ANSI/AGMA 60006000 -- B96 Revision of ANSI/AGMA 60006000 --A88 Reaffirmed Reaffirmed January 2010
American National Standard
Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units
6 9 B 0 0 0 6 A M G A / I S N A Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
American National Standard
Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 [Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88] Approv Approval al of an Americ American an Nat Nation ional al Standa Standard rd requir requires es verifica verificatio tion n by ANSI tha thatt the requir requireements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. developer. Consensus Consensus is estab established lished when when,, in the judgment judgment of the the ANSI Board of Standards Standards Review, Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substa Substanti ntial al agreem agreement ent mea means ns much much mo more re tha than n a simple simple ma major jority ity,, but not necess necessari arily ly una una-nimity nimity. Consensus Consensus requires requires that all views and objections objections be considered, considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of Americ American an Nat Nation ional al Standa Standards rds is comple completel tely y volunt voluntary ary;; the their ir existe existence nce doe does s not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American American National Standard. Moreover, Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standa Standard rd in the nam name e of the Americ American an Nat Nation ional al Standa Standards rds Instit Institute ute.. Req Reques uests ts for interp interpreretation tation of this this standa standard rd should should be add addres ressed sed to the Ameri American can Gear Gear Man Manufa ufactu cturer rers s Association. CAUTION NOTICE: NOTICE: AGMA technical publications publications are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. [Tables or other self--supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should read: Extracted from ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibrat Vibration ion on Gear Gear Units, Units, with with the permis permissio sion n of the pub publis lisher her,, the Americ American an Gear Gear Manufacturers Association, Association, 1500 King Street, Suite Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia Virginia 22314.]
Approved September 6, 1996
ABSTRACT This This standa standard rd presen presents ts a met methodfor hodfor themeasurem themeasurement ent of linear linear vibrat vibration ions s on a gea gearr unit. unit. Instru Instrume menta ntatio tion, n, mea mea-suring methods, test procedures and discrete frequency vibration limits are recommended for acceptance testing. An annex which lists system effects effects on gear unit vibration and responsibility responsibility is also provided. Published by
American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright © 1996 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1--55589 1--55589---666-666 --9
ii Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Contents Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv 1
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5
Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6
Vibration measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7
Test conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8
Acceptable levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9
Measurement report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2
Tables 1
Applicable vibration instrumentation standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2
Preferable units for vibration measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figures 1
Displacement limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2
Velocity limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3
Acceleration limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Annexes A
Relati Relations onship hip bet betwee ween n displa displacem cement ent,, veloci velocity ty and accele accelerat ration ion wavef waveform orms s .... 9
B
System effects and responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
C
ISO vibration rating curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
D
Metric tric to nonnon--me -metric tric con convers versio ion n of vibr vibrat atio ion n measu easure rem ments nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
E
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
iii Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Foreword [The [The forewo foreword, rd, foo footno tnotes tes,, and ann annexe exes, s, if any, any, in this this docume document nt are provid provided ed for inform informati ationa onall purpos purposes es only only and are not to be constr construed ued as a part part of ANSI/A ANSI/AGMA GMA Standa Standard rd 6000--B96, Specification 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units .] .] ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88 6000--A88 included and superseded the information previously published in AGMA 426.01 (1972), Specification (1972), Specification for Measurement of Lateral Vibration on High Speed Helical and Herringbone Gear Units . Performance of driven equipment is dependent upon the individual characteristics of the prime mover, gear unit, driven machine and support structure, as well as their combined effec effects ts as a system system.. The proper proper assess assessmen mentt of perfor performan mance ce charac character terist istics ics is essent essential ial for realistic evaluation. The knowledge and judgment required required to properly evaluate the gear unit unit vibrat vibration ion comes comes prima primaril rily y from from years years of accumu accumulat lated ed experi experienc ence e in design designing ing,, manufacturing, and operating gear units. For these reasons, the use of this standard standard and the the evalua evaluatio tion n of test test result results s for specif specific ic gea gearr produc productt app applic licati ations ons should should only only be attem attempte pted d by experienced personnel. The complexity of gear vibration phenomena makes most vibration standards difficult to apply or to properly interpret. The AGMA Acoustical Technology Technology Committee developed the Specif Specifica icatio tion n for Measur Measureme ement nt of Linear Linear Vibrat Vibration ion on Gear Gear Units Units to to provid provide e a common common basis basis for communicatio communication n betw between een project engineers, engineers, gear manufacture manufacturers, rs, and users. The purpos purpose e was, was, also, also, to encour encourage age the ma maxim ximum um practi practical cal deg degree ree of unifor uniformit mity y and consistency among vibration measurement practices within the gear industry. Becaus Because e of the wide wide variat variation ion of gea gearr driven driven system systems s and struct structura urall support supports, s, ANSI/A ANSI/AGMA GMA 6000--A88 6000--A88 identified certain areas where special considerations might be necessary and must be agreed upon between purchaser and gear manufacturer when discussing gear vibrations. ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88 was approved as a standard by the AGMA membership in May 1988 and approved as an American National Standard on June 16, 1988. ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 is a revision revision of ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88. The revision includes clarification of application of the standard, changes to annex A, and the addition of a new annex C, from ISO 8579--2. 8579--2. ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 was approved as a standard by the AGMA membership in June 1996, and approved as an American National Standard on September 6, 1996. Suggestions for improvement improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American American Gear Manufact Manufacturers urers Association, Association, 1500 King Street, Street, Suite Suite 201, Alexandria, Alexandria, Virginia Virginia 22314. 22314.
iv Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
PERSONNEL of the AGMA Acoustical Technology Committee Chairman: E. Wudi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cummins Engine Co. Vice Chairman: R.A. Schunck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Falk Corporation
ACTIVE MEMBERS J.B. Amendola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.D. Behlke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Bowes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. Matson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J.L. Radovich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAAG Gear Company, Ltd. Twin Disc, Inc. General Motors Corporation Caterpillar, Inc. Davis -- Standard
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS D.L. Borden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Cressman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M.F. Dalton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P.R. Dickson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J.M. Franchuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.R. Houser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Kennan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.J. Lemanski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. Lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.A. McCarroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Nageli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M.W. Neesley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J.R. Partridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R.L. Platt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.C. Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Simonelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. Sonti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.A. Thoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Thurman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K. Umezawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Voight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gear Research Institute Philadelphia Mixers Corp. General Electric Company Bay City Iron Works, Inc. WesTech Gear Corporation Ohio State University Emerson Power Trans. Corp. Penn State University Lufkin Industries, Inc. Penn State University The Gleason Works MAAG Gear Company, Ltd. WesTech Gear Corporation euro Lufkin bv General Motors Corporation Otis Elevator Emerson Power Transmission Penn State University F.A. Thoma, Inc. Caterpillar, Inc. Japan Gear Manufacturing Co. General Motors Corporation
v Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
This page is intentionally left blank.
vi Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NA NATIONAL TIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
American National Standard --
Five annexes are for reference only and are not a part of this standard.
Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units
Anne Annex x A illu illust stra rate tes s the the rela relati tion onsh ship ip betw betwee een n vibratory vibratory displaceme displacement, nt, velocity velocity and acceleratio acceleration n waveforms. Annex B discusses discusses systems systems effe effects cts and responsibility. Annex Annex C presen presents ts five five classe classes s of gea gearr unit unit vibrat vibration ion rating and a subjective procedure for selecting the prop proper er rati rating ng base based d on the the appl applic icat atio ion n and and transmitted power.
1 Scop Scope e
Annex D gives the conversio conversion n of metric, SI units units to non--metric non--metric (inch) units.
This This standa standard rd presen presents ts a met method hod for mea measur suring ing steady state filtered linear vibrations of a gear unit. Types of instrumentation, measurement methods, and testin testing g proced procedure ures s for the det determ ermina inatio tion n of linear vibration levels for specific types of gear units are provided. provided. Vibration Vibration limits limits at discrete discrete frequencie frequencies s are recommende recommended d for acceptance acceptance testing. testing. It is not the intent intent of this standard standard to provide provide unfiltered unfiltered limits. limits.
Annex E contains contains a bibliography bibliography..
The recommended limits and conditions specified herein herein are intend intended ed as the vibrat vibration ion criter criteria ia for for performance of the gear drive during the equipment manufacturer’s test when specifically agreed to by the manufacturer and purchaser. This standard is specifically applicable to enclosed spee speed d redu reduci cing ng or incr increa easi sing ng gear gear driv drive e unit units s designed, rated, and lubricated in accordance with ANSI/AGMA product standards as indicated in 4.3. This standard does not apply to integrated systems, shaft--mounted shaft--mounted units, special or auxiliary drive trains or pow power er taketake--of -offf gea gears. rs. Vibra Vibratio tion n amp amplit litude udes s exceeding the recommendations of this specification for drives with flexible housings or on flexible supports may also be allowable if accounted for in the the desi design gn.. Acce Accept ptab able le limi limits ts for for this this type type of equipm equ ipment ent should should be indepe independe ndentl ntly y specif specified ied.. Howeve How everr, if neg negoti otiate ated, d, this this standa standard rd ma may y be app applie lied d to such equipment. Torsional orsional and transient transient vibrations vibrations of a geared geared system system are not included in this standard. NOTE: Comp Compli lian ance ce with with this this stan standa dard rd doe does s not not consti constitut tute e a warrant warranty y of the measured measured gea gearr unit’s unit’s performance under installed field service conditions.
2 Referenc References es The following standards contain provisions which, throug through h refere reference nce in this this text, text, consti constitut tute e provisi provisions ons of this this Ameri American can Nation National al Standar Standard. d. At the time of publicatio publication, n, the editions editions indicated indicated were valid. All standa standards rds are subjec subjectt to revisio revision, n, and partie parties s to agre agreem emen ents ts base based d on this this Amer Americ ican an Nati Nation onal al Standa Standard rd are encour encourage aged d to invest investiga igate te the possib possibilility ity of appl applyin ying g the the mo most st rece recent nt edit editio ions ns of the the standards indicated below. ANSI--S2.2ANSI--S2.2--1959 -1959 (R1990), Meth Method ods s for for Calibration of Shock and Vibration Pickups
the the
ANSI--S2.4--1976 (R1990), Methods (R1990), Methods for Specifying the Characteristics of Auxiliary Analog Equipment for Shock and Vibration Measurements ANSI--S2.10 ANSI--S2.10 --1971 -197 1 (R1990), (R199 0), Method Method for Analysis Analysis and Presentation of Shock and Vibration Data ANSI--Z24.21--1954 (R1989), Specifying Specifying the the Char- acte acteri rist stics ics of Pick Pickup ups s for for Shoc Shock k and and Vibr Vibrat atio ion n Measurements ISO 1925:1990, 1925:1990, Mechanical vibration -- Balancing -- Vocabulary ISO 2041:1990, Vibration 2041:1990, Vibration and shock -- Vocabulary ISO 2954:1975, 2954:1975, Mechanical Mechanical vibration vibration of rotating rotating and reciprocat reciprocating ing machinery machinery -- Requiremen Requirements ts for instruments for measuring vibration severity
1 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
3 Definitions Definitions The follow following ing def defini initio tions ns are provid provided ed to identi identify fy specific terms and phrases used in this standard. The terms used, wherever noted, conform with ISO 1925, Balancing Balancing vocabulary , ISO ISO 2041 2041,, Vibration and shock -- Vocabulary or or ANSI S1.1, Acoustical Terminology (Incl Includ udin ing g Me Mech chan anica icall Shoc Shock k and and Vibration ). ). acceleration: A vect vector or that that spec specif ifie ies s the the time time derivative of velocity (ISO 2041 -- 1.03). accelerometer: A transducer transducer which converts an input acceleration to an output that is proportional to the input acceleration (see definition of transducer). bearing bearing block: block: The structural structural component component which supports supports the bearing. bearing. It may be part of the housing housing casing or supported inside the oil--retaining oil--retaining casing. bearing bearing journal: journal: That That part part of a roto rotorr (sha (shaft ft)) whic which h is in contact with or supported by a bearing in which it revolves (ISO 1925 -- 2.4). displacement: A vector quantity that specifies the chan change ge of posit positio ion n of a body body,, or part partic icle le,, with with resp respec ectt to a reference frame (ISO 2041 -- 1.01). discrete discrete frequency: frequency: A single single freque frequency ncy of vibrat vibration ion that is generated by a gear unit component. filter: A device device for separa separatin ting g oscilla oscillatio tions ns on a basis basis of their frequenc frequency y. It introduc introduces es relati relativel vely y small small atten attenuat uation ion to wave wave oscill oscillati ations ons in one or more more frequency bands, and relatively large attenuation to wave oscillations of other frequencies (ISO 2041 -B14). frequency: The recipr reciproca ocall of the fundame fundamenta ntall peri period od (tim (time e rate rate of repe repeti titi tion on of a peri period odic ic phenomenon). NOTE: The unit of frequency frequency is the hertz (Hz), which correspo corresponds nds to one cycle per second (ISO (ISO 2041 -2.023).
linear vibration: A vibration in which the locus of a vibrating point is a straight line (ISO 2041 --- 2.046). nonnon --contact -co ntact probe: A non--contacting transducer which converts an input distance or displacement into an electrical output that is proportional to the input distance or displacement. peak value: value: The maximum maximum value value of a qua quanti ntity ty (acceleration, velocity, velocity, displacement) during a given interval (ISO 2041 -- 2.036).
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
peak--to peak--to --peak value (of an oscillating osci llating quantity): The algebr algebraic aic differ differenc ence e bet betwee ween n the extrem extreme e values of the quantity (ISO 2041 -- 2.037). resonance: Reso Resona nanc nce e of a syst system em in forc forced ed oscillation exists when any change, however small, in the frequency of excitation causes a decrease in the response of the system (ISO 2041 --- 2.074). transducer: A device designed designed to receive receive energy from one system and supply energy, of either the same same or of a diff differ eren entt kind kind,, to anot anothe herr syst system em in such such a man manner ner tha thatt the desire desired d charac character terist istics ics of the input input energy appears at the output output (ISO 2041 --- 4.01). velocity: A vector that specifies the time derivative of displacement (ISO 2041 -- 1.02). vibration: The variation with time of the magnitude of a quantity which is descriptive of the motion or position of a mechanical system, when the magnitude is alternately greater and smaller than some average value or reference (ISO 2041 -- 2.001).
4 Applicati Application on 4.1 Unit type type limitation limitations s This standard applies only to power transmission gear gear unit units, s, comp compri rise sed d of a gear gear trai train n and and the the necess necessary ary bea bearin rings gs and shafts shafts in an indivi individua duall hous housin ing. g. The The gear gear unit unit shou should ld be test tested ed in a ma mann nner er to mini minimi mize ze syst system em effe effect cts s such such as list listed ed in anne annex x B. Accept Acceptabl able e limits limits for tests tests of gea geared red equ equipm ipment ent outs outsid ide e the the scop scope e of this this stan standa dard rd shou should ld be independen independently tly specified. specified. However However,, if negotiated negotiated,, this this standa standard rd or oth others ers may be app applie lied d to such such equipment. 4.2 System System considerat considerations ions Vibration levels of the gear unit in field service may be adve advers rsel ely y affe affect cted ed by fact factor ors s not not unde underr the the control of the gear manufacturer, as listed in annex B. Therefore Therefore,, gear manufactur manufacturers ers cannot cannot be held responsible for higher vibration levels resulting from envi enviro ronm nmen enta tall and and syst system em infl influe uenc nces es in fiel field d installation. CAUTION: System CAUTION: System effects should be analyzed during the initial initial design stage of a transmission transmission system. system. The responsibilit responsibility y for this analysis analysis must be clearly defined during this stage. All system component component manufacturmanufacturers ers shou should ld be made made awar aware e of this this deci decisi sion on on responsibility.
2 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
4.3 Applicable Applicable designs designs This This stan standa dard rd appl applie ies s to gear gear unit units s desig designe ned d gen genera erally lly in acco ccorda rdance nce wit with the follo ollowi wing ng standards: ANSI/AGMA 6010--E88, 6010--E88, Standard Standard for Spur Spur,, Helical, Helical, Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives. ANSI/AGMA 601 60111--G92, -G92, Specif Specifica icatio tion n for High High Speed Helical Gear Units. ANSI/AGMA 6017--E86 (R1994), Rating and Ap- plication of Single and Multiple Reduction, Double-- Double-- Enve Envelo lopi ping ng Worm Worm and and He Heli lica call Worm Worm Spee Speed d Reducers. ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6019--E89 (R1994), (R1994), Standar Standard d for Gearmo Gearmotor tors s Using Using Spur Spur, Helica Helical, l, Herrin Herringbo gbone, ne, Straight Bevel and Spiral Bevel Gears. ANSI/AGMA 6034--B94, 6034--B94, Practi Practice ce for Enclos Enclosed ed Cyli Cylind ndri rica call Worm Wormge gear ar Spee Speed d Redu Reduce cers rs and and Gearmotors.
5 Instrumen Instrumentatio tation n 5.1 Type Vibrat Vibration ion shall shall be mea measur sured ed with with any transd transduce ucerr and instrument that has a known accuracy and linear output out put propor proportio tional nal to accele accelerat ration ion,, veloci velocity ty,, or displa displacem cement ent across across a known known freque frequency ncy range. range. The type and use of vibration instrumentation systems should should confor conform m to the app applic licabl able e sectio sections ns of the standa standards rds listed listed in tab table le 1. An instru instrume ment nt capabl capable e of frequency analysis is necessary; its filter must be capable of differentiating between the various existing discrete frequencies. The instrument frequency range range shall shall be capabl capable e of me measu asurin ring g the lowest lowest shaft shaft rotational speed, and should be able to indicate at least three times the highest tooth mesh frequency.
CAUTION: The CAUTION: The instrumentation may indicate an erroneous vibration level due to its response limitations, transdu transducer cer mou mounti nting ng resonanc resonance, e, andelectricalor andelectricalor magnetic fields.
5.2 Transduc Transducers ers The type of transducer for vibration measurement must be suitable for the method of measurement, and and it mu must st be used used with within in its its calib calibra rate ted d limi limits ts.. Transducer calibration must be valid for the method of mounting used. 5.2.1 Housing transducers The The reco recomm mmen ende ded d type type of tran transd sduc ucer er for for the the measurement of housing vibration is a contact type, to be used in conformance with the manufacturer’s recom recommen mendat dation ions. s. The mountin mounting g me metho thod d may affect affe ct the frequency frequency response response of the transducer transducer.. The recom recommen mended ded mo mount unting ing is with with a screw screw,, stud, stud, clamp clamp or bonding bonding material. material. However, However, magnetic magnetic mounting mounting is acceptable acceptable up to approximately approximately 3000 Hz for light weight weight accele accelerom romete eters, rs, provid providing ing the mag magnet net is suitab suitable le for the accele accelerat ration ion level. level. Han Handhe dheld ld contac contactt measurements may be acceptable to about 500 Hz depending depending on the transducer transducer and the individual individual’s ’s ability to track the motion. 5.2.2 Shaft transdu transducers cers All transd transduce ucers rs are accept acceptabl able e provid provided ed tha thatt the manufa man ufactu cturer’ rer’s s limits limits are not exceed exceeded. ed. The recomrecommended type of transducer for the measurement of shaft vibration is a non--contact probe which measures sures the relati relative ve vibrat vibration ion bet betwee ween n theshaft andthe bearing housing. Depending upon instrumentation, instrumentation, a non--contacting probe may be used up to frequencies cies of 10 000 Hz. Typical ypical useof contac contactin ting g probesis probesis limite limited d to a freque frequency ncy range of 10--120 Hz and a surface rubbing velocity of less than 30.5 m/s.
Table 1 -- Applicable vibration instrumentation standards Number
Title
ANSI--S2.2
Methods Methods for the Calibratio Calibration n of Shock and Vibratio Vibration n Pickups Pickups
ANSI--S2.4
Methods Methods for for Specify Specifying ing the the Charact Characterist eristics ics of of Auxiliar Auxiliary y Analog Analog Equipment Equipment for Shock and Vibration Measurements
ANSI--S2.10
Method Method for for Analysis Analysis and and Present Presentation ation of Shock Shock and and Vibrati Vibration on Data Data
ANSIANSI--Z24 -Z24.2 .21 1
Method Met hod for Specif Specifyin ying g theCharacte theCharacteris ristic tics s of Pickup Pickups s for Shock Shock and Vibra Vibratio tion n Mea Measur sureme ements nts
ISO ISO 2954 2954
Mechan Mech anic ical al Vibra Vibrati tion on of Rota Rotati ting ng and Reci Recipr proc ocat atin ing g Ma Mach chin iner ery y -- Requ Requir irem emen ents ts for Instruments for Measuring Vibration Severity
3 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
5.3 Permissibl Permissible e error The mea measur suring ing instru instrumen mentat tation ion system system shall shall be capable of indicating vibration level within a permissible error of 10 percent of reading over the entire operating temperature and frequency range. 5.4 Calibration Calibration The vibration vibration readout readout instrumen instrumentati tation on should be checke checked d in accord accordanc ance e with with the man manufa ufactu cturer rers s recommendations. recommendations. If any adjustments adjustments are required, they the y shall shall be mad made e immedi immediate ately ly bef before ore,, and rechecked immediately after, each series of gear unit vibration measurements. These checks shall be augmented by more detailed calibratio calibrations ns of the complete complete measuring measuring instrumen instrumentatation system. system. These should should be carried carried out at least once every year. year. The instrument calibration calibration should be made in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations or applicable sections in the standards listed in table 1.
be atta attach ched ed to a rigi rigid d hous housin ing g sect sectio ion. n. Shaf Shaftt vibrat vibration ion shall shall be me measu asured red in a plane plane perpen perpendic dicula ularr to the rotational axis, preferably on two axes at right angles. angles. Preferabl Preferably y, the mechanica mechanicall and electrical electrical runout runout should should not exceed exceed 25 percen percentt of theallowable theallowable vibration displacement rating, or 6 mm whichever is the greate greaterr. Probe Probe locati location on should should not be at keyway keyway,, spline splines s or oth other er shaft shaft discon discontin tinuit uities ies.. Shaft Shaft mechan mechaniical and electrical runout at the probe locations (if known) known) ma may y be vector vectorial ially ly subtra subtracte cted d from from the vibration readings to arrive at the actual vibration levels, provided the vector and phase relationships are mainta maintaine ined d bet betwee ween n the runout runout and the vibrat vibration ion meas me asur urem emen ent. t. The The ma maxi ximu mum m me mech chan anic ical al and and elec electr tric ical al runo runout ut unde underr the the prob probe e that that can can be subtracted shall not exceed that of the shaft bearing journal runout or 25 mm total total indica indicator tor readin reading g (T.I (T.I.R .R.) .),, whic whiche heve verr is the the smal smalle lest st.. Axia Axiall shaf shaftt vibration may also be measured. 6.3 Units of measur measurement ement The preferable units of measurement are listed in table 2.
6 Vibration measurement measurement
6.4 Measureme Measurement nt data 6.1 Housing Housing measureme measurement nt Housing Housin g vibrat vibration ion shall shall be me measu asured red on a rigid rigid housing section such as a bearing block. Measurement me nts s shal shalll not not be take taken n on rela relati tive vely ly flex flexib ible le housing sections such as covers or sidewalls. See annex annex B for other considerat considerations. ions. Measurem Measurements ents shall be taken in three orthogonal directions, one axia axiall and and two two whic which h lie lie in a plan plane e perp perpen endi dicu cula larr to the the rotating axis of the gears, preferably horizontal and vertical. It is recommended recommended that measurements measurements be taken at each externally accessible bearing location on a gear unit. unit. If a bearing bearing block block is inaccessible inaccessible,, the nearest mounting point may be used. 6.2 Shaft measur measurement ement Shaf Shaftt vibra vibrati tion on prob probes es shal shalll be loca locate ted d as near near to the the bearing as possible and non--contact non--contact probes should
Major vibration levels at discrete frequencies shall be record recorded. ed. Fluctu Fluctuati ating ng ana analog log meter reading readings s shall shall be record recorded ed as a subjecti subjective ve average average.. The sample sample rate rate for digita digitall instru instrumen mentat tation ion shall shall be adequa ade quate te for the freque frequency ncy measure measured. d. Specif Specific ic operating, instrumentation, instrumentation, and gear unit data shall be recorded (see clause 9).
7 Test condit conditions ions
The vibrat vibration ion test test for a gea gearr unit unit should should be perfor performed med in the the ma manu nufa fact ctur urer’ er’s s shop shop unle unless ss othe otherw rwis ise e negotiated with the purchaser.
Table 2 -- Preferable units for vibration measurements Item
SI units
Acce Accele lera rati tion on
g--P (g’s (g’s peak peak)) (1 g = 9800 9800 milli millime mete ters rs per per seco second nd squa square red) d)
Veloc elocit ity y
mm/s mm /s (mil (milli lime mete ters rs per per seco second nd,, peak peak))
Displacement
m
Freque Frequency ncy
Hz (hertz (hertz)) (1 hertz hertz = 1 cycle cycle per second second))
m (micrometers, peak--to--peak)
4 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
7.1 Test system arrangement The test test transm transmiss ission ion system system (drive (driverr, gea gearr units, units, and load) should preferably be connected by means of the final intended components, components, if available. If this is not possib possible, le, the pulley pulley or half half of the service service coupli coupling ng of an equivalent mass and axial center of gravity should should be mounted mounted on the gear gear unit’s unit’s shafts. shafts. If nece necess ssar ary y, othe otherr me meth thod ods s of conn connec ecti ting ng the the components may be substituted. The various components of the test arrangement shall be rigidly mounted mounted and properly properly aligned, aligned, and in their normal normal operating operating attitude attitude,, unless unless othe otherwise rwise negotiated. 7.2 Test conditions conditions of the gear unit For the purposes of vibration measurement tests in acco accord rdan ance ce with with this this stan standa dard rd,, the the foll follow owin ing g conditions will apply: -- A gear gear unit unit inte intend nded ed for serv servic ice e at fixed fixed consta constant nt speed speed shall shall be tested tested at tha thatt design design speed unless othe otherwise rwise agreed upon betwe between en gear manufacturer and purchaser; -- The test test speeds speeds for for a gear unit unit intend intended ed for for service over a range of operating speeds shall span span tha thatt range range of ope operat rating ing speeds speeds,, unless unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser; -- Gear Gear units units may be operat operated ed with with or without without load at the gear manufacturer’s discretion unless specif specific ic test test loads, loads, agreed agreed upo upon n bet betwee ween n the gea gearr manuf ma nufact acture urerr and the purcha purchaser ser,, are stated stated in the purchase contract; -- The directio direction n of rotatio rotation n during during the test shall shall be the the same as as that intended intended in service, service, if known; known; -- Vibration Vibration measureme measurements nts shall shall be be made made after after the the gear gear unit unit is oper operat atin ing g with within in its its desig design n temperature range. In individual cases, especially where unusually high speeds or powers are involved, alternate operating condit condition ions s may be neg negoti otiat ated ed and suppor supporte ted d by calculations to indicate that the alternate conditions are equivalent to the specified conditions.
8 Acce Acceptabl ptable e levels levels 8.1 Vibration level The recommend recommended ed maximum maximum allowable allowable levels of housing vibration in terms of displacement, velocity,
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
and acceleration are given in figures 1 through 3. Each Each of the these se charac characte teris ristic tics s is plott plotted ed aga agains instt frequency frequency.. It is, therefore, therefore, important important to note only filter filtered ed mea measur surem ement ents s ma may y be used used in ent enteri ering ng these figures. Furthermore, several components of vibration vibration at different different frequencies frequencies may acceptably acceptably exist at the same time, each at the allowable limit for that frequency, frequency, as determined from the the curves. It is necessary to use equipment capable of frequency analysis analysis for this purpose. purpose. Care should should be taken to assure that this equipment can resolve the vibration into into indivi individua duall compon component ent freque frequenci ncies es so tha thatt a legitimat legitimate e comparison comparison can be made made with the figures. figures. At presen present, t, experi experienc ence e sugges suggests ts two classe classes s of vibration levels are adequate to cover most applications. tions. These classes classes are defined defined below below.. A separate separate curve for each of the two classes is shown in figures 1 through 3. 8.1.1 8.1 .1 Cla Class ss A Less than or equal to 25.4 m/s pitch line velocity. The recomme recommende nded d limits limits of Class Class A app apply ly to all applic app licati ations ons in this this speed speed range range except except those those specia speciall cases covered by contract negotiations. 8.1.2 Class B Greater than 25.4 m/s pitch line velocity. In addition to units with pitch line velocities in this range, slower units where Class B limits are desired could be included in this class if negotiated between manufacturer and purchaser. 8.2 Radial shaft displacement limits Axial shaft displacement limits are not specified in this this standa standard. rd. The displa displacem cement ent limits limits of figure figure 1 are intend intended ed for use in mea measur suring ing gea gearr unit unit bea bearin ring g housing housing vibration. vibration. The same limits limits can be used in conn connec ecti tion on with with radi radial al shaf shaftt mo moti tion on;; but but only only if mutual mut ually ly agreed agreed upo upon n by man manuf ufact acture urerr andpurchasandpurchaser. er. This This result results s in a mo more re string stringent ent specif specifica icatio tion n because shaft motion will usually be greater than corresponding housing vibration displacement. Shaft vibration measurements may become unreliable able at values values of less less than than 13 mm peak--to--peak because of mechanical and electrical eccentricities, out--of-of--roundn -roundness ess,, and errors errors.. In tho those se cases cases where it is desirable to measure vibration at lower levels, special considerations must be taken.
5 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Class A: A: for PLV PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s Class B: for PLV PLV > 25.4 m/s
500 250 m µ , t n e 100 m e c a 50 l p s i d k 25 a e p o t 10 k a e P 5
Class A Class B
2.5
20
30
40 50
100
200
300
400 500
1000
Frequency (Hz) Figure 1 -- Displacement limits
100 Class A: A: for PLV PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s Class B: for PLV PLV > 25.4 m/s
75 50
s 25 / m m , 15 y t i c o 10 l e v 7.5 k a e P 5.0
Class A Class B
2.5 1.5 10
20
30 40 50
100
200 300 400 500
1000
2000
500 0
10000
Frequency (Hz) Figure 2 -- Velocity limits
6 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
500
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Class A: A: for PLV PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s Class B: for PLV PLV > 25.4 m/s
100
Class A
2
s / m50 , n o i t a r e 20 l e c c a k 10 a e P
Class B
5
2
10 0
20 0
30 0
500
1000
2000 2000 3000 3000 4000
Frequency (Hz) Figure 3 -- Acceleration limits 8.3 Test system system limits limits Gear units may exhibit excessive vibrations which are caused by factor factors s beyond beyond the contr control ol of the the gear unit manufacturer, either during shop testing or in norm normal al servic service. e. Some Some of thes these e fact factor ors s ma may y be unsuitable unsuitable foun foundati dations ons and reactions reactions from driving and driven driven equipme equipment. nt. In such cases, cases, vibratio vibration n analysi ana lysis s must must be carrie carried d outon all compon component ents s of the syste system m in orde orderr to loca locate te the the sour source ce of the the vibr vibrat atio ions ns (see annex B).
9 Measurem Measurement ent report report The vibrat vibration ion me measu asurem rement ent report report shall, shall, whe when n agreed agreed upo upon n bet betwee ween n the man manufa ufactu cturer rer and the
purchaser purchaser,, include the following following items. Additional Additional items may be included, if necessary. -- type and definition of investigated (see clause 4);
the
gear
unit
-- test condition condition (see clause 7). Special Special atten atten-tion tion is to be draw drawn n to any any devi deviat atio ion n from from the the conditions specified in clause 7; -- descriptions of the test including arrang arrangeme ement nt of the gear unit unit and positi position on of measurement points; -- list list of the me measu asurin ring g instru instrumen mentat tation ion used, used, by make and type; --
test measurem measurement ent data.
7 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
This page is intentionally left blank.
8 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Annex A (informative) Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. ]
A.1 Purpose Purpose
v = dX/dt = --- ω X 0 sin ω t
This annex outlines outlines the relationship relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms.
where
A.2 Wavefor Waveform m relationship relationship
Differentiating a second time:
v
X = C sin sin ω t + D + D cos cos ω t
...(A.5)
where
...(A.1)
a
where
is acceleration.
See figure A.1.
t
is the time;
ω
is the circular frequency. frequency.
NOTE: As a functio function n of time, time, velocit velocity y and acceler accelerati ation on lead displacement by π /2 (= 90°) and π (= 180 180°), respectively.
The particular equation which best expresses the motion mot ion of an und undam amped ped simple simple harmon harmonic ic vibrat vibrationis: ionis: X = D cos ω t
A.3 Simple harmon harmonic ic motion motion The relati relations onship hip of force force (F ),mass( ) ,mass( m) and accele acceleraration (a) is expressed in Newton’s Second Law.
...(A.2)
where D
is velocity at time t .
a = dv/dt = --- ω 2 X 0 cos ω t
The gen genera erall solut solution ion of any period periodic ic sinuso sinusoida idall waveform can be defined as:
...(A.4)
...(A.6)
where
If X is is the displacement at any time then D = X 0 at t = = 0. Therefore rewriting equation A.2: X = X 0 cos ω t
F = ma
is initial displacement.
...(A.3)
Differentiating with respect to time:
Displacement
F
is the force;
m
is the mass;
a
is the acceleration.
Acceleration
Velocity
X 0 e d u t i l p m A
ωt π
2
90°
π
3π 2
2π
180°
270°
360°
Time period, t (1 full cycle) Figure A.1 — Waveform
9 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
If a spring spring in a spring--mass spring--mass system is stretched stretched a distance by the weight of the mass, the spring rate developed by the spring can be expressed as (K ) measured measured in N/mm (see figure figure A.2). If the spring-spring-mass mass systemis systemis furthe furtherr elonga elongated ted by a displa displacem cement ent,, then a force equation of equilibrium can be written as:
F + KX = 0 = 0
...(A.7)
Rewriting:
It is important to note that the relative amplitudes of displa displacem cement ent,, veloci velocity ty and accele accelerat ration ion are functi fun ctions ons of the freque frequency ncy of the vibrat vibration ion.. Example: The velocity and acceleration of a 25 mm net peak--topeak--to--peak -peak vibration vibration at 10 Hz, 100 Hz and 1000 Hz are shown in table A.1. A.5 Amplitude Amplitude relationship relationships s
F + K X 0 cos ω t = 0
...(A.8)
or
F = --K X 0 cos ω t
...(A.9)
Substi Substitut tuting ing equ equati ation on A.5 and A.9 in New Newton ton’s ’s Second Law: -- K X 0 cos ω t = --m ω 2 X 0 cos ω t K=
A.4 Relative amplitudes
m ω 2
A vibr vibrat atio ion, n, when when give given n by a simp simple le sinu sinuso soid idal al function, F (t ) = A sin ωt , has has the the am ampl plit itud ude e relationship as shown in figure A.3. T cycles T Hz Frequency = 1/ T cycles per second = 1/ T Hz
where
...(A.10) ...(A.11)
Therefore: ω = (K/m)1/2
...(A.12)
ω
is the circular frequency (= 2π / T rad/s); T rad/s);
A
is the peak amplitude;
2 A
is the peakpeak --to-to --peak -pea k amplitude; amplitude ;
A! "2 is the RMS amplitude.
+ A A
"2
S e u l M R a v
e d u t i l 0 p m A
e u l a v k a e P
T 2
X 0
e u l a v k a e p o t k a e P
-- A
m
Time period, T [1 Cycle] Time im e
Figure A.2 -- Spring Sp ring --mass -ma ss
Figure A.3 — Vibration amplitude relationships
Table Table A.1 A. 1 -- Amplitude relationships Frequency Hz 10 10 0 1000
Displacement (peak --to --peak) -pe ak) mm 25 25 25
Velocity mm/s 0.555 5.55 55.5
Velocity (peak) mm/s 0.785 7.85 78.5
Acceleration (peak) m/s2 0.049 4.93 493.0
10 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
500 200 100 50 20 10 5
100 70
2
50
0 0 0 0 1
25 s / m m , y t i c o l e v k a e P
15 10 7.0 5.0
2.5 1.5
5
0 1
0 2
0 0 0 3 4 5
Frequency, Frequency, Hz
0 0 1
0 0 2
0 0 3 0 0 4
100 0 0 5
50 20
0 0 0 1
10 5
0 0 0 2
2 0 0 0 5
Figure A.4 -- Vibration comparison nomograph
11 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
This page is intentionally left blank.
12 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Annex B (informative) System effects and responsibility [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. ]
B.1 Purpose Purpose Vibrat Vibration ions s me measu asured red on a gea gearr unit unit will will contai contain n components components,, not only from within the gear unit, but from other sources within the system in which it is running. running. The actual actual levels measured measured will depend depend upon how these other source vibrations are magnified, coupled and transmitted from their origin to the measuring measuring positions positions on the gear unit. unit. This annex annex lists some of the system factors which should be considered. B.2 Typical Typical system influence factors Listed below are examples of factors which should always be considered when assessing the levels of measured vibration:
B.2.4 Torsional characteristics of system --
internal internal combu combustion stion engine engine forcing forcing functions; functions;
--
hydraulic hydraulic motor motor forcing forcing functions; functions;
-- elec electr tric ic mo moto torr arma armatu ture re off off of ma magn gnet etic ic center; --
prime mover mover unbalance. unbalance.
B.2.2 Load characteristics -- load load changi changing ng with with speed speed,, such as as on fans fans and impellers; -- load load puls pulsat atio ions ns,, such such as with with prop propel elle lers rs,, reciprocating compressors and pumps; -- random load shocks, such as on ore crushers; --
acceleration--deceleration acceleration--deceleration effects.
B.2.3 Assembly considerations --
alignment alignment of system system components components;;
--
securing securing of component components; s;
-- balance balance of assemb assemblies, lies, sub--assemblies -assemblies and and parts.
--
shaf shafts ts;;
--
coupli couplings ngs;;
--
otherr components othe components..
--
inertia inertia of rotating rotating elements; elements;
--
system system dam dampin ping; g;
--
--
coupli couplings ngs;;
--
otherr components othe components..
natural natu ral frequencie frequencies. s.
B.2.5 Lateral characteristics of system --
B.2.1 Prime mover vibration sources --
torsional torsional stiffness stiffness;;
flexib flexibilit ility; y; --
stability stability of foun foundatio dations; ns;
--
method met hod of mounting; mounting;
--
flexibilit flexibility y of component components. s.
--
transmissi transmissibilit bility; y;
--
mass of component components; s;
--
resonant resonant response. response.
NOTE: Damped non--responsive non--responsive resonant frequencies can be discounted.
B.2.6 Speed effects --
direction direction of rotation; rotation;
--
speed speed of rotati rotation; on;
--
acceleratio acceleration n and decelerat deceleration. ion.
B.3 Responsibility Responsibility The factors listed in B.2 can affect the performance of a gear unit in service. Often these these factors factors will be beyond the control of the gear unit manufacturer. Ther Theref efor ore, e, the the ma manu nufa fact ctur urer er cann cannot ot be held held responsible for any resulting adverse effects. System effects should be analyzed during the initial desi design gn stag stage e of a tran transm smis issi sion on syst system em.. The The resp respon onsib sibil ilit ity y for for this this anal analysi ysis s mu must st be clea clearl rly y defined defined during during this stage. All system component component manu ma nufa fact ctur urer ers s shou should ld be ma made de awar aware e of this this decision on responsibility.
13 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
This page is intentionally left blank.
14 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Annex C (informative) ISO vibration rating curves [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. ]
C.1 Purpose Purpose
C.2.2 Overall Overall value value
This This ann annex ex shows shows the accept acceptanc ance e criter criteria ia from from ISO 8579--2, Acceptance Acceptance code for gears -- Part 2: Determinati Determination on of mechanical mechanical vibratio vibrations ns of gear gear units during acceptance testing.
If frequency spectrum data are not obtainable or not known, one or both of the following methods may be used to provide an indication of acceptability.
Acceptance can be established from either a single criteria criteria for the entire entire gear gear unit or separate separate criteria criteria for each each shaf shaftt or me meas asur urin ing g posi positi tion on.. Subj Subjec ecti tive ve vibration vibration ratings ratings for typical typical gear unit applicat applications ions are given in C.4. NOTE: The velocit velocity y amp amplit litude ude values values in this this ann annex ex are RMS, RMS, which which is differ different ent from from peak velocit velocity y values values used used in ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96.
C.2 Vibration Vibration amplitude amplitude Vibration Vibration characteri characteristics stics are plotted plotted against against frequenfrequency in figure figures s C.1 and C.2. It is importa important nt to note filtered measurements were used to draw up these figures. figures. Several component components s of vibration vibration at differen differentt frequencies may acceptably exist at the same time, each one at the allowable limit for that frequency as determined from from the curves. Equipment capable of freque frequency ncy ana analysi lysis s is requir required ed for this this purpos purpose. e. Care Care shou should ld be take taken n to ensu ensure re this this equi equipm pmen entt can can resolv resolve e the vibrat vibration ion into into indivi individua duall compon component ent freque frequenci ncies es so a legiti legitimat mate e compar compariso ison n can be ma made de with the figures. C.2.1 Frequency Frequency bandwidth bandwidth It must be borne in mind the bandwidth of various instruments such as a 1/3 octave or Fast Fourier Trans Transfor form m ana analyz lyzer er ma may y show show a higher higher or lower lower valu value e depe depend ndin ing g upon upon the the freq freque uenc ncy y of a give given n band band and the amount of random vibration.
-- The test test result result is accepta acceptable ble if the the nominal nominal value of the unfiltered housing velocity does not exceed the maximum of the velocity grade (see figure C.2). -- A nom nomina inall unf unfilt iltere ered d shaft shaft displa displacem cement ent value value is taken from figure C.1 using the shaft rotational speed as the discrete frequency of the grade. NOTE: The type of measurement and acceptance acceptance level level shouldthere shouldtherefor fore e be agreedbetwe agreedbetween en themanufacthemanufacturer and purchaser at an early stage of negotiation. The agreeme agreement nt shall shall state state either either overall overall value value or 1) frequency bandwidth acceptance.
C.3 Rating of measured measured shaft displaceme displacements nts Peak--toPeak--to--peak -peak values of shaft displacement may be rated rated using using figure figure C.1. The rating rating of a gea gearr shaft shaft shall be based on the lowest line enclosing all the measured filtered filtered shaft displacements. displacements. A particular gear unit shall be given the highest rating measured on all the shafts monitored.
C.4 Rating of measured measured housing housing vibration vibration RMS values of housing vibration velocity may be rated by comparison with figure C.2. The rating of a given given mea measur suring ing positi position on shall shall be based based on the lowest lowest line line fully fully enclos enclosing ing its comple complete te vibrat vibration ion spectrum. spectrum. A particular particular gear unit shall shall be given the highes highestt rating rating mea measur sured ed from from all the positi positions ons monitored.
1) Usinga Usinga value value from from figureC.2 figureC.2 foran overall(unf overall(unfilt iltere ered)veloci d)velocityaccept tyacceptance ance,, inplace offilteredmeasur offilteredmeasureme ements nts,, reduces reduces
the allowable vibration (increases the vibration rating of the gear unit), unless it is known that the vibration is predom predominan inantly tly due to one or two major major freque frequency ncy compone components nts.. How Howeve ever,care r,care should should be taken taken whe when n app applyi lying ng a value value from figure C.1 for an overall displacement displacement acceptance, acceptance, in place of filtered filtered measurements. measurements. Although Although a gear unit’s unit’s displa displaceme cementis ntis often often maximu maximum m atrotationalspeed atrotationalspeed(s),therecouldbe (s),therecouldbe a rotati rotationa onall harmoni harmonic c oranother oranother source source ata higher higher freque frequency ncy,, which which has a signifi significantampli cantamplitud tude. e. In this this case, case, using using an overall overall displa displaceme cement nt accepta acceptance nce in place place of filter filtered ed measurements, may increase the allowable vibration (reduce the vibration rating of the gear unit). Therefore, overall velocity velocity is preferred, if C.2.2 is used.
15 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
400 DR 200
m m ) k a e p o100 t k a e p ( , e d u t i l p m a t n e m e c a 10 l p s i D
5
DR 125 DR 80 DR 50 DR 31,5
1
10
Frequency, Frequency, Hz
100
1000
NOTE: The rating rating num number ber is equ equiva ivalen lentt to thedisplacem thedisplacement ent of the rating rating curve curve bet betwee ween n 0 Hz and 50 Hz. Above Above 50 Hz, the curves decrease by 10 dB per decade. Figure C.1 — Rating curves for shaft vibration
100
s / m m ) S M R ( , e10 d u t i l p m a y t i c o l e V
1 10
VR 20 VR 12,5 VR 8 VR 5 VR 3,15
100
1000
10 000
Frequency, Frequency, Hz NOTE: The rating number number is equivalent equivalent to the velocity velocity of the rating curve curve between between 50 Hz and 1590 Hz. The curves decrease from 50 Hz and 1590 Hz at 14 dB per decade. Figure C.2 — Rating curves for housing vibration
16 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Figure Figure C.3 gives gives the subjec subjectiv tive e levels levels of vibratio vibration n for typical types of gears enumerated in table C.1 .
C.5 Subjective Subjective ratings ratings A subjective assessmen assessmentt of the acceptable acceptable vibration vibration rating rating for typical typical applicatio applications ns during during acceptance acceptance testin testing g at the man manufa ufactu cturer’ rer’s s facilit facility y is shown shown in ISO 85798579 --2, annex D. This annex should only be used as a general guide for typical gear units. The vibration of a properly manufactured gear unit will vary according to the particular design, size and application. What may be perfectly acceptable for for a large low speed mill drive may not be suitable for a precision high speed or marine drive. What may be acceptable for a precision high speed drive may be unjustifiably expensive for a low speed mill drive. Care Care mu must st ther theref efor ore e be take taken n when when appl applyi ying ng a give given n grade as an acceptance criteria.
Displacement rating 200 DR
Table C.1 -- Typical Typical applications Service N H I M
Typical applications Navy, etc. High High spee speed d (ove (overr 3600 3600 rpm) rpm),, etc. etc. Indu Indust stri rial al,, me merc rcha hant nt navy navy,, etc. etc. Mill, etc.
Example: An indust industria riall or mercha merchant nt navy navy gea gearr drive drive designed to transmit 3700 kW, at a maximum shaft speed of 1500 rpm, could have a vibration rating chosen chosen as follows: follows: On figure figure C.3, C.3, the inter intersectio section n of 3700 370 0 kW (3,7 (3,7 MW) MW) and curve curve I is just just below below the DR 125--VR 125--VR 12,5 rating line. An economical economical gear drive could have the acceptance vibration rating set at DR 125 and/or and/or VR 12,5. 12,5. To be conser conservat vative ive,, acceptance acceptance levels levels would would better better be chosen chosen at DR 80, or VR 8, or both.
Velocity rating 20 VR
M 125 DR
12,5 VR
I 80 DR
8 VR
H 50 DR
5 VR
N 31,5 DR
3,15 VR 1 kW
10 kW
100 kW
1 MW
10 MW
100 MW
Power level
Figure C.3 -- Subjective vibration ratings
17 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
This page is intentionally left blank.
18 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Annex D (informative) Metric to non--metric non--metric conversion of vibration measurements measurements [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. ]
D.1 Purpose Purpose This This ann annex ex provid provides es inform informat ation ion to facili facilitat tate e the conversion of vibration measurements from metric (SI units) to non--metric (inch units). See table D.1.
In addition, figures are supplied with dual metric and non--metric -metric scales that define define the recommend recommended ed maximum maximum allowable allowable levels of housing housing vibration vibration in terms terms of displaceme displacement, nt, velocity velocity and acceleratio acceleration. n. See figures D.1 to D.3.
Table D.1 -- Conversion factors for vibration measurements Item Displacement Velocity Acceleration
(mm)
Metric units micrometers ( mm) millimeters/second (mm/s) meters/second2 (m/s 2)
mils
500
20
250 t n e m e 100 c a l p s i d 50 k a e 25 p o t k a e 10 P
10
Multiply by 0.0393701 0.0393701 3.2808400
Non -- metric units mils (0.001 inches) inch/second feet/second2
Class A: for PLV PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s) Class B: B: for PLV PLV ≥ 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
5.0
Class A
2.0
Class B 1.0 0.5
5
0.2
2.5
0.1
20
30
40 50
100
200
300
400 500
1000
Frequency (Hz) Figure D.1 -- Displacement limits
19 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
ANSI/AGMA 60 6000 -- B96
(mm/s)
y t i c o l e v k a e P
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
in/sec
100
4.0
75
3.0
50
2.0
25
1.0
Class A: for PLV PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s) Class B: B: for PLV PLV ≥ 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
15 0.5 10
0.4
7.5
0.3
5.0
0.2
2.5
0.1
1.5
Class A Class B
0.5
Frequency (Hz) Figure D.2 -- Velocity limits (m/s2)
g’s
500
50
Class A: for PLV PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s) Class B: B: for PLV PLV ≥ 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
20 100
10
n o 50 i t a r e l e c c a 20 k a e P 10
1.0
5
0.5
2
0.2
Class A
5
Class B
2
0.1
10 0
20 0
300
500
10 00
2000 2000
3000 000
4000
Frequency (Hz) Figure D.3 -- Acceleration limits
20 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD
ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Annex E (informative) Bibliography [The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units. ]
IEC 184:1965,
Methods Method s for specif specifyin ying g the charac character teristi istics cs of electr electrome omecha chanic nical al transd transduce ucers rs for shock shock and vibration measurements
ISO 1940--1:1986, Mechanical vibration --- Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors -- Part 1: 1 : Determination of permissible residual unbalance ISO 5348:1987,
Mechanical vibration and shock -- Mechanical mounting of accelerometers accelerometers
ISO 10816--1:1995, Mechanical Mechanical vibration vibration -- Evaluation Evaluation of machine machine vibration vibration by measuremen measurements ts on non--rotat non--rotating ing parts --- Part 1: General guidelines
21 Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 1500 KING STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314
Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.