th
6
Edition
®
GMAT Sentence Correction Guide Joern Meissner
TURBOCHARGE YOUR PREP GMAT and GMAT CAT are registered trademarks of the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAC does not endorse nor is it affiliated in any way with the owner of this product or any content herein.
+1 (212) 316 316-2000 -2000
www.manhattanreview www .manhattanreview.com .com
Turbocharge Your GMAT: Sentence Correction Guide part of the 6th Edition Series April 20th, 2016
Detailed Grammar Review • Nouns & Pronouns Pronouns • Adjectives Adjectives & Adverbs Adverbs • Preposition Preposition Types Types & Errors • Idioms Idioms • Verb Verb Voices Voices & Tenses • Participles Participles & Gerunds Gerunds • Mood, Punctuat Punctuation ion & Clauses Clauses
Grammatical Errors to Avoid
Tested Topics in Detail
Tips & Strategies
300 Realistic Practice Questions • Detailed Detailed explanations explanations • Concept-wise Concept-wise discussion discussion of errors errors • Concept-wise Concept-wise categoriza categorization tion
www.manhattanreview.com ©1999–2016 ©1999–2016 Manhattan Review. All Rights Reserved.
ii
Sentence Correction Guide
Copyright and Terms of Use Copyright Copyright and Trademark Trademark All materials herein (including names, terms, trademarks, designs, images, and graphics) are the property of Manhattan Review, except where otherwise noted. Except as permitted herein, no such material may be copied, reproduced, displayed or transmitted or otherwise used without the prior prior written written permis permissio sion n of Manhat Manhattan tan Review. Review. You You are permitt permitted ed to use materia materiall herein for your personal, noncommercial use, provided that you do not combine such material into a combination, collection, or compilation of material. If you have any questions regarding the use of the material, please contact Manhattan Review at
[email protected]. This material may make reference to countries and persons. The use of such references is for hypothetical and demonstrative purposes only.
Terms of Use By using this material, you acknowledge and agree to the terms of use contained herein.
No Warranties This material is provided without warranty, either express or implied, including the implied warranties of merchantability, merchantability, of fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. noninfringement. Manhattan Review does not warrant or make any representations regarding the use, accuracy or results of the use of this material. This material may make reference to other source materials. Manhattan Review is not responsible in any respect for the content of such other source materials, and disclaims all warranties and liabilities with respect to the other source materials.
Limitation on Liability Manhattan Review shall not be responsible under any circumstances for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, or consequential damages (“Damages”) that may arise from the use of this material. In addition, Manhattan Review does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness completeness of its course materials materials,, which are provided provided “as is” with no warranty, warranty, express express or implied. implied. Manhattan Review assumes no liability for any Damages from errors or omissions in the material, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise. GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council. GMAC does not endorse, nor is it affiliated in any way with, the owner of this product or any content herein.
10-Digit International Standard Book Number: (ISBN: 1-62926-067-3) 13-Digit International Standard Book Number: (ISBN: 978-1-62926-067-9) Last updated on April 20th, 2016. Manhattan Review, 275 Madison Avenue, Suite 1429, New York, NY 10016. Phone: +1 (212) 316-2000. E-Mail: info@manhattanreview
[email protected]. .com. Web: www.manhattanreview.com www.manhattanreview.com
www.manhattanreview.com
© 1999–2016 Manhattan Review
Sentence Correction Guide
iii
About the Turbocharge your GMAT Series
The Turbocharge Turbocharge Your GMAT Series Series is carefully carefully designed designed to be clear, clear, comprehe comprehensiv nsive, e, and content-driven. content-driven. Long regarded as the gold standard in GMAT prep worldwide, Manhattan Review’s GMAT prep books offer professional GMAT instruction for dramatic score improvement. Now in its updated 6th edition, the full series is designed to provide GMAT test-takers with complete guidance for highly successful successful outcomes. As many students have discovered, Manhattan Review’s GMAT books break down the different test sections in a coherent, concise, and accessible manner. We delve deeply into the content of every single testing area and zero in on exactly exactly what you need to know to raise your score. score. The full series series is comprise comprised d of 16 guides that cover concepts in mathematics and grammar from the most basic through the most advanced levels, making them a great study resource for all stages of GMAT preparation. Students who work through all of our books benefit from a substantial boost to their GMAT knowledge and develop a thorough and strategic approach to taking the GMAT.
GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT GMAT
Math Essentials (ISBN: 978-1-62926-057-0) Number Properties Guide Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-058-7) Arithmetics Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-059-4) Algebra Guide (ISBN: (ISBN: 978-1-62926-060-0) Geometry Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-061-7) Word Problems Problems Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-062-4) Sets & Statistics Guide Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-063-1) Combinatorics & Probability Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-064-8) Data Sufficiency Sufficiency Guide Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-065-5) Quantitative Question Bank (ISBN: 978-1-62926-066-2) Sentence Correction Guide Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-067-9) Critical Reasoning Guide Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-068-6) Reading Comprehension Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-069-3) Integrated Reasoning Reasoning Guide Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-070-9) Analytical Writing Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-071-6) Vocabulary Builder (ISBN: 978-1-62926-072-3)
© 1999–2016 Manhattan Review
www.manhattanreview.com
iv
Sentence Correction Guide
About the Company Manhattan Review’s origin can be traced directly back to an Ivy League MBA classroom in 1999. While teaching advanced quantitative subjects to MBAs at Columbia Business School in New York City, Profess Professor or Dr. Joern Joern Meissner Meissner developed developed a reputatio reputation n for explaining explaining complicated complicated concepts concepts in an understan understandable dable way. Remembe Remembering ring their own less-than-op less-than-optimal timal experience experiences s preparing for the GMAT, Prof. Meissner’s students challenged him to assist their friends, who were frustrate frustrated d with conventio conventional nal GMAT preparation preparation options. options. In response, response, Prof. Meissner Meissner created original lectures that focused on presenting GMAT content in a simplified and intelligible manner, a method vastly different from the voluminous memorization and so-called tricks tricks commonly commonly offered offered by others. others. The new approach immediatel immediately y proved proved highly popular with GMAT students, inspiring the birth of Manhattan Review. Since its founding, founding, Manhattan Manhattan Review has grown grown into a multi-nati multi-national onal educational educational service services s firm, focusing on GMAT preparation, MBA admissions consulting, and application advisory services services,, with thousands thousands of highly highly satisfied satisfied students students all over the world. The original original lectures lectures have been continuously expanded and updated by the Manhattan Review team, an enthusiastic group of master GMAT professionals and senior academics. Our team ensures that Manhattan Review offers the most time-efficient and cost-effective preparation available for the GMAT. Please visit www.ManhattanReview.com for further details.
About the Founder Profess Professor or Dr. Joern Joern Meissner Meissner has more than 25 years years of teaching experienc experience e at the graduate graduate and undergraduat undergraduate e levels. levels. He is the founder of Manhattan Review, Review, a worldwid worldwide e leader leader in test prep services services,, and he created created the original original lectures lectures for its first GMAT preparation preparation class. Prof. Prof. Meissner is a graduate of Columbia Business School in New York City, where he received a PhD in Managemen Managementt Science. Science. He has since served served on the faculties faculties of prestigious prestigious business business schools in the United Kingdom and Germany. He is a recognized authority in the areas of supply chain managemen management, t, logistics logistics,, and pricing strategy. strategy. Prof. Prof. Meissner Meissner thoroughl thoroughly y enjoys enjoys his research research,, but he believes that grasping an idea is only half of the fun. Conveying knowledge to others is even more fulfilling. This philosophy was crucial to the establishment of Manhattan Review, and remains its most cherished principle.
www.manhattanreview.com
© 1999–2016 Manhattan Review
Sentence Correction Guide
v
The Advantages of Using Manhattan Review Time efficiency and cost effectiveness.
– For most people, the most limiting factor of test preparation is time. – It takes significantly more teaching experience to prepare a student in less time. – Our test preparation approach is tailored for busy professionals. We will teach you what you need to know in the least amount of time. Our high-quality and dedicated instructors are committed to helping every student
reach her/his goals.
© 1999–2016 Manhattan Review
www.manhattanreview.com
vi
Sentence Correction Guide
International Phone Numbers and Official Manhattan Review Websites Manhattan Manhattan Headquart Headquarters ers USA & Canada ada Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Chile China Czech Republic France Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary India Indonesia Ireland Italy Japan Malaysia Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Russia Singapore South Africa South Korea Sweden Spain Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Unit United ed Arab Arab Em Emir irat ates es Unit United ed King Kingdo dom m Rest of World
www.manhattanreview.com
+1-212-316+1-212-316-2000 2000 +1-800-246-4600 +1-212-316-2000 +61-3-9001-6618 +43-720-115-549 +32-2-808-5163 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +86-20-2910-1913 +1-212-316-2000 +33-1-8488-4204 +49-89-3803-8856 +1-212-316-2000 +852-5808-2704 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +39-06-9338-7617 +81-3-4589-5125 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +31-20-808-4399 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +65-3158-2571 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +1-212-316-2000 +34-911-876-504 +41-435-080-991 +1-212-316-2000 +66-6-0003-5529 +1-212-316-2000 +1-2 +1-212 12-3 -316 16-2 -200 000 0 +44+44-20 20-7 -706 0600-98 9800 00 +1-212-316-2000
www.manha www.manhattanr ttanrevie eview.com w.com www.manhattanreview.com www.review.com.ar www.manhattanreview.com www.review.at www.manhattanreview.be www.manhattanreview.com.br www.manhattanreview.cl www.manhattanreview.cn www.review.cz www.review.fr www.review.de www.review.com.gr www.review.hk www.review.co.hu www.review.in www.manhattanreview.id www.gmat.ie www.manhattanreview.it www.manhattanreview.jp www.review.my www.manhattanreview.mx www.manhattanreview.nl www.review.co.nz www.review.ph www.review.pl www.review.pt www.review.qa www.manhattanreview.ru www.gmat.sg ww www.manhattanreview.co.za www www.manhattanreview.kr www.gmat.se www.review.es www.review.ch www.gmat.tw www.manhattanreview.com www.review.com.tr www. www.ma manh nhat atta tanr nrev evie iew. w.ae ae www. www.ma manh nhat atta tanr nrev evie iew. w.co co.u .uk k www.manhattanreview.com
© 1999–2016 Manhattan Review
Contents 1 Welcome
1
2 Grammar Review 2.1 Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Common and Proper Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Singular and Plural Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Countable and Uncountable Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.4 Collective Nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Pronoun Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Nominative and Objective Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Possessive Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.4 Agreement & Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Adverbial Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Adverbial Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Adverbs vs. Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1 Position and Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.2 Adverbs and Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.3 Adjectives Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.1 Preposition Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.2 Prepositi itions Frequently Misused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.3 Idioms with Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.2 Active and Passive Voices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.3 Major Tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7. 2.7.4 4 Mood Moods: s: Indi Indica cati tive ve,, Im Impe pera rati tive ve and and Subj Subjun unct ctiv ive e mood moods s . . 2.7.5 Participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.5.1 Present Participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.5.2 Past Participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.5.3 Special Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.6 Gerunds & Infinitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 14 16 16 16 17 23 23 23 23 26 28 29 29 30 30 33