Iveiut^
k*vo
!
Presented to the
LIBRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
by
Ontario Legislative Library
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS
N
ROYAL CIPHER
r
MONOGRAMS ^-CIPHERS AND-DRAWN DESIGNED
BY
A-A-TURJBAYNE AND
OTHER-MEMBERS-OF-THE -
CARLTON
-
STUDIO
LONDON'TC'&ECJACK 6-EDINBURGH
^ lit .U" in
j
I
.11'
.0.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE book
laying out this
IN many
have put into
I
work
years of actual
in the
the
it
designing of Monograms,
Ciphers, Trade-Marks, and other letter devices.
work much
careful
in
thought
such
a
way
that
any
a
the
good workable
can
design
have given the
I
order to present
on
material, to give that material
experience of
be quicklv
most
scale,
found.
useful
and
By
in
the
On arrangement of the designs the plates form their own index. Plate ii will be found combinations of AA, AB, AC on Plate in ;
combinations of device
of
alphabet
MB
first
AD
AC,
would in
Now letters,
in three
on Plate looked
be
order,
combinations on Plate
;
B;
it
i\
AM, AM, AG,
,
under
for
thus
will
be
the
letter
found
in
etc.
A
of
the
the
BM
xvi.
AA
have only one reading; two different AB, can be read in two ways while AAB can be read the
letters
;
ways; and
ABC,
or any three different letters, can be
placed to read in six ways.
A
complete series of designs, A A, AB, BA, AC, CA, to ZZ, would run to 676 devices; add to this a series with a repeated one reading only, letter, which would be the next in order, giving
AAB, BBA, combinations.
etc.,
of which
This would
there
are
require,
if
650, and carried
we out
get
1326
with
nine
*r -
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS designs
135
on a
and
plates,
two-letter
plate,
147
Our book was not
plates.
to exceed
in addition to as
there
designs,
complete a series as possible of to be included some plates of
were
sacred devices, designs of three different letters, and other matter
which would make
By and the
a
work of
practical use.
number of combinations containing the I and and Q, which can easily be made interchangeable
limiting the
J,
O
in
the working, and giving but a single reading of most of the devices
containing the letters X, Y, Z, which will be the least used, I have been able to present a good working selection of two letters
and a repeated letter Three different
in
1 1
3 plates.
letters, as
I
Take, for instance, the and we have
first
ways.
ABC ACB Add
have stated, can be read in
three letters of the alphabet,
BAG EGA
a fourth letter to the three, and
twenty-four readings, as follows
ABCD
:
six
CAB CBA we have
four times
six,
or
INTRODUCTORY NOTE It
thus be seen
will
that
hooks advertised
three- and four-letter combinations must
as
made up of
he very fragmentary, as
anything like a complete work ol these units would run to an
enormous length.
Now mean.
let
us see
ABC, ABI),
would run
to
2600
what
a
work of
three-letter
designs
would
giving an alphabet of one reading only,
etc.,
designs.
A
book
of
this
sort
would be
of
looked for would probably not be there, for every one of these 2600 groups can be placed to read six different ways; and to make a complete work of three-letter little
use, as the design
designs, with
no repeat
would require a showing of But what about the three letters,
letters even,
15,600 Monograms or Ciphers. A glance through any list of persons one of which is a repeat? will show that these have a right to be included, though they do not
occur
as
as
frequently
three
different
letters.
Add
these
there are 1976 of complete three-letter book them, including 26 combinations where the three letters are and we have 17,576 designs to be shown. the same, AAA, etc. to the
list
for a
would require Following the plan of nine designs on a plate, we of the 1953 plates, making a work of fourteen volumes the size
A
would not only be but the cost of production and the price at which unpractical, such a work could be sold, would place it beyond the reach of
present
book.
bulky
most of those workers to In the plan
I
work of
this
sort
whom we
hope to appeal. have adopted the book is practically
a
complete
xi
-
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS work of
two-letter combinations in a single volume.
A
device of
always be readily found, which should be sufficient to furnish the designer or artisan with a base upon which
any two
letters
will
to build a design of three or
There
is
more
letters.
to-day a growing taste for severe chaste forms in
printing types and lettering; the same influence a
change of
The
florid
more decorative Monogram and Cipher. combinations of the last two centuries are gradually and are giving place to the very simplest forms.
of the present work
towards simplicity, but in order appeal to various tastes, and thus be of greater
book may
that the
also directing
in the
style
falling into disuse,
The aim
is
value, examples of
Each of
many
these
which has long been
styles
are included.
while
styles,
in
is
use,
based
has had
on some
its
familiar
pruning, and as
form
much
of the superfluous flourish not necessary to letter or design has
been discarded.
The heads
styles
included
Roman, Gothic,
may be
classed
under
five
principal
Sans Serif, Cursive or Running, and what
These styles are treated in various ways, might call Rustic. and in light and heavy letters. Here and there throughout the work a design will be found that may suggest a treatment for I
some to
me
These are odd pieces
particular device. as
the plates were
in
that have occurred
progress, the execution of
most of
which would probably be more satisfactory in embroidery than There are three principal forms of treating any other medium. xii
INTRODUCTORY NOTE a
I
device;
call
Continuous forms. the
are
letters
In
the
by
side.
them
or
written
it
directly
are
letters
In the Continuous form
over one another.
interlaced
the device runs from beginning
Imposed form the
In the
or written side
principal letter,
be accentuated, cither by making in some other way best suited to the slightly larger, heavier, or it
is first
which
material in
or final, should
it
is
being produced,
For the Extended form, in
interlaced
Extended form the
to end without a break.
whether
the
Imposed, Extended, and the By the Imposed form I mean a design where
will
form, however,
when
especially
it
filling
may be colour
the letters are to be read
if
which they follow one another,
this
it
all
may
often advisable,
is
a
circular
in
the order
be treated alike.
for design
space,
or texture.
to
place
In
and balance, the
principal
may be drawn larger, and in The Continuous form some other way made more important. letter in
should
the centre; in that case
read
as
the letters
taken to place them so that other way. in
It is
it
would be written, and care must bethey will not appear to read in some
intended that the
Monograms and Ciphers shown
the following plates be considered as outlines only, as models
The
grounds need not be taken as part of the design ; they are intended to show which are There are but a planned in a round, and which in a square panel. few cases in which any detail is given that would apply to a particular or working drawings.
craft,
or suggest the material
Each
artist
solid
in
or tint
which they are to be worked.
or craftsman can use the forms, supplying xiii
his
own
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS technique of the work in hand.
detail to suit the
the book should be equally useful to any craft. will be noticed that
it
rendering
to read in the order described
which
requires that detail
The
a tint or black.
the in
book
for the sake
a few places
LRR
I
order of description
of easy reference;
LXXXIV,
the
further
proceeding
Monogram and
between a
a
tion.
A Monogram
which one
letter
together of two or
Of
is
I
Monogram,
;
the
NMN
on
on Plate
state
This
in
intended, as
Monogram
should
Cipher.
only departed from
WTW is
the
ex.
difference
necessary, as
some
the
authorities too,
give a Cipher for illustra-
a combination of
A
Cipher
more
on other of the two
letter
two or more
letters, in
forms part of another and cannot be separated
from the whole.
their parts
is
is
it
two devices are constantly being miscalled while correctly describing a
important
followed throughout
is
continuous
Plate LXXXVII, and the continuous Cipher
Before
broad
have suggested in some instances with
where one reading only
on Plate
this
means
some of the designs do not appear in such cases the
;
this
By With
merely an interlacing or placing
is
letters,
being in no way dependent for
letters.
Monograms are the more interesting, probably on account of their being more difficult to plan, though I the
classes
think they are rarely as pleasing to the eye as the Cipher, except in the very severest forms. Compare the whole plate of Ciphers, cxiv, with the next plate, cxv,
The
composed
difficulty in designing
entirely of
Monograms.
Monograms does not xiv
so often
lie
INTRODUCTORY NOTE in
being able to plan the
one
that will be read
Monogram,
as
being able to produce
in
by others, and where
all
When we
and those only that are intended.
made up
or three letters together that are
the letters will read,
of
begin to put two
one another into
a
are suggested or occur in the device not single unit, other letters
intended; or again, two or three of the that
or fourth will
the third
owner. device
Take, is
if
PR.
or
Personally
the lines are good,
A Monogram whether used a
PQR
the
instance,
known
be so apparent
to the designer or
on Plate c\\
the better one of the two, but few will read
PQ, QR, obscure,
for
be
only
letters will
as a
company, or
or Cipher
if
is
prefer a
I
is
it
a fine piece of
in all cases
mark of ownership by
a trade-mark.
design
;
it
that
the small
other than is
a
little-
ornament.
intended for ornament,
or for private individuals,
For purposes
of
commerce
it
of
is
course important that the device should be distinct and easily read. The same might apply also to the design for a club or society mark. For use, however, where the device is to enrich private
a piece of jewellery, plate, the binding of a book, a piece of should in the furniture, or part of the decoration of a house, it first
place
owner, and to the eye, *
be a good is
design.
If the
should
it
is
legible
to
the
be thoroughly satisfying read like an advertisement, or be like
of such fine proportion
why
conceit
as to
Everything in the shop marked in plain figures'? Some of the most beautiful Ciphers I have seen are to be found
on old French bindings, many of which would be xv
unintelligible
if
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS we
did not
know
for
whom
form in many instances the
These Ciphers decoration of the binding, some-
the books were bound. sole
times but a single impression appearing on each side, yet the book satisfies
one
as
Monogram and Cipher
case with the that it
is
This
being perfectly decorated.
to enrich a fine piece of
it
so
is
often the
the only ornament
may be
that in such places
workmanship
should be a piece of choice design.
This brings us to that disputed point in this branch of art, the reversing of letters. For my own part I have no hesitation whatever in reversing a other way, as
easy to
facing as rarely letters
or turning
it
upside down, or any
It produce a good piece of ornament. a space, and fill it with good balance, with the
if it will fill
we
are
accustomed to
see
them, but
is
letters
method
this
just
will
produce that grace, beauty of line, and easy balance that of similar form turned toward one another will give. As
an instance of
this I
which must be
would go no
familiar to all
and Diana of Poitiers
we
letter,
the
further than a single illustration
Monogram
Henri Deux, Diane.
HDD It
of
Henry n
matters not where
find this, in the decoration of a ceiling, in enamel or painted
book-binding, it has a dignity and feeling of easy repose that is never tiring. It would have been just as simple for the designer to have made a Monogram of these letters without
ornament, or
as a tooled
reversing one of the D's, but
give the grace of line
no other possible arrangement would we find in this device. Another excuse for
the reversing or turning upside
down of xvi
a letter
is,
that
when
the
INTRODUCTORY NOTE letters
A, B, C, D, E, K, M, N,
S,
W,
V,
Y occur upside down
and
you often get by turning a letter over or that will read the same from all points of view.
repeated, a
design
This advantageor Cipher is to be
must be apparent to all, where the Monogram seen from different positions, as it will be, for instance,
in the
top of
an inlaid table, a ceiling, a tiled or inlaid floor, or in the decoration of some small object like a finely bound book that will lie on a table, and on many a piece of the goldsmith's and silversmith's work.
N, O, S, X, and Z can be drawn in Roman so as to appear the same upside down, and do not require to be turned over or stood on their heads; but with the letters
The H,
W,
A, M, V, two occur
down
to
in
I,
and Y, though they will not require reversing where a combination, one will have to be turned upside-
make
If there arc
the design read
only the two
or four letters are the third or fourth
to
the
same from
letters, this
letter
is
whether
points of view.
be simple, but
will
be put together,
all
it
this
will is
if
three
depend on what
possible
or not.
I
do not hold with doubling one of the letters in a device simply If there is not a repeat letter, to turn over and make symmetry. or a letter of similar form in the combination of letters to be put together,
all
from various will be
letters
points
should be doubled of view, must
be
symmetry, or reading On Plate LXXXV had.
if
found a Cipher LT, planned without reversing to read the down ; a third letter, H, N, O, S, X, or Z, could be
same upside
introduced without altering the
LT,
xvn
so that
the combination of
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS would read
three letters
the top or the bottom. in this way. all
points of
most
same way, whether looked at from There are but few letters that will plan
in the
When it is required view, Roman letters
of a design that will usually be
it
from
found to give the
satisfactory result.
Intermixture of styles should always be avoided.
and Gothic are found too severe to
suit a
If the
Roman
given subject, the Cursive
with their easy flowing lines can be made to almost any space one will be called upon to fill with either
and Rustic fill
will read
Monogram
A pure
letters
or Cipher.
device besides being of one style of letter should also be
as a
whole
plan either a
;
Monogram
or a Cipher, but don't
The
combine the two.
only excuse that might be advanced for the mongrel form, would be where a combination of three or more
contained conjoined or hyphened words, represented by, AB-B or BC-D. Here the B-B and the C-D would form say,
letters
A
and the B separate letters interlaced into them. I have given illustrations of this mixed device on Plate n, BBA ; and on Plate XLII, EEO. For this last device there is no excuse,
Monograms,
as
except
a
the
trade-mark
to
be
written
quickly
;
a
circle
with
an upright stroke connecting the three in the centre, forming a solid device, EEO, on the lines of the three
horizontal
Cipher
FFO
When
strokes,
on Plate
XLIX.
planning a device avoid,
having three lines crossing
at the
if it is at all
possible to
same point, making three
xvm
do
so,
planes.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE There
always a confusion in the interlacing
is
there are
if
more
two planes, which produces a clumsy appearance in the There are cases when slanting or curved lines comedesign. than
across a straight line,
where three crossings could only he avoided
by contorting one of the allow the
to
one
at
crossings
three
MMT,
LXXXIX,
letters
planes.
point
and
will
on
such a place
in
;
be better
will
it
Examples of Ciphers having threebe found on Plate XL, K.K, Plate
Plate
YM.
xci,
not
Ciphers
inter-
woven, but placed side by side forming decorative lines, will be found on Plates xxm, xxxix, XLVII, and i.x. One with the letters written one within another, a useful form for trademarks,
is
A one
the
CCG
number of
on Plate xxn. the plates have the nine designs carried out in
These should be
style.
useful
characters of letters, as specimen
them under
as
examples
pages for
four heads as follows
styles.
of
the dirk-rent
1
have grouped
:
ROMAN. Plate LXXXI, light. Plate serif,
LXXXVII,
uniform
with cord and
Plate LXXXII, light, with cord and small
stroke,
serifs.
Plate
xevn,
tassel.
sans
tassel.
GOTHIC. Plate xn, heavy.
Plate LXXXVIII, light, pointed.
heavy, ending in leaf-forms. relief, for
Plate
stone- or wood-carving. xix
Plate xcn,
xcm, heavy, suggesting low
Plate c, black-letter.
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS CURSIVE.
xm
Plates
and
Plate
continuous.
Plate
slanting.
xv,
LXXXIV,
LXXXVI,
half- cursive,
cursive-Roman, thin, uniform stroke.
LXXXIII,
Plate
upright.
uniform
upright,
Plate
embroidery.
foliated,
LXXXV,
Plate
stroke.
xc,
Plate xcix, light, upright,
flourish.
RUSTIC. Plate
xi,
Plates
flourish.
Plate
jewellery. xci, xciv,
xx,
and
xcv,
two-colour.
Plate
xxxv,
Plate xcvin,
xcvi, upright.
quill-rustic.
Monograms and Ciphers
of three
different
On
found on Plates cxiv, cxv, and cxvi. are
firm-marks of two
cxxn
Plates
to
letters
joined
show
cxxvn
an
letters
the
Ampersand, &.
with
alphabet
the
The
examples being given in round and square form. of these plates contains also five examples of Cipher,
and
Names
cxxxiv
The list
1907, 1908, and
1905, 1906,
are
letters
fill
for
the
The
treatment
are
Monograms last
of
Sacred
last
Numerals
Plates
taken is
Inscriptions
cxxxin
one in
and
at
a
Monograms. random from a
suggestion for in
the
Monogram and
Cipher, following the style of the Italian Renaissance. One plate has been added to the work, engraved
xx
Co.,'
three-letter
cxxxv,
plate,
'&
Sacred Devices
1909.
cxxxn.
to
made up of Labels and
of authors.
decorative
cxxvm
Plates
be
cxvn to cxxi
Plates
with
will
by
INTRODUCTORY NOTE Thomas Moring, which shows some few ways
Mr.
which
in
these designs can be intelligently interpreted for a particular craft.
how
shows
It also
the character of a design
change is made in the letters or in work was taken as the model. The
a
the
FQ
transposed and
to read RS.
In the
made
FFR
R
preserved while
their
position.
PPF
has been altered to
OF; FR
to read
the
may he
has been
Plate
to read
made
i.
of the
FPF;
RF
FK; and
into a
R
P, an
substituted for the reversed F, and with a slightly different treatment
second F, the whole made to read RFP.
of the
the reversed
R
treatment in
all
last
has been
In the sixth design
turned back, a very slight difference
The
the letters being necessary to plan thi^ well. the same way.
three designs continue in
the engraved plate with Plate
i.
will
A
show with what
<>l
ot
comparison little
alteration
a different character or reading can be introduced into a design. I trust
tastes, if
work
I
there will be found something in this book to please
only a single device.
am
alone responsible.
For any errors there may be In the drawing of the plates
in the I
I been ably assisted by different members of the studio. One error has passed also indebted for the whole of Plate x.
unnoticed
till
the part was published.
on Plate xxxiv, is
I
have drawn
OP
;
What this,
should have been
though
a
all
have-
am me DP,
correct Cipher,
out of place on this plate.
A. A. CARLTON STUDIO, LONDON, March 1906. XXI
TURBAYNE.
MONOGRAMS AND CIPHERS
EPF
QF
RS
RFP
FS
SR
FF
SUGGESTIONS AS TO VARYING TREATMENT BY THE ENGRAVER OF THE DESIGNS
IN
THIS
WORK
AA
AA
AA
VARIOUS -TREATMENTS-OP -THE -SAME -DESIGN
PLATE
I
AA
AA
AA
AB
BA
AAB
BBA
AC
CA
AAC
PLATE
II
AA, AB, AC
PLATE
III-AC,
AD
AE
EA
AAE
EEA
AF
FA
AAF
FFA
AC e
PLATE
IV
AE, AF, AC,
GA
AAG
GGA
AH
HA
AAH
HHA
AI
AAI
PLATE V AG, AM, AI
1IA
AJ
JA
AAJ
JJA
AK
KA
AAK
KKA
PLATE VIAI.
AJ,
AK
AL
LA
AAL
LLA
AM
MA
AAM
MMA
AN
PLATE
VII
AL,
AM, AN
(
NA
AAN
NNA
AO
AAO
OOA
AP
PA
AAP
6 PLATE VI1I-AN, AO, AP
PPA
AQ.
QA
AR
RA
AAR
RRA
AS
SA
PLATE
IX
AP, AQ, AR,
AS
AAS
SSA
AT
TA
TTA
AU
UA
AAU
UUA
AM
PLATE X
AS,
AT,
AU
AV
VA
AW
WA
AAW
WWA
AX
AY
AZ
6 PLATE
XI
AV,
AW, AX, AY, AZ
PLATE XII- BB,
BC,
BD
EB
BBE
FFB
BG
EEB
BBF
e PLATE
XIII
BE, BF,
BG
GB
BBG
GGB
BH
HB
BBH
HHB
BI
BBI
PLATE XIV-BG,
BH, BI
PLATE XVBI,
BJ,
BK, BL
BBL
LLB
BM
MB
BBM
MMB
HN
NB
BBN
6 PLATE XVIBL, BM, BN
NNB
BO
OB
BBO
OOB
BP
BBP
PPB
e PLATE
XVII
BN, BO, BP
BR
BBR
RRB
BS
SB
BBS
SSB
6 PLATE XVIII-BQ,
BR, BS
BT
TB
BBT
TTB
BU
UB
BBU
UUB
BV
e PLATE XIX BT,
BU, BV
VB
BBV
BW
WB
WWB
BBW
BX
BY
BZ
e PLATE XX- BV, BW.
BX, BY, BZ
CCD
DDG
CE
E c
CCE
EEC
6 PLATE XXI
CC, CD,
CE
CF
FC
CCF
FFC
CG
GC
CCG
GGC
CH
e PLATE
XXII
CF, CG,
CH
HC
C
I
CCH
HHC
1C
CGI
IIC
PLATE
XXIII
CH,
CI,
CJ
CCJ
JJC
CK
KG
CCK
KKC
CL
LC
CCL
6
8
PLATE XXIV -CJ, CK, CL
LLC
CM
MC
GGM
MMC
CN
NC
CCN
NNC
6 PLATE XXV
CL, CM,
CN
CO
oc
ceo
PPG
CQ
ooc
CCP
e PLATE XXVI CO,
CP,
CQ
CR
RC
CCR
RRC
CS
SC
CCS
SSC
CT
PLATE XXVII
CR, CS,
CT
TC
CCT
TTC
CU
uc
ecu
uuc
cv
vc
PLATE XXVUlCT.
CU, CV
ccv
we
cw
we
ccw
wwc
ex
CY
cz
PLATE XXIX
CV,
CW, CX, CY, CZ
DD
DE
ED
DDE
EED
DF
FD
DDF
FFD
6 PLATE XXX-DD,
DE,
DF
DG
GD
DDG
GGD
DH
HD
DDH
HHD
DI
6 PLATE XXXI DG, DH, DI
DDI
IID
DK
KD
DDK
6
8 PLATE XXXII
Dl,
DJ,
DK
KKD
DL
LD
DDL
LLD
DM
MD
DDM
MMD
e PLATE XXXIII DK,
DL,
DM
DN
ND
DON
NND
DO
OD
DDO
OOD
DP
6 PLATE XXXIV DN, DO, DP
PD
DDP
PPD
DQ
DR
RD
DDR
RRD
DS
PLATE XXXV
DP, DQ, DR, DS
SD
DOS
SSD
DT
TD
DDT
TTD
DU
UD
PLATE XXXVI-DS, DT, DO
DDU
UUD
DV
VD
DW
WD
DDW
WWD
DX
6 PLATE XXXVII DU,
DV, DW,
DX
DY
DZ
EE
EF
FE
EEF
FFE
EG
GE
6 PLATE XXXVIII DY,
DZ, EE, EF,
EG
EEC
GGE
EH
mra HE
EEH
HHE
El
EEI
HE
PLATE XXXIX EG, EH,
El
EEJ
KKE
KE
EEK
EL
LE
6 PLATE XL-EJ, EK, EL
EEL
LLE
EM
ME
EEM
MME
EN
NE
EEN
6 PLATE XLI
EL,
EM, EN
NNE
EO
EEO
OOE
EP
PE
EEP
PPE
6 PLATE
XLII
EN, EO, EP,
EQ
kJ QE
ER
ER
RE
HER
RRE
ES
SE
EES
6 PLATE
XLIII
EQ, ER, ES
5SE
ET
TE
EET
TTE
EU
UE
EEU
UUE
PLATE XLIV
ES,
ET, EU
WE
EV
EEW
WWE
EX
EY
EZ
FF
6 PLATE XLV
EV,
EW, EX, EY,
EZ, FF
FG
GF
FFG
GGF
FH
HF
FFH
HHF
Fl
6 PLATE XLVI
FG, FH, Fl
FFI
FFK
IIP
FJ
FK
KF
KKF
FL
PLATE XLVII
FI,
FJ,
FK, FL
LF
FFL
LLF
FM
MF
FFM
MMF
FN
NF
6 PLATE
XLVI1I
FL,
FM, FN
-'" ':
i
.
.
>
.
.
*
FFN
NNF
FO
OF
FFO
OOF
FP
PF
FFP
e PLATE XLIX
FN, FO, FP
PPF
FQ
FR
RF
FFR
RRF
FS
5F
FFS
PLATE L
FH. Kg, KR, FS
SSF
FT
TF
FFT
TTF
FU
FFU
UUF
CR UF
e PLATE
LI
FS,
FT,
FU
IV
FX
VI
I-'W
FFW
WWF
FY
FZ
6 PLATE L1I-KV, KW,
FX, FV, FZ
GG
GH
HG
GGH
HHG
GI
GGI
IIG
GJ
PLATE
LIII
GO, GH,
GI,
GJ
GL
LG
PLATE LIVGJ, GK, GL
GGL
LLG
GM
MG
GGM
MMG
GN
NG
GGN
NNG
PLATE LV
GL,
GM, GN
OOG
GP
PG
GGP
PPG
GQ
e PLATE
LVI
GO, GP, GtJ
QG
GR
RG
GGR
RRG
G5
SG
GGS
SSG
e PLATE
LVII
GQ, GR, GS
GT
TCI
GOT
TTG
GU
UG
GGU
UUG
GV
6 PLATE LV1II-GT,
CiU,
GV
GGW
W WWG
GX "TfT,
GY
e PLATE LIX GV, GW, GX, GY,
GZ,
HH
HI
HHI
HK
KH
111
I
HHK
e
1 I'LATE LX
III,
HJ,
UK
KKH
HL
LH
MH
HHM
MMH
PLATE LXI HK,
HL,
HM
HN
NH
HHN
NNH
HO
HHO
OOH
HP
PH
e
ffl
PLATE
LXII
UN, HO, HP
HHP
PPH
HQ
QH
HR
RH
HHR
RRH
HS
PLATE
LXIII
HP, HQ,
IIR,
HS
HHS
SSH
HT
TH
HHT
TTH
HU
UH
6 PLATE LXIV-HS, HT, HU
HHU
UUH
HV
HW
WWH
HHW
HX
PLATE LXVHU,
HV,
HY
HW, HX, HY
KI
UK
PLATE LXVI
HZ,
KKI
II,
IJ.
IK.
1L
IIL
LLI
IM
IIM
MMI
NI
UN
NNI
e PLATE LXVII
IL,
IM, IN
IO
no
ooi
IP
IIP
PPI
iQ
IR
IIR
e PLATE LXVIH-IO,
IP,
IQ, IR
RRI
IS
IIS
SSI
IT
IIT
TTI
IU
IIU
e PLATE LXIX
IR,
IS,
IT, IU
IW
WWI
IIW
IZ
6 PLATE LXX
1U, IV,
IW,
IX, IY, IZ
e PLATE LXXI-JJ,
JK, JL,
JM
MJ
MMJ
JJM
JJO
NNJ
e PLATE LXXII-JM.
JN,
JO
oo;
(1
JJP
JQ
PPJ
QJ
e
a PLATE
LXXIII
JO, JP, JQ,
JR
RRJ
JS
s;
JJS
SSJ
JT
TJ
JJT
e
I PLATE LXXIV-JR,
JS,
JT
TTJ
UUJ
JJV
PLATE LXXV
JT, JU, JV,
JW
LK
KK
KL
KKL
LLK
PLATE LXXVI JW,
JX, JY. JZ,
KK. KL
^ : .
MMK
KN
KKN
NNK
PLATE LXXVIIKM, KN, KO
KO
OK
KKO
OOK
KP
PK
KKP
PPK
KQ
QK
e PLATE LXXVIII-KO, KP,
KR
RK
KKR
KKS
SSK
K.T
e PLATE LXXIX KR,
KS,
KT
KU
UK
KKU
UUK
KV
VK
PLATE LXXX KT, KU, KV
KKV
KW
WK
KY
KZ
ZK
@ PLATE LXXXI KV, KW, KX, KV, KZ
LL
ML
LM
17 (
H/JS LLM
MML
LN
NL
LLN
NNL
e PLATE LXXX1I
JLL,
LM, LN
LO
OL
LLO
OOL
LP
PL
LLP
LPP
PLATE LXXXIII
L
LO, LP,
LQ
LLR
LR
RL
LRK
LS
(. HrK PMI SL
LLS
PLATE LXXXIV
SSL
LQ. LR, LS
LT
TL
LLT
LLU
UUL
LV
PLATE LXXXVLT,
LU, LV
VL
LW
LLW
WWL,
LX
LY
YL
LZ
PLATE LXXXVI
LV,
LW, LX, LY, LZ
** ; ,
MM
MN
NM
MMN
NMN
MO
OM
MMO
OOM
6 PLATE LXXXVII MM, MN, MO
MP
PM
MMP
MR
RM
MMR 6
PLATE LXXXV1H MP, Mg, MR
RRM
MS
SM
MMT
TTM
e
ffi
PLATE LXXXIX MR,
MS,
MT
)
UM
MMT
UUM
MV
\'M
MW
WM
MU
Kr
^/d
6 PLATE XC MU, MV,
MW
W\VM
MX
MY
YM
MZ
NN
NO
ON
NNO
PLATE XCI MW, MX, MY, MZ,
NN,
NO
OON
NP
PN
NNP
PPN
NQ
NR
RN
e PLATE XCII-NO,
NP, NQ,
NR
NNR
RRN
N
SN
NNS
SSN
NT
TN
NNT
PLATE
XCIII
NR, NS,
NT
S
TTN
NU
UN
NNU
UUN
NV
VN
N
W
WN 6
PLATE XCIV-NT, NU, NV,
NW
NNW
WWN
NX
NY
NZ
00
OP
PO
OOP
6 PLATE XCV NW, NX, NY,
NZ, OO,
OP
OR
FPO
OC
RO
OOR
RRO
OS
so
oos 6
PLATE XCVIOP, OQ,
OR, OS
GOT
TTO
OU
OV
VO 6
PLATE XCVII
OS,
OT, OU, OV
oov
wo
ow
wo
oow
\\'\X'O
ox
OY
oz
la
PLATE
XCVIII
0V,
OW, OX, OY, OZ
pp
Q.P
c
PR
RP
PPR \)
PRR
PS
PLATE XCIX
PP, PQ, PR, PS
SP
TP
PPT
TTP
PU
UP
PPU
PLATE C-PS,
PT, PU
UUP
PV
VP
PPV
PW
WP
PX
6 PLATE
CI
PIT,
PV,
PW, PX
PY
p
PZ
SQ
QT
v'
QQ
QS
6 ft)
PLATE
CII
PY, PZ, tw, gR, gs,
QU
TQ
UQ
QX
YQ
QY PLATE -'.-
CIII
tJT,
QU, QW, QX, QY, QZ
QZ
RR
RS
SR
RRS
SSR
RT
TR
RRT
TTR
6 PLATE CIV-RR,
RS,
RT
-
\u
RU
UR
RRU
UUR
RV
VR
RW
WR
RRW 6
PLATE CV
RU, RV,
RW
WWR
RX
RY
YR
RZ
SS
ST
TS
SST
6 PLATE CVIRW,
RX, RY, RZ,
SS,
SI
TTS
su
U5
USS
SV
VS
SSV
sw
ws e
PLATE CVIIST,
SU, SV,
SW
sws
wvrs
sx
SY
YS
SYS
sz
TT
TU
PLATE CV1II-SW.
SX, SV, SZ,
TT, TU
UT
TTU
UUT
TV
VT
TTV
TW
TTW 6 PLATE CIX TU, TV,
TW
WTW
TX
TY
YT
TTY
TZ
UU
UV
vu
6 PLATE CX-TW, TX, TY, TZ, UU. UV
uw
wu
wwu
uuw
ux
UY
YU
uz
vv e
PLATE CXI UW, UX, UY,
UZ, VV
vw
wv
W\W
VX
VY
YV
vz
W ww
6 PLATE CXII-VW,
VX, VY, VZ,
WW, WX
WY
XX
XY
XZ
YY
YZ
ZZ
6 PLATE
CXIII
WY, WZ, XX, XV,
XZ, YY, YZ, ZZ
ABC
BCD
CDE
DEF
EFG
FGH
CHI
HIJ
IJK
PLATE CXIV THREE-LETTER
CIPHERS,
w
JKL
KLM
MNO
NOP
P Q.R
LMN
RST
PLATE CXV THREE-LETTER MONOGRAMS
STU
STU
TUV
TUV
UVW
UVW
vwx
WXY
XYZ
6
6)
PLATE CXVI THREE LETTER CIPHERS AND MONOGRAM
A8B
B8A
B&C
C8B
C&D
D&C
D&E
E&D
E&F
6 PLATE CXVII
TWO
LETTERS WITH THE &
G&H
F&G
G&F
HSG
H&I
6 PLATE CXVH1-TWO LETTERS WITH THE &
K8J
K&L
L&K
L&M
M&L
M8N
N&O
O&N
T
N0M
PLATE CXIX
TWO
LETTERS WITH THE &
O8P
P&O
Q8P
Q8R
R8S
S6R
S8T
e PLATE CXX
TWO
LETTERS WITH THE
It
T& 5
U&V
6 PLATE CXXI
TWO
LETTERS WITH THE &
B0C9
A8C9LP
B8C?
C8C9
C8C9
E0C9
D8C9
PLATE CXXII COMPANY CIPHERS
F8C2
G8C2
F&C2
H&C2
6 PLATE
CXXIII
COMPANY CIPHERS
K8C9
L#C9
L8C2
M8C9
M8C9
N8C9
PLATE CXXIV -COMPANY CIPHERS
m N8C2
O&C9
O8C2
P<3C2
P<3C2
Q&C2
*TA
R0C2
e
e PLATE CXXV COMPANY CIPHERS
58C2
S8C2
S&C1
S&C?
U8C2
6 PLATE CXXVI-COMPANY CIPHERS
W8C9
X8C9
Y8C2
Z8C9
1905
19O6
19O7
19O8
1909
6 PLATE CXXVII COMPANY CIPHERS, YEARS
XP AH
IMS
XPC
CHRIST
XP
ESUS
PLATE CXXVIII-SACRF.D DEVICES
MARY
XPC
XPZ
JOSEPH
INRI
RAO IHS
6 PLATE CXXIX SACRED DEVICES
ALPHA
OMEGA 6 PLATE CXXX SACRED HEVICES
rr
IHS
XPC
IHS
IHC
IHS
IHC
XPS IHS
PLATE CXXXI SACRED DEVICES
ANNO
AD
AU
DOMINI
AD
e PLATE IXXXII-SACRED DEVICES
EAP
RWE 6 PLATE CXXXIII LABELS AND MONOGRAMS
LFA
EBB JFC
6 PLATE CXXXIV LABELS AND MONCXJRAMS
ffl
PLATE CXXXV SACRED DEVICES
K
T
ami
1)1
A.
N K f K(i H
CON s
Printers In His
I'
A
H
MajrMy
1. F.
NK
36MO T8 1906 C.I ROBA
