NOTE-TAKING: NOTE-TAKING: SYMBOLS Verb Tenses and Modal Verbs.
The tenses that are most important to note are the present, the past, the future and the conditional. The most effective way to note them is to put a graphic sign near the verb form. So, an L sign will indicate the future, a reversed L sign ( ) will show the past, a circumflexed stress will show the conditional, whereas no extra sign will be used for the present tense. As for modal verbs, it is advisable to note them in English, since they are rather short : may, must, can, want, etc. or should = shd; could = cd; would = ˆ ; must = › ; may = may
...verb tenses
work work g
Work |
| work
| wôrk
worki working ng work worked ed will will work work woul would d work work
UNDERLINING
rise, increase, grow, climb etc. Rise sharply, jump, soar Rise dramatically, leap, skyrocket etc Faltering rise, etc
sa y poor
assert Very poor
Poor
Grinding, crushing poverty, destitution
Poor ......
Fairly poor, more or less badly off
(underline twice)
Here are some more examples of one (organic) symbol that is the starting point for many other symbols (a common root). al
national (adjective)
ally
Nationally
ze
to nationalize
tn
nationalisation
o
national (noun), citizen
return, come back, reverse, regress rise, increase, grow, climb etc. fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink, exchange, relations, lead to, consequence of, therefore J
pleased.
L
annoyed, unhappy, unimpressed, etc.
L
very unhappy, disgusted, etc
Õ
to think
Ō
to know, (the straight line denotes certainty, in comparison to the squiggly line for “to think”.)
The circle can also be used to denote a person who is associated with the meaning of that symbol. This can be done by adding a raised circle to another
symbol.
c al
national (adjective) c o
citizen
econ
Economy
econ o
economist
E
Energy
E o
energy expert, supplier,
π
Policy
π
∩
that, which, what
∩o
o
politician Who, whose, whom
etc. (introducing subordinate clauses)
Suffix
-ition -ation -ution -ision -ize, ise
Note
Example
n z
constitution institution production
Constn instn prodn
re-nationalize privatize monopolize
Renatz privz monopz Execv compv inclv Prody compy excluy Govt devt Fashb biodegradb
-itive -isive -ative
executive comprehensive inclusive
v
-ivity
y
productivity competitivity exclusivity
-ment
t
Government development
-able
b
fashionable biodegradable
LINKS/LINK WORDS
B
But, however, nonetheless, on the other Limitation or contradiction following an idea hand, in spite of this, all the same etc.
THO
Although, despite (the fact that), even though, while, whilst, notwithstanding
COS
Because, the main reason for this, what Effect → cause is causing this, etc.
→
Hence, this means that, the result of this Cause → effect is, the consequence of this is, so that, because of this, therefore, this is why, not surprisingly then, etc.
TO
(in order) to, in such a way as to, so that, with the aim of, the purpose being to, etc.
IF...
If ... then ... (or inversion of same), had I Condition and consequence known, were this to happen (and other similar conditionals), provided that, given a ... then b, etc.
→
Limitation or contradiction preceding both linked ideas
purpose
eg
For example, in particular, amongst Examples of the preceding idea – often in the other things, inter alia, like, not least the, form of lists etc. and for announcing lists
+
Also, in addition, and, not only, on top of addition that there is, furthermore etc.
//
The paragraph mark: no link, end of section, end of idea.
No link
Frequently occurring VERBS
Want, wish, desire, hope for
" ♥
Think, consider, hold the view, be minded to, be of the conviction
Õ
Propose, suggest, put forward, move to, nominate etc.
»
Speak, say, announce, declare, tell etc.
Frequently occurring NOUNS
Consequence, result, end-effect, ramifications, repercussions, etc
S →
Problem, difficulty, hindrance, hurdle, stumbling block (which gives us this symbol), etc.
^^^
Support, backing, endorsement, etc.
Nation, country, state
Politics, policy money Industry (this symbol represents a chimney with smoke coming out of it)
π
$ Ĩ
Verbs or nouns
Support, backing, endorsement, etc. Decide, decision Change, reform, overhaul, rework, redraft, amend
S Ø Δ
Gillies, Andrew. Note-taking for Consecutive Interpreting. A Short Course. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2005 http://interpreters.free.fr/consecnotes/organics.htm
