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< CM\H[[NOON Oh ln`y}m{sh ”n‒ mulo}|frh m| }g lf{l}fsn oüjfln x}m ln`yh{h cn| kfs| ln`n chsn' L}hgcn on| kfs| |ng cfbm{mgsm| oh |hofch m| 8/ |f oh| mgs{hch| |ng oh| rh{fhkom| H v K oh ml}hlfüg cm }gh ln`y}m{sh ”n‒ mulo}|frn %MUN[& m|sè chch yn{ oh Ml}hlfüg ='8

MUN[ 0 %H ! –K& $% –H ! K& 0 –T %H ! K& $% –H ! –K& P 0 H  K' %= “ 8& Oh ln`y}m{sh MUN[ |m y}mcm lng|s{}f{ mg cfbm{mgsm| bn{`h| n lf{l}fsn|/ ym{n snch| mooh| |m ln`yn{shg n |m {mc}lmg oüjflh`mgsm h }gh cm oh| bn{`h| cm oh ml}hlfüg =-8' Oh b}glfüg MUN[ sfmgm hyoflhlfngm| f`yn{shgsm| mg h{fs`æsflh/ on| lf{l}fsn| MUN[ sfmgmg hyoflhlfngm| ln`n jmgm{hcn{m| cm yh{fchc/ ln`yh{hcn{m| v |}`hcn{m|/ msl' Yh{h sncn| on| FL mg m|sm muym{f`mgsn mo rnosham cm b}glfngh`fmgsn R LL 0 $=R v |m lngmlsh ho sm{`fgho 83' sfm{{h n gfrmo 9 |m lngmlsh ho sm{`fgho :' Cnl}`mgs8 Yèjfgh ; cm 86

<'8'LNG\S[]LLFNG CM OH LN@Y]M[SH ‟MULO]\FRN N‐ %MUN[&' %MUN[&'

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Cnl}`mgs8 Yèjfgh : cm 86

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Cnl}`mgs8 Yèjfgh 8< cm 86

3 [M\]OSHCN\ 3'8

H|}`fmgcn }gh oüjflh yn|fsfrh ln`yomsm oh| shkoh| cm rm{chc hln{cm lng on| chsn| nksmgfcn| mg lhch muym{f`mgsn n lf{l}fsn' On| gfrmom| oüjfln| h|à1 8  ;/= rnosfn' 9  9/= Rnosfn' [mln{ch`n| x}m oh shkoh ='8M ln{{m|yngcm h oh shkoh cm mam{lflfn =-F[ v h|à |}lm|frh`mgsm'

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U 9 Cnl}`mgs8 Yèjfgh 83 cm 86

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Cnl}`mgs8 Yèjfgh 8= cm 86

 4 on x}m |m nksfmgm mg oh| Oh muy{m|füg knnomhgh cm MUN[ m| U0  ̍    mgs{hch| cm oh ln`y}m{sh J< cm1  ̍         \fj}fmgcn mo m|x}m`h1 ̾ ̍0  ̍     ̾             ̍     0  [m|}oshgcn J<0 -U0 -U0   ̾ ̍   0  ̍          =';'

Mo lf{l}fsn cmo yh|n <';'8 bfj}{h ;' L}`yom }gh bü{`}oh mx}frhomgsm cm oh ml}hlfüg ='8 v jmgm{h oh b}glfüg MUN[1 cm`}m|s{h |} mx}frhomglfh yn{ `mcfn cmo smn{m`h cm Cm@n{jhg mg oh| |hofch| cm J8/ J; v cfk}am }g `hyh cm DH[GH]JE'      ̍      ̍          ̍              ̍           ̍         ̍      ̍        ̍  K9 H9 8

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Oh bn{`h `h| |f`yom yh{h cm`n|s{h{ mo b}glfngh`fmgsn cm }g lf{l}fsn cfjfsho m| `mcfhgsm |} shkoh cm oh rm{chc v |f |m nk|m{rh oh shkoh cm rm{chc cm m|sm lf{l}fsn lng oh jmgm{ho cm oh ln`y}m{sh MUN[/ m|sh| |ng fcægsflh|'      ̍             ̾     ̍        ̍           ̍            ̍    U0 U0   ̍      ̍  ='3'

M|l{fkh oh shkoh cm rm{chc yh{h mo `mcfn |}`hcn{ cmo yh|n <'= bfj}{h = v ln`yè{moh lng on| {m|}oshcn| cm oh| shkoh| ='='M v ='='['

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M|l{fkh oh shkoh cm rm{chc yh{h mo `mcfn |}k|s{hlsn{ |}k|s{hlsn{ cmo yh|n <'2/ bfj}{h ='2 v ln`yè{moh lng oh| shkoh| ='2M v ='2[

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='2'

Muyofx}m oh nym{hlfüg cmo lf{l}fsn ln`yh{hcn{ kfgh{fn yh|n <':/ |f m| gmlm|h{fn m|l{fkh oh shkoh cm rm{chc'

]g lf{l}fsn ln`yh{hcn{ {mhofqh }gh nym{hlfüg kh|shgsm |mglfooh vh x}m }sfofqhgcn }gh ln`y}m{sh cm sfyn UN[ {mhofqh }gh ln`yh{hlfüg mgs{m oh| `hjgfs}cm| cm on| kfs| cm mgs{hch/ onj{hgcn h|à }gh nym{hlfüg cngcm |m y}mcm rm{ |f h`kn| kfs| |ng fj}hom| n |ng cfbm{mgsm|' Cnl}`mgs8 Yèjfgh 85 cm 86

Shkoh mus{hàch cm1 essy1..}yonhc'zfdf`mcfh'n{j.zfdfymcfh.ln``ng|.h.hm.Shkohrm{chcln`yh{hcn{'ygj

=':'

Muyofx}m oh nym{hlfüg cmo jmgm{hcn{ cm yh{fchc yh|n <'5/ bfj}{h ='5

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¾Yh{h x}m |m }sfofqh }g jmgm{hcn{ cm yh{fchc> L}èo yh{fchc m| y{mbm{fkom/ yh{ n f`yh{'

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NOR, NAND, XOR, AOI

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