NAME
Frontalis
ORIGIN
INSERTION
ACTION
NERVE
gale galeaa apon aponeu euro roti tica ca
skin skin of eyeb eyebro rows ws and and root of nose
• raises the eyebrows • wrinkles the forehead horizontally
Facial
arch of frontal bone above nasal bone
skin skin of eyeb eyebro row w
• draw drawss eyeb eyebro rows ws media ediall lly y and inferiorly • wrinkles the forehead vertically (frowning)
Facial
tendinous band around optic foramen (near annular ring)
upper eyelid
• raises eyelids
Oculomotor
frontal and mazillary bones and ligaments around orbit
tissue of eyelid
• blinking • squinting • draws eyebrows inferiorly
Facial
1
1
Corrugator supercilii S N O I S S E R P X
2
E
Levator palpebrae superioris
E
3
E Y
Orbicularis oculi 4
NAME
Superior rectus
ORIGIN
annular ring
2 4
INSERTION
ACTION
NERVE
superior eyeball
• elevates the eye
Oculomotor 9
5 5
Inferior rectus
annular ring
inferior eyeball
• depresses the eye
Oculomotor 8
6
Medial rectus S R E V O
M L L A B E Y
annular ring
medial eyeball
• moves the eye medially
Oculomotor
7
Lateral rectus
6
annular ring
lateral eyeball
• moves the eye laterally
Abducens
annular ri ring
superior la lateral ey eyeball via trochlea
• depresses the eye & turns it laterally
Trochlear
10
8
E Superior oblique
9
7
9
5
Inferior oblique 10
medi medial al orb orbit it surf surfac acee
infe infero rola late tera rall eye eye surface
• elevates the eye & turns it Ocolomotor laterally
8
NAME
Levator labii superioris 11
Zygomaticus minor
ORIGIN
INSERTION
ACTION
NERVE
zygomatic bone & skin & muscle of upinfraorbital margin of per lip maxilla
• raises & furrows the upper lip
Facial
zygomatic bone
skin & muscle @ corner of mouth
• raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
Facial
zygomatic bone
skin & muscle @ corner of mouth
• raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
Facial
12
Zygomaticus major
11
13
Risorius
lateral facia assoc. with masseter muscle
skin @ angle of mouth
• draws corner of lip laterally • tense of lips • synergist of zygomaticus
Facial
molar region of maxilla and mandible
orbic ularis oris
• draws c orner of mouth laterally • compresses cheek (sucking) • holds food between teeth during chewing
Facial
body of mandible below incisors
skin & muscle @ angle of mouth (below insertion of zygomaticus)
• draws corner of mouth laterally & downward • antagonist of zygomaticus
Facial
body and mandible lateral to its midline
skin & muscle of lower lip
• draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)
Facial
arises directly from maxilla & mandible
encircles mouth; inserts into muscle & skin @ angles of mouth
• closes lips • purses and protrues lips • kissing & whistling
Facial
lower margin of mandible, and skin & muscle @ corner of mouth
• depresses mandible • pulls lower lip back & down
Facial
14
Buccinator S R E V O
15
M H T U O
M
Depressor anguli oris 16
Depressor labii inferioris
12 13 15 14
17
Orbicularis oris 18
Platysma 19
fascia of chest (over pectoral muscle & deltoid)
18 17 16 19
NAME
Masseter
ORIGIN
INSERTION
angle & ramus of mandible
• prime mover of jaw closure • elevates mandible
Trigeminal
temporal fossa
coronoid process of mandible
• closes jaw • elevates & retracts mandible • synergist of pterygoids • maintains position of mandible at rest
Trigeminal
•synergist of temporalis & masseter in elevation of the mandible • act with lateral pterygoid muscle to protrude mandible of to promote side-to-side movements (grinding)
Trigeminal
• protrudes mandible • provides forward sliding and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teeth
Trigeminal
21
S R E V O
M E L B I D N A
Medial pterygoid 22
M
NERVE
zygomatic arch and maxilla
20
Temporalis
ACTION
medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla & palatine bone
medial surface of mandible near its angle
21
20
23
Lateral pterygoid 23
NAME
Genioglossus 24
S R E V O
M E U G N O
Styloglossus
greater wing & lateral condyle of mandible pterygoid plate of and capsule of temsphenoid bone poromandibular joint
ORIGIN
INSERTION
ACTION
22
NERVE
internal surface of mandible near symphysis
inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone
• primarily protrudes tongue • can depress or act in concert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongue
Hypoglossal
styloid process of temporal bone
lateral inferior aspect of tongue
• retracts (& elevates) tongue
Hypoglossal
25 25
T
24
Hyoglossus 26
body & greater horn of hyoid bone
inferolateral tongue
• depresses tongue & draws Hypoglossal its sides downward
26
NAME
Digastric 27
Stylohyoid
ORIGIN
INSERTION
lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) & mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)
by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
• acting in concert, elevate hyoid bone & steady it during swallowing & speech • acting from behind, open mouth & depress mandible
styloid process of temporal bone
hyoid bone
• elevates & retracts hyoid Facial -> elongate floor of mouth during swallowing
28
ACTION
NERVE
Mandibular branch of trigeminal (anterior belly) Facial (posterior belly)
29 27
34 31
Mylohyoid
medial surface of mandible
hyoid bone & medial raphe
29
S E L C S U
M G N I W O L L A W
S
Geniohyoid
inner surface of mandible
hyoid bone & medial raphe
• pulls hyoid bone superiorly & anteriorly, shortening floor of mouth and widening pharynx for receiving food
First cervial spinal nerve via hypoglossal nerve
manubrium & medial end of clavicle
lower margin of hyoid • depresses larynx & hyoid bone bone if mandible is fixed • may also flex skull
Cervical spinal nerves 1-3
posterior surface of manubrium
thyroid cartilage
• pulls thyroid cartilage (plus larynx & hyoid) inferiorly
Cervical spinal nerves 1-3
superior surface of scapula
hyoid bone, lower border
• depresses & retracts hyoid bone
Cervical spinal nerves 1-3
30
Sternohyoid 31
Sternothyroid 32
Omohyoid
• elevates hyoid bone & Mandibular floor of mouth, enabling branch of tritongue to exert backward geminal & upward pressure for swallowing
32
33
33 28
Thyrohyoid 34
thyroid cartilage
hyoid bone
• depresses hyoid bone • elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed
First cervical nerve via hypoglossal
30 34
NAME
Sternocleidomastoid 35
Splenius (capitis) 36
ORIGIN
INSERTION
manubrium of stermastoid process of num & medial portion temporal bone & of clavicle superior nuchal line of occipital bone
ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of vertebrae C7-T6
mastoid process of temporal bone & occipital bone (capitis)
ACTION
NERVE
• prime mover of active head flexion (when act together) • rotates head toward opposite side (when act singularly
Accesory nerve
• extend or hyperextend head when act together • rotate and bend head laterally toward same side when act on one side
Cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
• extends head and move it to opposite side • synergist with sternocleidomastoid of opposite side
Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
35
36
S R E V O
M D A E
H E L O H
W Semispinalis capitis 37
transverse process of C7-T12
occipital bone (capitis)
37
NAME
Erector spinae Iliocostalis 38-A
Erector spinae Longissimus
ORIGIN
INSERTION
angle of ribs (luborum • extend vertebral column, & thoracis) maintain posture cervical vertebrae C6- • bend vertebral column to C4 (cervicis) same side when act on one side
transverse process of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
transverse process of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin; mastoid process for capitis
• thoracis & cervicis act to- Spinal nerves gether to extend vertebral (dorsal rami) column • act on one side, bend it laterally • capitis extends heads and turns the face toward same side
spines of upper lumbat & lower thoracic vertebrae
spines of upper thoracic & cervical vertebrae
• extends vertebral column
Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
iliac crest & lumbar fascia
transverse process of upper lumbar vertebrae & lower margin of 12th rib
• flexes vertebral column laterally when alone • when together extends lumbar spine & fixes 12th rib • maintains upright posture • assists in forced breathing
T12 & upper lumber spinal nerves (ventral rami)
S R E D N E T X
O S R O
T
NERVE
iliac crests (luborum) inferior 6 ribs (thoracis) ribs 3-6 (cervicis)
38-B
E
ACTION
Spinal nerves (dorsal rami)
38-C
38-B
Erector spinae Spinalis 38-C
Quadratus lumborum 39
38-A
39
NAME
External intercostals
ORIGIN
inferior border of rib above
INSERTION
superior border of rib below
40
ACTION
• elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration • synergist of diaphragm
NERVE
Intercostal
40
Internal intercostals S E L C S U
superior border of rib below
inferior border (costal groove) of rib above
41
• depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration • antagonist of external intercostals
Intercostal
M G N I H T A E R
41
B Diaphragm 42
inferior, internal central tendon surface of rib cage & sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs & lumbar vertebrae
• prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction
Phrenic
42
NAME
Rectus Abdominis
ORIGIN
External oblique
• flex & rotate lumbar region of vertebral column • fix & depress ribs • stabilize pelvis during walking • increase intra-abdominal pressure
Intercostals
outer surface of lower 8 ribs
linea alba via aponeurosis
• when together, synergist to rectus abdominis, flex vertebral column & compress abdominal wall • when alone, synergist to muscles of back, roate & lateral flexion of trunk
Intercostals
44
L A N I M O D B
Internal oblique 45
NERVE
xyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
M
A
ACTION
pubic crest & symphysis
43
S E L C S U
INSERTION
46
43
45 44
lumbar fascia, iliac crest, & inguinal ligament
linea alba, pubic crest, last 3 or 4 ribs, & costal margin
• same as external oblique
Intercostals
inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs, iliac crest
linea alba, pubic crest
• compresses abdominal contents
Intercostals
46
NAME
Levator ani S E L C S U
ORIGIN
44
INSERTION
• supports & maintains pelvic viscera • resists downward thrusts • forms sphincters at anorectal junction & vagina • lifts anal canal during defecation
S4 & inferior rectal
spine of ischium
sacrum & coccyx
• supports pelvic viscera • supports coccyx & pulls it forward
S4 & S5
47
P
Coccygeus 48
NERVE
inner surface of coccyx
R O O L C I V L E
ACTION
inside pevis from pubis to ischial spine
M F
46
43
45
Transverse abdominis
48 47
47 47
NAME
Pectoralis minor
ORIGIN
INSERTION
NERVE
anterior surface of ribs 3-5 (or 2-4)
coracoid process of scapula
• draws scapula forward & downward (ribs fixed) • draws rib cage superiorly (scaupla fixed)
Both pectoral nerves
costal cartilage of rib 1
groove on inferior surface of clavicle
• stablizes & depresses pectoral girdle
Nerve to subclavius
by series of muscle slips from ribs 1-9
anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
• agonist to protract & hold scapula against rib cage • rotates scapula (inferior angle laterally & upward) • abduct & raise arm & horizontal arm movements
Long thoracic nerve
occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 - T12
spine & acromion of • stablizes, raises, retracts scapula, lateral 3rd of & rotates scapula clavicle • adducts & retracts scapula (middle) • elevates scapula or synergist to head extension (suprior) • depresses scapula & shoulder (inferior)
Accesory nerve
medial border of scapula, superior to spine
• elevates & adducts scapula (synergist to trapezius) • tilts glenoid cavity down, flexes neck to same side (fixed scapula)
Cervical spinal nerves & dorsal scapular nerve
spinous processes of C7 & T1
medial border of scapula
spinous processes of T2-T5
medial border of scapula
• retract scapula (squarDorsal scapular ing shoulders), synergist nerve with middle fibers of Trapezius • rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistence) • stablize scapula
49
Subclavius
ACTION
50
50 49
Serratus anterior (boxer’s muscle) 51
Trapezius S R E V O
52
M R E D L U O H
S Levator scapulae
transverse processes of C1-C4
53
Rhomboid minor 54
Rhomboid major 55
51
53 52
54 55
NAME
Pectoralis major 56
Latissimus dorsi 57
Deltoid 58
S R E V O
M M R
A
Supraspinatus 59
Infraspinatus
ORIGIN
61
Teres minor
63
Coracobrachialis 64
NERVE
• agonist of arm flexion • rotates arm medially • adducts arm against resistance • pulls rib cage upward with scapula fixed
Lateral & medial pectoral nerves
via lumbodorsal floor of intertubercufascia into spines of lar groove of humerus T7-L5, lower 4 ribs & iliac crest
• agonist of arm extension • powerful arm adductor • medially rotates arm & shoulder • depresses scapula • pulls body upward & forward with arms fixed overhead
Thoracodorsal
lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
• agonist of arm abduction with all fi- Axillary nerve bers, antagonist of pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi • flexes & medially rotates humerus with anterior fibers, synergist of pectoralis major • extends & laterally rotates arms with posterior fibers
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
58
supraspinous fossa of superior part of scapula greater tubercle of humerus
• stabilizes shoulder joint • helps prevent downward dislocation of humerus
Suprascapular nerve
infraspinous fossa of scapula
greater tubercle of humerus, posterior to supraspinatus
• helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity • stabilizes the shoulder joint • rotates humerus laterally
Suprascapular nerve
subscapular fossa of scapula
lesser tubercle of humerus
• chief medial rotator of humerus, assisted by pectoralis major • helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stablizes shoulder
Subcapular nerve
same as infraspinatus
Axillary nerve
56
59
60 62 63
57
61
lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
greater tubercle of humerus, inferior to infraspinatus
posterior surface of scapula @ inferior angle
intertubercular groove • posteromedially extends, medially of humerus, tendon rotates, & adducts arm fused with tendon of • synergist of latissimus dorsi latissimus dorsi
Lower scapular nerve
coracoid process of scapula
medial surface of humerus shaft
Musculocutaneous nerve
62
Teres major
ACTION
sternal end of claviby a short tendon into cle, sternum, cartilage intertubercular groove of ribs 1-6, & apoof humerus neurosis of external oblique muscle
60
Subscapularis
INSERTION
64
• flexion & adduction of humerus • synergist of pectoralis major
NAME
Biceps brachii 65
Brachialis
ORIGIN
INSERTION
ACTION
NERVE
long head (65-1): tuber- by common tendon to cle above glenoid cav- radial tuberosity ity and lip of glenoid cavity of scapula short head: (65-2): coracoid process of scapula
• flexes elbor joint & supinates forearm (usually at the same time) • weak flexor of arm @ shoulder
Musculocutaneous nerve
front of distal humerus
• major forearm flexor, synergist with biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
66
coronoid process of ulna
68-1 68-2 68-3 65 66 67
Brachioradialis S R E V O
67
lateral supracondylar ridge @ distal end of humerus
base of styloid process of radius
• synergist in forearm flexion, best when forearm is partially flexed • stablizes the elbow during rapid flexion & extension
Radial nerve
M M R A E R O
F
Triceps brachii 68
Anconeus
lateral head (68-1): pos- by common tendon terior shaft of humerus into olacrenon prolong head (68-2) : cess of ulna infraglenoid tubercle of scapula medial head (68-3): posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove
• agonist of forearm extension Radial nerve (medial head) • antagonist of forearm flexors • stablizes shoulder joint & assist in arm adduction (long head tendon)
lateral epicondyle of humerus
• abducts ulna during forearm pronation • synergist of triceps brachii in elbow extension
Radial nerve
• pronates forearm • weak flexor of elbow
Median nerve
lateral aspect of olacranon process
69
S R O T A T O
R M R A E R O
F
Pronator teres 70
Supinator 71
medial epicondyle of hu- by common tendon merus, coronoid process into lateral radius, of ulna midshaft lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral & annular ligaments, supinator fossa & crest of ulna
68-1
68-2
69
lateral, anterior & • forcibly supinates forearm with posterior surfaces of biceps brachii proximal 1/3 of radius • weakly supinates forearm working along • antagonist of Pronator teres
65-1 65-2
Posterior interosseous nerve
66
70 71
