Natural Law Theory

Naturallawtheory •

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Traditional Modern

TraditionalNaturalLawtheory •

Offersargumentsfortheexistenceofahigherlaw Fromdivinerevelationor o Itreflectsourmixedintuitionsaboutthemoralstatusoflaw o

Cicero •

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Truelawisrightreasoninagreementwithnature Universal,unchangingandeverlasting Whoeverisdisobedientisfleeingfromhimselfanddenyinghishumannature

 Aquinas •

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Divinesdifferentkindsoflaw:eternal,natural,divineandhumanlaw Genuinelaw/positivelawisderivedfromnaturallaw Sometimesnaturallawdictateswhatthepositivelawshouldbe o Sometimes,naturallawleavesroomforhumanchoicetocomeinto o play

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Logicaldeductionrefers

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Determinationofgeneralprinciples:senseofmakingspecificorconcrete

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Positivelaws:havethepowerofbindinginconscience

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Justlaws:consistentwiththerequirementsofnaturallaw Orderedtocommongood o Lawgiverhasnotexceededitsauthority o Equalapplicationtoallcitizen o

Finnis •

Basicgoods:Thereareanumberofdistinctbutequallyvaluableintrinsic goods Knowledge,play,aestheticexperience,sociability o Thedifferencebetweenrightandwrongcannotbedrawnatthelevel o ofbasicgoods

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Self-evident:cannotbederivedfromsomemorefoundational proposition

ModernNaturalLawtheory •

Properunderstandingoflawasasocialinstitutionorasocialpractice

Fuller •

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Rejectedlegalpositivism’sdistortedviewoflawasaonewayprojectionof authority:governmentgivesordersandcitizensobey Theymissedtheneedforcooperationandreciprocalobligations o betweenofficialsandcitizensforalegalsystemofwork  Law:formofguidingpeople;ameanstoanend; Lawcouldonlybelabeledalawifitguidesandcoordinateshuman o behavior

8requirements: •

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Lawshouldbegeneral Shouldbepromulgated,thatcitizensmightknowthestandardstow/cthey arebeingheld

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Retroactiverulemakingandapplicationshouldbeminimized

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Lawshouldbeunderstandable

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Notcontradictory

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Notrwuireconductbeyondtheabilitiesofthoseaffected

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Relativelyconstantthroughtime

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Congruencebet.Lawsasannouncedandtheiractualadministration

Dworkin •

Alongwithrules,legalsystemsalsocontainprinciples

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Thereisstillalegalpositivistlikesep.oflawandmoralityinthisviewoflaw

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Hardcasesmustbejudgedwithaintegrityanduseofmoralitytofindoutthe bestfittinglaw