A PROJECT REPORT ON
Design and development of MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE submitted in the partial fulfillment of the award of Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Supervisor
Submitted By
University Roll no.
Ankit Talesra (Lect.)
Yogesh lohar Vikram kumawat Vaibhav tailor Lokesh menaria Sanjeev choubisa
11epame107 11epame100 11epame097 11epame034 11epame080
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY 2014-15
CERTIFICATE
We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. Project report entitled DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING and submitted to the PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Udaipur is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from January 2015 to April 2015 (8th Semester) under the supervision of Lect. ANKIT TALESRA
Mechanical Department.
The matter presented in this project report has not been submitted by us for the award of any other degree elsewhere.
SUPERVISOR
Prof. Ankur Kulshetra
Mr. Ankit Talesra
(H.O.D.)
(Lecturer)
Mechanical Engineering
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We feel great pleasure in presenting the report of our project “Multipurpose Mechanical Machine” which finds application in much modern equipment and system , this project is done in partial fulfilment of B.Tech(Bachelor of Technology) in Mechanical engineering at Pacific College of Engineering. We wish to express our sincere gratitude and thanks to our guide Mr. ANKIT TALESRA, During our whole project work for his inspiration given by him and guidance showered upon us. He was greatly helpful to us by solving all our queries and difficulties. We also want to thank our head of department of Mechanical Engineering and Mr. DHARMRAJ JI SIR (LATHE OPERATOR) without whom support and guidance this project wouldn’t be possible. We are extremely thankful to Dr. Prashant Sharma, Director, PCE, Udaipur for providing us infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been possible. Last but not the least we are thank full to all our lecturers who showered their help and guidance during the project work and also our friends who always ready to help.
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ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the design, development and fabrication of multipurpose mechanical machine which perform three operations at a time namely drilling, cutting and shaping. Today we see that these operations are the heart of any workshop/machine shop and they are indispensable, so for the time saving of any organisation three different operation on three different job can be performed simultaneously, however jigs and fixtures are required to attain this, but when our need is specified and particular then this machine can be a time saving equipment. This machine is automatic and controlled by electric motor and it is based on the scotch yoke mechanism. It can be used in small scale industries/workshop to work upon thin metallic sheets and on wood in carpentry shop.
TABLE OF CONTENT S.no .
CONTENT
Page no.
4
1
Chapter 1: project definition
8
1.1 Problem statement 1.2 Problem identification 2
Chapter 2: mechanism of multipurpose mechanical machine
9
2.1 Objective 2.2 Theory 2.3 Scotch yoke mechanism 3
Chapter 3: design of model
10-13
3.1 Components 3.2 Calculation 3.3 Advantage 4
Chapter 4: operation of machine
14-19
4.1 drilling 4.2 shaping 4.3 cutting 5
Chapter 5: project cost
20
6
Chapter 6: Future Implimentation
21
7
Chapter 7: Conclusion
22
8
Chapter 8: Reference
23
5
LIST OF TABLES
No. 1 2 3
Table name Specification of drill Specification of hacksaw Project cost
6
Page no. 15 18 19
LIST OF FIGURES
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Figure Name Skotch yoke mechanism 3D view of MPMM Actual view of MPMM Drilling machine Shaping machine Cutting machine
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Page no. 9 10 11 15 17 18
Chapter 1 : PROBLEM DEFINATION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT To design and development of MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE , a structure which is designed for the purpose of multi-operation i.e. DRILLING, CUTTING, SHAPING.
1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed and this machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This machine is based on scotch yoke mechanism. This model of multi operational machine is can be used in industries and domestic operation which can performed drilling, shaping and cutting of thin metal and wooden surface.
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Chapter 2: MECHANISM OF MACHINE 2.1 Objective Our machine will perform three operations at a time namely drilling, cutting, shaping. So our main aim is to find or use a mechanism that can fullfil our demand.
2.2 Theory Requirement of our machine is conversion of rotary motion to reciprocating motion. Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or back-andforth linear motion it is found in a wide range of mechanism including reciprocating engine and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprises a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes. We are using scotch yoke mechanism in our machine to provide reciprocating motion to hacksaw and shaper and bevel gear arrangement for drilling operation. Although not a common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use scotch yokes, almost all those uses a withworth linkage, which gives a slow speed forward cutting speed and faster return.
2.3 Skotch yoke mechanism The scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism) is a reciprocating motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion, or vice versa. As the wheel in blue color moves, the slider in the crank moves and impart reciprocating motion to the arms connected to it.
Figure 1 : Skotch yoke mechanism
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CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF MODEL 3.1 COMPONENTS OF MACHINE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
FRAME BEVEL GEAR SKOTCH YOKE MECHANISM MOTOR PULLEY BEARING(Ball Bearing) HACKSAW BLADE TOOL POST DRILLING CHUCK DRILL TOOL SINGLE CUTTING TOOL TABLE NUT AND BOLT OTHER COMPONENT
Fig-2 : 3D view of MPMM
10
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Fig.3: Actual view of MPMM 3.2 CALCULATION 1. CUTTING/SHAPING SPEED Speed of Motor- 1440 rpm Diameter of pulley A: 25 mm Diameter of pulley B: 180 mm We have to find out bull wheel speed (Ns) We know that NS/Nm = Da/Db ⇒ ⇒ ⇒
Ns= Da/Db * Nm NS = 25/180 *1440 Bull wheel speed = 200
1 stroke of Ram is completed in 1 revolution of crank wheel K=1 Velocity of Sawing/Shaping machine Velocity (v) = (L*N*(1+k)/1000) m/min Length of Ram stroke(L) = 50mm No. Of full stroke(N) = 200 stroke/min Ratio of return time to cutting time Hence V = (L*N*(1+k)/1000) m/min V = (50*200*(1+1)/1000) m/min V=20 m/min Therefore velocity of ram cutting speed is 20 m/min 2. DRILLING SPEED Speed of pinion(NP) = 200
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No. Of teeth on pinion (TP) = 13 No. Of teeth on gear (TG) = 9 We have to find out speed of gear (Ng) We know that, NG/NP = TP/TG NG = TP/TG * NP NG = 13/9 * 240 ⇒ 139 rev./min Therefore Drilling speed is 139 rev./min Length of belt - Π/2(d1+d2)+ 2x + (d1-d2)2/4x x=22 inch Length of belt = 57 inch Group of belt and pulley - B group
3.3 ADVANTAGE
Multi operation can be performed at one time. The return stroke is utilized for cutting. All operation is performed by only one motor. Size is compact and require less space. Time saving Less man power is required. Low manufacturing and maintenance cost.
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CHAPTER 4: OPERATION OF MACHINE Operation performed by machine :1. DRILLING 2. SHAPING 3. CUTTING
4.1 DRILLING Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the workpiece by using a rotating cutter called DRILL. The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine. The drilling operation can also be accomplished on lathe,in which the drill is held in tailstock and work is held by the chuck. The most common drill used is the twist drill. DRILLING MACHINE It is the simplest and the accurate machine used in production shop. The workpiece is held stationary i.e. clamped in position and the drill rotates to make a hole.
Components of drilling machine 1. Spindle The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a sleeve. 2. Sleeve The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a cutting tool is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work; and from the work. Feed pressure applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving drill to cut its way into the work a fraction of an mm per revolution. 3. Column The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly. 4. Head The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, an electric motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column. 5. Worktable The worktable is supported to an arm mounted to the column. The worktable can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it can be swung completely out of the way. It may be tilted upto 90 degrees in either direction, to allow long pieces to be end or angle drilled.
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6. Base The base of drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted to the floor, provides for vibration free operation and best machining accuracy. The top of the base is equipped with similar to the worktable and may equipped with t-slot for mounting work too larger for the table.
Figure 4: Bench drilling machine
Types of drilling machine according to feed Hand feed
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The hand-feed drilling machine are the simplest and the most common type of drilling machines in use today. These are the light duty machine that are operated by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to feel the action of the cutting tool as it cuts through the workpiece. These drilling machine can be bench or floor mounted.
Power feed The power feed drill machine are usually larger and heavier than the hand feed drills. They are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool into the work automatically duty work or the work that uses large drills that require power feed larger, work piece is usually clamped directly to the table or base using t-bolts and clamps by a small work places are held in a vice. A depth-stop mechanism is located on the head, near the spindle, to aid in drilling to a precise depth.
Specification Drill size in mm 3.2 and less 3.2 to 6.4 6.4 to 12.7 12.7 to 25.4 25.4 and large
Feed in mm/rev. 0.025-0.050 0.050-0.10 0.10-0.18 0.18-0.38 0.38-0.64
4.2 SHAPING The shaping machine is used to flat metal surfaces specially where a large amount of metal has to be removed. other machines such as milling machine are much more expensive and are much more suited for removing smaller amount of metal more accurately. The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping machine can be seen in the diagram. As the disc rotates the top of the machine moves forward and backwards pushing a cutting tool. The cutting tool removes the metal from work which is carefully bolted down. The shaping machine is a simple yet extremely effective machine. It is used to remove material, usually metals such as aluminium or steel, to produce a flat surface. However it can also be used to manufacture gears such rack and pinion gears and other complex shapes. Inside its shell/casing is ca crank and slider mechanism that pushes the cutting tool forward and return it to its original position. This motion is continuous.
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Fig. 5 shaping machine
4.3 CUTTING A hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used for cutting material such as metal or plastics. Hand held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a handle, using a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable. A screw or other mechanism
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Fig. 6 Cutting machine (hacksaw)
is used to put thin blade under tension. The blade can be mounted with the teeth facing either towards or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action either on the push or pull stroke. On the push stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade. Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 to 12 inches for a standard hand hacksaw. “Junior ” hacksaws are half this size. Powered hacksaws may used larger blades in range of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand blades.
Specification of hacksaw Size of hacksaw blades:Thickness: 1.27-2.54 mm Width: 25.40-50.80 mm Length: 304.80-609.60 mm
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Work piece material Mild steel Cast iron Brass/Aluminium Bronze Thin section(pipes and tubes)
Cutting speed in m/s 0.75 0.50 1.5 1.25 1.5
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CHAPTER 5: COSTING OF PROJECT S.no.
Particulars
Total quantity Cost rs/unit
Total cost
1
Motor 1440 rpm
1
2000
2000
2
Pillow block bearing
2
200
400
3
Gear and pinion
1
250
250
4
Bearing two bolt flange
1
100
100
5
Circular plate 250 mm 1 dia Screw nut assembly 4
110
110
20
80
36
432
8
Iron angle thickness 12 kg 3mm Shaft 20 mm 4 kg
40
160
9
Pulley (180mm)
1
240
240
10
Pulley (25mm)
1
50
50
11
Belt
1
100
100
12
Drill chuck
1
150
150
13
Drill tool(2.5)
1
50
50
14
Hacksaw tool
1
50
50
15
Shaping tool
1
50
50
16
Welding works
-
1200
1200
17
Paint
2
50
100
18
Lubricant
1
100
100
19
Cable
1
30
30
20
Transportation miscellaneous
600
600
6 7
and -
TOTAL
6225
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CHAPTER 6: FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION We can perform various operations like cutting drilling and shaping individually by introducing coupling (engagement and disengagement) between them. We can perform grinding operation by introducing a grinding tool at the ain shaft. We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing drilling tool. We can change the motor speed by regulator.
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CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION After completing the major project on “MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE” we are much happy and would like to thank our professor , guide and the lecturers of the concerned department who have guided us. While making this project we have been able to learn a lot and understand the various aspect of “multipurpose mechanical machine” we can use our knowledge , which we get during our study .
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REFERENCES The websites
www.technologystudent.com www.terry-eng27.blogspot.in www.en.wikipidea.org www.ask.reference.com www.dictionary.reference www.community.machinedesign.com www.sciencedirect.com
THE HELPFUL BOOKS 23
Workshop technology (hazra choudhary) Theory of Machines (R. S. KHURMI) Machine design Production technology
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