Crude oil is most often produced as a water-in-oil emulsion containing large quantities of dissolved salts and suspended solids. Crude oil desalting is accomplished by mixing fresh water with the i...
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Advanced Electrostatic Technology for Heavy Oils May 2009
AGENDA •
Opportunity Crude Issues
•
Electrostatic Technology
•
Desalting Technology
•
Dual Frequency ® Dehydration
•
Experience with Heavy Crudes
AGENDA •
Opportunity Crude Issues
•
Electrostatic Technology
•
Desalting Technology
•
Dual Frequency ® Dehydration
•
Experience with Heavy Crudes
Heavy Crude Issues
Difficult-to-Treat Oils The Bad Actors… •
Electrical Conductivity
•
Interfacial Tension
•
Reverse Emulsions
•
Limited Differential Density
•
High Solids • • •
Asphaltenes Sands, Scale Crystalline Salts
Excessive Oil Conductivity 1800 1600 m1400 / S n 1200 , y t i 1000 v i t 800 c u d 600 n o 400 C
Typical High
200 0 50
100
150
200
Temperature, F
250
300
Interfacial Tension Platinum Ring Tensiometer •
At Ambient Temperature –
•
At Treating Temperature –
•
10
–
15 dynes/cm
With Demulsifier –
•
15 -25 dynes/cm
7
–
10 dynes/cm
In Electrostatic Field –
3
–
5 dynes/cm
Water-in-Oil Emulsion Typical
Reverse Emulsion 16 API SAGD DilBit
Crystalline Salt A Vexing Problem… Dissolved Salt
+
Na+ H O Cl 2
H2O
-
Salt Crystals Associated With Brine NaCl
+
Na+ NaCl
H2O
ClNaCl
H2O
-
H2O
-
Dry Salt Crystals
+
NaCl Electrical Forces
Water-in-Oil Emulsion with Salt Crystal
Crystalline Salt
Electrostatic Technology
Our Choices Include… •
AC – Conventional & Deep-Field
•
DC (Only with refined products)
•
Dual Polarity ® - Combination AC/DC
•
Modulated Dual Polarity ®
•
Electro-Dynamic Desalting ®
•
Dual Frequency ®
Net Drop Forces in Voltage Field Electrode
Viscous Drag
s t l o V
-
-
+
+
Dipolar Attraction
Electrophoretic Force Weight Dipole Voltage Field
Direction
Electrophoretic Force
Direction
Force
Alternating Current
Oscillates
0.4 weight
Reverses
Net is zero
Direct Current
Constant
0.4 weight
Constant
53 weight
AC/DC Electrostatic Field Dual Polarity ®
x u l F l i O
} Dual Polarity®
Bulk Water Removal
Desalting Technology
Electrostatic Desalter Single Stage Flow Diagram Oil Outlet
Electrostatic Desalter Feedstream
Mixing Valve
to HEX
Water To Disposal Dilution Water
Effluent Pump
Electrostatic Desalter Two Stage Flow Diagram Oil Outlet
