NORMA ARGENTINA
IRAM 681* Cuarta edición
681 2014
2014-07-25
Aluminio y aleaciones base aluminio
Composición química Aluminium and aluminium base alloys Chemical composition
* Corresponde a la revisión de la tercera edición, a la que esta cuarta edición reemplaza.
Referencia Numérica: IRAM 681:2014
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
Prefacio El Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación (IRAM) es una asociación civil sin fines de lucro cuyas finalidades específicas, en su carácter de Organismo Argentino de Normalización, son establecer normas técnicas, sin limitaciones en los ámbitos que abarquen, además de propender al conocimiento y la aplicación de la normalización como base de la calidad, promoviendo las actividades de certificación de productos y de sistemas de la calidad en las empresas para brindar seguridad al consumidor. IRAM es el representante de Argentina en la International Organization for Standardization (ISO), en la Comisión Panamericana de Normas Técnicas (COPANT) y en la Asociación MERCOSUR de Normalización (AMN). Esta norma es el fruto del consenso técnico entre los diversos sectores involucrados, los que a través de sus representantes han intervenido en los Organismos de Estudio de Normas correspondientes.
Corresponde a la revisión de la tercera edición (2002), a la que esta cuarta edición reemplaza. reemplaza. Esta norma posee tres anexos de carácter informativo.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
Índice Página
0 INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCCIÓN ................... ......... ................... .................. .................. ................... ................... .................. .................. ................... .......... 5 1 OBJETO OBJETO Y CAMPO CAMPO DE APLICACIÓ APLICACIÓN N .................. ......... ................... ................... .................. .................. ................ ....... 5 2 DOCUMENTOS NORMATIVOS NORMATIVOS PARA CONSULTA ................... ......... ................... .................. ............. 5 3 DESIGNACIÓN Y COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA .................. ......... .................. .................. ................... ............. ... 6 4 MÉTODOS DE ENSAYO................... .......... .................. .................. ................... ................... .................. .................. ................ ....... 6 Anexo A (Informativo) (Inform ativo) Equivalencias entre designaciones designacione s de aleaciones base aluminio para deformación deformación plástica .................. ......... ................... ................... ............... ...... 21 Anexo B (Informativo) Bibliografía.......................... Bibliografía................. ................... ................... .................. .................. .............. ..... 22 Anexo C (Informativo) Integrantes Integrantes de los organismos organismos de estudio estudio .................. ......... ............ ... 23
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
Aluminio y aleaciones base aluminio Composición química 0 INTRODUCCIÓN La presente revisión incorpora las aleaciones de uso frecuente en el país y en la región.
1 OBJETO Y CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN
IRAM 60404 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de determinación del hierro con 1,10 fenantrolina por espectrofotometría de absorción. IRAM 60405-1 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de referencia para la determinación del cromo por espectrometría con difenilcarbazida. IRAM 60405-2 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método rápido para la determinación del cromo por espectrofotometría con difenilcarbazida. difenilcarbazida.
Esta norma establece la designación y la composición química del aluminio y las aleaciones base aluminio, utilizados para la elaboración de productos obtenidos por deformación plástica “wrought alloy”.
IRAM 60406-1 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Obtención y preparación de la muestra para análisis químico.
2 DOCUMENTOS NORMATIVOS PARA CONSULTA
IRAM 60406-2 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Obtención y preparación de la muestra para el análisis químico, de aleaciones madre de aluminio.
Todo documento normativo que se menciona a continuación es indispensable para la aplicación de este documento.
IRAM 60407 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación de silicio. Método espectrofotométrico con heptamolibdato de amonio.
Cuando en el listado se mencionan documentos normativos en los que se indica el año de publicación, significa que se debe aplicar dicha edición. En caso contrario, se debe aplicar la edición vigente, incluyendo todas sus modificaciones.
IRAM 60408 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de determinación del cobre, por la técnica de volumetría yodométrica.
IRAM 60401 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de determinación del vanadio por espectrofotometría. IRAM 60402 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de determinación del cobre con neocuproína por espectrofotometría de absorción. IRAM 60403 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de determinación del níquel por la técnica
IRAM 60409 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación de magnesio. Método de valoración con la sal disódica del ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA). IRAM 60410 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método para la determinación de silicio por gravimetría. IRAM 60411 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación del níquel. Método espectrofotométrico con dimetilglioxima. IRAM 60412 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación de silicio. Método espectrofotométrico
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
IRAM 60413 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación de magnesio. Método volumétrico con hidroxi-8-quinolina. hidroxi-8-quinolina.
IRAM 60423 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método para la determinación del cobre y del plomo por la técnica electrogravimétrica. electrogravimétrica.
IRAM 60414 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación del cromo. Método volumétrico.
IRAM 60424 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método para la determinación de estaño, por volumetría con yodato de potasio.
IRAM 60415 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método volumétrico para la determinación del manganeso. IRAM 60416 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación del cinc. Método espectrofotométrico con ditizona. IRAM 60417 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de determinación del titanio por la técnica espectrofotométrica de absorción. IRAM 60418 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación de manganeso. Método espectrofotométrico. IRAM 60419 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de análisis del aluminio por espectrometría de absorción atómica. IRAM 60420 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación del boro. Método espectrofotométrico de absorción con ácido carmínico.
IRAM 60425 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación del litio. Método espectrométrico de emisión en llama. IRAM 60426-1 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método de análisis de aleaciones de aluminio por absorción atómica. IRAM 60427 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Determinación del cinc. Método gravimétrico. gr avimétrico. IRAM 60429 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. Método para la determinación de circonio, por espectrofotometría espectrofotometría con arsenazo III.
3 DESIGNACIÓN Y COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA El aluminio y las aleaciones base aluminio , deben cumplir con la designación y composición química indicada en la tabla 1.
IRAM 60421-1 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. aleaciones. Método para la determinación de bismuto en aluminio y aleaciones de aluminio denominadas de primera fusión, por espectrofotometría.
4 MÉTODOS DE ENSAYO
IRAM 60421-2 - Aluminio y sus aleaciones. aleaciones. Método tentativo para la determinación de bismuto en aleaciones de aluminio denominadas de segunda fusión, por espectrofotometría. espectrofotometría.
El análisis químico de los productos, obtenidos por deformación plástica, se efectúa de acuerdo con lo establecido en las IRAM mencionadas en el capítulo 2.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
NOTAS: (1)
La composición está expresada expresada en porcentaje máximo en masa excepto excepto que se indique un intervalo o un mínimo. Los elementos aleantes e impurezas están expresados hasta los decimales siguientes: Menor que 0,001%........................................................................................................... 0,001%...................................................................................................................................................0,000X ........................................0,000X Igual o mayor que 0,001% y menor que 0,01%..........................................................................................................0,00X Igual o mayor que 0,01% y menor que 0,10% Aluminio sin alear obtenido por proceso de refinación......................................................................................0,0XX Aleaciones y aluminio sin alear no procesado por refinación..............................................................................0,0X 0,10% hasta 0,55%............................................................................................. 0,55%......................................................................................................................................................0,XX .........................................................0,XX (Es usual expresar los límites desde 0,30% hasta 0,55% como 0,X0 o 0,X5) Mayor que 0,55%...........................................................................................................................................0,X; X,X; etc. (Excepto los límites combinados de Si+Fe en la serie 1XXX que se deben expresar como 0,XX o 1,XX)
(2)
Excepto para aluminio y y otros , los análisis generalmente se hacen para los elementos que tienen límites específicos. A los fines de determinar la conformidad de estos límites, un valor obtenido de análisis, se redondea a la unidad más cercana a la última cifra si significativa gnificativa expresada en el valor límite, de acuerdo con lo siguiente:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
(13)
Eliminada. Aleación 8001 desactivada.
(14)
0,10 a 0,50 Bi, 0,10 a 0,25 Sn.
(15)
1,0 (Si+Fe) máximo.
(16)
Un límite de Zr+Ti máximo de 0,25 se puede utilizar para productos productos de aleaciones destinados a la extrusión extrusión o forjado.
(17)
0,02 a 0,08 Zr.
(18)
Anteriormente designado EC (“Electrical conductors”).
(19)
Aleaciones inactivas pueden ser reactivadas con su original designación designación y límites de composición química. Cuando esto es posible, los límites de la composición química deben ser restablecidos. Una aleación experimental inactiva puede sólo ser reactivada si la X es eliminada. Pueden elegirse designaciones inactivas para reasignarlas a registros de nuevas composiciones sólo si: a)
No hay designaciones disponibles en esa familia de aleaciones.
b)
Pasaron diez años desde la fecha de desactivado.
c)
La aleación no es original y se puede registrar con otra composición composición química que la pueda confundir.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
especificaciones. Sin embargo, tales análisis no son requeridos y pueden no cubrir todos los otros elementos elementos metálicos. Es posible que algún análisis del proveedor o el productor exceda los límites establecidos en individual o o el total , en cuyo caso el material se debe declarar no conforme . (40)
0,02 B máximo.
(41)
0,01 B máximo.
(42)
0,003 Pb máximo.
(43)
0,6 a 1,5 Bi; 0,05 Cd máximo.
(44)
0,6 oxígeno máximo.
(45)
0,005 Be máximo; 0,05 a 0,50 oxígeno.
(46)
0,25 a 0,6 Ag; 0,7 a 1,4 Li.
(47)
0,25 a 0,6 Ag; 0,7 a 1,5 Li.
(48)
Eliminada. Aleación 6090 desactivada.
(49)
0,20 (Zr+Ti) máximo.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
Anexo B
(Informativo)
Bibliografía En la revisión de esta norma se ha tenido en cuenta el antecedente siguiente: ORMALIZACIÓN Y
IÓN
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014
Anexo C
(Informativo)
Integrantes de los organismos de estudio La revisión de esta norma ha estado a cargo de los organismos respectivos, integrados en la forma siguiente:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
IRAM 681:2014