NEGATIVE PEER PRESSURE AND LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NURSING STUDENTS OF CALAMBA DOCTORS¶ COLLEGE
In Partial fulfillment Of the requirement in Nursing Research
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Dela Cruz, Alyssa Jean D. Mirano, Joana Marie G. Par, Divine Grace S. Orbiso, Tristam James Michael Tubillo, Ma. Teresa R.
Parian, Calamba City, Laguna March 2011
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM As career competition grows rapidly vicious in the working world, the importance of being able to do well in school provide one greater opportunity in ones chosen career in the future. Being a college student has many obstacles to overcome in order to achieve their optimal academic performance. It takes a lot more than just studying to achieve a successful college career. Different social factors may affect students academic performance, one of this is influence of peers. Peers as defined are the people whom do you identify and spend most of the time. In children and teens, they are usually, but not always, of the same group. In adults, peers may be determined less by age and more of by shared interests or profession. Peer pressure occurs when an individual experiences implied or expressed persuasion to adopt similar values, beliefs, and goals in order to participate actively as those in the peer group. Involving in a peer group may result either positively or negatively. Peer pressure by itself is ca either be positive or negative, for example, both high and low academic achievements are closely linked to peer influences. Several studies confirm research findings that value of the peer group with whom the students spends most time and a stronger factor in students level of academic success than the values, attitudes, and support provided by the family compared to others who started with the same grades, students whose families were not especially supportive, but who spent time with an academically oriented peer group go better grades. Those students whose families
stressed academics but who spent time with peers and whose orientation was not toward academic excellence performed less well. In study, after study, peer pressure is associated in adolescents of all ethnic and racial backgrounds with at risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking, truancy, drug use, social activity, fighting, and shop lifting and daredevil stunts. Again, peer group values and attitudes influence more strongly than do family values the level of teenagers¶ alcohol use. The more accepting peers are of risky behavior and the more they participate in that behavior, the more likely a person is to do the same thing. Regardless of parenting style, peer pressures also influence the degree to which children conform to expected gender roles. For example, up until about grade six girls¶ performance as well in science and math as boys but during adolescence girls test scores and level of expressed interest in there subject declines. The tendency is to abandon competition with boys favor or placing more emphasis on relation and on physical appearance. Physical appearance is extremely important to teenagers. Young people are all too well aware that the group may reject them simply because they work different or dress different. Jeff who wanted to have the ³perfect´ male body is no more immune to peer pressure than a girl who develops anorexia or other eating disorders in an effort to have the ³perfect´ female body. Peer pressure can either be expressed or implied. In expressed peer pressure a boy may be challenged by the group to ³prove your manhood´ by having sex or
performing a risky stunt such as riding roof. Girls may be told that if they want to be part of a group they must do something illegal such as shoplift. Studies show that both girls and boys are inclined to take risk that they do not want to take because they believe the risky behavior will increase their standing in the ego of their peers and assure their acceptance in the group. Implied peer pressure is more subtle and can be harder to combat. For example, a group of girls may make fun of the way another girl is dressed, pressuring members of their group to dress only in one acceptable style often young people who look, dress, act differently who have significant interests that differ from those of their age group become outcasts because of the pressure groups place on their members not to associate with anyone unlike themselves. This can lead the reject person to feel desperate and depressed. Peer groups have so much influence especially with adolescents, because no matters inappropriate it seems to adults, belonging to a group really does give something significant to the young person. Peer groups provide a place where an individual feels accepted, themselves, and where their self-esteem is enhanced. Some psychologists who point but that life become simpler when we conform to expectations. Young people with same problem and on the same situations as themselves and where they feel they will be understood and accepted. There is a very strong need to satisfy that thirst for unity and for acceptance the feeling of belonging is a very powerful force that can outweigh ties to church, school, family and community.
However,
peer pressure effect depends on the group you belong. There are
many risks, as mentioned above, especially when your friends results to negative peer pressure. With these vices from negative peer pressure, it deprives the concentration and motivation of an individual to excel in his academic performance in school. Peer pressure is very powerful because of everyday accompaniment with your friends; you will be able to cope and adopt their habits either bad or good, only to have the essence of ³belongingness´. Dependency to your peers gives a great impact of their influence, especially when your parents are away or out of town. Great supervision must be given in choosing who to be friends of.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study sought to examine the relationship between negative peer pressure and low academic performance of nursing students of Calamba Doctors¶ College. Specifically this study is seeking to answer the ff: 1. What is the socio-demographic characteristics of student-respondents in terms of: 1.1 Age, 1.2 Gender, and 1.3 Year level? 2. What is the level of significance of the negative peer pressure and academic performance of nursing students in terms of: 2.1. Truancy
2.2. Vices 2.2.1. Alcoholism 2.2.2. Techi-gadgets addiction 3. Is there a significant relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of the student-respondents and their level of academic performance? 4. Did the independent variables significantly influence students¶ academic performance?
HYPOTHESIS There is no significant relationship between the negative peer pressure and the academic performance of the nursing students.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION The study determines the negative peer pressure and academic performance of nursing students of Calamba Doctors¶ College. The scope of the study are the incoming nursing student of all year levels who will enroll in Calamba Doctors¶ College for the first semester of school year 2011-2012. The study will use the grade-point average (GPA) of all the subjects of the students in theoretical and clinical area and the utilization of the survey questionnaire on negative
peer pressure effect. The students were also requested to answer the a survey-type questionnaire on the possible measures on how to improve the level of academic performance of the students. The limitations of this research are only the students who will have a regular subject load for a given semester. The study will also be limited only on the participation of undergraduate nursing students. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study will determine the relationship of negative peer pressure and academic performance of nursing students of Calamba Doctors¶ College. The following sectors of the society will be benefited by the result of this study: Trustees, Administrators and Foundation of CDC. Anything that benefits the students and the teachers of this college eventually benefits the institution itself. Aside from enhancing the learning environment within the institution, the increased quality of its graduates would benefit the institution. The Faculty. The result of the study may objectively get into their awareness in catering the need of the students and exhaust all efforts for the betterment of the whole institution in meeting quality education for the young. College students of CDC. The result of the assessment on the level of academic performance of the college students will lead the academic department to enhance and give more focused instruction that would eventually benefit the students. The Researcher . The result of this study will help the Researchers identify the probable solutions to current problems to improve the acquisition of academic performance of students. Furthermore, this study will also help the researchers to be cognizant of the negative peer pressure effects.
The Future Researchers. In this light additional data will be opened to other studies and therefore shed a bit of concern on the problems usually encountered by the nursing students especially on the level of their academic performance in school.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK We are going to adopt two theoretical framework which are Bandura¶s Social Cognitive theory and Erikson¶s psychosocial development; identity vs. role confusion. Social Cognitive theory of Bandura There are general principles of Social Cognitive theory; First, People can learn by observing the behavior is of others and the outcomes of those behaviors. Second, Learning can occur without a change in behavior. Behaviorists say that learning has to be represented by a permanent change in behavior, in contrast social learning theorists say that because people can learn through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their performance. Learning may or may not result in a behavior change. Third, Cognition plays a role in learning. Over the last 30 years social learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in its interpretation of human learning. Awareness and expectations of future reinforcements or punishments can have a major effect on the behaviors that people exhibit. Fourth, Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a transition between behaviorist learning theories and cognitive learning theories. Self-efficacy is a model of motivation which focuses on the role of perceptions in social and cognitive development. This includes ideas of optimistic beliefs about one¶s own ability to handle variety of stressors. This determines how peoples think, feel, behave, and are motivated. Locus of control is understood as an important aspect of personality development. (Covington, 2000). Within this construct, control originates from either an internal or external position. Julian Rotter believed that in order to understand human behavior, both individual and the environment must be considered and examined. Erikson¶s psychosocial development Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescents, 12 to 19 years) This theory tries in integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete,worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure. As they make the transition from childhood to adulthood, adolescents ponder the roles they will play in the adult
world. Initially, they are apt to experience some role confusion- mixed ideas and feelings about the specific ways in which they will fit into society- and may experiment with a variety of behaviors and activities (e.g. tinkering with cars, babysitting for neighbors, affiliating with certain political or religious groups). Eventually, Erikson proposed, most adolescents achieve a sense of identity regarding who they are and where their lives are headed. The adolescent is newly concerned with how they appear to others. Ego identity is the accrued confidence that the inner sameness and continuity prepared in the past are matched by the sameness and continuity of one's meaning for others, as evidenced in the promise of a career.The inability to settle on a school or occupational identity is disturbing.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONCETUAL PARADIGM INPUT
Negative peer pressure Truancy Vices Alcoholism Techigadget addiction y
y
PROCESS
Administration of the adopted questionnaire to the respondents and conduct a survey on the possible measures to improve the academic performance of the nursing students.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
OUTPUT
1. Assessed level of academic performance of respondents in terms of their: GPA Result of questionnai re 2. Action plan to improve the academic performance of nursing students. y y
For understanding the study better, the terms used by the researcher were operationally defined as enumerated below. This is expected to enlighten and make this study comprehensible to the readers. DEFINITION OF TERMS. Alcoholism- this refers to the excessive use of alcohol that may deteriorate student¶s learning. Low Academic performance ± this refers to the decreased engagement of a student in classes that may result to low grades
Negative peer pressure- this refers to the bad consequences to academic performance due to accompaniment with peers. Peer- this refers to a group of people whom you identify and spend most of the time in school. Peer pressure- this refers to individual¶s experiences implied or expressed persuasion to adopt similar values, beliefs, and goals in order to participate actively as those in peer group. Techi-gadget addiction- this refers to the usage of technologies like PSP, laptop, cell phones, IPods, etc... during class hours. Truancy- this refers to the circumstances that student does not anymore attend classes.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter explains the research design used in the study, the respondents and location of the study, the instrumentation used in data gathering to include its validation, data gathering procedure, and the statistical treatment that applied to the hypothesis raised in this study. RESEARCH DESIGN This study will utilize descriptive research method. Descriptive method of research is intended to give more information about a particular characteristic within a particular field of study. The purpose of which was used to identify problems with current practice, justify current practice, make judgments, or identify what others in similar situations maybe responding or doing. A descriptive correlation design is a form of a descriptive research study that examines relationships among the variables. According to Burns & Grove (2007), this study facilitates the identification of many interrelationships in a situation without testing the cause-and-effect relationship. Vizcarra (2003) stated that the major purpose of the study is to compare two important variables and understand the relationship among each variable.
RESEARCH LOCALE The study will be conducted at Calamba Doctors¶ College, Parian, Calamba City. The school was established in 2002 through a vision of community service which aimed to cater the needs of students who were about to enter their tertiary education. Depicted as proudly positioned along with Calamba Doctors¶
Hospital,
the school is nearby the
national highway at Barangay Parian, Calamba City, thus made it very accessible and very convenient for students in terms of transportation. It was granted by the Commission on
Higher
Education through Government Recognition No. 094, Series of
2005, allowing it to offer Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
However,
upon the operation
of the institution it was not only the Calambeños who benefited but also the neighboring towns and far places.
INSTRUMENTATION An adopted survey-type questionnaire will be used in collecting data. The questionnaire maybe defined as a specific type of measuring tool whose general characteristics is that, it forces responses from the students and the responses are considered to be indicative of the students¶ skills, knowledge and attitudes. The academic performance of each year level will be measured through the grade-point average of all the subjects of the students as well as the results of the test
questionnaire. The questions were taken from various research studies. It will be pretested in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao for its refinement and evaluation of its sensibility.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE The researchers will ask permission from the dean of college of nursing of Calamba Doctors¶ College to allow the nursing students to answer the questionnaire. The answering of the questionnaire will be done in the respective classrooms of each year level along with it is a letter of consent that will be presented to the instructors to ask for 10-15mins of his/her class to answer the revised adopted questionnaire. Answered questionnaires then, will be gather, responses coded and will be subject to the appropriate statistical computation for reliability.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT In order to determine the level of significance of negative peer pressure and academic performance of nursing students of Calamba Doctors¶ College the following statistical tools will be utilize to analyze and interpret the data: 1. The researchers will use percentage and frequency of the demographic profile. Where, P% = Distribution F = frequency n = total frequency
2. The researchers will use weighted mean to know the overall average of the responses of the respondents. Where, WM = weighted mean TWF = total weight frequency N = total number of respondents
3. The researchers will use point scale to interpret the points gathered (WM) as to range interval and verbal interpretation. 4. The researchers will use pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. It is a correlational tool that measure the association of two or more quantitative variable. It is concerned with the relationship in the changes and movement of two variables. Where,
r = the relationship between variables x and y
= sum total of the product of the difference of the variables x and y
= product of the sum of the square of the square of the difference of the variables x and y
5. The researchers will use the Analysis of covariance (ANOVA) to determine if there is a significant difference that exists between the means when there are two or more groups. Where, SSt = Sum of the squares of the total
Sum of the squares of all scores Square of the grand total r
= number of rows
c
= number of columns
