7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
TEAM CODE: 38
BEFORE THE HON’BLE SUPREME COURT OF ARESSIA, AT AHALI CITY
IN THE MATTERS OF:
TWOARESSIANSTATES& OTHERS
... APPELLANT
V.
THE UNION OF ARESSIA
...
R ESPONDENT ESPONDENT
APPEAL NOS. ___/2!", ___/2!",
C LUBBED W ITH
WRIT PETITION NOS. ___/2!, ___/2!2
ON SUBMISSION TO THE HON’BLE SUPREME COURT OF ARESSIA UNDER A ARTICLE 32OF THE CONSTITUTION OF ARESSIA
WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE APPELLANTS
COUNSEL APPEARIN# ON BEHALF OF THE APPELLANTS
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
TABLE TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES……………………………………………………………….....V STAT STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION............... JURISDICTION...................................... .............................................. .............................................. ....................... ..... XI STAT STATEMENT OF FACTS................. FACTS........................................ .............................................. ............................................................... ........................................ XII STAT STATEMENT OF ISSUES...................................... ISSUES............................................................. .............................................. ........................................ ................. XIV SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS......................... ARGUMENTS................................................ .............................................. .......................................... ...................... ... XV ARGUMENTS ADVA ADVANCED....................................... NCED.............................................................. ............................................................. ...................................... 1 1. THAT THE WRIT PETITION FILED WITH THE HIGH COURT OF NERUDA IS MAINTAINABLE................. MAINTAINABLE........................................ .............................................. ......................................................................... .................................................. 1 1.1. T!" "# F$%&' ($% E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-" ! ,$/& "!)+ "$ (+,# "# %##)" #"+"+$) ............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .................................................1 ..........................1 1.2. T!" "# %+-" "$ ! #!," #)*+%$)'#)" #)*+%$)'#)" !) ,+*#,+$$ ,+*#,+$$ &)#% &)#% A%"+/,# 21 '! "!) *+$,!"#........................................... *+$,!"#.................................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...................................... ...............2 2 1.2.1 T!" "# !'3+" $( A. 21 + )$" ,+'+"# "$ /+"+#) $( A%#+!.................................2 1.2.2 T!" A%"+/,# 21 #5"#) 3#$) "# "#%%+"$%+!, ,+'+" $( A%#+!.............................6 1.2.6 T!" "# %+-" "$ ! #!," #)*+%$)'#)" !) ,+*#,+$$ !%# %##)" +"+) "# !&+/# $( A%"+/,# 21........................................ 21............................................................... .............................................................4 ......................................4 1.6. T!" +)/,&+)- "# %+*#% 8B!%-!*+9 +) "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% P%$;#/" '! *+$,!"# C&"$'!% I)"#%)!"+$)!, L!...................... L!............................................. .............................................. ................................................4 .........................4 2. THAT THAT < 6 OF THE LIN=I LIN=ING NG OF RIVE RIVERS RS ACT ACT 2010 2010 IS ULTRA ULTRA VIRES THE CONSTITUTION OF ARESSIA.............................. ARESSIA..................................................... .............................................. ...................................... ...............> > 2.1 T!" < 6 $( "# ,+):+)- $( %+*#% !/" +) 8+" !) &3"!)/#9 (!,, +"+) "# #5/,&+*# ,#-+,!"+*# /$'#"#)/# $( "# "!"#...................................................................................? 2.1.1. T# $3;#/" !) &%$# $( "# +'&-)# #/"+$) %#,!"# "$ &3;#/" #5/,&+*#, #)&'#%!"# +) L+" II $( "# S#*#)" S/#&,#..............................................................? 2.1.2. T# /$# $( "# +'&-)# #/"+$) %#,!"# "$ &3;#/" #5/,&+*#, #)&'#%!"# +) L+" II $( "# S#*#)" S/#&,#.................................................. S/#&,#...................................................................................... .................................... 7 2.1.6. 2.1.6. T# E((#/" E((#/" $( "# +'&-)# +'&-)# #/"+$) %#,!"# "$ &3;#/" #5/,&+*#, #)&'#%!"# #)&'#%!"# +) L+" II $( "# S#*#)" S/#&,#....................................................... S/#&,#.................................................................................. ........................... @ 2.2. T!" )$ %#$,&"+$) &)#% A%"+/,# 2>2 #%# !# 3 "# S"!"# L#-+,!"&%# ! /$)"+"&"+$)!,, '!)!"#...................................... '!)!"#............................................................. ...................................................... ............................... ......@ 6. THAT THE EXCLUSION AND NON IMPLEMENTATION OF LIN=ING OF RIVER PROJECT FOR THE STATE STATE OF VINDHIYA VINDHI YA IS VIOLAT VIO LATIVE IVE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF CITIENS OF VINDHIYA VINDHIYA AND NORMANDA........................................ NORMANDA............................................ .... 6.1. T!" A%"+/,# 14 H! B##) V+$,!"#.................................... V+$,!"#........................................................... .......................................... ...................
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
6.1.1 T!" E5#/&"+*# O%#% !%# /$)+#%# L! !) ! W%+" P#"+"+$) !# !-!+)" "# !'# + '!+)"!+)!3,#.................... '!+)"!+)!3,#........................................... .............................................. ......................................................... .................................. .. 6.1.1.1. T!" E5#/&"+*# O%#% !%# /$)+#%# ,!...................... ,!.................................................... .............................. 6.1.1.2. T!" ! %+" #"+"+$) !-!+)" "# #5#/&"+*# $%#% !# 3 G$*#%)'#)" $( A%#+! + '!+)"!+)!3,#............................................................................................10 6.1.2. T!" "# #5#/&"+*# $%#% $( #5/,&+$) *+$,!"# "# %+-" "$ #&!,+" ! #)*+!-# &)#% A%"+/,# 14...................................... 14............................................................. .............................................. ...............................................10 ........................10 6.1.2.1. T!" A.14 -&!%!)"## "# /+"+#) $( S"!"# $( V+)+! !) N$%'!)! "# %+-" "$ 3# "%#!"# #&!,, +" "$# (!%'#% +) "# %#" $( I)+!............................11 6.1.2.2 T!" "# %+-" $( "# (!%'#% $( "# V+)+! !) N$%'!)! !%# 3#+)*+$,!"# &)#% A%"+/,# 14 3 )$" +)/,&+)- V+)+! +) "# I)"#%,+):+)- $( R+*#% P%$;#/"............................................ P%$;#/"................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................11 ......11 6.2. T!" A%"+/,# 21 H! B##) V+$,!"#.................................... V+$,!"#........................................................... ........................................12 .................12 6.2.1. T!" "# S"!"# ! ! $+"+*# $+"+*# $3,+-!"+$) "$ -&!%!)"## A.21 A.21 $( "# C$)"+"&"+$). 12 6.2.2. T!" A. 21 #5"#) "$ "# %+-" "$ !"#% !) "# !'# ! 3##) *+$,!"#..........12 6.2.2.1. T!" A%"+/,# A%"+/,# 21 #5"#) "$ "# %+-" "$ !"#%............................ !"#%.......................................... ...................16 .....16 6.2.2.1. T!" "# R+-" "$ W!"#% ! 3##) *+$,!"#...................................................16 *+$,!"#...................................................16 6.2.6. T!" A. 21 #5"#) "$ %+-" "$ 3!+/ )#/#+"+# !) "# !'# ! 3##) *+$,!"# ............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ...........................................14 ....................14 6.2.6.1. T!" A. A. 21 #5"#) "$ "# R+-" "$ B!+/ N#/#+"+#..................................14 N#/# +"+#..................................14 6.2.6.2. T!" ! *+$,!"+$) $( R+-" "$ B!+/ N#/#+"+# + ! *+$,!"+$) $( ! R+-" "$ L+(# !) L+3#%" L+3#%" &)#% A. 21 $( "# C$)"+"&"+$)..................................... C$)"+"&"+$).....................................................14 ................14 6.2.4. T!" A. 21 #5"#) "$ R+-" "$ L+*#,+$$ !) R+-" "$ W$%: !) "# !'# !*# 3##) *+$,!"#....................................... *+$,!"#.............................................................. .............................................. ..................................... ........................... ............. 14 6.2.4.1. T!" A.21 #5"#) "$ R+-" "$ L+*#,+$$ !) R+-" "$ W$%:.................... W$%:.....................1> .1> 6.2.4.1. T!" ! V+$,!"+$) $( R+-" "$ L+*#,+$$ !) R+-" "$ W$%: V+$,!"# T# R+-" T$ L+(#........................................................ L+(#............................................................................... ................................................... ............................ .1> 6.2.>. T!" A%"+/,# 21 E5"#) "$ R+-" "$ S$/+$ E/$)$'+/ J&"+/# A) E/$)$'+/ E'$#%'#)" A) "# !'# ! 3##) *+$,!"#............................................ *+$,!"#...........................................................1> ...............1> 6.2.>.1. T!" A.21 E5"#) "$ R+-" T$ S$/+$ E/$)$'+/ J&"+/# A) E/$)$'+/ E'$#%'#)"..........................................................................................................1> 6.2. 6.2.>. >. T!" T!" ! V+$,!" $,!"+$ +$) ) $( R+- R+-"" "$ S$/+ S$/+$ $ E/$)$ E/$)$'+ '+// J&" J&"+/# +/# !) !) E/$) E/$)$' $'+/ +/ E'$#%'#)" + ! *+$,!"+$) $( "# R+-" "$ L+(# !) L+3#%".................................1? 4. THAT THE LIN=ING OF RIVERS ACT 2010 VIOLATES THE ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS RIGHTS OF CITIE CITIENS NS OF ARESS ARESSIA IA AND THE THE PROVIS PROVISION IONS S OF THE THE FOREST FOREST CONSERVATION ACT 1@0...........................................................................................1?
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
4.1. T!" P&%$+*# I)"#%%#"!"+$) O( A) A/" C!) B# D$)# B L$$:+)- A" I" P%#!'3,# A) T# S!'# H#, A/#%"!+) E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-"...................................................1? 4.1.1 T!" &%$+*# +)"#%%#"!"+$) $( !) !/" /!) 3# $)# 3 ,$$:+)- !" +" P%#!'3,# ......................................................................................................................................1? 4.2. T!" T# E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-" O( T# C+"+#) O( A%#+! H!*# B##) V+$,!"# U)#% T# E)*+%$)'#)" P%$"#/"+$) A/" 1@? EPA.......................................................17 4.6. T!" 8R#!$)!3,# P#%$)9 T#" D#"#%'+)# W+/ R+-" I G+*#) P%#/##)/# A) T# E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-" T!:# P%#/##)/# I) T# P%##)" C!#..................................1@ 4.6.1. T!" "# R#!$)!3,# P#%$)9 T#" + &# "$ #"#%'+)# "# %+-" 3# -+*#) %#/##)/#....................................................................................................................1@ 4.6.2. T!" E)*+%$)'#)"!, %+-" !%# "$ 3# -+*#) %#/##)/#......................................1@ 4.4. T!" E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-" A%# G$*#%)# B T# D$/"%+)# O( P%#/!&"+$)!% P%+)/+,# A) S&"!+)!3,# D#*#,$'#)" A) T# S!'# H!*# B##) B%#!/#..............1 4.4.1. T!" "# $/"%+)# $( P%#/!&"+$)!% P%+)/+,# !) S&"!+)!3,# D#*#,$'#)" -$*#%) #)*+%$)'#)"!, %+-"........................................................................................1 4.4.2. T!" "# $/"%+)# !*# )$" 3##) !#%# "$......................................................20 4.>. T!" T# D$/"%+)# O( P&3,+/ T%&" I T$ B# E5#%/+# B T# G$*#%)'#)" A) T# N$) E5#%/++)- O( T# S!'# H! V+$,!"# E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-" O( T# C+"+#) O( A%#+!..............................................................................................................................20 4.>.1. T!" "# D$/"%+)# $( P&3,+/ T%&" + "$ 3# #5#%/+# 3 "# G$*#%)'#)" $( I)+!. ......................................................................................................................................20 4.>.2.T!" "# D$/"%+)# ! )$" 3##) ($,,$#............................................................21 4.?. T!" "# ($%#" /$)#%*!"+$) !/"9 $3;#/" + "$ %#*#)" #($%#"!"+$) !) "# !'# ! )$" 3##) !#%# "$....................................................................................................21 4.?.1.T!" "# $3;#/"+*# $( "# F$%#" C$)#%*!"+$) A/" 1@0 + "$ P%#*#)" D#($%#"!"+$)................................................................................................................ 21 4.?.2. T# O3;#/"+*# $( "# FC A/" ! )$" 3##) !#%# "$........................................22 PRAYER................................................................................................................................ ..22
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
Index of Authorities
STATUTES
C+" $( S!) F%!)/+$ P%#/!&"+$)!% P%+)/+,# O%+)!)/#.......................................................2 C$)"+"&"+$) $( I)+!....................................................................................................... ..!+' BOO$S, ARTICLES & TREATISES
A. R OSENCRAN S. R USTOMJEE CITIENS9 R IGHT TO A HEALTHY E NVIRONMENT 1> 2> E)*+%. P$,. L!.................................................................................................................2@ ARVIND P. DATAR DATAR O N CONSTITUTION OF I NDIA W!! C$'!) #.2001..... .2> C. R AMACHANDRAIAH DRIN=ING WATER AS A FUNDAMENTAL R IGHT Economic and Political Weekly V$,. 6? N$. @ F#3. 24 M!%. 2 2001..................................................26 CAMERON J. ABOUCHAR THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF
LAW
AND
POLICY
FOR
THE
ENVIRONMENT BostonCollegeInternational
PROTECTION
OF
THE
GLOBAL
And Comparative La Revie 2001.............60 CHARMIAN BARTON PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE I N AUSTRALIA V$,. 22 1@@ H!%*. E)*. L. R#*........................................................................................................................................2@ CHRISTOPHER S. FORD R IGHTS A ND R EMEDIES U NDER THE CONSTITUTION EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS D&:# J$&%)!, O( C$)"+"&"+$)!, L! P&3,+/ P$,+/ S#/+!, I V$,. 7 N$. 2 2012......................... .......16 D.D. BASU COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF I NDIA C.=. T!::#% S.S. S&3%!'!)+ T. S. D$!3+! B. P. B!)#%;## #. V$,. ? @" #. 2012...............................11 D.D. BASU COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF I NDIA C.=. T!::#% S.S. S&3%!'!)+ T. S. D$!3+! B. P. B!)#%;## #. V$,. @ @" #. 2012................................ 1> DURGA DAS BASU COMMENTARY ON CONSTITUTION OF I NDIA V$,. 2 2007.......................21 DURGA DAS BASU COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF I NDIA V$,. 6 @ " #.
[email protected] G.P. SINGH PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY I NTERPRETATION 16" #. 2012...............................27 H. M. S EERVAI CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF I NDIA 4" #. *$,. 2 2007...................................11 I ND. CONST...............................................................................................................................14 JONATHAN NASH STANDING A ND THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE C$,&'3+! L! R#*+# V$,. 10@ 200@......................................................................................................................60 JOSEPH LAX PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE I N NATURAL R ESOURCE LAW EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL I NTERVENTION M+/+-!) L! R#*+# V$,. ?@ P!%" I........................................................61 JUSTICE FAIL = ARIM JUDICIAL R EVIEW OF PUBLIC ACTION V$,.1..................................... 24 JUSTICE T. S. D OABIA E NVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LAWS IN I NDIA W!! N!-&% V$,&'# 1 1" #. 200>.......................................................................................................... 14 JUSTICE TS DOABIA E NVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LAWS IN I NDIA W!! N!-&% V$,.1 1"#. 200>.................................................................................................................61 =. JANA=I=UTTYAMMA FUNDAMENTAL R IGHTS I N R ELATION TO THE I NDIAN CONSTITUTIONT!e Indian "o#rnal o$ Political Science V$,. N$. 26 A%+,KS#"#'3#% 14@....................................................................................................................................1
4
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
M.P. JAIN I NDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW J&"+/# R&'! P!, S!'!%!+"! P!, #. ?" #. 2010......................................................................................................................................17 M.P. JAIN I NDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW V$,. 1 > " #. 2006..............................................24 MITTAL R IGHT T O EUALITY A ND T HE I NDIAN SUPREME COURT T# A'#%+/!) J$&%)!, $( C$'!%!"+*# L! V$,. 14 1?>..........................................................................................21 N. JAYAPALAN I NDIAN SOCIETY A ND SOCIAL I NSTITUTIONS A",!)"+/ P&3,+#% D+"%+3&"$% 2001.................................................................................................................20 NARAIN VRINDA WATER AS A F UNADAMENTAL R IGHT PERSPECTIVE FROM I NDIA 200 V#%'$)" L! R#*+#...........................................................................................................26 O. M/I)"%# T M$#!,#.THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AS A N ORM OF CUSTOMARY I NTERNATIONAL LAW "o#rnal o$ Environmental La%2 17......................................60 R. STECHA CARROT AND STIC= APPROACH A N ANALYSIS OF THE U= GOVERNMENTS PROPOSALS ON ENVIRONMENTAL JUDICIAL REVIEW J$&%)!, $( E)*+%$)'#)"!, R#*+# V$,. 1> 2 2016.......................................................................................................................... 11 R OSE MARY R IGHT TO WATER THEORETICAL CONCERNS A ND PRACTICAL ISSUES T# I)+!) J$&%)!, $( P$,+"+/!, S/+#)/# V$,. ?7 N$. 4 OCT. DEC. 200?............................24 SHAMNAD B ASHEER P RASHANT R EDDY D UC=ING TRIPS IN I NDIA A SAGA I NVOLVING NOVARTIS AND THE L EGALITY OF S ECTION 6 D 20 N!"+$)!, L! S/$$, $( I)+! R#*+# 161 142 200@..................................................................................................................... 1> SHYAM DIVAN ARMIN R OSENCRAN E NVIRONMENTAL LAW A ND POLICY I N I NDIA 2) #. O5($% I)+! P!#%3!/:.......................................................................................................27 CASES
A. S. =%+)! *. S"!"# $( M!%! AIR 1>7 SC 27.......................................................... .....20 A.P. P$,,&"+$) C$)"%$, B$!% II * P%$(.M.V. N!+& !) O"#% C+*+, A#!, N$. 6?@676 $( 1....................................................................................................................................27 A.P. P$,,&"+$) C$)"%$, B$!%*. P%$(.M.V. N!!& R#". O"#% AIR 1 SC @12........62 A.P. P$,,&"+$) C$)"%$, B$!% *. P%$(.M.V. N!!& R#". O%. AIR1
[email protected] A:+, B!%"+! S$+" =!%!'/!%+ S!)- R,. *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1@1 SC 2@........... 1> ALAN GEWIRTH ARE ALL R IGHTS POSITIVE P+,$$ P&3,+/ A((!+% V$,. 60 N$. 6 2001......................................................................................................................................2? A'3+:! &!%% W$%: *. S"!"# $( G&;!%!" !) O% AIR 1@7 SC 1076................................ ..6? A$/+!"# P%$*+)/+!, P+/"&%# *. W#)#3&% C$%). 14@ 1 =B 226.................................2> A"'! L+)-! R# !) O%.*. U)+$) $( I)+! UOI !) O% AIR 200 SC 46?..................27 B!)!+ S#*! A%!' *. S"!"# $( U.P. AIR 1@7 SC 674.......................................................1> B!#!%N!" *.T# C$''++$)#% $( I)/$'# T!5 D#,+ R!;!"!) , AIR 1> SC 14.26 B#)-!, I''&)+" C$. *. S"!"# $( B+!% AIR 1>> SC ??1......................................................1? B%%!;& R!'!,+)-! R!;& *.T# S"!"# CBIC%+'+)!, P#"+"+$) N$. >4>4 $( 200......................2@ C#)"%# ($% P&3,+/ I)"#%#" L+"+-!"+$) !) O%. *. U)+$) $( I)+! UOI !) O%.AIR 2016 SC 672>......................................................................................................................................66 C!+'!) R!+,! B$!% *. C!)%+'! D! AIR 2000 SC @.............................................17 C!'#,+ S+)- *. S"!"# $( U""!% P%!# AIR 1? SC 10>1................................................. 2@ C,!%: *. A,,!'!) 71 =!). 20? 70 LRA 71..........................................................................27 D. =. B!& *. S"!"# $( W#" B#)-!, AIR 17 SC ?10...........................................................1? >
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
D. =. Y!!* *. J. M. A. I)&"%+# AIR 1@? SC 1@0............................................................. 1@ D!,'!"+! C#'#)" B!%!" L". *. U)+$) $( I)+! 1? 10 SCC 104..................................2> D#,+ D#*#,$'#)" H$%"+/&,"&%# E',$##9 U)+$) *. D#,+ A'+)+"%!"+$) & AIR 12 SC 7@........................................................................................................................................2 D#,+ T%!)$%" C$%$%!"+$) *. D.T.C. M!$$% C$)-%# !) O%. AIR 11 SC 101... .....61 D%. R!!:%+)! C$$#%!"+*# H$&+)- S$/+#" L+'+"# H$&% H&3,+ !) O%. *. G$*#%)'#)" $( =!%)!"!:! H$&+)- !) U%3!) D#*#,$'#)" D#!%"'#)" B!)-!,$%# !) O%. 12=!%LJ?67........................................................................................................21 F%!)/+ C$%!,+# M&,,+) *. T# A'+)+"%!"$% U)+$) T#%%+"$% $( D#,+ O%. AIR 1@1 SC 74?........................................................................................................................................2@ G$! F$&)!"+$) !) P#!/#(&, S$/+#" *. U)+$) $( I)+! !) O% 2014 4 EFLT ?0.............61 G%!'$$)# C$'!) $( I)+! *. B+%#)%!B!!&% P!)# AIR 1@4 SC ??7...................1 G&"! E)"#%%+# *. D#,+ P$,,&"+$) C$)"%$, C$''+""## !) A)%. 200@ ILR 1D#,+40. ..24 H+ H$,+)# =#!*!)!)! B!%!"+ S%+!!-!,*!%& *. S"!"# $( =#%!,! AIR 176 SC 14?1....1@ I) R# C!&*#% W!"#% D+&"# T%+3&)!, AIR 12 SC >>2...................................................22 I)%! S!)# *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 16 SC 477...............................................................26 I)& B&!) B$# *. R!'! S&)!%+ D#3+ AIR 170 SC
[email protected] J!'# N. G&!% *. S"!"# $( M!!%!"%! !) O%. AIR 200> SC @?2...............................20 =!"&%+L!, L!:'+ R# . S"!"# $( J = AIR 1@0 SC 12.............................................2> =#%!,! S!"!)"%! M!,!! T$+,!,+ F##%!"+$) !) O%.*. =#%!,! T%!,)#" B$!" O#%!"$% A$/+!"+$) !) O%. 14>SCC2@.................................................................................. 22 =!%!: S+)- *. S"!"# $( U""!% P%!# 14 6 SCC >?.....................................................17 =R S#)$ *. C+#( O((+/#% T$) M&)+/+!, C$&)/+, AIR 174 SC 2177...........................6> L!:!%B$&'#+#)##" #" !,.*.G#$%-# W. B& #" !,.12@ S. C". 222 200@.........................17 L$&+ D# R!#" !) O%.*. U)+$) $( I)+! O% AIR 11 SC 1@@?...................................17 L". C$,. S!!+ B!!)+ S+)- !) O% *. S"!"# $( R!;!"!) !) O%. 1? 6 SCC 10>....20 M S"#%,+"# I)&"%+# L". *. T!'+, N!& P$,,&"+$) C$)"%$, B$!% A#!, N$. >7 !) >@ $( 2016......................................................................................................................................62 M S"#%,+"# I)&"%+# L". *. U)+$) $( I)+! O%. 2016 4 SCC >7>................................1@ M!-!)3!+ I!%3!+ P!"#, *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1? SC
[email protected] M!!%!$ S!+3 S%+ B+' S+)-;+ O%. *. U)+$) $( I)+! UOI !) O%. AIR 1@4 SC 264........................................................................................................................................22 M!)#:! G!)+ *. U)+$) $( I)+!A)%. AIR 17@ SC >7................................................... 17 M!)#:! *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 17@ SC >7..........................................................................2> M!%&"+ S%+!"+ D&3!, *. S"!"# $( M!!%!"%! 1@7 1 B$' CR 4...................................2? MC M#"! *. =!'!, N!" O% *. =!'!, N!" O%. 1 4 C$'LJ 44 SC.............6> MC M#"! *. U)+$) $( I)+! 176SCC71>........................................................................1 MC M#"! *. U)+$) $( I)+! W%+" #"+"+$) /+*+, )$. 166@1 $( 1@4.....................................64 M+)#%*! M+,, L". !) O%.*. U)+$) $( I)+! UOI !) O%. AIR 1@0 SC 17@..........2 60 N!-! P#$,#9 M$*#'#)" $( H&'!) R+-" *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1@ SC 461.................21 N!)+)+ S&)!% !) O%. *. S"!"# $( C!""+-!% AIR 2011 SC 2@6....................................2? N!%'!! B!/!$ A)$,!) *. U)+$) $( I)+! !) O"#% & AIR 2000 SC 67>1........................27 N!"+$)!, H&'!) R+-" C$''++$) *. S"!"# $( A%&)!/!, P%!#............................. ...1? 17 N!"+$)!, H&'!) R+-" C$''++$) *. S"!"# $( A%&)!/!, P%!# AIR 1? SC 1264......17 ?
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
N!"&%# L$*#% M$*#'#)" *. S"!"# $( =#%!,! !) $"#% AIR 2006 =#%
[email protected]? O(($%# H$,+)- P*". L".*. B!)-!,$%# D#*#,$'#)" A&"$%+" !) O%. 2011 6 SCC 16 ..............................................................................................................................................20 O,-! T#,,+ *. B$'3! M&)+/+!, C$%$%!"+$) AIR 1@? SC
[email protected] 2 O' =&'!% *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR AIR 2000 SC 6?@........................................................... 2> O%+! C#'#)" L". M *. S"!"# $( O%+! AIR 11 SC 1?7?............................................21 P!)/!!" V!%-! S!%'!;+*+ S!'&!+: S!!:!%+ =#&" C$$#%!"+*# S$/+#" *. H!%+3!+ M#*!3!+ AIR 1? SC 2>7@............................................................................................. 2? P!"&''! !) O%.*. S"!"# $( =#%!,! !) O%. AIR 17@ SC 771...................................... ...2? P#$,#9 U)+$) ($% D#'$/%!"+/ R+-" *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1@2 SC 2660........................1> P%!(&,,! =&'!% M&:#%;## !) $"#% *. B!): $( C$''#%/# L". =&,)! AIR 147 PC ?0 ..............................................................................................................................................20 P%#'+&' G%!)+"# *. S"!"# $( T!'+, N!& AIR 14 SC 2266...............................................26 P&%"!3&% C$. *. C!)# C$''+$)#% AIR 171 SC 1@?.......................................................1? R. *. I)#/"$% $( P$,,&"+$) #5!%"# G%#!)#!/# L". 14 A,, ER 62...............................1> R.M.D. C!'!%3!&-!,,! *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1>7 SC
[email protected] R!'!:%+)! *. T#)$,:!% AIR 1>@ SC >6@.................................................................. .......26 S. P. G&"! *. P%#+#)" $( I)+! O%. AIR 1@2 SC 14............................................... .....1> S!:!!" A,+ *. S"!"# $( O%+! AIR 1>> SC 1??..................................................................2? S!"!)" S+)- S!)#*. D. R!'!%!")!' A+"!)" P!$%" O((+/#%O% AIR 1?7 SC 1@6?......................................................................................................................................17 S!&;!" A,+ *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 174 SC 1?61.....................................................................2> S!+:!)" L!5'!) =!,# !) A)%. *. U)+$) $( I)+! UOI !) A)%. AIR 10 SC 2114.....20 S+!%!' S!",+)-!! M#"%# *. S"!"# $( M!!%!"%! !) O%.AIR2011SC612.................17 S'$:# A((#/"# R#+#)" F$%&' *. M&)+/+!, C$%$%!"+$) $( G%#!"#% M&'3!+ !) O% 2002 4 B$'CR 47........................................................................................................... 64 S"!"# $( =!%)!"!:! V. S"!"# $( A)%! P%!# O%.AIR 2001 SC 1>?0..........................27 S"!"# $( =#%!,! !) O%.*. M!% A%!#'=&%+ C$'!) L". !) A)%. AIR 2012 SC 267>...1 S"!"# $( M!!%!"%! *. B!%!" S!)"+ L!, S! !) O%.200@ 16 SCC >............................20 S"!"# $( O%+! !) O%. *. M!!)!+ C$!,(+#, L". !) O%................................................20 S"!"# $( R!;!"!) *. G.C!,! AIR 1> SC >44.................................................................20 S&)!%!%!;!) *. U)+$) $( I)+! O%. 2016 ? SCC ?20..................................................... 62 S P##%!-# /!# T+)!, C.J. 11 CI. F. @> 110 111...................................................... 61 T.N. G$!*!%'!) T+%&'&,:! *. U)+$) $( I)+! !) $"#% AIR 17 SC 122@............... 6? T!"! I%$) S"##, C$. L". *. T# S"!"# $( B+!% $%.1@2PLJR@@.............................. ...22 T# S"!"# $( W#" B#)-!, *. A)!% A,+ S!%:!% AIR 1>2 SC 7>............................................24 T+%&&% D#+)- F!/"$% O)#% A$/+!"+$) *.N$!, R+*#% A!/&"!% P%$"#/"+$) A$/+!"+$) !) O%.AIR 2010 SC 6?4>............................................................................64 V#,,$%# C+"+#) W#,(!%# F$%&' *. U)+$) $( I)+! !) O% AIR 1? SC 271>.....................1 V#,,$%# C+"+#) W#,(!%# F$%&' *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1? SC 271>.................................. 66 V#,,$%# C+"+#) W#,(!%# F$%&' *. U)+$) $( I)+! CWPIL N$. 1> $( 2010........................... 66 V+!:! *. S"!"# $( R!;!"!) AIR 17 SC 6011...................................................................1@ V+!)!" C!"&%*#+ *. U)+$) $( I)+! 2007 4 SCC
[email protected]> V+!)!" C!"&%*#+ *. U)+$) $( I)+! 2007
[email protected]? 7
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
W#" B#)-!, *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR 1?6 SC 1241.................................................................20
@
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
I.
T# A#,,!)" N$. 1 ! !%$!/# "+ H$)93,# C$&%" &)#% A%"+/,# 162 $( "#
C$)"+"&"+$). L#!*# ! 3##) !//$%+)-, -%!)"#. II.
T# A#,,!)" N$. 2 ! !%$!/# "+ H$)93,# C$&%" &)#% A%"+/,# 62 $( "#
C$)"+"&"+$). L#!*# ! 3##) !//$%+)-, -%!)"#. III.
T# A#,,!)" N$. 6 ! !%$!/# "+ H$)93,# C$&%" &)#% A%"+/,# 62 $( "#
C$)"+"&"+$). L#!*# ! 3##) !//$%+)-, -%!)"#. IV.
T# A#,,!)" N$. 4 ! !%$!/# "+ H$)93,# C$&%" &)#% A%"+/,# 16? $( "#
C$)"+"&"+$). L#!*# ! 3##) !//$%+)-, -%!)"#.
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
STATEMENT OF FACTS
!.
T# '!"#%+!, /!# !%+# $&" $( ($&% #!%!"# /,!+' $irst ! /,!+' 3 "# F$%&' ($%
E)*+%$)'#)"!, R+-" #%#+)!("#% FER 3#($%# "# H+- C$&%" $( N#%&! !-!+)" "# G$*#%)'#)" $( A%#+!Q second ! ;$+)" /,!+' '!# 3 "# S"!"# $( A!,+ !) "# S"!"# $( P!%'!,! /!,,#)-+)- "# /$)"+"&"+$)!, *!,++" $( "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% A/" 2010Q t!ird ! /,!+' 3 "# 8S!*# "# F!%'#%9 F$%&'9 "!" "# (&)!'#)"!, %+-" $( "# #$,# $( "# S"!"# $( N$%'!)! !) "# S"!"# $( V+)! !*# 3##) *+$,!"#Q $o#rt! ! /,!+' 3 "# C#)"%# ($% E)*+%$)'#)"!,
R+-" !) A*$/!/ H#%#+)!("#% CERA "!" "# L+):+)- $( R+*#%
%$;#/" *+$,!"# "# #)*+%$)'#)"!, %+-" $( "# /+"+#) $( A%#+!. I. BAC$#ROUND 2.
A%#+! + ! S$&" A+!) /$&)"% +" ! %+""#) C$)"+"&"+$) !) ! (##%!, ($%' $(
G$*#%)'#)". T# ,! $( A%#+! !%# +) pari material "$ "# ,! $( I)+!. A )&'3#% $( %+*#% (,$ "%$&- "# ,!) $( A%#+! +/ !%# ##)"+!, "$ "# #/$)$' +/ %+'!%+, 3!# $) !-%+/&,"&%# !) (++)-. I) "# ,!" "$ #/!# (!+,&%# $( !-%+/&,"&%!, /%$ ! 3#/$'# ! '!;$% %$3,#' "$ $%"!-# $( !"#%. T+ ! /!&# '!) (!%'#% "$ 3# %#)#%# 3!):%&" !) '!) !*# /$''+""# &+/+#. I) ,+-" $( "+ +) 200 "# A%#+!) C+*+, L+3#%"+# U)+$) ACLU ! )$)-$*#%)'#)"!, $%-!)+!"+$) (+,# ! %+" #"+"+$) 3#($%# "# S&%#'# C$&%" $( A%#+! "%#+)- $) "# %#+/!'#)" $( "# #$,# $( A%#+! "$ /!%/+" $( !"#%. T# S&%#'# C$&%" +%#/"# "# G$*#%)'#)" $( A%#+! "$ /$)"+"&"# ! 8H+- L#*#, E5#%" C$''+""##9 "$ /$)+#% "# *+!3+,+" $( L+):+)- $( R+*#% !/%$ A%#+! ! #,, ! "# ($%'!"+$) $( !) E)*+%$)'#)"!, I'!/" A#'#)" 3$ "$ "& "# $"#)"+!, #)*+%$)'#)"!, !((#/". II.THE LIN$IN# OF R IVERS ACT, 2! 3.
I) D#/#'3#% 200 "# "$ /$''+""## #%# !$+)"#. O)# /$''+""## !
/$)"+"&"# ($% "&+)- "# %!/"+/!, #5+-#)/+# $( ,+):+)- %+*#% !)Q "# $"#% /$''+""## "$ !# "# $"#)"+!, #)*+%$)'#)"!, +'!/" $( &/ ! %$;#/". T# ,!""#% /$''+""## /$)+"# $( +)+*+&!, (%$' *!%+$& +)"#%#" -%$& &/ ! "# C#)"%!, G$*#%)'#)" S"!"# G$*#%)'#)" E)*+%$)'#)"!,+" #"/. P&%&!)" "$ ! (!*$&%!3,# %#$%" (%$' "# "$ C$''+""## "# L+):+)$( R+*#% A/" 2010 ! #)!/"# 3 "# C#)"%!, G$*#%)'#)". T# A/" %$*+# ($% "# ($%'!"+$) $( "# 8A&"$%+" ($% L+):+)- $( R+*#%9 ALR
+/ !,, 3# *#"# +" &/
$#% ! )#/#!% "$ +',#'#)" "# ,+):+)- $( %+*#% +) A%#+!.
10
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
III.THE CRITICISM ".
T# S"!"# G$*#%)'#)" !) *!%+$& NGO /%+"+/+# "# ,+):+)- $( %+*#% %$;#/" $)
"# -%$&) "!" +" $&, !*#%#, !((#/" "# #)*+%$)'#)" /!)-# /,+'!"+/ /$)+"+$) !) "!" "# #)"+%# %$;#/" ! $,+"+/!,, '$"+*!"# !) $&, +)*$,*# /$%%&"+$). H$#*#% "# G$*#%)'#)" #/+# "$ -$ !#! +" "# %$;#/" #+"# "# /%+"+/+' :##+)- "# %$#/"+*# 3#)#(+" +) '+). S&3#)", +) "#,#/!"# +)"#%*+# $'# '#'3#% $( "# !($%#'#)"+$)# EIA +*&,-# "!" "#%# ! $,+"+/!, %#&%# $) "#' "$ -+*# ! (!*$&%!3,# %#$%" "$ "# ,+):+)- $( %+*#% %$;#/". T+ !%:# #5"#)+*# %$"#" !-!+)" "# +',#'#)"!"+$) $( "# %$;#/". IV. THE FIRST PHASE %.
T# (+%" !# $( "# %$;#/" +)*$,*# #+-" +)"%!"!"# %+*#% +/ #%# "$ 3#
)#"$%:# !) '!# +)"#%"!"#. A'$)- "#' ! "# %+*#% 8B!%-!*+9 +/ ! ! "%!) 3$&)!% %+*#% !%# +" )#+-3$&%+)- /$&)"% B$%#+!. M$%#$*#% "# S"!"# $( V+)! ! "# ,!%-#" #",!) +) A%#+! !) +" ! (#!%# "!" "# %$;#/" $&, +%%#!%!3, !'!-# "# !'#. I) ,+-" $( "+ "# G$*#%)'#)" #/+# "$ #5/,&# V+)! (%$' "# %$;#/" +/ '#!)" "!" "# #$,# $( V+)! !) N$%'!)! $&, "+,, (!/# !"#% /!%/+". V. THE RESULTANT LITI#ATION .
P&%&!)" "$ "# !($%#'#)"+$)# (!/"&!, '!"%+5 "$ A%#+!) S"!"# '$*# "#
S&%#'# C$&%" /,!+'+)- "!" "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% A/" 2010 ! !) &)/$)"+"&"+$)!, #)/%$!/'#)" $) "# $#% $( "# S"!"#. D "$ "# )$)+)/,&+$) $( "# S"!"# $( V+)! +) "# %$;#/" 8S!*# "# F!%'#% F$%&'9 '$*# "# S&%#'# C$&%" $) "# -%$&) "!" "+ ! ! *+$,!"+$) $( "#+% (&)!'#)"!, %+-". A) +)"#%)!"+$)!, NGO #"+"+$)# "# H+- C$&%" $( N#%&! /$)"#)+)- "!" "# +)/,&+$) $( 8B!%-!*+9 $&, *+$,!"# "# (&)!'#)"!, %+-" $( "# #$,# $( B$%#+! "$ &3#)" +'+!, $( "# #"+"+$) "# !%# +) !#!, 3#($%# "# S&%#'# C$&%" .
11
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
STATEMENT OF ISSUES
!. W#"#% "# %+" #"+"+$) (+,# 3 "# FER !" "# H+- C$&%" $( N#%&! + '!+)"!+)!3,# 2. W#"#% < 6 $( "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% A/" 2010 + #ltra vires "# C$)"+"&"+$) $( A%#+! 3. W#"#% "# #5/,&+$) $( "# S"!"# $( V+)! (%$' "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% P%$;#/" *+$,!"#
"# (&)!'#)"!, %+-" $( "# #$,# $( V+)! !) N$%'!)! ". W#"#% "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% A/" 2010 *+$,!"# "# #)*+%$)'#)"!, %+-" $( /+"+#) $(
A%#+! !) "# %$*++$) $( "# F$%#" C$)#%*!"+$) A/" 1@0
12
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS
I. THAT THE WRIT PETITION FILED BEFORE THE HI#H COURT OF NERUDA IS MAINTAINABLE
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
C ONSTITUTION
ULTRA VIRES THE
OF ARESSIA
U)#% "# (##%!, "%&/"&%# $( A%#+! "# U)+$) !) "# S"!"# !%# /$'#"#)" "$ ,#-+,!"# ($% +((#%#)" #%#. I) $%#% "$ #'$)"%!"# "!" "# L+):+)- $( R+*#% A/" 2010 + #ltra vires "# C$)"+"&"+$) +" '&" 3# $) "!" "# S"!"# L#-+,!"&%# %##%*# "# #5/,&+*# /$'#"#)/# +" %#-!% "$ "# &3;#/"'!""#% $( "# ,#-+,!"+$). T$ "+ #) +" + !%- "!" 2.1 "# 8+" !) &3"!)/#9 $( < 6 ,+# +"+) "# 3$&) $( L+" II $( "# S#*#)" S/#&,# 3#/!&# "# 8$3;#/"9 8/$#9 !) 8#((#/"9 $( "# A/" !%# +"+) "# $'!+) $( "# S"!"# L#-+,!"&%# 2.2 "!" )$ %#$,&"+$) &)#% !%"+/,# 2>2 #%# !# 3 "# "!"# ,#-+,!"&%# ! /$)"+"&"+$)!,, '!)!"# +) "# #*#)" "!" "# U)+$) !)" "$ ,#-+,!"# &$) ! &3;#/"'!""#% #)&'#%!"# +) "# S"!"# L+". III. THAT THE E(CLUSION OF VINDHYA FROM THE LIN$IN# OF R IVERS PRO)ECT IS VIOLATIVE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RI#HTS OF CITI*ENS OF VINDHIYA AND NORMANDA.
I',#'#)"!"+$) $( "# %$;#/" +) "# "!"# $( V+)+! ! *+$,!"# (&)!'#)"!, %+-" &)#% A%"+/,# 14 !) A%"+/,# 21 $( "# /+"+#) $( V+)+! !) N$%'!)! ! 6.1 "# %+-" "$ #&!,+" ! 3##) *+$,!"# "$ !%3+"%!% +',#'#)"!"+$) $( %$;#/" +) $'# "!"# !) )$" $"#%. A%3+"%!%+)# + !)"+"#"+/!, "$ "# %$/# $( #&!,+"Q !)6.2 %+-" "$ ,+(# !) ,+3#%" 16
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
! 3##) *+$,!"# "$ ! *+$,!"+$) +) "# %+-" "!" !*# 3##) %#! &)#% A.21 &/ ! R+-" "$ W!"#% R+-" "$ B!+/ N#/#+"+# R+-" "$ S$/+!, J&"+/# !) E/$)$'+/ E'$#%'#)" R+-" "$ L+*#,+$$ !) R+-" "$ W$%:. IV.THAT THE LIN$IN# OF R IVERS ACT, 2! VIOLATES THE ENVIRONMENTAL RI#HTS OF CITI*ENS OF ARESSIA AND THE PROVISIONS OF THE AOREST +CONSERVATION
ACT, !-8.
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
14
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
ARGUMENTSADANCED 1. THAT THE WRIT PETITION FILED WITH THE HIGH COURT OF NERUDA IS MAINTAINABLE
!. W%+"J&%++/"+$)$("#H+-C$&%"9(,$(%$'A%"+/,#22?1+//$)(#%+#$#%#)!3,+)
-"#C$&%""$+%+"+%#/"+$)$%#%($%"##)($%/#'#)"$((&)!'#)"!,$%,#-!,%+-".2T# #5#%/+#$(%+";&%++/"+$)3"#H+-C$&%"++/%#"+$)!%+))!"&%#.6I"+&3'+""#"!""#%+" #"+"+$)+'!+)"!+)!3,#
$)
%+'!%+,
"%##
-%$&)
1.1.
T!""#8F$%&'($%E)*+%$)'#)"!,R+-"9!loc#sstandi"$ (+,# "# %##)" #"+"+$)Q 1.2. T!""#%+-""$!#!,"#)*+%$)'#)"!),+*#,+$$&)#%A%"+/,#21'!"!)*+$,!"#Q!)1.6. T!"+)/,&+)-"#%+*#%8B!%-!*+9+)"#L+):+)-$(R+*#%P%$;#/"'!*+$,!"#C&"$'!%I)"#%) !"+$)!,L!. 1.1. THAT
THE
FORUM
FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHT
HAS LOCUS STANDI TO FILE THE
PRESENT PETITION
2. I)&3,+/,!"#%&,#"!"$),"#!--%+#*##%$)+#)"+",#"$##:;&+/+!,%#%#!3##),+3#%
!,+#"$+)/,&#!)&3,+/ +%+"#+)+*+&!,$%!$/+!"+$).4I)/!#!/,!$(#$,#!*#!/$,,#/"+*#-%+#*!)/##*#)!) &)%#/$-)+#!$/+!"+$)'!+)+"+!"#%+"%$/##+)-.>I)E)-,!)'reenpeace!-%!)"#" !)+)-$)"#3!+"!""#!%#!/"+)-+)&3,+/+)"#%#"%!"#%"!)($%"#+%$)'#'3#%.?I)+)"! )/#$(&3,+/%$)-$%+);&%+(!)!/"$%$'++$)3"#S"!"#%&)/$)"%!%"$"#C$)"+"&"+$)"# )!)'#'3#%$("#&3,+/!loc#sstandi.7I)Vis!anat!C!at#rvedi *.Uniono$India@+"!3## )$3#%*#"!"+)#"#%'+)+)-"#"+$)$( loc#sstandi+)8&3,+/+)"#%#",+"+-!"+$)9"#C$&%"' 1A%"+/,#22?C$)"+"&"+$)$(I)+!. 2H.M.SEERVAICONSTITUTIONALLAWOFI NDIA4"#.*$,.22007!".1>@?. 6D.D. BASU COMMENTARY ON THE CONSTITUTION OF I NDIA C.=. T!::#% S.S. S&3%!'!)+ T. S. D$!3+! B. P. B!)#%;## #. V$,. ? @" #. 2012 . ??14. 4S.P.G&"!*.P%#+#)"$(I)+!O%.AIR1@2SC14!"14 2>#%P.N.B!-!"+J.QB!)!+S#*!A%!'*.S"!"#$(U.P.AIR1@7SC674. >A:+,B!%"+!S$+"=!%!'/!%+S!)-R,.*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1@1SC2@!"?6#%=%+)!I#%. ?R.*.I)#/"$%$(P$,,&"+$)#5!%"#G%#!)#!/#L".14A,,ER62QR.STECHACARROTANDSTIC=APPROACH A NANALYSISOFTHEU=GOVERNMENT SPROPOSALSONENVIRONMENTALJUDICIALREVIEW J$&%)!,$(E)*+%$)'#)"!, R#*+#V$,.1>22016.16140. 7P#$,#9U)+$)($%D#'$/%!"+/R+-"*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1@2SC2660!"10. @V+!)!"C!"&%*#+*.U)+$)$(I)+!20074SCC6@0.
1
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
&",$$:+)"$+"#/%##)"+!,$("#!,+/!)"Q++ prima$acie/$%%#/")#$(+)($%'!"+$)Q ++++)($%'!"+$)$&,$(!+,&%#$(&3,+/&"+*'&")$"-$+)"$'#%+"$("#/!#. 3. I)"#%##)"/!#FER+!)+)"#%)!"+$)!,NGO+/!!%##)/#+)A%#+!.10T#/,!+''!# 3"#FER%#,!"#"$+#%#!&3,+/-%+#*!)/#/!#)*+%$)'#)"!,!%'!),$$(,+*#,+ $$.11T# prima$acie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loc#sstandi"$(+,#"#%+"#"+"+$). 1.2. THATTHERIGHTTOAHEALTHYENVIRONMENTANDLIVELIHOODUNDER ARTICLE 21MAYSTANDV IOLATED
%. I("#%+-"-&!%!)"##&)#%
A.
21"!)"$3#*+$,!"#+"+$#)($%"#!--%+#*##%$)"$##:;&+/+!,%#%#&)#% 22?.1?I"+#%#+)&3'+""#"!""#(&)!'#)"!,%+-"&)#% A. 21'!"!)+)(%+)-#.
V+!)!"C!"&%*#+*.U)+$)$(I)+!20074SCC6@0!"2760. 10F!/"##"14. 11I3+. 12F!/"##">1>16. 16B#)-!,I''&)+"C$.*.S"!"#$(B+!%AIR1>>SC??1!"@. 14P&%"!3&%C$.*.C!)#C$''+$)#%AIR171SC1@?!"24. 1>F!/"##"?@14. 1?D.=.B!&*.S"!"#$(W#"B#)-!,AIR17SC?10!"4?4@.
2
A.
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
1.2.1 T!" "# !'3+" $( A. 21 + )$" ,+'+"# "$ /+"+#) $( A%#+!. . T#(&)!'#)"!,%+-"&)#%
A.
21#5"#)"$!,,#%$)%!"#%"!);&"/+"+#)$("#/$&)"%.17I) (ational)#manRig!tsCommi ssion*.Stateo$Ar#nac!alPrades!1@+"!$3#%*#"!"+"!"#/$)"+"&"+$)!,&"$("#"!"#" $!(#-&!%"#,+(##!,"!)#,, 3#+)-$(!($%#+-)-%$&/!,,#C!akmas+/!'+-%!"#+)"$A%&)!/!,P%!#.1T#!+%+ -"3#+)-'!#!*!+,!3,#"$!,,#$,#%#-!%,#$(/+"+#)+($%'"#3!+$(!/+*+,+#$/+#" !)!!$"#(%$'"#A'#%+/!)C$)"+"&"+$).20I"+$%"$()$"#"!""+%+-"'!)$"3## %+*#3&"3%$/#&%##"!3,+#3,!Q21!)&/,!'!)$"3#!%3+"%!%/!%+/+$&$%&)%#! $)!3,#.22I)"#+)"!)"/!#"#%+-"+/!*#3##)&%$%"#"$3#!((#/"#!%#"$#$("#/+"+ #)$(B$%#+!.26I"+&'3,&3'+""#"!"#*#)"$&-"##$,#$(B$%#+!'!)$"3#/+"+#) $(A%#+!"#!%#"+,,%$"#/"#+"+)"#!'3+"$(A%"+/,#21!)'!"+$)!,!#%+*+)-" #'$("#!'#. 1.2.2 T!" A%"+/,# 21 #5"#) 3#$) "# "#%%+"$%+!, ,+'+" $( A%#+!. . I)SatantSing!Sa!ney24+"!3##)#,"!""#%+-""$"%!*#,!3%$!+!)+)"#-%!,!%"$(#%$
)!,%+-"!)+#5#%/+!3,#$&"+#"#"#%%+"$%$(I)+!.2>T#$%#%$("#P!$%"O((+/#%+/%# (&#"$+!!$%""$"##"+"+$)#%!"%&/:$)!&)/$)"+"&"+$)!,.2?T#!+*+#!3 ##)&#,+) *aneka'and!i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id, 27M!)#:!G!)+*.U)+$)$(I)+!A)%.AIR17@SC>7. 2@M!)#:!G!)+*.U)+$)$(I)+!A)%.AIR17@SC>7!"7674.
6
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
)$(P!%"III"$"#"#%%+"$%$(I)+!.2T+$+"+$)$(,!+!)!,$-$&"$"!"$(A'#%+/!#%#+)"# %#!%#)$+)#%#)"-#$-%!+/!,,+'+"!"+$)"$"#B+,,$(R+-".60T&#+"#"#(!/""!""##$ ,#$(B$%#+!%#+#$&"+#"#"#%%+"$%+!,,+'+"$(A%#+!61"#S"!"#$(A%#+!'!)$"+)(%+)-#& $)"#+%%+-""$,+(#3&"3%$/#&%##"!3,+#3,!. 1.2.6T!""#%+-""$!#!,"#)*+%$)'#)"!),+*#,+$$!%#%##)"+"+)"#!&+/#$(A%"+/,#21 . 8. T#S&%#'#C$&%"+)!)&'3#%$(+)"!)/#!%#/$-)+#"#%+-""$!#!,"#)*+%$)'#)"!
!%"$("#%+-"!%"+/&,!"#&)#%A%"+/,#21.62I)SterliteInd#stries*.U-I 66+"!$3#%*#"!"3* +%"$(
A.
21!)+)&"%+/$#)$"'##""#"!)!%$(#'++$)+/!%#)#/#!%($%!#!,"#)*+ %$)'#)"'!3#/,$#$).64I)"#+)"!)"/!#+"+&%$%"#"!""#,+):+)-$("#%+*#%8B!%-! *+9$&,,#!"$#"%&/"+$)$(($%#"!)+,,+(#!)&3'#%-#)/#$(#",!).6> -. F&%"#%'$%#"#%+-""$,+*#,+$$!!,$3##)%#!+)"$"#/$)"+"&"+$)!,-&!%!)"##&)#%
A.
21.6?I"!3##)$3#%*#"!"+)+)"#%%#"+)-8,+(#9+)"#"%+/"#)#+"$&"+)/,&+)-,+*#,+$$ $&,%#)#%"#%+-"'#!)+)-,#+)/#)$3$/$&,,+*#+"$&"'#!)$(,+*#,+$$.67I"!3## )/,!+'#3"#FER"!""#,+*#,+$$$("$&!)$((+#%'#)+)B$%#+!$&,3#!((#/"#3 "#,+):+)-$(8B!%-!*+9.6@ !. I),+-"$("#!3$*#+"+&'3,&3'+""#"!""#/$)"+"&"+$)!,-&!%!)"##&)#%
A.
21#5"#)"$"##$,#$(B$%#+!!)!%+"#"+"+$)%#-!%+)-"#+%,+-"'!)$"3#%#,+'+)!%+ ,%#;#/"#. 1.3. 2M!)#:!G!)+*.U)+$)$(I)+!A)%.AIR17@SC>7!"7?. 60L!:!%B$&'#+#)##"#"!,.*.G#$%-#W.B&#"!,.
[email protected]".222200@120124QCHRISTOPHER S. FORD R IGHTS A ND R EMEDIES U NDER THE CONSTITUTION EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUSD&:#J$&%)!,O(C$)"+"&"+$)!,L!P&3,+/P$,+/S#/+!,IV$,.7N$.22012.2?. 61F!/"##". 62JUSTICE T. S. DOABIA E NVIRONMENTAL I NDIAW!!N!-&%V$,&'#11"#.200>.?.
66MS"#%,+"#I)&"%+#L".*.U)+$)$(I)+!O%.20164SCC>7>. 64MS"#%,+"#I)&"%+#L".*.U)+$)$(I)+!O%.20164SCC>7>!"6>. 6>F!/"##"14. 6?D.=.Y!!**.J.M.A.I)&"%+#AIR1@?SC1@01614. 67O,-!T#,,+*.B$'3!M&)+/+!,C$%).AIR1@?SC1@062. 6@F!/"##"14.
4
POLLUTION
LAWS
IN
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
THATINCLUDINGTHERIVER ‘BHARGAVI’INTHELINKINGOFRIVERSPROJECTMAYVIOLATE CUST OMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW.
!!. T#I)+!)C$)"+"&"+$)&%-#"#S"!"#"$$)$&%+"+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!!)"%#!"$3,+-!"+$)6+
/!%#&)#%"$$!/%#!"+)-8,#-+"+'!"##5#/"!"+$)9$("#+%$3#%*!)/#.40T#S&%#'#C$&%" !%#-&,!%,+'$%"#+)"#%)!"+$)!,)$%'#%#"#%#+!-!+)$'#"+/,!.41T#8$/"%+)#$( +)/$%$%!"+$)9
!3##)+',#'#)"#+)"#I)+!),#-!,"#'
!//$%+)-"$+/%&,#$(+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!3#/$'#!%"$( $'#"+/ ,!.42 !2. T#/&"$'!%+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!$/"%+)#$(8&"!+)!3,##*#,$'#)"9!)8%#/!&"+$)!%%+) /+,#9!*#3##)%#!+)"$"#C$)"+"&"+$)$(I)+!46!)"#%#3A%#+!.44I) *C*e!tav,Uniono $India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§ 3 OF THE LINKING OF RIVERS ACT 21 IS ULTRA VIRES THE CONSTITUTION OF ARESSIA
6A%"+/,# >1/ C$)"+"&"+$) A%#+!QH+H$,+)#=#!*!)!)!B!%!"+S%+!!-!,*!%&*.S"!"#$(=#%!,!AIR176SC14?1!"1?4.
$(
40V+!:!*.S"!"#$(R!;!"!)AIR17SC6011!"14. 41SHAMNAD B ASHEER PRASHANT R EDDY D UC=ING TRIPS IN I NDIA A SAGA I NVOLVING N OVARTIS AND THE LEGALITY OF SECTION 6D20 N!"+$)!, L! S/$$, $( I)+! R#*+#161142200@. 42V+!:!*S"!"#$(R!;!"!)AIR17SC601114QG%!'$$)#C$'!)$(I)+!*.B+%#)%!B!!&%P!)#AIR 1@4SC??764QM!-!)3!+I!%3!+P!"#,*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1?SC7@67. 46V#,,$%#C+"+#)W#,(!%#F$%&'*.U)+$)$(I)+!!)O%AIR1?SC271>!"14 1>QA.P.P$,,&"+$)C$)"%$,B$!%*.P%$(.M.V.N!!&R#".O%.AIR1SC@1260. 44 F!/"##" N$"# 1. 4>MCM#"!*.U)+$)$(I)+!176SCC71>. 4?MCM#"!*.U)+$)$(I)+!176SCC71>!". 47F!/"##" 14. 4@F!/"##" !" 1>.
>
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
!3. A!/$'$)#)"$("#F##%!,S"%&/"&%#$("#C$)"+"&"+$)$(A%#+!,#-+,!"+*#$#%!*#3##
)+*+#3#"##)"#P!%,+!'#)"!)S"!"#L#-+,!"&%#.4T#/$'#"+)-,#-+,!"&%#'!)$"+)( %+)-#&$)"##!/$"#%9,#-+,!"+*#$'!+).>0T#/$)"+"&"+$)!,vires$(<6$("#L+):+)-$(R+* #%A/"#%#+)!("#%"#+'&-)#A/"!3##)/!,,#)-#$)"#-%$&)$(,#-+,!"+*#/$'#"# )/#.>1I"+&3'+""#"!""#!+%$*++$)!%##ltravires"#C$)"+"&"+$)!2.1"#8+"!)&3 "!)/#9$(<6,+#+"+)"#3$&)$(L+"II$("#S#*#)"S/#&,#!)2.2"!")$%#$,&"+$)&) #%!%"+/,#2>2#%#!#3"#"!"#,#-+,!"&%#!/$)"+"&"+$)!,,'!)!"#. 2.1 THAT § 3
OF THE LINKING OF RIVERS ACT IN ‘PITH AND SUBSTANCE ’ FALLS WITHIN
THE E!CLUSIVE LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE STATES
!". T#$/"%+)#$(8+"!)&3"!)/#9+$)#$("#:#%+)/+,#$(+)"#%%#"!"+$)&#"$/$)"%#)
"%+#/,!+(+#&)#%"#"%##,+"$("#S#*#)"S/#&,#$("#C$)"+"&"+$).>2I)$%#%"$#"#%' +)##"#%!!%"+/&,!%"!"&"#/$'#+"+)"#&%*+#$($)#,#-+,!"&%#$%"#$"#%"#+"!) &3"!)/#$("##)!/"'#)"+"$3#,$$:#+)"$.>6I("#8"%)!"&%#!)/!%!/"#%9$(!,#-+,!"+$)(!,, $&"+#"##%'++3,#,+'+"!+-)#"$"#%##/"+*#,#-+,!"&%#"#)&/,!+#ltravires"# /$)"+"&"+$).>4O),"#$((#)+)-!%"$("#A/"'!3##/,!%#+)*!,++)/!#+"+&((+/+#)",# !%!3,#(%$'"#%#"$("#A/".>>T#%#,#*!)"(!/"$%+/'&"3#/$)+#%#"$!/#%"!+)"#+" !)&3"!)/#$(!"!"&"#!%#+"#$3;#/"!)&%$#Q++"#/$#!)Q +++"##((#/"$("#%$*++$).>? 2.1.1. T# $3;#/" !) &%$# $( "# +'&-)# #/"+$) %#,!"# "$ &3;#/" #5/,&+*#, #)&'#%!"# +) L+" II $( "# S#*#)" S/#&,#
4D.D.BASUCOMMENTARYONTHECONSTITUTIONOFI NDIA C.=.T!::#%S.S.S&3%!'!)+T.S.D$!3+!B.P.B!)#%;###.V$,.@@"#.2012 . @?2? >0S"!"#$(=#%!,!!)O%.*.M!%A%!#'=&%+C$'!)L".!)A)%.AIR2012SC267>12. >1F!/"##"10. >2D.D.BASUCOMMENTARYONTHECONSTITUTIONOFI NDIA C.=.T!::#%S.S.S&3%!'!)+T.S.D$!3+!B.P.B!)#%;###.V$,.10@"#.2012 . 11761. >6J!'#N.G&!%*.S"!"#$(M!!%!"%!!)O%.AIR200>SC@?2!"@@QP%!(&,,!=&'!%M&:#%;##!)$"#%*.B! ):$(C$''#%/#L".=&,)!AIR147PC?0!"6>6@. >4S"!"#$(M!!%!"%!*.B!%!"S!)"+L!,S!!)O%.200@16SCC>!"60. >>L".C$,.S!!+B!!)+S+)-!)O%*.S"!"#$(R!;!"!)!)O%. 1?6SCC10>!"@.R.M.D.C!'!%3!&-!,,!*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1>7SC?2@!">. >?O(($%#H$,+)-P*".L".*.B!)-!,$%#D#*#,$'#)"A&"$%+"!)O%. 20116SCC16!"?4QA.S.=%+)!*.S"!"#$(M!%!AIR1>7SC27!"1?.
?
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
!%. I)Stateo$Ra.ast!an*.',C!ala&/0 -+*+)-+-)+(+/!)"+'$%"!)/#"$"#$3;#/"$(,#-+,!"+$)+)#"
#%'+)+)-+"+"!)&3"!)/#>@+"!#,"!"!,#-+,!"+$)/$)"%$,,+)-"#&#$(!',+(+#%! &3,+/#!,",#-+,!"+$)&)#%L+"II%!"#%"!)!3%$!/!"+)-,#-+,!"+$)&)#%L+"I.>I)$%#%"$ #"#%'+)#"#$3;#/"!)&%$#$(!"!"&"##'!%#(#%"$"#/+%/&'"!)/#+/%#*!+,#!"" #"+'#!))#/#+"!"#"#!+)-$("#A/".?0I)Stateo$WestBengal *.Uniono$India?1"##5+"+ )-#!%"$(/$!,+)"#/$&)"%!#"#C$&%"9&)#%"!)+)-$("#$3;#/"$(C$!,B#!%+)-A%#! A/&++"+$)!)D#*#,$'#)"A/"1>7.?2 !. W#'&"%#(#%"$"#*!%+$&,#-+,!"+*#(+#,&)#%"##*#)"/#&,#"$!/#%"!+)+/&3;#/" '!""#%(!,,&)#%"##5/,&+*#/$'#"#)/#$("#S"!"#.?6E)"%17$("#S"!"#L+"#'$#%"# S"!"#L#-+,!"&%#"$#)!/",!%#,!"+)-"$!"#%+"&,+%%+-!"+$)%!+)!-#interalia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
>7S"!"#$(R!;!"!)*.G.C!,!AIR1>SC>44. >@S"!"#$(R!;!"!)*.G.C!,!AIR1>SC>44!"14. >S"!"#$(R!;!"!)*.G.C!,!AIR1>SC>44!"1>. ?0S!+:!)"L!5'!)=!,#!)A)%.*.U)+$)$(I)+!UOI!)A)%.AIR10SC2114!"1?S"!"#$(O%+!!)O%.*. M!!)!+C$!,(+#,L".!)O%.!">7. ?1W#"B#)-!,*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1?6SC1241. ?2W#"B#)-!,*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1?6SC1241!"7. ?6M.P.JAINI NDIANCONSTITUTIONALLAWJ&"+/#R&'!P!,S!'!%!+"!P!,#.?"#.2010 . >66. ?4E)"%17L+"IIS#*#)"S/#&,#C$)"+"&"+$)$(A%#+!. ?>F!/"##"12. ??F!/"##"6?. ?7F!/"##"@.
7
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
!8. T#'#!)+)-!)+'$%"$("#%$*++$)$(!)A/"!*#"$3##)&+%#+)"$+)$%#%"$#"#%'+)#+"
/$#.?@T#/$#$(!!%,+!'#)"!%"!"&"#'&")$"(!,,+"+)"#!'3+"$(,#-+,!"+*#(+#,#)& '#%!"#+)L+"II.?T#&,$(!"#%+!&3;#/" '!""#%+"+)"#!'3+"$(E)"%17$(L+"II.70H$#*#%"#$#%"$,#-+,!"#&)#%E)"%17$(L+ "II+&3;#/""$E)"%>?$(L+"I.71T&#'&"!/#%"!+)"#+)"#% %#,!"+$)+3#"##)"#!($%#'#)"+$)##)"%+#. !-. I)"##*#)""!"!)#)"%&)#%L+"II/$)(#%!-#)#%!,$#%"$S"!"#L#-+,!"&%##%#!#/+(+/ $#%%#,!"+)-"$"#!'#&3;#/" '!""#%!3##)/$)(#%%#"$"#P!%,+!'#)"&)#%L+"I72"#)"#-#)#%!,$#%$&,3#,+'+"#" $"##5"#)"$("##/+!,$#% .76I) 1eralaS*T2 * .1eralaTB-74+"!#,"!""#S"!"#$&, !*#"##5/,&+*#$#%"$,#-+,!"#+"%##/""$(+#%+#+"+)"#+%"#%%+"$%+!,3$%#%.7>S+' +,!%, InRe3Ca#veryWater4isp#tesTri+#nal 7?+"%##/""$!"#%+"!$3#%*#"!""#S"!"# !"##5/,&+*#$#%"$,#-+,!"#+"%#-!%"$!"#%+/!%##)"$,#,+"+)+""#%%+"$ %+!,,+'+".77I)"#%##)"/!#<6$("#L+):+)-$(R+*#%A/"%#,!"#"$"#&,!)!//#+3+,+" $(!"#%.7@T#%+*#%+//$'#+"+)"#/$#$("#%$*++$)!%#+)"%! "!"#%+*#%.7T#%#3+"+&3'+""#"!""#/$#$(<6,+#+"+)"##5/,&+*#!'3+"$(S"!"#L#+,!"&%#.
?@O%+!C#'#)"L".M*.S"!"#$(O%+!AIR11SC1?7?!"67. ?N!-!P#$,#9M$*#'#)"$(H&'!)R+-"*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR1@SC461!"2>. 70S#pra N$.1QS##!,$D%.R!!:%+)!C$ $#%!"+*#H$&+)-S$/+#"L+'+"#H$&%H&3,+!)O%.*.G$*#%)'#)"$(=!%)!"!:!H$&+)-!)U%3!)D#*#,$'#) "D#!%"'#)"B!)-!,$%#!)O%. 12=!%LJ?67!"@. 71S#pra N$.1@!">>1. 72F$%#5!',#E)"%171@2666$(L+"II,+'+"#3E)"%>?6>4?0$(L+"I%##/"+*#,. 76I)&B&!)B$#*.R!'!S&)!%+D#3+AIR170SC22@!" 12. 74=#%!,!S!"!)"%!M!,!!T$+,!,+F##%!"+$)!)O%.*.=#%!,!T%!,)#"B$!"O#%!"$%A$/+!"+$)!)O%. 14>SCC2@. 7>=#%!,!S!"!)"%!M!,!!T$+,!,+F##%!"+$)!)O%.*.=#%!,!T%!,)#"B$!"O#%!"$%A$/+!"+$)!)O%. 14>SCC2@!"4. 7?I)R#C!&*#%W!"#%D+&"#T%+3&)!,AIR12SC>>2. 77I)R#C!&*#%W!"#%D+&"#T%+3&)!,AIR12SC>>2!"47>0. 7@F!/"##"?. 7F!/"##".
@
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
2.1.6.T#E((#/"$("#+'&-)##/"+$)%#,!"#"$&3;#/"#5/,&+*#,#)&'#%!"#+)L+"II$("#S#* #)"S/#&,# 2. R#(,#/"+)-"#$3;#/"!)&%$#$(<6"#$"#)+3,##((#/"+/"#%$*++$)$&,!*#$&,
3#$)'!""#%+"+)"#!&+/#$("#S"!"#L+"+/!%#!"#%!-%+/&,"&%#&3,+/#!,".@0F&% "#%'$%#"##)($%/#'#)"$("#+'&-)##/"+$)'!!,$,#!"$"#!,+)+!"+$)$((#%"+,#!-%+/ &,"&%!,,!)!#,,!/!&#!#/%#!#+)(+#%+#.@1 2!. I"+"#%#($%#&3'+""#"!""#8+"!)&3"!)/#9$("#+'&-)##/"+$),+#+"+)"#,#-+,!" +*#$'!+)$("#S"!"#L#-+,!"&%#. 2.2. THATNORESOLUTIONSUNDER ARTICLE 2"2WEREPASSEDBYTHESTATELEGISLATURESASCON STITUTIONALLYMANDATED
22. T#$#%"$,#-+,!"#+"%##/""$&3;#/"
'!""#%#)&'#%!"#+"+)"#S"!"#L+"'!3#*#"#+)P!%,+!'#)"+(#+%#3"#S"!"#"%$&!%#$,&"+$)!#3"#S"!"#L#-+,!"&%#.@2I)TataIron5SteelCo,Ltd,*.T!eStateo$Bi!ar5 -rs,&67+"!#,"!"P!%,+!'#)"!,#-+,!"+*#,/$'#"#)""$#)!/""#W!"#%P%#*#)"+$)!)C $)"%$,$(P$,,&"+$)C#A/"177"$%#$,&"+$)"$"!"#((#/"3#+)-!#3S"!"#L#-+,!"&% #!'!)!"#3A%"+/,#2>2.@4 23. I)"#+)"!)"/!#"#S"!"#G$*#%)'#)"!*#)$"!#"#%#&++"#%#$,&"+$)&)#% 2>2.@>
A
A.
"#!&"$%+""$,#-+,!"#+"%#-!%"$interalia+)"%!
"!"#%+*#%!)$"3##)*#"#+"P!%,+!'#)"+"+&3'+""#"!"<6$("#
+'&-)#
A/"+&)/$)"+"&"+$)!,. 3.THATTHEE!CLUSIONANDNON# IMPLEMENTATIONOFLINKINGOFRIVERPROJECTFORTHESTATEOFVINDHIYA ISVIOLATIVEOFTHEFUNDAMENTALRIGHTSOFCITI$ENSOFVINDHIYAANDN ORMANDA.
2". I"+&'3,&3'+""#"!"+),+-"$("#3#,$'#)"+$)#,!/!#!)!%-&'#)""##5/,&+
$)!))$)
@0F!/"##"12?@. @1F!/"##"7. @2A%"+/,#2>2C$)"+"&"+$)$(A%#+!.M!!%!$S!+3S%+B+'S+)-;+O%.*.U)+$)$(I)+!UOI!)O%.AIR1@ 4SC264!"242>. @6T!"!I%$)S"##,C$.L".*.T#S"!"#$(B+!%$%.1@2PLJR@@. @4T!"!I%$)S"##,C$.L".*.T#S"!"#$(B+!%$%.1@2PLJR@@@. @>F!/"##".
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
+',#'#)"!"+$)$(L+):+)-$(R+*#%P%$;#/"+)"#S"!"#$(V+)+!+*+$,!"+*#$(A.14!)A.21$( "#(&)!'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#)$("#S"!"#$(V+)+!!)N$%'!)!.T##%+-"#'3$ +)-"#D+%#/"+*#P%+)/+,#$("#-$*#%)'#)"!*#3##)-&!%!)"##3"#C$)"+"&"+$)$(I)+! &)#%A.16.@? 3.1. THATARTICLE 1%HASBEENVIOLATED.
6.1.1 T!"E5#/&"+*#O%#%!%#/$)+#%#L!!)!W%+"P#"+"+$)!#!-!+)""#!'#+'!+)"!+)!3,#. 6.1.1.1. T!" E5#/&"+*# O%#% !%# /$)+#%# ,!. 25.
I) IndraSa!neyv,Uniono$India@7"#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$&%"#,"!"8E5#/&"+*#$%#%+)$,
#!,!&)#%A%"+/,#166.@@ 2. T&#*#)+("#"!"&"#+//$)(#%%#$#%"$"##5#/&"+*#+)$"+/%+'+)!"$%"##5#/&"+* #$%#%+/#%+*#+"$#%(%$'"#"!"&"#/!)3#/!,,#)-#&)#%A.14$)"#-%$&)$(3#+ )-+/%+'+)!"$%@$%!%3+"%!%0!A.14$#)$"!,,$"#S01 "$+/%+'+)!"#3#"##)#%$) .1 2. F&%"#%'$%#8S"!"#9
#(+)#
&)#%A.12+)/,&#
"#L#-+,!"&%#!)E5#/&"+*#$(3$""#C#)"%#!)"#S"!"#!)$"#%#5#/&"+*#!&"$%+"+#+" +)"#"#%%+"$%+#$(I)+!. 28. 8A%"+/,#14"#%#($%#+!)+);&)/"+$)"$3$""#,#-+,!"+*#!#,,!"##5#/&"+*#$%-!)$("#S" !"#!)"#$"#%&3$%+)!"#!&"$%+"+#.I"%$"#/"&(%$'3$",#-+,!"+*#!)#5#/&"+*#"%!)) 3!$(+/%+'+)!"+$),9%: 2-. T#"%+,$-($%'#3A%"+/,#1216!)14#)&%#)$) +/%+'+)!"+$)+)S"!"#!/"+$)+)"##%#$(3$",#-+,!"+$)!)#5#/&"+$)+)I)+!.6
@?=. JANA=I=UTTYAMMA FUNDAMENTAL R IGHTS I N R ELATION TO THE CONSTITUTIONT#I)+!)J$&%)!,$(P$,+"+/!,S/+#)/#V$,.N$.26A%+,KS#"#'3#%14@.126. @7I)%!S!)# *. U)+$) $( I)+! AIR16SC477. @@I)%!S!)# *. U)+$) $( I)+! & AIR16SC477>27. @R!'!:%+)!*.T#)$,:!%AIR1>@SC>6@>>0. 0P%#'+&'G%!)+"#*.S"!"#$(T!'+,N!&AIR14SC2266. 1B!#!%N!"*.T#C$''++$)#%$(I)/$'#T!5D#,+R!;!"!) ,AIR1>SC142>. 2 I+id, 6T#S"!"#$(W#"B#)-!,*.A)!%A,+S!%:!%AIR1>2SC7>@.
10
I NDIAN
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
3. T&#)!)#5#/&"+*#$%#%*+$,!"#(&)!'#)"!,%+-"+"+,,3#&!#3"#;&+/+!%!"$
:##"##5/##$("##5#/&"+*#!"3!.4T#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$&%"+"#%#$+"$%$((&)!' #)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#).> 6.1.1.2. T!"!%+"#"+"+$)!-!+)""##5#/&"+*#$%#%!#3G$*#%)'#)"$(A%#+!+'!+)"!+)!3,# 3!. I)"#%##)"/!#"#G$*#%)'#)"$(A%#+!!+%#/"#"#ALR ?($%'&,!"#3<66$("#L+
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
6.1.2. T!""##5#/&"+*#$%#%$(#5/,&+$)*+$,!"#"#%+-""$#&!,+"!#)*+!-#&)#% A%"+/,# 14. 6.1.2.1. T!" A.14 -&!%!)"## "# /+"+#) $( S"!"# $( V+)+! !) N$%'!)! "# %+-" "$ 3# "%#!"# #&!,, +" "$# (!%'#% +) "# %#" $( I)+!. 33. A.14+%#!!!$+"+*#$3,+-!"+$)$)"#"!"#"$/$)(#%#&!,'#!&%#"!"3#)#(+"!,,/+"+#)+)
/,&+)-"#%+-"$(!,,/+"+#)+)!$,+"+/!,#'$/%!/"$#);$$/+!,!)#/$)$'+/;&"+/#.100A("#
4G&"!E)"#%%+#*.D#,+P$,,&"+$)C$)"%$,C$''+""##!)A)%.200@ILR1D#,+40. >N. JAYAPALANI NDIAN SOCIETY A ND SOCIAL I NSTITUTIONSA",!)"+/P&3,+#%D+"%+3&"$%2001.>61. ?F!/"##"11. 7F!/"##"@. @F!/"##". DURGA DAS BASUCOMMENTARYONCONSTITUTIONOFI NDIAV$,.22007.16@@. 100D!,'!"+!C#'#)"B!%!"L".*.U)+$)$(I)+!1?10SCC1041>.
11
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
%174"#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$&%"#,+)!)&'3#%$(/!#"!""#%#!!)$*#% #'!+$)"#$/"%+)#$(/,!+(+/!"+$).101 3". S+)/# *aneka 'and!i;s/!#102"#C$&%"!*#!$"#"#W#)#3&%+)/+,#106"!" +( "# /,!+(+/!"+$)
!
!)
!%3+"%!%!/"$("#
"!"#
&)#%A.12$("#C$)"+"&"+$)A.14$&,"%+:#+"$).104T#"#"($%!%3+"%!%+)#+#"#%" ##5#/&"+*#!/"#+,,#-!,,$%$'+""#%#!$)!3,#(!/"$%$%+"$+)+$)!$)#+/)$%#!$)!3,# '!)$&,!*#"!:#).10>A%3+"%!%+)#+%+'!%+,!)!/"+$)#%($%'#3"##5#/&"+*#/!%+/+$ &,+"$&"!#&!"#,#"#%'+)+)-%+)/+,#!)/,!+(+)-3!#$)&)($&)#)!"&%#$("+) -.10?
6.1.2.2 T!" "# %+-" $( "# (!%'#% $( "# V+)+! !) N$%'!)! !%# 3#+)- *+$,!"# &)#% A%"+/,# 14 3 )$" +)/,&+)- V+)+! +) "# I)"#%,+):+)- $( R+*#% P%$;#/". 3%. I)"#%##)"/!#"#/+"+#)$("#S"!"#$(V+)+!$&,3#-+*#)"#%+-""$!*!+,!"#%;&"!
"+%+-"!3##)-+*#)"$"#/+"+#)$(#*#%$"#%"!"#"%$&-+/%+*#%!.T#/+"+#)$( !,,"!"###%*#!)$,+/3#+)-&)+($%',+',#'#)"#"%$&-$&""#/$&)"%.T#/+"+#)$( "#S"!"#$(N$%'!)!!%#&((#%+)-+)"#%$/#!/$,,!"#%!,*+/"+'$("##5#/&"+*#$%#%!)# )/#"#+%%+-"!*#3##)*+$,!"#"$$. 3. T##5#/&"+*#9
#5/&#
($%"!:+)-"+#/++$)!"!"3#5/,&+)-V+)+!(%$'"#,+"$("!"#+)"#L+):+)-$(R+*#% %$;#/"A%#+!!!3++)-3I)"#%)!"+$)!,,!.107 3. A.27$("#V+#))!C$)*#)"+$)$("#L!$(T%#!"+#+/3+)/$&)"%+#"$+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!! !%+#%A.4?$(VCLT+/"!"#"!"+$((&)!'#)"!,+'$%"!)/#!%#"$3#-+*#)-%#!"#%+ '$%"!)/#"!)%$*++$)$(+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!. I)"+/!#"#(&)!'#)"!,%+-"$("#(!%'#%!%#$((&)!'#)"!,+'$%"!)/#!)#)/#$&,+ #!,,3#-+*#)'$%#/%##)/#"!)+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!.
101S!&;!"A,+*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR174SC1?612?. 102M!)#:!*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIR17@SC>7. 106A$/+!"#P%$*+)/+!,P+/"&%#*.W#)#3&%C$%).14@1=B226. 104=!"&%+L!,L!:'+R#.S"!"#$(J=AIR1@0SC1214. 10>O'=&'!%*.U)+$)$(I)+!AIRAIR2000SC6?@. 10?MITTALR IGHTTOEUALITYA NDTHEI NDIANSUPREMECOURTT#A'#%+/!)J$&%)!,$(C$'!%!"+*#L!V$,.1 41?> .42?42@. 107F!/"##"12.
12
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
38. A.14+##/+!,,!,+/!3,#
"$
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
6.2.1. T!" "# S"!"# ! ! $+"+*# $3,+-!"+$) "$ -&!%!)"## A.21 $( "# C$)"+"&"+$). "!. T#R+-"%#!+)"$A.21!%#"$#D+%#/"+*#P%+)/+,#+/"#S&%#'#C$&%"3#,+#*#+'$%"
!)"#)$&-"$'!:#;&"+/+!3,#3+)/,&+)-"#'&)#%"#!'3+"$(F&)!'#)"!,%+-".T$&- A.21+/$&/#+))#-!"+*#%!#$,$-110+"#)($%/#$+"+*#$3,+-!"+$)111$)"#"!"#"$"!:#"# "$#)&%#"!""#+)+*+&!,#);$!+-)+(+#,+(#.112 "2. I)"#%##)"/!#"#G$*#%)'#)"$(A%#+!!"$#)&%#"!""#L+):+)-$(R+*#%%$;#/"#)($% /#"#%+-"'#)"+$)##%#+)!("#%!)+)!'!))#%"!"#!/"!"#-#"!)#&!,%+-"+)!//$%!)/# +"A.21%#!+"A.14$("#C$)"+"&"+$). "3. P$" *aneka'and!iv,Uniono$India116"#S&%#'#C$&%"#5!)#"#%!##%$)!,,+3#%" +)+"+)"#%%#"!"+$)$(A.21"$"#+#"!',+"&#.114T+(&)!'#)"!,%+-"-&!%!)"##*!%+$& %+-""#($,,$+)-$(+/!*#3##)*+$,!"#+) "+ +"&!"+$) 6.2.2. T!"A.21#5"#)"$"#%+-""$!"#%!)"#!'#!3##)*+$,!"#.
10@P!)/!!"V!%-!S!%'!;+*+S!'&!+:S!!:!%+=#&"C$$#%!"+*#S$/+#"*.H!%+3!+M#*!3!+AIR1?SC2> 7@10. 10S!:!!" A,+ *. S"!"# $( O%+! AIR 1>> SC 1??. 110N!)+)+S&)!% !) O%.*. S"!"# $( C!""+-!% AIR2011SC2@6 ?6. 111M!%&"+S%+!"+D&3!, *. S"!"# $( M!!%!"%! 1@7 1 B$' CR 4. 112ALAN GEWIRTH ARE ALL R IGHTS POSITIVEP+,$$P&3,+/A((!+%V$,.60N$.62001.621. 116H#%#+)!("#%%#(#%%#"$!"#8M!)#:!G!)+/!#9. 114P!"&''!!)O%.*.S"!"#$(=#%!,!!)O%.AIR17@SC771.
16
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
6.2.2.1. T!"A%"+/,#21#5"#)"$"#%+-""$!"#%. "". T#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$&%"!+)"#%%#"#"#R+-""$W!"#%+"+)"#R+-""$L+(#!)L+3#%"
11>!)!-+*#)!+((#%#)"+!,+'$%"!)/#"$+"+)!//$%!)/#+"+""$%+'!%(&)/"+$)Q !F$%"#&%$#$(/$)&'"+$)!"#%++'#%!"+*#"$"#&%*+*!,$('!)!)+"&%#-!%#! !&'!)%+-".11?T+%+-"!3##)%#!+)"$A.21!!)!3$,&"#%+-"!)"#+):##+)-+""#D +%#/"+*#P%+)/+,#$(S"!"#P$,+/&)#%A.47117%#'+)#"#S"!"#$(+"&""$%$*+#($%"#!' #"$+"/+"+#).11@ "%. 2F$%&%$#$(+%%+-!"+$)!)+)&"%+!,&#+"+$3#%*#"!""#%+-""$(,$+)-!"#%+!%+- " p#+lici.#ris911!)"$&-)$"!)!3$,&"#$%&'!)%+-"!"#%($%"+&%$#+%#/$-)+#&) #%A.21!!R+-""$U#W!"#%.I) (armadaBac!aoAndolanv,Uniono$Indiaand-t!ers120"# H$)93,# S&%#'#C$&%" &#,"# R+-" "$ W!"#% ! ! (&)!'#)"!, %+-". 6.2.2.1. T!""#R+-""$W!"#%!3##)*+$,!"#. ". I)/,&+$)$(!"#%+)"$A.21$"#+)+#)!3,#+'$%"!)/#$(!"#% .121I)"#-+*#)/!#!,,"
#A%#+!)!*#!)#&!,%+-""$!"#%!)%+-""$&#!"#%!-&!%!)"##3A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+ $).S+)/#3$""##%+-"!%#+'#%!"+*#"$!+-)+(+#,+(#!)!%#$+)"%+)+/!,,%#,!"#+""# &%*+*!,$("#(!%'#%122"#S"!"#!"$#)&%#"##%+-"+)"#+%!3$,&"#($%'!)+',#'#)"" #L+):+)-$(R+*#%%$;#/"+)/,&+*#,. S+)/#"#V+)+!!!#",!)!)12%+*#%126+"!!)#5/#&,$(!"#%+//!)(&)"#N$% '!)!9!"#%&,+/++)!%#/!%+$&+"&!"+$)+""$"#/!%/#$&%/#$(!"#%+)"#%#-+ $).124D##)#)"$)V++!($%!"#%"#(!%'#%$(N$%'!)!!%##)"+",#"$!"#%3$"($%+"/$)&
11>S"!"#$(=!%)!"!:!V.S"!"#$(A)%!P%!#O%.AIR2001SC1>?0. 11?A"'!L+)-!R#!)O%.*.U)+$)$(I)+!UOI!)O%AIR200SC46?. 117A.P.P$,,&"+$)C$)"%$,B$!%II*P%$(.M.V.N!+&!)O"#%C+*+,A#!,N$.6?@676$(1. 11@NARAIN VRINDAWATER AS I NDIA200V#%'$)"L!R#*+#.17.
A
FUNADAMENTAL
R IGHT
PERSPECTIVE
FROM
11C,!%:*.A,,!'!)71=!).20?70LRA71&#,+)C!&*#%W!"#%D+&"#T%+3&)!,AIR12SC>22. 120N!%'!! B!/!$A)$,!) *. U)+$) $( I)+! !) O"#% & AIR2000SC67>1. 121C. R AMACHANDRAIAHDRIN=ING WATER AS A FUNDAMENTAL R IGHT E/$)$'+/ !) P$,+"+/!, W##:,V$,.6?N$.@F#3.24M!%.22001.?1?21. 122F!/"##"1. 126F!/"##" 12. 124F!/"##"12.
14
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
'"+$)12>!#,,!($%+"&#!!)#/$)$'+/,+(#,+)#-&!%!)"##3"#(&)!'#)"!,R+-""$L+(#!) L+3#%"&)#%A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$). ". I),+-"$("#!($%#'#)"+$)#,!/!#!)!%-&'#)""#C$&)#,&'3,&3'+""!""#R+-
""$W!"#%!3##)*+$,!"#!)/$)#)",
"#
R+-""$L+(#!)L+3#%"!!,$3##)*+$,!"#!-&!%!)"##3A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$). 6.2.6. T!" A.21#5"#)"$%+-""$3!+/)#/#+"+#!)"#!'#!3##)*+$,!"# 6.2.6.1. T!"A.21#5"#)"$ "# R+-" "$ B!+/ N#/#+"+# "8. T#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$&%"!%#!R+-""$B!+/N#/#+"+#12?+)"$"#R+-""$L+(#!)L+3#%"
&)#%A.21.127T+%+-"+)#%#)",#)&%#!+-)+(+#,+(#"$/+"+#)$(I)+!12@+/)$"$),# )"!+,!)!&%!)/#$((&,(+,,+)-"#+%%+'!%)##12 3&"!,$-&!%!)"##!,,"$#/$)+"+$)"$" #/+"+#)+/'!:#,+(#$%",+*+)-.160A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$)!3##)-+*#)!&!,+"!"+*#/$) /#""$L+(#161 !) +" !(#-&!% "#3!+/&'!)%+-"%#&+%#$( #*#%/+*+,+!"+$). 162 6.2.6.2. T!"!*+$,!"+$)$(R+-""$B!+/N#/#+"+#+!*+$,!"+$)$(!R+-""$L+(#!)L+3#%" &)#% A. 21 $( "# C$)"+"&"+$). "-. I)"+/!#"##5#/&"+*#$%#%!,#(""#/+"+#)$(N$%'!)!+)+%#/",$&"$("#L+):+)-$(R+*
#%P%$;#/"!)!+)"#%$/##%+*#"#'$(!'+)+'!,"!)!%$(,+*+)-+/!"#%!!3! +/)#/#+"-&!%!)"##.N$"$),+!"#%!)!3$,&"#)#/#+"($%"#&%$#$(/$)&'"+$)3&" +"!,$-$*#%)!)!#"#,+(#$( '#).166I"+)(,)/#"#A%#+!),+*#"$!)#5"#)"#%#+"!3#)/#+/!&+)-(!%'#%"$/$''+" &+/+#.164
12>F!/"##"2. 12?B%%!;&R!'!,+)-!R!;&*.T#S"!"#CBIC%+'+)!,P#"+"+$)N$.>4>4$(200. 127DURGA DAS BASUCOMMENTARYONTHECONSTITUTIONOFI NDIAV$,.6@"#.200@.671. 12@F%!)/+C$%!,+#M&,,+) *.T#A'+)+"%!"$%U)+$)T#%%+"$% $(D#,+O%.AIR1@1SC74?. 12S#pra).44. 1272. 160M.P. JAINI NDIANCONSTITUTIONALLAWV$,.1>"#.2006.160. 161C!'#,+S+)-*.S"!"#$(U""!%P%!#AIR1?SC10>1. 162JUSTICE FAIL = ARIMJUDICIAL R EVIEW OF PUBLIC ACTIONV$,.1.>@@>@. 166R OSE MARYR IGHT TO WATER THEORETICAL CONCERNS ISSUES T#I)+!)J$&%)!,$(P$,+"+/!,S/+#)/#V$,.?7N$.4OCT.DEC.200?.7>7??. 164F!/"##"1.
1>
A ND
PRACTICAL
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
%. A!($%#'#)"+$)#"#R+-""$L+(#!)L+3#%"&)#%A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$)#5"#)"$"#R+-
""$B!+/N#/#+"+#.T##5#/&"+*#$%#%3#%+*+)-"#'$("#+%,!""#%!+)#((#/"#%+*#" #'$("#($%'#%%+-""$$. 6.2.4. T!" A. 21#5"#)"$ R+-""$ L+*#,+$$!) R+-""$ W$%:!)"#!'#!*#3##)*+$,!"#. 6.2.4.1. T!"A.21#5"#)"$R+-""$L+*#,+$$!)R+-""$W$%: %!. T#,!)'!%:
/!#
-lgaTellisv,Bom+ay*#nicipalCorporation& <7/#"!3,+#"!"R+-""$L+*#,+$$+!(&)!' #)"!,%+-"&)#%"#&%*+#$(A.21. 4epriveapersono$!isrig!ttoliveli!oodandyo#s!all!avedeprived!imo$!isli$e.16? %2. I) 4el!i4evelopment)ortic#lt#reEmployee;sUnionv,4el!iAdministration&<70 "#S&%#'#C $&%"(&%"#%#5!)#"+R+-""$+)/,&#"#R+-""$W$%:. A.67"$&-%#)#%D+%#/"+*#P%+)/+,#&)#)($%/#!3,#QA.6!!)A.41!*#3##)%#!!%'$)+$ &,16@+"(&)!'#)"!,%+-".T#S"!"#!!)$3,+-!"+$)"$#)&%#"!"R+-""$,+*#,+$$!)R+-" "$W$%:$&,3#%#!+)"$R+-""$L+(#.16 6.2.4.1. T!"!V+$,!"+$) $(R+-" "$L+*#,+$$ !)R+-" "$W$%:V+$,!"#T#R+-"T$L+(#. %3. T#%+'!%$//&!"+$)$("#/+"+#)$(A%#+!+!-%+/&,"&%#140!)$//&!"+$)$+)"%+)+/!,,/$
))#/"#+""#%#&+%#'#)"$(!"#%"!"+"!3#)/#+/%#!"+)-&/!%!"+/+'!/"$)"#,+*#,+ $$$((!%'#%.141T##(!%'#%!*#3##)-&!%!)"##!R+-""$!D+-)+(+#,+(#+/-&!%!)"## "#'$("#+%,+*#,+$$!)W$%:&)#%A.21+/!#/+(+#+)<2.1.#)"!+,!$+"+*#$3,+-! "+$)$)"#"!"#"$%$*+#"#'+"!"#%"#*#%'#!)$("#+%,+*#,+$$. %". I),+-"$("#!($%#'#)"+$)#,!/!#!)!%-&'#)""#C$&)#,&'3,&3'+""!""#33# +)-#%+*#$(!"#%"#(!%'#%!)"#$'#)142$(N$%'!)!!%#3#+)-#%+*#$("#+%R+-"" $L+*#,+$$!)R+-""$ W$%: &)#% A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$).
16>O,-! T#,,+ *. B$'3! M&)+/+!, C$%$%!"+$) & AIR1@?SC1@0. 16?O,-!T#,,+*.B$'3!M&)+/+!,C$%$%!"+$)AIR1@?SC1@062. 167D#,+ D#*#,$'#)" H$%"+/&,"&%# E',$##9 U)+$) *. D#,+ A'+)+"%!"+$) & AIR12SC7@. 16@M+)#%*!M+,,L".!)O%.*.U)+$)$(I)+!UOI!)O%.AIR1@0SC17@. 16ARVIND P. DATAR DATAR O N CONSTITUTION OF I NDIAW!!C$'!)#.2001.640. 140F!/"##"1. 141F!/"##"2. 142 I+id .
1?
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
6.2.>.
T!"A%"+/,#21E5"#)
"$R+-"
"$S$/+$
E/$)$'+/J&"+/#A)E/$)$'+/E'$#%'#)"A)"#!'#!3##)*+$,!"# 6.2.>.1. T!"A.21E5"#)"$R+-"T$S$/+$E/$)$'+/J&"+/#A)E/$)$'+/E'$#%'#)" %%. B%#!+)-$/+!,;&"+/#146!)#/$)$'+/#'$#%'#)"$(#!:#%#/"+$)144!#)%+)#+)"#
P%#!'3,#!)"#D+%#/"+*#P%+)/+,#$(S"!"#P$,+/+)"$A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$)14>"#H$)93,# S&%#'#C$&%"!,#-!,,!&%#!,,/+"+#)$(!,+(#$(&'!)+-)+".14? 6.2.>.
T!"!V+$,!"+$)$(R+-""$S$/+$
E/$)$'+/J&"+/#!)E/$)$'+/E'$#%'#)"+!*+$,!"+$)$("#R+-""$L+(#!)L+3#%". %. T#(!%'#%#',$#+)"+%+'!%$//&!"+$)"#'(%$'"#,$#"#/$)$'+/!)$/+!,/,!+
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
4.1.1 T!"&%$+*#+)"#%%#"!"+$)$(!)!/"/!)3#$)#3,$$:+)-!"+"P%#!'3,#
146A$:=&'!%G&"!*.S"!"#$(UP1>SCC2012?. 144C!'#,+S+)-O%.*.S"!"#$(U.P.A)"1?1SCALE101. 14>M+)#%*!M+,,L".!)O%.*.U)+$)$(I)+!UOI!)O%.AIR1@0SC17@ 16. 14?J!-+S!%&CONSTITUTIONOFINDIAT$'$)R#&"#%V$,.I#).6.1114. 147C!%!)S+)-*.S"!"#$(P&);!3O% 20076ALT6SC.
17
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
%8. A%&,#$("#)!,+#3;&-#+)!%$!/+)-!/!#%#-!%+)-#)*+%$)'#)"!,,!3#)#(+/#)",#-
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oa 2o#ndation and Peace$#l
Society
v,
Union
o$
India
and
-rs.1>6#%#"#;&-#"$$:"#!+$("#%#!'3,#$("##)*+%$)'#)"!,"!"&"#"$!/#%"!+)"##) *+%$)'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#)!)!//$%+)-,-%!)""#';&"+/#. %.2. THATTHEENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTSOFTHECITI$ENSOFARESSIAHAVEBEENVIOLATEDUNDE RTHEENVIRONMENTPROTECTIONACT1)*+'EPA(.
. T#EPA9
$3;#/"
%#(,#/"
+)
+"
%#!'3,#
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
R OSENCRANE NVIRONMENTAL
LAW
A ND
14D#,+ T%!)$%" C$%$%!"+$) *. D.T.C. M!$$% C$)-%# !) O%. AIR11SC101 61?. 1>0SP##%!-#/!#T+)!,C.J.11CI.F.@>110111. 1>1G.P. SINGHPRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY I NTERPRETATION16"#.2012. 1>2H#%#+)!("#%%#(#%%#"$!"#8G$!F$&)!"+$)J&-'#)"9 1>6G$! F$&)!"+$) !) P#!/#(&, S$/+#" *. U)+$) $( I)+! !) O% 20144EFLT?0@. 1>4F!/"##"6. 1>>F!/"##">. 1>?F!/"##"7.
1@
POLICY
I N
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
$(<6$("#+'&-)#A/"/,#!%,+)+/!"#"!""#($/&+$)#)&%+)-!*!+,!3+,+"!)!//#+3+,+" $(!"#%!,,$*#%"#/$&)"%!"!)/$". 2. F&%"#%'$%#"#($&%"!%!-%!$("#P%#!'3,#$("#N!"+$)!,G%##)T%+3&)!,A/"2010%#! R+-""$
!
H#!,"E)*+%$)'#)"+)"$A.21$("#
C$)"+"&"+$)1>7+)/$)$)!)/#+""#;&-'#)"$("#;&+/+!%+/!*##'!+#"!"!/, #!)!)#!,"#)*+%$)'#)"+$+)"%+)+/"$"#+-)+"!)"!)!%$(,+*+)-$(+)+*+&!,"!"+" !3#)/#+!-%$*+$,!"+$)$("#(&)!'#)"!,!#,,!#)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#).1>@ 3. T#+'&-)#A/"++)/$)-%&$&+""##)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#)+/!*#3##)#) %+)#+)"#P%#!'3,#$("#EPA.S+)/#"#A/"+*+$,!"+)-"##)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#) "#G$*#%)'#)"$&,3#%#"%!+)#(%$'+',#'#)"!"+$)"#%#$(. %.3.THAT‘REASONABLEPERSON’STESTDETERMINESWHICHRIGHTISGIVENPRECEDENCE ANDTHEENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTSTAKEPRECEDENCEINTHEPRESENTCASE.
4.6.1. T!""#R#!$)!3,#P#%$)9T#"+&#"$#"#%'+)# "# %+-"3#-+*#)%#/##)/#. ". S+)/#"#!'3+"$(A.21+$*!"+"#)/$'!##*#%!,%+-".W!"!#)+)"#/!#"$$&"$(
"##*#%!,%+-" #)/$'!# 3 A.21!%#+)/$)(,+/" %. I)/!##%#"#$$%"&)+"/$"$(!*+)-"##)*+%$)'#)"+"+(,+)-#*#,$'#)""#;&-# !*#"!:#)+)"$!//$&)""#+)"#%#"$("#,!%-#%-%$&1> 3"!:+)-"#R#!$)!3,#P#%$)9T#" .1?0T+!&#,+)S#ndarara.an*.Uniono$India5-rs.1?1 I)+*+&!,+)"#%#"$%'!,,#%&3,+/+)"#%#"'&"+#,"$,!%-#%&3,+/+)"#%#"!)+)/$)*#)+#)/#$( $'#!,,3#3!#($%,!%-#%+)"#%#"$($/+#". . I)$)#"#'$"%#/#)"/!#$(2014Co#rtonIts-n*otionv,State-$)imac!al Prades! and
-rs,&<=:"#N!"+$)!,G%##)T%+3&)!,"$$:/$-)+!)/#$("##3+,+"!"+)-/$)+"+$)$("##)*+%$)' #)"+)=&,,&M!)!,+"$/$)"%&/"+$)$(%$!.I"#,"!" 8T!erisko$potential!armtot!eenvironmentres#lting$romdevelopments!o#ld+eco nsidered+ytiltingt!e+alancein$avo#ro$t!eenvironmentandint!elargerp#+licintere st,Accordingto
1>7A. ROSENCRAN S. RUSTOMJEE CITIENS9 E NVIRONMENT1>2>E)*+%.P$,.L!.624
R IGHT
TO
A
HEALTHY
1>@M S"#%,+"# I)&"%+# L". *. T!'+, N!& P$,,&"+$) C$)"%$, B$!%A#!,N$.>7!)>@$(2016. 1>A.P.P$,,&"+$)C$)"%$,B$!%*.P%$(.M.V.N!!&R#".O"#%AIR1SC@126@. 1?0CHARMIAN BARTONPRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE I N AUSTRALIA V$,.221@@H!%*.E)*.L.R#*..>0. 1?1S&)!%!%!;!) *. U)+$) $( I)+! O%. 2016?SCC?20. 1?2V#,,$%# C+"+#) W#,(!%# F$%&' *. U)+$) $( I)+! CWPILN$.1>$(201011.
1
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
8reasona+leperson>stest9&li$eandecology!avepriorityover#nemploymentandloss o$reven#e,9 4.6.2. T!"E)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"!%#"$3#-+*#)%#/##)/#. . I)"#%##)"/!#"$&-3$"%+-"!%#(&)!'#)"!,"$"#A%#+!)#)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"!%#-
+*#)%#/##)/#$*#%#/$)$'+/%+-"3"#;&+/+!%!"#/$'!%!"+*#+)"#%#"$("#,!%-#%-%$& +-+*#)%+'!/$*#%"#+)"#%#"$("#'!,,#%-%$&#)"#+)"#%#"$("#"$-%$&!%#+)/$ )(,+/".T#($%'#%-%$&/$'%+#)$"$),"#A%#+!)3&""#(&"&%#/+"+#)"$$+,#"#,!""# %+!/$'!%!"+*#,'!,,#%-%$&$((!%'#%$!%#!:+)-($%"#+%#/$)$'+/%+-".A,$!%#!$ )!3,#'!)$&,!*#!,$%#(#%%#"#($%'#%. 8. I)"#!$(,$$:+)-!"!"##',+:#!%$3!3,#3#""#%$"+$)"#L#-+,!"&%#$(A%#+!$&,!* #"#"#"#$/"%+)#!-!+)""#"$&/"$)#$(8R#!$)!3,#P#%$)9T#"9"$%#!,+#"#+'$%"!)/# $(#)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#). %.%. THATENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTSAREGOVERNEDB Y THEDOCTRINESOFPRECAUTIONARY PRIN CIPLEANDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ANDTHESAMEHAVEBEENBREACHED.
4.4.1. T!""#$/"%+)#$(P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#!)S&"!+)!3,#D#*#,$'#)"-$*#%)#)*+%$)'#)"!,%+ -". -. !B%#!+)-"#'+)"$A.21$("#C$)"+"&"+$)"#$/"%+)#$(P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#!)S&"
!+)!3,#D#*#,$'#)"1?6!*#3##)%#!+)"$"##)*+%$)'#)"!,,!$("#,!)3"#S&%#'#C$& %"+)Vellore
Citi?ens
Wel$are
2or#m
v,
Union
o$
India&<=@+)/#"##%+)/+,#!%#!//#"#!!%"$(/&"$'!%+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!"#%#$&,3# )$+((+/&,"+#+)!//#"+)-"#'!!%"$($&%$'#"+/,!.T#;&-'#)"%+'!%+,#'!+#" !")$"$),+"#&3,+/!*#!(&)!'#)"!,%+-""$#);$!$,#$'##)*+%$)'#)"&)#%A.21 3&""#"!"#!!$+"+*#&""$#)&%#"!"&/!)#)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"!'!#!*!+,!3,#"$"# /+"+#).1?>T+!&#,+)#*#%!,/!#.1?? . T#P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#!3##)+'$%"#(%$'P%+)/+,#1>$("#R+$D#/,!%!"+$)+/'! #"#"#$%$(P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#$&)+)"#%)!"+$)!,,!3+)"#-%!"+)-+"+"'!)"%#!"+# +/I)+!+!+-)!"$%"$1?7 !) #)/# A%#+! "$$. 1?@
1?6C#)"%#($%P&3,+/I)"#%#"L+"+-!"+$)!)O%.*.U)+$)$(I)+!UOI!)O%.AIR2016SC672>. 1?4V#,,$%# C+"+#) W#,(!%# F$%&' *. U)+$) $( I)+!AIR1?SC 271> 64. 1?>JONATHAN NASHSTANDING PRINCIPLEC$,&'3+!L!R#*+#V$,.10@200@.44.
A ND
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
1??S'$:#A((#/"#R#+#)"F$%&'*.M&)+/+!,C$%$%!"+$)$(G%#!"#%M&'3!+!)O%20024B$'CR471@.
20
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
!. 3I) *C*e!tav,Uniono$India1?"#S&%#'#C$&%"#5,!+)#"#/$#$("#P%#/!&"+$)!%P
%+)/+,#!)"!"#"!""#%+)/+,#$&,3#%#!+""#%+)/+,#$(&"!+)!3,##*#,$'#)" .170 2. P%#/!&"+$)!%%+)/+,#"!"#"!"!)!%'+//!)3#1045067941110671 +"$3#%#*#)" #+''#+!"#,.171I"#,#'#)"/$'%+#172!A)"+/+!"$%A/"+$) 3C$)*#+)-"#%$3!3,##)*+%$)'#)"!,+'!/"$("#!%'"$"#/$''&)+"/A,"#%)!"#,!) )+)-C$"3#)#(+"!)!,+# T%!)!%#)"!%"+/+!"$%!) +)($%'# #/++$). 4.4.2. T!""#$/"%+)#!*#)$"3##)!#%#"$. 3. I)"+/!#"#-$*#%)'#)"!%#!$)!3,($%###)"#!%'!)+)!//$%!)/#+""#$/"%+)#
$(P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#+"$&,!*#)$"+',#'#)"#"#%$;#/".T#-$*#%)'#)"!!,$3 %#!/#R&,#33/$)/#!,+)-"#!/"&!,#)*+%$)'#)"!,+'!/"$("#%$;#/"(%$'"#&3,+/176 3 %#&%++)-"#C$''+""##'#'3#%"$(!3%+/!"#"#(!/""$$$+):"#/$''&)+"+)"$& $%"+/!&3#)",*+$,!"#"#$"#%%&,#. ". I)!//$%!)/#+""#!($%#'#)"+$)#(!/",!!)%&,#"#C$&)#,&'3,&3'+""!"3(!+ ,+)-"$/$',+""#"#"$(P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#"##5#/&"+*#!*+$,!"#"##)*+%$)'#)" !,%+-""!"$&,!*#+#!,,3##)-&!%!)"##"$"#/+"+#). %.". THATTHEDOCTRINEOFPUBLICTRUSTISTOBEE!ERCISEDB Y THEGOVERNMENTANDTHENO N# E!ERCISINGOFTHESAMEHASVIOLATEDENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTSOFTHECITI$ENSOFARES SIA.
4.>.1. T!""#D$/"%+)#$(P&3,+/T%&"+"$3##5#%/+#3"#G$*#%)'#)"$(I)+!.
1?7O. MCI NTYRE T MOSEDALE.THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AS A NORM OF CUSTOMARY I NTERNATIONAL LAWJ$&%)!,$(E)*+%$)'#)"!,L!2 17 221241 1?@F!/"##"N$"#1. 1?MC M#"! *. U)+$) $( I)+! W%+"#"+"+$)/+*+,)$.166@1$(1@4 170T+%&&%D#+)-F!/"$%O)#%A$/+!"+$)*.N$!,R+*#%A!/&"!%P%$"#/"+$)A$/+!"+$)!)O%.AIR2010 SC 6?4>. 171CAMERON J. ABOUCHAR THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF LAW AND POLICY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT B$"$)C$,,#-#I)"#%)!"+$)!, A) C$'!%!"+*# L! R#*+# 2001 .14. 172C+"$(S!)F%!)/+$P%#/!&"+$)!%P%+)/+,#O%+)!)/!<101A&-&"2006. 176F!/"##"1>.
21
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
%. T#$/"%+)#$(P&3,+/T%&"+)C$''$),!174"!"#"!""#-$*#%)'#)"$,"#)!"&%!,%#$&%/
#!!"%&"##!)+"$&#"#'$), ($%"#3#)#(+"$("#-#)#%!,&3,+/.17>T#)&/,#&$("+D$/"%+)#!($%'&,!"#3P%$(#$%S! 517? $ 3#,+#*# "!" P#+lic tr#st pro+lems are $o#nd !enever governmental reg#lation comes into #estion& in sit#ations !ere di$$#sed p#+lic interests need protection against tig!tly organi?ed gro#ps it! clear and immediate goals. . T+&)#%"!)+)-$("#$/"%+)#!(+%"!$"#3"#I)+!)J&+/+!%+) *C*e!tav,1amal (at!5-rs,&<00 "$#"#%'+)#"##)*+%$)'#)"!,%+-"$("#/+"+#).T#"!"#!!"%&"##+#5#/"# "$!(#-&!%"#)!"&%!,%#$&%/#($%"#3#)#(+"$("#&3,+/!)"$#)&%#"!""##!%#&"+,+#$), "$"##5"#)"$("#+%%#&+%#'#)". 4.>.2.T!""#D$/"%+)#!)$"3##)($,,$#. . I)"+/!#+("#,#-+,!"+$)!3##)-#)&+)#,$%:+)-($%"#+)"#%#"$("#(!%'#%$'#)!)
$"#%!--%+#*#17@"#)#*#)!("#%!+)-"#A/""#,#-+,!"&%#$&,!*#!3+#3"#!# '#)"$("#EIA.17H$#*#%"$/$)+#%!"+$)3$"#/$)$'+/!)$,+"+/!,1@0"#,#-+,!"&%# %#(&#"$,+"#)"$"#!%##)+$)"!"'$""!"#($,,$+)-"#EIA#%#!%"+/&,!"+)-!-!+)""+ . 8. D
"$
"#!($%#'#)"+$)#%+)/+,#,!!)!%-&'#)""#C$&)#,&'3,&3'+""!""##)*+%$) '#)"!,%+-"$("#A%#+!)!*#3##)*+$,!"#"$!3%#!/+)"#P&3,+/T%&"D$/"%+)#3"# L#-+,!"&%#+)$(!%!+"($%'&,!"#"#+'&-)#,#-+,!"+$). %.+. THATTHEFOREST 'CONSERVATION(ACT’SOBJECTISTOPREVENTDEFORESTATIONANDTHESAM EHASNOTBEENADHEREDTO.
4.?.1.T!" "# $3;#/"+*# $( "# F$%#" C$)#%*!"+$) A/" 1@0 + "$ P%#*#)" D#($%#"!"+$).
174JUSTICE TS DOABIA E NVIRONMENTAL " I NDIAW!!N!-&%V$,.11 #.200>.426
POLLUTION
LAWS
IN
17>=RS#)$*.C+#(O((+/#%T$)M&)+/+!,C$&)/+,AIR174SC2177. 17?JOSEPH LAXPUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE I N I NTERVENTIONM+/+-!)L!R#*+#V$,.?@P!%"I.
NATURAL
R ESOURCE
LAW
177MC M#"! *. =!'!, N!"O% *. =!'!, N!"O%.14C$'LJ44SC >2 17@F!/"##"4. 17F!/"##">. 1@0F!/"##"7.
22
EFFECTIVE
JUDICIAL
7TH JUSTICE HIDAYATULLAH MEMORIAL NATIONAL MOOT COURT COMPETITION 2014
-. I) Am+ika#arryWorksv,Stateo$'#.aratand-rs.1@1"#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$&%"#,"!"+)/#
"#S"!"#G$*#%)'#)"!"$"!:##%'++$)(%$'"#C#)"%!,G$*#%)'#)"+)/!#$(+"&!"+$)<2 +!)<2++$("#FCA/"+"'#!)""!""#,#-+,!"&%#+#"$!'#%&/!/"+*+"+#.1@2T#;&'#)"!,$"!"#"#$3;#/"+*#$("#FCA/" T++!)A/"+)%#/$-)+"+$)$("#!!%#)#"!"#/$,$-+/!,+'3!,!)/#!!%#&,"$(#($%#"!"+$)!* #3#/$'#$/+!,'#)!/#!)(&%"#%#($%#"!"+$)$&,3#%#*#)"#.1@6 8. T#'oa2o#ndationJ&-'#)"1@4'#)"+$)#"!""#&%$#$("#,#-+,!"&%#($%($%'&,!"+)-"
#!/"$&,&#%##"##/+(+/+"+#$("#!/"+)/#"#$3;#/"+*#$("#!/"+"!"$(%#*#)"+)-(&% "#%#($%#"!"+$)1@> ;&-'#)"$)!,,/!#$&,3#!#:##+)-"+$3;#/"+*#+)/$)+#%!"+ $). 4.?.2. T# O3;#/"+*# $( "# FC A/" ! )$" 3##) !#%# "$. 8!. I)!//$%!)/#+""#!($%#'#)"+$)#/!#,!!)!%-&'#)""#/$&)#,&3'+""!""#+'
&-)#,#-+,!"+$)+
+)/$)-%&$&
+""#$3;#/"+*#"#FCA/"!"#($%'#%#5/+"#!)!/"+$)+/+)*$,*##"%$+)-#*#%!,($%# "!)!/"+)#(+!)/#$("#&%$#$("#FCA/"+/+"$%#*#)"(&"&%##($%#"!"+$)!)"$%$" #/""#($%#"%##)". 82. T#+'&-)#A/"$&,!,$)$"3#+',#'#)"#"$"#;&-'#)"$("#H$)93,#S&%#'#C$ &%"+) (at#reLovers*ovement *.Stateo$1eralaandot!ers&<6= #%#+"!#,"!""#%$*++$) $("#!+A/"FCA/"$&,$*#%%+#!,,#5#/&"+*#$%#%. 83. D"$"#!($%#'#)"+$)#,!/!#!)!%-&'#)""#C$&)#,&'3,&3'+""!""#%$*++ $)$("#F$%#"C$)#%*!"+$)A/"1@0!*#3##)*+$,!"#3"#+'&-)# A/"
1@1A'3+:! &!%% W$%: *. S"!"# $( G&;!%!" !) O% AIR1@7SC1076. 1@2 I+id 7. 1@6 I+id 1>. 1@4S&%! 1@>T.N.G$!*!%'!)T+%&'&,:!*.U)+$)$(I)+!!)$"#%AIR17SC122@4. 1@?N!"&%# L$*#% M$*#'#)" *. S"!"# $( =#%!,! !) $"#%AIR2006=#%1@.
26