MRCP revision: commonly tested facts Study online at quizlet.com/_7zwdo 1. 2.
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1mg prednisolone = ? hydrocortisone:4mg hydrocortisone
25.
Absence seizures prognosis:good: 90-95% become seizure free in adolescence Absolute risk reduction =:= (Control event rate) (Experimental event rate)
26.
Acne rosacea treatment: -:mild/moderate: topical metronidazole - severe/resistant: oral tetracycline
27.
Acromegaly diagnosis?:oral glucose tolerance with growth hormone measurements
28.
Actions of BNP:- vasodilator - diuretic and natriuretic suppresses both sympathetic tone and the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system
29. 30.
Activated protein C resistance =:Factor V Leiden, the most common inherited thrombophilia Acute myeloid leukaemia - good prognosis:(15;17)
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Acute myeloid leukaemia - poor prognosis:deletion of chromosome 5 or 7
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Acute promyelocytic leukaemia translocation:- t(15;17) Addison's disease:short synacthen test is the best test to diagnose
33.
Adenosine interactions:dipyridamole enhances effect aminophylline reduces effect
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ADPKD type 1 chromosome:chromosome 16 = 85% of cases
35.
Adrenal cortex - what part releases what?:Mnemonic GFR ACD 1) Glomerulosa (outer): Aldosterone 2) Fasciculata (middle): Cortisol 3) Reticularis (on inside): DHEA and androgens
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Adrenaline induced ischaemia treatment:- phentolamine Adult Life Support (ALS) adrenaline doses -:anaphylaxis: 0.5ml 1:1,000 IM - cardiac arrest: 10ml 1:10,000 IV or 1ml of 1:1000 IV
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AF treatment: young man, no TIA or risk factors,:no treatment is now preferred to aspirin
39.
Alcohol withdrawal time to symptoms/signs:symptoms: 612 hours - seizures: 36 hours - delirium tremens: 72 hours
40.
Allopurinol MoA:inhibits xanthine oxidase
41.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency inheritance:autosomal recessive / co-dominant
42.
Alport's syndrome inheritance:X-linked dominant (in the majority)
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22.
Amiodarone MoA:Blocks potassium channels
44.
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Animal bite treatment:co-amoxiclav
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Ankylosing spondylitis: CFs:Features - the 'A's • Apical fibrosis (CXR) • Anterior uveitis • Aortic regurgitation • Achilles tendonitis • AV node block • Amyloidosis • And cauda equina syndrome
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Anorexia features -:most things low - G's and C's raised: growth hormone, glucose, salivary glands, cortisol, cholesterol, carotinaemia Antiphospholipid syndrome: APPT, PLTs:Paradoxically prolonged APTT + low platelets Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy treatment:aspirin + LMWH Antiphospholipid syndrome: key triad of features:arterial/venous thrombosis, miscarriage, livedo reticularis Antipsychotics in the elderly -> risk of?:stroke and VTE Antithrombotic therapy in bioprosthetic vs mechanical heart valves:- bioprosthetic: aspirin - mechanical: warfarin + aspirin Aortic dissection - Type A:type A - ascending aorta - control BP(IV labetalol) + surgery Aortic dissection - Type B:type B - descending aorta - control BP(IV labetalol), no surgery Aortic stenosis management::AVR if symptomatic, otherwise cut-off is gradient of 50 mmHg Aortic stenosis - most common cause <65 yrs::bicuspid aortic valve Aortic stenosis - most common cause >65 yrs::calcification Associations between hypermetropia/myopia and glaucoma?:Acute angle closure glaucoma is associated with hypermetropia, where as primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with myopia Associations in mesangiocapillary / membranoproliferative GN. Type 1 vs Type 2:type 1: cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C type 2: partial lipodystrophy Asthma diagnosis - first line investigation in high probability?:Start treatment Asthma diagnosis - first line investigation in intermediate probability?:Spirometry Asymmetrical symptoms in PD suggest what cause?:Idiopathic Parkinson's ATN or prerenal uraemia?:In prerenal uraemia think of the kidneys holding on to sodium to preserve volume Atrial fibrillation - cardioversion rx::amiodarone + flecainide Atrial fibrillation: rate control rx -:beta blockers (preferable to digoxin) Atrial natriuretic peptide - effect on vessels?:Atrial natriuretic peptide - powerful vasodilator Autosomal dominant conditions tend to be ?? - with what exceptions?:Structural. Exceptions = hyperlipidaemia type II, hypokalaemic periodic paralysis Autosomal recessive conditions tend to be ?? with what exceptions?:Metabolic. Exception = inherited ataxias Bartter's syndrome ?:AR inherited cause of hypokalaemia associated with normotension
48.
Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of which neurotransmitter?:GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter
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Beta-blocker overdose management::atropine + glucagon
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Bisphosphonates MoA:inhibit osteoclasts
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Bosentan - MoA, uses?:endothelin-1 receptor antagonist used if negative response to acute vasodilator testing in pulmonary hypertension Bronchiectasis: most common organism?:Haemophilus influenzae
81.
BTS COPD: breathless despite PRN inhalers, and FEV1 < 50%:LABA + ICS or LAMA
82.
BTS COPD: breathless despite PRN inhalers, and FEV1 > 50%::LABA or LAMA Bullous pemphigoid key features?:Subepidermal, hemidesmosomal BP antigens, rarely involves mucosa, tense pruritic blisters, older people
84.
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Burning thigh pain - ?nerve compression:? meralgia paraesthetica - lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh compression
86.
Calculating breakthrough morphine dose?:1/6th of daily morphine dose
87.
Causes of gingival hyperplasia?:phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers and AML Causes of raised prolactin?:pregnancy - prolactinoma physiological - polycystic ovarian syndrome - primary hypothyroidism - phenothiazines, metoclopramide, domperidone Causes of raised transfer factor?:asthma, haemorrhage, leftto-right shunts, polycythaemia Cerebellar signs, contralateral sensory loss & ipsilateral Horner's =:Lateral medullary syndrome - PICA lesion Cetuximab - MoA?:monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor Change to steroid dose in people on long term tx if intercurrent illness?:Double doses Chemo agent associated with hypomagnesaemia?:Cisplatin Chickenpox exposure in pregnancy - first step?:check antibodies Chlamydia - treatment:treat with azithromycin or doxycycline Choosing prosthetic heart valves:mechanical valves last longer and tend to be given to younger patients Ciclosporin + tacrolimus - MOA::inhibit calcineurin thus decreasing IL-2 Ciclosporin side-effects:everything is increased - fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose CLL - investigation of choice?:immunophenotyping
72.
CLL - treatment?:chlorambucil
73.
Clopidogrel MoA::inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptors
75.
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Burkitt's lymphoma - gene translocation?:c-myc
71.
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Clotting factors affected by warfarin?:Mnemonic = 1972 (Simon) - 10, 9, 7 and 2. Cluster headache - acute treatment:subcutaneous sumatriptan + 100% O2
88.
Collapse + ARF =:--> rhabdomyolysis - treat with IV fluids Collapsing pulse - which congenital heart defect?:Patent ductus arteriosus Colorectal cancer screening - PPV of FOB:= 5 - 15% Combined B- and T-cell disorders:SCID WAS ataxic (SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxic telangiectasia) Common antibiotic causes of cholestasis:Flucloxacillin + coamoxiclav Common cause of tumour lysis syndrome?:Burkitt's lymphoma Common topical steroids and their potency?:moderate: Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% - potent: Betamethasone valerate 0.1% - very potent: Clobetasol propionate 0.05% Complete heart block following a MI?:- right coronary artery lesion Complete heart block following an ANterior MI - ?pacing:is AN indication for pacing, unlike with an inferior MI Complete heart block following an INferior MI - ?pacing:Is Not an indication for pacing, unlike with an anterior MI Congenital heart disease - acyanotic - most common cause::acyanotic: VSD most common cause Congenital heart disease - cyanotic - most common cause::TGA most common at birth, Fallot's most common overall Contraindications to lung cancer surgery:SVC obstruction, FEV < 1.5, MALIGNANT pleural effusion, and vocal cord paralysis
89.
COPD - when to start LTOT?:2 measurements of pO2 < 7.3 kPa
90.
Cryptosporidium diarrhoea Rx:Supportive therapy
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CT head showing temporal lobe changes - think what?:herpes simplex encephalitis CT most commonly associated with PBC:Sjogren's syndrome Cushing's syndrome - best test to diagnose?:overnight dexamethasone suppression test Cyclophosphamide SE::haemorrhagic cystitis - prevent with mesna Dermatophyte nail infections Rx:- use oral terbinafine Detecting occupational asthma?:Serial peak flow measurements at work and at home Diabetes diagnosis::fasting > 7.0, random > 11.1 - if asymptomatic need two readings HbA1c of 6.5% or greater is now diagnostic (WHO 2011)
98.
Diagnosing insulinoma?:supervised prolonged fasting
99.
Diagnosing systemic mastocytosis?:Urinary histamine DiGeorge syndrome = affects what type of cell?:- a T-cell disorder
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Digoxin - MoA:inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPase pump
102.
Dipyridamole - MoA:inhibits phosphodiesterase
Disproportionate microcytic anaemia - think?:think betathalassaemia trait
103.
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Diuretic cause of hypercalcaemia?:Thiazides
Drug metabolism - phase I components?:oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
105.
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Drug metabolism - phase II components?:conjugation
Drugs with zero-order (saturation) kinetics -:phenytoin alcohol
107.
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Genital ulcers - painless::syphilis > lymphogranuloma venereum + granuloma inguinale
136.
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DVLA advice following angioplasty -:cannot drive for 1 week
137.
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DVLA advice post CVA::cannot drive for 1 month
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DVLA advice post MI -:cannot drive for 4 weeks
111.
DVLA advice post multiple TIAs::cannot drive for 3 months
112.
DVLA restriction post-seizure:6 months
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with which malignancy?:thyroid lymphoma
139.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis key features?:hypothyroidism + goitre + anti-TPO
140.
Dystrophia myotonica - DM1 CFs:DM1 - distal weakness initially - autosomal dominant - diabetes - dysarthria
141.
EBV: associated malignancies?:Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
142.
EBV-associated malignancies:Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma HIV-associated central nervous system lymphomas Hairy leukoplakia (non malignant).
143.
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Eclampsia - first-line treatment:magnesium sulphate
HbA1C - when to recheck after change in therapy?:recheck after 2-3 months Head injury followed by lucid interval?:Epidural haematoma Hemiballism (involuntary, sudden, jerking movements) = caused by?:damage to the subthalamic nucleus Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia inheritance:autosomal dominant
144.
HOCM - poor prognostic factor on echo =:septal wall thickness of > 3cm
145.
Hodgkin's lymphoma - best prognosis =:lymphocyte predominant
Epilepsy medication: first-line - generalised seizure::sodium valproate -
146.
Epilepsy medication: first-line - partial seizure::carbamazepine
147.
Episodic eye pain, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness occurring daily - ?diagnosis:cluster headache
148.
Erythema nodosum is associated with a good prognosis in what systemic condition?:sarcoidosis
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ESR in polycythaemia rubra vera:low
Essential tremor: inheritance, aggravants / relievants:Inheritance: AD Aggravants: Arms outstretched Relievants: Alcohol, propanolol
123.
Ethylene glycol toxicity management -:fomepizole. Also ethanol / haemodialysis
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Exenatide MoA:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic
Factor V Leiden mutation results in?:activated protein C resistance
126.
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Farmers lung pathogen:Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula
Finasteride MoA:5 alpha-reductase inhibitor - inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
128.
Hodgkin's lymphoma - most common type =:nodular sclerosing Horner's syndrome - anhydrosis absent =:post-ganglionic lesion: carotid artery Horner's syndrome - anhydrosis of head, arm, trunk =:central lesion: stroke, syringomyelia Horner's syndrome - anhydrosis of just face =:pre-ganglionic lesion: Pancoast's, cervical rib
150.
How names of ART drugs relate to function:HIV drugs, rule of thumb: NRTIs end in 'ine' Pis: end in 'vir' NNRTIs: nevirapine, efavirenz
151.
HRT: adding a progestogen increases the risk of?:breast cancer
152.
HRT: unopposed oestrogen increases risk of?:endometrial cancer
153.
Hypercholesterolaemia rather than hypertriglyceridaemia::nephrotic syndrome, cholestasis, hypothyroidism
154.
Finasteride treatment of BPH may take how long before results are seen?:6 months
155.
First line investigation for PE according to current BTS guidelines?:CTPA
156.
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Flash pulmonary oedema, U&Es worse on ACE inhibitor, asymmetrical kidneys: ?diagnosis:--> renal artery stenosis do MR angiography
131.
Hypertension - step 4 rx?:K+ < 4.5 then spironolactone - K+ > 4.5 then higher-dose thiazide-like diuretic hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis - endocrine condition?:Cushing's syndrome
157.
IgM paraproteinaemia -:?Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia
158.
Imatinib - MoA:= tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in CML
Impetigo - rx:topical fusidic acid --> oral flucloxacillin / topical retapamulin
Fluctuating confusion/consciousness?:- subdural haematoma
159.
Flushing, diarrhoea, bronchospasm, tricuspid stenosis, pellagra - diagnosis?:--> carcinoid with liver mets
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Gallop rhythm (S3) is an early sign of?:LVF
Glitazones: MoA:agonists of PPAR-gamma receptors
Goodpasture's syndrome - histology?:- IgG deposits on renal biopsy - anti-GBM antibodies
Dysphagia affecting both solids and liquids from the start think?:achalasia
113.
Genital ulcers - painful::herpes >> chancroid
An important and common interaction with statins?:Statins + erythromycin/clarithromycin - an important and common interaction
Infective endocarditis - good prognosis:streptococcal infection
161.
Infective endocarditis - strongest risk factor:previous episode of infective endocarditis
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Inferior MI -:right coronary artery lesion
Interpreting the ACR results:in non-diabetics an ACR greater than 30 mg/mmol is considered clinically significant proteinuria in diabetics microalbuminuria (ACR greater than 2.5 mg/mmol in men and ACR greater than 3.5 mg/mmol in women) is considered clinically significant
164.
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Investigation for Carcinoid:Diagnosis: urinary 5-HIAA
investigation of choice for upper airway compression:Flow volume loop
166.
Isoniazid SEs::inhibits the P450 system, causes peripheral neuropathy
167.
Isoretinoin adverse effects?:teratogenicity - females MUST be taking contraception low mood dry eyes and lips raised triglycerides hair thinning nose bleeds
168.
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ITP - rx:give oral prednisolone
JVP: C wave - physiological correlate:closure of the tricuspid valve
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JVP: giant v waves:tricuspid regurgitation
Kearns-Sayre syndrome -:mitochondrial inheritance - onset < 20-years-old - external ophthalmoplegia - retinitis pigmentosa
172.
Keloid scars - more common in who and what body part?:young, black, male adults on the sternum
173.
174.
Key contraindication to buproprion?:epilepsy
Key treatments in migraine - acute vs prophylactic:acute: 5HT1 agonist - prophylaxis: beta-blocker
175.
Low levels of which type of complement are associated with SLE?:C3, C4a and C4b
185.
macrophages containing Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) granules:Whipple's disease jejunal biopsy
186.
Magnesium sulphate -monitoring:monitor reflexes + respiratory rate
187.
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Main indication for HRT?:control of vasomotor symptoms
189.
malt workers' lung - pathogen:Aspergillus clavatus
Melanoma: single most important prognostic factor:the invasion depth of the tumour
190.
Miller Fisher syndrome - CFs?:areflexia, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia
191.
Most common cardiac defect in Turner's syndrome?:Bicuspid aortic valve
192.
193.
Most common cause of endocarditis:Streptococcus viridans
Most common cause of endocarditis if < 2 months post valve surgery:Staphylococcus epidermidis
194.
195.
Most common cause of occupational asthma?:Isocyanates
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism:Bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
196.
most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young:HOCM
197.
Most common lung cancer type in non-smokers?:Lung adenocarcinoma - peripheral lesion
198.
Most common presenting symptom in myelofibrosis?:lethargy
199.
Most common psychiatric problem in Parkinson's disease?:depression
200.
201.
Motor neuron disease - treatment::NIV is better than riluzole
Mucocutaneous ulceration following travel - key differential?:Leishmania brasiliensis
202.
Legionella pneumophilia:is best diagnosed by the urinary antigen test
203.
Mycoplasma diagnosis:Serology
204.
Nicotinic acid MoA:increases HDL levels
Lichen - planus::purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces. Wickham's striae over surface. Oral involvement common
205.
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Lichen sclerosus::itchy white spots typically seen on the vulva of elderly women
178.
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Liddle's syndrome::hypokalaemia + hypertension
Live attenuated vaccines -:BCG - MMR - oral polio - yellow fever - oral typhoid
180.
Localising bitemporal hemianopia - upper quadrant defect > lower quadrant defect.:= inferior chiasmal compression, commonly a pituitary tumour
181.
Localising bitemporal hemianopia - upper quadrant defect > lower quadrant defect.:= superior chiasmal compression, commonly a craniopharyngioma
182.
183.
Loss of corneal reflex - key differential?:acoustic neuroma
Low CSF glucose but viral aetiology in meningitis?:Mumps meningitis is associated with a low glucose in up to a third of patients
184.
Nitric oxide - key effects:Vasodilation - mainly venodilation Inhibits platelet aggregation NSTEMI/unstable angina Rx. 6 month mortality risk >1.5% vs 6m risk >3%:if > 1.5% clopidogrel for 12 months - if > 3% angiography within 96 hours
206.
Obese T2DM with abnormal LFTs - think of what disease?:non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
207.
Obesity - NICE bariatric referral cut offs:NICE bariatric referral cut-offs with risk factors (T2DM, BP etc): > 35 kg/m^2 no risk factors: > 40 kg/m^2
208.
Oxygen dissociation curve - shifts Left?:Lower oxygen delivery - Lower acidity, temp, 2-3 DPG - also HbF, carboxy/methaemoglobin -
209.
Oxygen dissociation curve - shifts Right?:Raised oxygen delivery - Raised acidity, temp, 2-3 DPG
210.
Painful third nerve palsy - key differential?:posterior communicating artery aneurysm
211.
Paraneoplastic features of lung cancer - squamous cell vs small cell?:squamous cell: PTHrp, clubbing, HPOA - small cell: ADH, ACTH, Lambert-Eaton syndrome
212.
Patients with Sjogren's syndrome have an increased risk of which malignancy?:lymphoid malignancies
213.
PCI - biggest RF for stent thrombosis?:withdrawal of antiplatelets
214.
Pemphigus vulgaris key features?:Epidermal, desmoglein 3, involves mucosa, flaccid non-pruritic blisters, younger people
215.
PHaeochromocytoma -:give PHenoxybenzamine before beta-blockers
216.
217.
Philadelphia translocation?:t(9;22)
242.
Rx Minimal change glomerulonephritis?:prednisolone
243.
Safest TCA in overdosage?:Lofepramine
Sarcoidosis CXR stages:1 = BHL - 2 = BHL + infiltrates - 3 = infiltrates - 4 = fibrosis
244.
Sarcoidosis prognosis?:Majority of patients get better without treatment
245.
246.
Screening for haemochromatosis -:general population: transferrin saturation > ferritin - family members: HFE genetic testing Second heart sound (S2) - loud, soft, fixed split, reversed split?:loud: hypertension - soft: AS - fixed split: ASD - reversed split: LBBB
248.
Philadelphia translocation and prognosis?:good prognosis in CML, poor prognosis in AML + ALL
249.
Pneumonia following influenza - pathogen?:Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
250.
218.
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220.
Pneumonia in an alcoholic - pathogen?:Klebsiella
221.
Polycythaemia rubra vera - genetic cause?:JAK2 mutation
Polycythaemia rubra vera progression?:around 5-15% progress to myelofibrosis or AML
222.
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy - CFs?:Last trimester, may see vesicles, but no blistering
223.
Porphyria cutanea tarda - CFs?:blistering photosensitive rash - hypertrichosis - hyperpigmentation
224.
225.
Post-natal depression incidence?:10% of women
Primary biliary cirrhosis - the M rule mnemonic?:IgM - antiMitochondrial antibodies, M2 subtype - Middle aged females
226.
Progressive supranuclear palsy CFs?:parkinsonism, impairment of vertical gaze
227.
Prolactinoma management -medical or surgical?:medical therapy is almost always first-line
228.
229.
PTH level in primary hyperparathyroidism:may be normal
Ptosis + dilated pupil vs Ptosis + constricted pupil:Ptosis + dilated pupil = 3rd nerve palsy; Ptosis + constricted pupil = Horner's
230.
231.
Pulsus alternans?:seen in left ventricular failure
Reason for ^sweating in acromegaly:sweat gland hypertrophy
232.
Renal stones on x-ray:cystine stones: semi-opaque urate + xanthine stones: radio-lucent
233.
234.
Renal tubular acidosis - anion gap?:normal anion gap
Restless leg syndrome - management:dopamine agonists such as ropinirole
235.
Schistosoma haematobium:causes haematuria
247.
Septic arthritis - most common organism?:Staphylococcus aureus Signet ring cells =:Gastric adenocarcinoma
Signs suggesting TTP rather than HUS?:Neuro signs and purpura point towards TTP
251.
Somatisation vs hypochondria:Somatisation = patient concerned about Symptoms. Hypochondria = patient concerned about underlying disease eg Cancer.
252.
253.
SSRI + NSAID interaction?:GI bleeding risk - give a PPI
SSRI with high incidence of discontinuation symptoms?:Paroxetine
254.
Statins - MoA?:inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis
255.
256.
Statistical power =:1 - the probability of a type II error
Streptococcus bovis endocarditis:is associated with colorectal cancer
257.
258.
Streptococcus pneumoniae:is associated with cold sores
259.
Stroke thrombolysis time limit?:3 hours
Superiority vs equivalence vs non-inferiority. What sample sizes?:Superiority trial --> large sample size needed.
260.
Symptom control in non-CF bronchiectasis?:inspiratory muscle training + postural drainage
261.
Syringomyelia - CFs?:spinothalamic sensory loss (pain and temperature)
262.
%tage of people with Hep C developing cirrhosis?:Liver cirrhosis will develop in around 20-30% of patients over 20-30 years
263.
Taxanes (e.g. Docetaxel) MoA?:prevent microtubule disassembly
264.
265.
Tear-drop poikilocytes ?:= myelofibrosis
236.
Rheumatoid arthritis - HLA association?:DR4
266.
Terlipressin - MoA?:= constriction of the splanchnic vessels
237.
Rises first following MI?:Myoglobin
267.
TNF-#alpha# inhibitors:may reactivate TB
Rx for Hypertension in diabetics -:ACE-inhibitors are firstline regardless of age
238.
Rx for Mycoplasma pneumonia:Macrolides. If allergic =doxycycline
239.
240.
Rx Infertility in PCOS -:clomifene is superior to metformin
Rx metastatic bone pain:NSAIDs, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy
241.
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) -:monoclonal antibody that acts on the HER2/neu receptor
268.
269.
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) - important SE?:cardiotoxicity
270.
Tricyclic overdose - rx:give IV bicarbonate
271.
Trigeminal neuralgia - first-line Rx?:carbamazepine
272.
TTP first-line Rx?:Plasma exchange
273.
Type of bladder cancer association with schistosomiasis:SchistoSomiaSiS is a risk factor for SquamouS cell bladder cancer
274.
Types of cells seen in CLL?:CLL is caused by a monoclonal proliferation of B-cell lymphocytes
275.
Urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia. Diagnosis?:normal pressure hydrocephalus
276.
Urticaria - common drug cause?:Aspirin
277.
URTI symptoms + amoxicillin --> rash:?glandular fever
278.
U waves on ECG:Hypokalaemia -
279.
Variables used to calculate eGFR?:CAGE - Creatinine, Age, Gender, Ethnicity
280.
Ventricular tachycardia - which antiarrhythmic is contraindicated?:verapamil
281.
Viagra contraindications:contraindicated by nitrates and nicorandil
282.
Vigabatrin - important SE?:V for Vigabatrin - V for Visual field defects
283.
Vincristine - important SE?:peripheral neuropathy
Visual changes secondary to drugs - blue vision? Yellow-green vision?:blue vision: Viagra ('the blue pill') - yellow-green vision: digoxin
284.
285.
What drugs are now preferred to thiazides in the treatment of hypertension?:Calcium channel blockers
286.
What is rheumatoid factor?:IgM antibody against IgG
287.
What should you check before starting azathioprine?:Check thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency (TPMT) before treatment
288.
When to start allopurinol in gout?:>= 2 attacks in 12 month period.
289.
Which antiepileptic is safe in breast feeding?:Breast feeding is acceptable with nearly all anti-epileptic drugs
290.
Which cytokine is most important in pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?:TNF
291.
Wilson's disease: diagnosis:- serum caeruloplasmin is decreased
292.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - CFs:epigastric pain and diarrhoea
