Non Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements

Non Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements

by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat First Online: July 17,200 !a"e #ast $pdated: November 0%,2007 &n pursuance o' (is struggle for justice or justice or )atya"ra(a,, *and(i accepted t+o tools or )atya"ra(a met(ods +(ic( +ere based on complete nonviolence. Non Cooperation +as passive +(ere civil disobedience +as disobedience +as active and almost revolutionary. /(e non co-operation movement aimed at brin"in" t(e "overnment to a stand still, by +it(dra+in" every support to administration. /(e civil disobedience movement +as planned to paralye t(e "overnment by mass support by undertain"

acts +(ic( t(e ritis( "overnment considered ille"al but +ere protests a"ainst e3ploitative and suppressive measures. /(e 4Non Cooperation Movement4 5a..a. 46sa(aar4 in 1820s included surrender o' titles, resi"nation 'rom nominated seats in local "overnment bodies, boycott o' "overnment educational institutions, la+ courts and 'orei"n "oods. )+ades(i also +as included later. /(e civil disobedience +as or"anied a"ainst repressive la+s. *and(i, supported by Con"ress (ad started t(e a"itation 'or reduction in land revenue, abolition o' salt ta3, cuttin" do+n military e3penditure and levyin" duty on 'orei"n clot( etc. ut t(e ritis( *overnment did not a"ree. /(ey t(ou"(t t(ese +ere  populist sc(emes to +in over di''erent sections o' t(e society.

9ence Civil Disobedience +as launc(ed in 180, +(ic( is no+n as )alt )atya"ra(a or Dandi Marc(. )alt la+ +as broen, *and(i +as arrested alon" +it( (is 'ollo+ers. &t stirred t(e +(ole nation. 6lmost all t(e coastal to+ns +itnessed breain" salt la+. Corbis;ettmann;
Massive Rally of Protestors 6 t+o mile lon" rally o' &ndians in ombay protestin" t(e arrest o' *and(i, 180

)ide by side, t(e Jun"le )atya"ra(a 5 breain" 'orest rules, cuttin" trees started, as also nota3 campai"n. /(e ta3 levied +as too (i"(, varyin" 'rom 22= to >0=. /(e ardoli )atya"ra(a started under t(e leaders(ip o' ?allab(ai !atel +(ic( +on (im t(e title o' 4)ardar4 or 4/(e *eneral4. /(e "overnment (ad to bo+ be'ore popular resistance.
violence. /(e 'iery tempered !at(ans e3(ibited suc( restraint and sel' con'idence t(at t(ey set an e3ample to t(e +(ole nation. /(e role o' +omen in all t(ese movements +as outstandin". /(ey +ere in t(e 'ore 'ront o' Civil disobedience. /(ey e3celled as speaers, marc(ers, piceters and tireless volunteers. Famous amon" t(em +ere Mani en !atel, Ba@umari 6mrit
!raas(an, ?.O. C(idambaram and a score o' ot(ers.