbj fbm kcnnsgbj tcl k`glbts gs jgvlb tn tcnsl hgris wcgkc cfvl snubm vfùls, fe`l ifbfjlilbt, lhhgkglbt nplrftgvl prnmukts fbm slrvgkls. ]cl hgbfbkgf` pnsgtgnb, sgzl fbm bfturl nh eusgblss, lhhgkglbt ifbfjlilbt fbm nplrftgvl prnmukts ltk. iust el jgvlb mul wlgjct. wlgjct. 5. Ilmgf [l`lktgnb1 Ilmgf sl`lktgnb gs fbntclr ifanr hubktgnb nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. Gb

ifdgbj f ilmgf sl`lktgnb slvlrf` hfktnrs sukc fs knst, kgrku`ftgnb, pnpu`ftgnb wcgkc gt slrvls, fumglbkls, bfturl nh tcl prnmukt, typls nh kustnilrs fbm fenvl f`` bllms nh tcl k`glbts scnu`m el dlpt gb igbm. ;. Fmvlrtgsgbj _`fbbgbj1 ]cl tcgrm fs wl`` fs tcl ifanr hubktgnb nh fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs tcl

fmvlrtgsgbj p`fbbgbj hnr gts k`glbts. Hnr tcgs purpnsl, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fmvlrtgs gbj fjlbky rlqugrls f mltfg`lm dbnw`lmjl nh tcl hgri‗s prnmukts, gts fmvlrtgsgbj cgstnry, ifrdlt knbmgtgnbs, kcfbbl` nh mgstrg eutgnb, eutgnb, dbnw`lmjl nh knipltgtnrs„ prnmukts fbm tclgr fmvlrtgsgbj tlkcbgquls, hgl`m hg l`m tn el

knvlrlm, bfturl fbm typl nh knbsuilrs ltk. Blxt p`fbbgbj ane gs tn mlkgml fenut tcl fmvlrtgsgbj _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 5?


ilmgui gb wcgkc tcl fmvlrtgslilbt gs tn fpplfr. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjl iust el fmfptlm tn tcl ilmgui gb wcgkc gt gs tn fpplfr. =. Krlftgvl Hubktgnb1 ]cl krlftgvl hubktgnb stfrts wclb tcl p`fbbgbj hubktgnb lbms. Gt gbkùmls

tcl prlpfrftgnb nh fb fmvlrtgsgbj knpy, `fynut, `f ynut, g`ùstrftgnb, pcntnjrfpcs, fmvlrtgsgbj ilssfjls, tclil nh fmvlrtgslilbt ltk. ]clsl hubktgnbs frl plrhnrilm ey f vfrglm jrnup nh krlftgvl plnp`l gbkùmgbj wrgtlrs, mlsgjblrs, frtgsts, prnmuklrs, pcntnjrfpclrs fbm jrfpcgk frt splkgf`gsts lip`nylm ey tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. <. Ulslfrkc Hubktgnb1 Gt gs tcl hghtc ifanr hubktgnb nh fb fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. Gt suppnrts tcl

mlkgsgnbs tfdlb gb tcl ilmgf fbm krlftgvl frlfs. Gb tcgs knbblktgnb, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky jftclrs fbm fbf`ysl fktuf` gbhnriftgnb fenut tcl prnmukt, lxtlbt nh ifrdlt, knipltgtnrs„ strftljgls fbm eu ylrs„ cfegts ltk. tcft ify cl`p tcl krlftgvl plrsnbbl` tn ifdl tcl fmvlrtgsgbj

knpy inrl fttrfktgvl fbm lhhlktgvl. 8. Fpprnvf` nh tcl K`glbt1 Fs snnb fs tcl fmvlrtgsgbj knpy ltk. frl prlpfrlm, tcl blxt hubktgnb

nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs tn scnw tcl knpy tn cgs k`glbt fbm netfgb cgs fpprnvf`. Gb kfsl gh fby kcfbjls frl sujjlstlm ey tcl k`glbt, tcl sfil ify el gbknrpnrftlm fbm tcus tcl hgbf` fpprnvf` scnu`m el tfdlb hrni tcl k`glbt. :. Ifrdltgbj Hubktgnb1 ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky f`sn plrhnris ifrdltgbj hubktgnbs sukc fs

sl`lktgbj tfrjlt knbsuilrs, mlsgjbgbj prnmukts fbm pfkdfjls, mlvl`npgbj kcfbbl`s nh mgstrgeutgnb strftljy, mltlrigbgbj prgkls fbm rftl nh mgsknubt ltk. Gt jgvls uslhu` fmvgkl tn gts k`glbts wgtc rljfrm tn tcl bfturl fbm trlbm nh tcl ifrdlt knbmgtgnbs. Fkknrmgbj`y, tcl k`glbt prnmukls jnnms dllpgbj gb cgs igbm tcl prlvfg`gbj knbmgtgnbs gb tcl ifrdlt. 3. Lvfùftgnb Hubktgnb1 [gip`y mrfhtgbj fmvlrtgsgbj knpy fbm cfbmgbj nvlr tcl sfil tn tcl

ilmgf gs bnt lbnujc. ]cl blxt ifanr hubktgnb h ubktgnb nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs tn cfvl fb lxcfustgvl lvfùftgnb nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj lhhlkts hnr tcl elblhgt nh cgs k`glbt. Gb kfsl nh fby mlhgkglbky, blklssfry sujjlstgnbs scnu`m el jgvlb fbm tcl sfil el ifml lhhlktgvl fhtlr fpprnvf` nh tcl k`glbt. 7. Knnrmgbftgnb Hubktgnb1 ]cl `fst eut bnt tcl `lfst gipnrtfbt hubktgnb nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs tn lstfe`gsc lhhlktgvl knnrmgbftgnb wgtc k`glbt‗s sf`ls hnrkl fbm mgstrgeutgnb bltwnrd

tn lbsurl tcl `nbj rubbgbj sukklss nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj kfipfgjb. Lfkc tgil tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky knbtfkts tcl k`glbt rljfrmgbj fmvlrtgsgbj ilmgf tn el uslm fbm tcl buielr nh tgils tcl fmvlrtgslilbt gs tn el rlplftlm fhtlr jgvgbj lhhlkt tn kcfbjls, gh fby, fs sujjlstlm ey tcl fmvlrtgslr FJLBKW [L@LK]GNB KUG]LUGNB 6. [ugtfeg`gty1 ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky wcgkc sugts tcl rlqugrlilbt nh ifbuhfkturlr nr trfmlr

gs sl`lktlm mlplbmgbj upnb tcl typl nh fmvlrtgslilbt, `nkftgnb nh fjlbky, krlmgt pn`gkgls, ltk. Bnrif``y, fb fjlbky wcgkc gs `nkftlm blfr tcl fmvlrtgslr‗s p`fkl gs sl`lktlm. ]cgs cl`ps gb

fpprnfkcgbj tcl fjlbky. [lknbm`y, tcl sgzl nh fjlbky gb tlris nh plrsnbbl`, prnalkts, fbm slrvgkls prnvgmlm gs knbsgmlrlm. ]cgrm`y, tcl knbblktgnbs fbm rl`ftgnbs wgtc tcl vfrgnus ilmgf. Hnurtc`y, tcl pn`gkgls `gdl knbslrvftgvl pn`gky, nutjngbj pn`gkgls ltk. frl tfdlb gbtn fkknubt. Hgbf``y, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj f`sn knbsgmlrs wcltclr tcl fjlbky cfs knipltgtnrs fkknubt nr bnt. 5. Hfkg`gtgls fbm [lrvgkls _rnvgmlm1 [nil fjlbkgls cfvl inmlrb hfkg`gtgls nh pcntnjrfpcy,

typlslttgbj, prgbtgbj, hgìgbj ltk. ]cl fjlbkgls wcgkc prnvgml ifxgiui slrvgkls wgtc igbgiui knstgbj prlhlrrlm. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 56


;. Gifjgbftgnb1 Gifjgbftgnbs fbm krlftgvl sdg``s nh tcl plrsnbbl` nh fjlbky gs mu`y knbsgmlrlm.

Krlftgvgty gb pcntnjrfpcy, `fynut, knpy wrgtgbj, ilmgf ltk. krlftls fb gmlbtgty fbm ubgqul hnr tcl prnmukts fbm slrvgkls nh tcl fmvlrtgslr. =. _fst Ulknrm1 _fst rlknrms nh tcl fjlbky gb tlris nh buielr nh k`glbts, lhhlktgvlblss, krlmgt rlputftgnb ltk. cl`ps gb sl`lktgbj tcl fjlbky. ]cl fmvlrtgslr lbqugrls fenut tcl fjlbky‗s tgil

`gblrs, pubktuf`gty, pfst rlknrm cl`ps tn scnw wcltclr tcl fjlbky gs rl`gfe`l nr bnt. <. Ulputftgnb1 ]cl rlputftgnb nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky cl`ps gb sl`lktgnb. ]cl pnpu`frgty nh

tcl fjlbky mlplbms upnb tgil `gblrs, sukklsshu` prlslbtftgnb, jnnm rl`ftgnbs, prnipt slrvgkls ltk. 8. Ifbfjlilbt1 _rnplr sl`lktgnb nh fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky mlplbms nb tcl nwblrscgp fbm

ifbfjlilbt fbm tclgr pn`gkgls. ]clgr pn`gkgls ify el lgtclr knbslrvftgvl nr mybfigk wcgkc gbhùlbkl tcl sl`lktgnb. :. Uftls Kcfrjlm1 ]cl fmvlrtgslr knbsgmlrs tcl rftls kcfrjlm ey tcl fjlbky. Bnrif``y, tcl

rftls mlplbm nb rlputftgnb, hfkg`gtgls prnvgmlm tlkcbgquls fmnptlm ltk. ]clrlhnrl, fb fmvlrtgslr wg`` sl`lkt sukc fjlbky wcgkc wg`` prnvgml hfkg`gty fkknrmgbj tn cgs rlqugrlilbt fbm wcgkc sugts gts eumjlt. 3. [gzl nh tcl Fjlbky1 ]cl sgzl nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky iust el knbsgmlrlm. ]cl `frjlr tcl

sgzl, tcl inrl gt gs prlhlrrlm, cnwlvlr, ft tgils, sif`` gs elfutghu` elkfusl f sif`` fjlbky ify jgvl inrl fttlbtgnb tn gts k`glbt‗s wnrd. FJLBKW K@GLB] UL@F]GNB[CG_

Fjlbky k`glbt rl`ftgnbscgp iust el tcft nh iutuf` trust fbm knbhgmlbkl. ]cl plrhlkt rl`ftgnbscgp rl`f tgnbscgp rlsu`ts gb nptgiui fmvlrtgsgbj lhhlktgvlblss ft f rlfsnbfe`l knst fbm rlfsnbfe`l kniplbsftgnb hnr tcl fjlbky. Gt gs kcfrfktlrgzlm ey knbtgbunus fbm knip`ltl twn-wfy kniiubgkftgnb eltwllb gbmgvgmuf`s gb tcl twn nrjfbgzftgnbs gb fb ftinspclrl ftinspclrl nh iutuf` trust. Gbtlrmlplbmlbky Gbtlrmlplbmlbky nh tcl fmvlrtgslr fbm tcl fjlbky cl`ps gb krlftgbj kr lftgbj lhhlktgvl fmvlrtgsgbj fs pfrt nh tcl knipfby‗s

ifrdltgbj lhhnrt. Zcft tcl k`glbts cfvl tn mn>

6. ]rlft tcl fjlbky wgtc knurtlsy ft f`` tgils. tg ils. 5. _rnvgml f`` pnssge`l gbhnriftgnb fenut tcl prnmukt tcft gs tn el fmvlrtgslm fbm fenut tcl nrjfbgzftgnb. ]cgs hfkg`gtftls tcl fjlbky tn mn tclgr ane iukc elttlr. ;. Bnt ubblklssfrg`y efrjfgb hnr tcl hlls kcfrjlm ey tcl fjlbky. f jlbky. =. Intgvftl tcl fjlbky tn mn f jnnm wnrd. Fjlbky kcfrjls sukc fs ilmgf eg``s, hlls fbm ntclr knsts iust el pfgm wl`` gb tgil. Gb bn wfy, tcl k`glbt scnu`m wfgt hnr tcl fjlbky tn rligbm nh pfyilbt. <. Bnt kcfbjl tcl fjlbky hnr tcl sfdl nh kcfbjl. NUJFBG[F]GNB []U\K]\UL NH FB FMXLU]G[GBJ FJLBKW

Inst `frjl fbm ilmgui sgzlm fjlbkgls hn``nwlm nbl nh tcl twn s ystlis, tcl jrnup systli fbm tcl mlpfrtilbtf` systli fbm snil kniegbl tcli. 6. Jrnup [ystli1 \bmlr tcgs systli tcl wrgtlrs, frtgst, ilmgf p`fbblrs, euylrs fbm ntclr

splkgf`gsts frl fssgjblm tn f jrnup nh fkknubts. F`` nh tcli frl ubmlr tcl jlblrf` mgrlktgnb nh fb fkknubt lxlkutgvl nr jrnup clfm. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 55


5. Mlpfrtilbtf` [ystli1 \bmlr tcl mlpfrtilbtf` systli, sfil typl t ypl nh splkgf`gsts frl jrnuplm

gb tcl sfil mlpfrtilbt. Hnr gbstfbkl, f`` wrgtlrs gb tcl knpy mlpfrtilbt, f`` frtgsts gb tcl frt mlpfrtilbt fbm sn nb. Nrjfbgsftgnb fbm Znrdgbj nh fb Fmvlrtgsgbj Fjlbky1 [gbkl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky gs fb

gbmlplbmlbt eusgblss nrjfbgsftgnb, gt ify el gb tcl hnri nh f sn`l prnprgltnrscgp, pfrtblrscgp nr angbt stnkd knipfby hnri nh nrjfbgsftgnb. Cnwlvlr, fb fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky nh rlfsnbfe`l sgzl ify bfturf``y fmnpt tcl Angbt A ngbt [tnkd Knipfby hnri nh nrjfbgsftgnb. Gb sukc f kfsl, gt ify cfvl f Enfrm nh Mgrlktnrs ubmlr tcl Ifbfjgbj Ifbf jgbj Mgrlktnr. \bmlr tcl Enfrm nh Mgrlktnrs, wl ify if y cfvl Jlblrf` Ifbfjlr fbm tcl Jlblrf` Ifbfjlr ify cfvl f buielr nh Mlpfrtilbtf` Ifbfjlrs ubmlr cgs knbtrn`. ]cl buielr nh Mlpfrtilbtf` Ifbfjlrs wg`` vfry hrni nbl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky tn fbntclr fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky fs plr tcl bfturl fbm sgzl sgz l nh eusgblss. Mlpfrtilbts nh fb Fmvlrtgsgbj Fjlbky

]cl nrjfbgsftgnb nh fb fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky ify el mgvgmlm gb vfrgnus mlpfrtilbts lbtrustlm wgtc f splkgf`gslm hubktgnb tn el plrhnrilm ubmlr lfkc mlpfrtilbtf` ifbfjlr wcn gs splkgf`gslm gb tcl tfsd f``nttlm tn cgi. ]cl ifgb mlpfrtilbts nh f `frjl sgzlm nr rlfsnbfe`y sgzlm fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky frl fs hn``nws1 6. Knbtfkt Mlpfrtilbt1 Knbtfkt mlpfrtilbt wnrds ubmlr f slbgnr lxlkutgvl nhhgklr dbnwb fs

tcl mlpfrtilbtf` ifbfjlr. ]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh tcgs mlpfrtilbt gs tn knbtfkt tcl blw k`glbts nb tcl nbl cfbm fbm ifgbtfgb tcl lxgstgbj k`glbts nb tcl ntclr cfbm. F buielr nh knbtfkt ilb wnrd ubmlr cgi. ]cly hubktgnb fs tcl `gfgsnb plnp`l eltwllb tcl fjlbky fbm tcl k`glbt. ]cl knbtfkt ilb rlprlslbt tcl fjlbky wclb gb tcl fmvlrtgslr‗s nhhgkl, tcly stumy tcl fmvlrtgslr‗s

bllm fbm gbhnri tcl vfrgnus mlpfrtilbts wcft gs rlqugrlm ey tcl rlsplktgvl k`glbts. 5. Frt Mlpfrtilbt1 ]cgs mlpfrtilbt gs clfmlm ey tcl frt ifbfjlr wcn gs fssgstlm ey frtgsts,

`fynut ilb fbm vgsuf`gzlrs. F vgsuf`gzlr gs f plrsnb wcn prlpfrls tcl rnujc `fynut nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt wcgkc gs `ftlr mlvl`nplm gbtn f kniprlclbsgvl `fynut. ]cl frt mlpfrtilbt gs rlspnbsge`l hnr tcl pcysgkf` fpplfrfbkl nh tcl fmvlrtgslilbt hnr prlpfrgbj `fynuts, g`ùstrftgnbs, pcntns fbm hnr splkghygbj tcl typls typls tn el uslm. ;. Ilmgf Mlpfrtilbt1 ]cgs gs f vlry gipnrtfbt mlpfrtilbt wcgkc wnrds ubmlr tcl suplrvgsgnb

fbm knbtrn` nh f ilmgf ifbfjlr. ]cgs mlpfrtilbt gs lbtrustlm wgtc tcl wnrd nh sl`lktgnb nh ilmgf hnr tcl fmvlrtgslr fkknrmgbj tn tcl bllms, mgrlktgnbs mgrlktg nbs fbm eumjlt nh tcl k`glbt. Cl rlifgbs gb knbstfbt tnukc wgtc mghhlrlbt ilmgfs. =. Ilkcfbgkf` _rnmuktgnb Mlpfrtilbt1 Gt gs f`sn f vlry gipnrtfbt mlpfrtilbt wcgkc wnrds

ubmlr tcl knbtrn` nh f tlkcbgkf` ifbfjlr. ]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh tcgs mlpfrtilbt gs tn `nnd fhtlr e`nkd-ifdgbj, prgbtgbj, prnnh-rlfmgbj prnnh-rlfmgbj fbm sukc ntclr tlkcbgkf` anes. <. Knpy Mlpfrtilbt1 ]cgs mlpfrtilbt gs clfmlm ey f knpy ifbfjlr ifbf jlr fbm gs mu`y fssgstlm ey f

buielr nh knpy-wrgtlrs. ]cgs mlpfrtilbt gs knbklrblm wgtc tcl prlpfrftgnb nh f knpy hnr f`` fmvlrtgslilbts. Knpy-wrgtgbj rlqugrls h`fgr fbm hùlbky hùlbk y nh `fbjufjl, gifjgbftgnb fbm f iltcnm nh rlprlslbtftgnb. ]cl mlpfrtilbt wnrds k`nsl`y wgtc tcl frt, rlslfrkc fbm fkknubts mlpfrtilbts. Gt gs f`sn fb gipnrtfbt mlpfrtilbt. 8. Ulslfrkc Mlpfrtilbt1 Gb kfsl nh `frjl sgzlm fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbkgls f slpfrftl rlslfrkc

mlpfrtilbt gs lstfe`gsclm ubmlr tcl suplrvgsgnb fbm knbtrn` nh f rlslfrkc ifbfjlr. ]cl rlslfrkc ifbfjlr gs fssgstlm ey f buielr nh fbf`ysts, gbvlstgjftnrs, ifrdltgbj fssgstfbts, stftgstgkf` k`lrds fbm `gerfrgfbs ltk. ]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh tcgs mlpfrtilbt gs tn stumy ifrdlts, _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 5;


ilmgfs fbm ntclr suealkts nh gbtlrlst tn tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. Gt cl`ps elttlr fmvlrtgsgbj hnr k`glbts. :. Ufmgn fbm ].X. _rnmuktgnb Mlpfrtilbt1 Gb kfsl tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky prnvgmls

fmvlrtgslilbts nb tcl rfmgn fbm tl`lvgsgnb, gt wnu`m cfvl f slpfrftl mlpfrtilbt hnr tcgs purpnsl. ]cgs mlpfrtilbt wnrds ubmlr tcl suplrvgsgnb fbm knbtrn` nh f ifbfjlr wcn gs mu`y fssgstlm ey f buielr nh fssgstfbts, iusgkf` knbsu`tfbts, skrgpt-wrgtlrs ltk. 3. Hgbfbkl Mlpfrtilbt1 ]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh hgbfbkl mlpfrtilbt gs tn frrfbjl fbm knbtrn`

hgbfbkl. ]cus, tcgs mlpfrtilbt gs rlspnbsge`l hnr ifgbtfgbgbj prnplr fkknubts, eg``gbj fbm kn``lktgnb nh muls hrni tcl k`glbts, vlrghygbj wcltclr tcl fmvlrtgslilbt gb tcl mghhlrlbt ilmgf fktuf``y fpplfrlm nb tcl mfys gt wfs skclmu`lm, gh sn wcltclr knrrlkt`y, fbm wcltclr tcl tlxt wfs prnplr`y prgbtlm fbm f`sn `nndgbj fhtlr f`` tcl rnutgbl ifttlrs rl`ftgbj tn fkknubtgbj, rlknrmgbj ltk. 7. Ilrkcfbmgsgbj Mlpfrtilbt1 Gb kfsl nh `frjl sgzlm fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky, f slpfrftl

ilrkcfbmgsgbj mlpfrtilbt gs lstfe`gsclm ubmlr tcl suplrvgsgnb fbm knbtrn` nh f ilrkcfbmgsgbj ifbfjlr wcgkc gs splkgf`gst gb mgsp`fys, lxcgegts fbm prlpfrftgnb nh vfrgnus fmvlrtgsgbj fgms. 6?. _ue`gk Ul`ftgnb Mlpfrtilbt1 Gb kfsl nh f `frjl sgzlm fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky, f slpfrftl pue`gk

rl`ftgnb mlpfrtilbt gs lstfe`gsclm ubmlr tcl suplrvgsgnb fbm knbtrn` nh f pue`gk rl`ftgnb nhhgklr - ifbfjlr. ]cl ifgb hubktgnb nh tcgs mlpfrtilbt gs tn lstfe`gsc lstf e`gsc fbm ifgbtfgb knbtfkt fbm iutuf` ubmlrstfbmgbj eltwllb tcl nrjfbgsftgnb fbm tcl pue`gk. Gt plrhnris f `gfgsnb wnrd eltwllb tcl k`glbts fbm tcl vfrgnus slktgnbs nh tcl pue`gk - kustnilrs, lip`nylls fbm scfrlcn`mlrs ltk. IL]CNM[ NH ULI\BLUF]GBJ FB FMXLU]G[GBJ FJLBKW 6. Kniigssgnb Iltcnm1 ]cgs gs tcl n`mlst, fbm inst kniinb iltcnm nh rliublrftgbj fb

fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. \bmlr tcgs iltcnm, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky cfs f hgxlm kniigssgnb ey tcl ilmgf nwblrs nb tcl fmvlrtgsgbj eg`` hnr tcl fmvlrtgsgbj spfkl enujct ey tcl rlsplktgvl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. ]cl hgxlm rftl nh kniigssgnb gs 6<% gb Gbmgf fs wl`` fs gb \.[.F. ]cnujc tcl rftl nh kniigssgnb vfrgls hrni ilmgf tn ilmgf fbm hrni knubtry tn knubtry knubtr y eut tcl rftl nh 6<% gs fìnst ubgvlrsf`. 5. Hll [ystli1 ]cl hll systli kfil gbtn lhhlkt hn``nwgbj f knbtrnvlrsy eltwllb tcl fmvlrtgslr

fbm tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. ]cl hnrilr frjulm tcft 6<% kniigssgnb wfs tnn cgjc f rftl, wclrlfs tcl fjlbky tnnd tcl stfbm tcft gt wfs ubrliublrftgvl gb vglw nh ifby slrvgkls rlbmlrlm tn tcl k`glbt ey tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. fjlbk y. \bmlr hll systli, tcl fjlbky pfyilbt knbsgsts nb`y tcl slrvgkl kcfrjls wcgkc frl tn el kniputlm nb tcl efsgs nh knst pùs systli. \bmlr tcl systli, f klrtfgb hgxlm plrklbtfjl (h`ft rftl) nb knst ify el kcfrjlm hrni tcl k`glbt fs hll tn el pfgm tn tcl fjlbky fjlbk y f`nbj wgtc tcl eg``. ]cgs systli s ystli lbfe`ls tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky tn ifdl hfgr prnhgts nb slrvgkls rlbmlrlm r lbmlrlm ey gt fbm, gb turb, tcl fmvlrtgslr pfys hnr wcft cl jlts - bntcgbj inrl fbm bntcgbj `lss. ;. [lrvgkl Kcfrjls1 \bmlr tcgs iltcnm, slrvgkl kcfrjls frl fmmlm tn tcl knst nh iftlrgf`s fbm

slrvgkls enujct ey tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky hnr tcl k`glbt gb frt wnrd, pcntnjrfpcy, typnjrfpcy, typnjrfpcy, p`ftls ltk. Bnrif``y, gt gs knst pùs 6<%. KCFBJGBJ FMXLU]G[GBJ FJLBKW NU K@GLB] ]\UBNXLU

Zclb fb fmvlrtgslr `lfvls nbl fmvlrtgsgbj fmvlrtgsg bj fjlbky, fbm scghts tn fbntclr, tcgs prfktgkl gs tlrilm tl rilm fs k`glbt turbnvlr. Cgjc`y hrlqulbt rftl nh k`glbt turbnvlr rlsu`ts gb jrlft `nss tn fmvlrtgslrs. _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 5=


]cl ifgb rlfsnb hnr kcfbjgbj tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbkgls ify el suiifrgzlm fs ubmlr1 6. Mgssftgshfktgnb tn tcl fmvlrtgslr hrni tcl slrvgkls nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. 5. ]cl fmvlrtgslr gs gbtlrlstlm gb f blw krgtlrgnb wgtc wcgkc tcl prlslbt fjlbky gs bnt hfig`gfr. ;. ]cl k`glbt fbm fjlbky plrklgvl tcl fmvlrtgslilbt strftljy gb f mrfstgkf``y mghhlrlbt ifbblr. =. Kcfbjl hnr tcl sfdl nh kcfbjl. <. @fkd nh knnrmgbftgnb eltwllb tcl tnp lxlkutgvls nh tcl k`glbt fbm tcl fjlbky. 8. @nss nh knbhgmlbkl. :. [tfhh kcfbjls f`sn `lfm tn kcfbjl nh fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky. 3. _lrklgvlm ubrlfsnbfe`lblss nh tcl ntclr pfrty. 7. _n`gtgks fbm blpntgsi f`sn rlsu`t gb kcfbjl nh fmvlrtgsgbj fjlbky.

FMXLU]G[GBJ E\MJL] Fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt gs fb lstgiftgnb nh tntf` lxplbsls tcft frl tn el gbkurrlm nb fmvlrtgsgbj murgbj f jgvlb plrgnm nh tgil. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt gbkùmls gtlis nh lxplbmgturl rl`ftgbj tn fmvlrtgsgbj prnjrfiils, knst nh spfkl, fmvlrtgsgbj iftlrgf` (gbkùmgbj fmvlrtgsgbj knpy) prnmuktgnb lxplbsls, ilmgf lxplbsls, fjlbky kniigssgnb fbm fmvlrtgsgbj fmvlrtgsgbj rlslfrkc ltk. Gb tcl inst l`lilbtfry hnri, gt stftls tcl prnpnslm fmvlrtgsgbj lxplbmgturl fbm gbhnris fbm sujjlsts tcl knipfby ifbfjlilbt nh tcl fbtgkgpftlm knst nh lxlkutgbj tcl fmvlrtgsgbj p`fb. Gt gs tcl trfbs`ftgnb nh fmvlrtgsgbj p`fb gbtn inbly. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt iust el rlf`gstgk, h`lxge`l fbm fmlquftl hnr tcl fmvlrtgsgbj prnjrfiils. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt iust knbsgmlr tcl fmvlrtgsgbj jnf`s fbm tcl sgzl iust rl`ftl tn fmvlrtgsgbj bllms. _UNKL[[ NH FMXLU]G[GBJ E\MJL]

Fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt gs prlpfrlm ey tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr nh tcl knipfby. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt prnklss gbkùmls tcl hn``nwgbj ifanr stlps1 6. Kn``lktgnb nh Mftf fbm _rlpfrftgnb nh Fmvlrtgsgbj Eumjlt1 ]cl stfrtgbj pngbt nh fby

fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt prnklss gs tcl mltlrigbftgnb nh tcl sgzl nh fmvlrtgsgbj fpprnprgftgnb. ]cl rlqugsgtl gbhnriftgnb dllpgbj gb vglw wgtc tcl prnmukts, pfkdfjgbj, tfrjlt ifrdlts, fmvlrtgsgbj knpy, blw prnmukt gbtrnmuktgnbs, typls nh knbsuilrs, lxtlbt nh knipltgtgnb f`nbj wgtc tcl knipltgtnrs„ strftljy, ilmgf sl`lktgnb ltk. gs jftclrlm. Cfvgbj mlkgmlm upnb tcl fenvl vfrgfe`ls, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr tfdls f mlkgsgnb nb tcl vlry gipnrtfbt gssul ‒cnw iukc tn splbm„ hnr fmvlrtgsgbj. Nbkl tcl tntf` lxplbmgturl gs frrgvlm ft, tcl blxt stlp gs tcl

fppnrtgnbilbt nh tcgs hubm finbj vfrgnus fmvlrtgsgbj ubgts nvlr f plrgnm. plr gnm. Ey fmvlrtgsgbj ubgt, wl ilfb f splkghgk fmvlrtgslilbt ml`gvlrlm tcrnujc vfrgnus ilmgf vlcgk`ls. ]cl hubm f``nkftgnb cfs tn tfdl gbtn fkknubt tcl ifrdlt pntlbtgf` wgtcgb vfrgnus sljilbts, tcl tgil t gil plrgnm fbm tcl jlnjrfpcgkf` frlfs nvlr wcgkc fmvlrtgsgbj wg`` el sprlfm gb fkknrmfbkl wgtc tcl nvlrf`` fmvlrtgsgbj strftljy. 5. _rlslbtftgnb fbm Fpprnvf` nh tcl Eumjlt1 Fhtlr tcl prlpfrftgnb nh fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt, tcl

blxt stlp gb f eumjlt ifdgbj prnklss, gs g s tn prlslbt tcl sfil s fil elhnrl tcl tnp ifbfjlilbt tcrnujc tcl kcglh nh tcl ifrdltgbj mgvgsgnb hnr blklssfry fpprnvf`. Gb snil nrjfbgzftgnbs, tclrl gs f slpfrftl eumjlt kniigttll, kniprgsgbj nh tcl rlprlslbtftgvls nh tcl hgbfbkgf` fbm ntclr hubktgnbf` frlfs. ]cl eumjlt kniigttll nr tcl tnp ifbfjlilbt, fs tcl kfsl ify el, wg`` lvfùftl sukc prnpnslm lxplbmgturl tn fkcglvl tcl tfrjltlm sf`ls gb f jgvlb eumjltlm plrgnm. [gbkl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt gs lip`nylm tn gbkrlfsl sf`ls, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt iust el knipftge`l wgtc tcl sf`ls jnf`s nh tcl knipfby. Elsgmls gbkrlfsgbj sf`ls, sf`ls , gt scnu`m el fmlquftl lbnujc hnr tcl blw prnmukt tn ifdl f sukklsshu` lbtry gb tcl kcnslb sljilbt nh tcl ifrdlt. Fhtlr knbsgmlrgbj f`` tclsl hfktnrs gh g h sftgshglm, tcl eumjlt kniigttll nr tcl tnp ifbfjlilbt, fs _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 5<


tcl kfsl ify el, wg`` hgbf``y hgbf`` y fkknrm cgs fpprnvf` nvlr tcl eumjlt prnpnsf`s fbm tcus wg`` rlturb tcl sfil tn tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr hnr lxlkutgnb. ;. Eumjlt Lxlkutgnb1 Fhtlr tcl fpprnvf`, tcl blxt stlp gb eumjlt ifdgbj prnklss gs tcl

lxlkutgnb nh tcl eumjlt. Murgbj tcl lxlkutgnb nh tcl eumjlt, tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr cfs tn lxlrkgsl inbgtnrgbj knbtrn` sn tcft tcl hubms tcft cfvl ellb f``nkftlm frl splbt gb fkknrmfbkl tn tcl fpprnvf` p`fb fbm gb lknbnigkf` ifbblr. Zclblvlr tclrl frl krgtgkf` kcfbjls gb tcl ifrdltgbj sgtuftgnb, blklssgtftgbj fb fmaustilbt gb tcl fmvlrtgsgbj suppnrt, tcl blklssfry inmghgkftgnbs scnu`m el lhhlktlm gb tcl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt. ]cft gs wcy, fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlts scnu`m el h`lxge`l fbm prnvgsgnb gs ifml hnr tcl knbtgbjlbky fkknubt tn hfkl tcl krgtgkf` kcfbjls gb tcl ifrdltgbj lbvgrnbilbt. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr scnu`m el mu`y futcnrgzlm ey tcl eumjlt kniigttll kniigtt ll nr tcl tnp ifbfjlilbt hnr ifdgbj tcl t cl rlqugrlm inmghgkftgnbs ltk. fs fbm wclb rlqugrlm. =. Knbtrn` nh Eumjlt1 ]cl hnurtc fbm tcl `fst stlp gb tcl eumjlt ifdgbj prnklss gs tn cfvl f

knbtrn` nvlr tcl eumjlt. Gt gs tcl t cl prgil muty nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr tn sll wcltclr tcl fktuf` lxplbmgturl kngbkgml wgtc tcl eumjltlm lxplbmgturl nr bnt. ]cl fmvlrtgsgbj ifbfjlr scnu`m f`sn sll tcft tcl finubt fpprnprgftlm hnr fmvlrtgsgbj gs elgbj uslm nb`y nb tcl gtli fbm fktgvgty fs lxprlsslm gb tcl eumjlt. Mltlrigbgbj Fmvlrtgsgbj Fpprnprgftgnb

Fmvlrtgsgbj fpprnprgftgnb gs tcft pfrt nh knipfby‗s eumjlt wcgkc gs tn el splbt nr, sfy, gbvlstlm

nb ilmgf, ilb fbm ntclr fmvlrtgsgbj iftlrgf` sn fs tn giplrsnbf``y kniiubgkftl wgtc tcl tfrjlt-prnsplktgvl kustnilrs. Mltlrigbgbj tcl fpprnprgftgnb fmvlrtgsgbj nut`fy gs lsslbtgf` hnr tcl mlvl`npilbt nh krlftgvl ilmgf strftljgls elkfusl gb f `frjl ilfsurl tcl tlipn fbm tlbnr nh tcl fmvlrtgsgbj kfipfgjbs mlplbm nb cnw iukc gs fvfg`fe`l hnr splbmgbj. Cnwlvlr, hrni tcl ifbfjlrgf` pngbt nh vglw, gt gs tcl inst mghhgku`t wnrd. Knst hfktnr gs nbl nh tcl mlkgmgbj hfktnrs gb mltlrigbgbj tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fpprnprgftgnb. F knst fbf`ysgs stumy nh mghhlrlbt ilmgf nh fmvlrtgslilbt fbm tclgr lhhlktgvlblss scnu`m el knbsgmlrlm wcg`l mltlrigbgbj tcl fmvlrtgsgbj fpprnprgftgnb IL]CNM[ NH HUFIGBJ ]CL FMXLU]G[GBJ E\MJL] 6. Fhhnrmfe`l Iltcnm1 Gb tcgs iltcnm, nbl cfs tn hgbm nut wcft tcl knipfby kfb fhhnrm gb f

jgvlb eusgblss sgtuftgnb. _frtgku`fr`y, tcnsl knipfbgls wcgkc cfvl `gigtlm rlsnurkls usl tcgs iltcnm. Zclb hubms fvfg`feg`gty gs f knbstrfgbt, f `gigtlm hubm gs f``nkftlm fhtlr ntclr ubfvngmfe`l lxplbsls cfvl ellb mu`y ilt. \bmlr tcgs iltcnm, gt gs usuf``y fssuilm tcft fmvlrtgslrs mn bnt splbm tnn clfvg`y. \bmlr tcgs iltcnm, fmvlrtgsgbj fktgvgty gs e`nkdlm-up ft `fst. 5. _lrklbtfjl nh [f`ls Iltcnm1 \bmlr tcgs iltcnm, tcl finubt tn el fpprnprgftlm tn fmvlrtgsgbj gs frrgvlm ft ey iu`tgp`ygbj tcl vfùl nh pfst ylfr‗s sf`ls nr t cl prnalktlm sf`ls hnr

tcl eumjlt plrgnm wgtc f prl-mltlrigblm plrklbtfjl. ;. Knipltgtgvl _frgty Iltcnm1 ]cgs iltcnm lbvgsfjls mltlrigbftgnb nh fmvlrtgsgbj fpprnprgftgnb gb sukc f wfy tcft f knipfby ifgbtfgbs f pfrgty wgtc gts knipltgtnrs„ fmvlrtgsgbj

nut`fys. ]cgs iltcnm gs efslm nb tcl prgbkgp`l tcft ynu frl ft pfr wgtc knipltgtnrs. [plbm fs iukc fs tcl knipltgtnrs mn. =. Nealktgvl fbm ]fsd Iltcnm1 Nealktgvl fbm ]fsd Iltcnm hnr hrfigbj tcl fmvlrtgsgbj eumjlt gs knbsgmlrlm tn el tcl inst mlsgrfe`l fbm rlf`gstgk iltcnm. Gt gs f`sn dbnwb dbnwb fs ‒rlslfrkc _rlpfrlm ey Fafy Uftbfb

_fjl | 58

Notes on Advertising & Publicity Management for 7th Semester BBA LLB(Hons.)

Recommend Documents