Modeling and simulation of Computer Network using OPNET

Project Thesis Modeling and simulation of Computer Network in Bahria University Islamabad using OPNET

Adil Nazir Malik

Faisal Mehmood

Supervised By Mr. Waqar Ahmad Lecturer, Department of Computer & Software Engineering Modeling and simulation of Computer Network in Bahria University Islamabad using OPNET

i

Abstract OPNET is a simulation software tool with rich and complex set of libraries to model, configure and simulate the entire heterogeneous network. Bahria Campus computer network consists of access points, switches, routers, servers etc. The model on OPNET is configured and simulated to analyze traffic load, delay, data rate, LAN and WLAN characteristics, ping reports and network efficiency. The project results in best settings for our network and can predict the cost, traffic behaviors, throughput and efficiency of the network beforehand.

Modeling and simulation of Computer Network in Bahria University Islamabad using OPNET

ii

Acknowledgements First and foremost all praise to Almighty Allah, the Most Merciful and Compassionate, Who enabled us to initiate and complete this project successfully on time. We are extremely fortunate to work under the supervision of Mr. Waqar Ahmed who supported and provided us with valuable suggestions and significant encouragement throughout this project. Especially an honorable mention goes to Mr. Fazal Murtaza whose continued support and assistance made this project possible. We appreciate his generosity in devoting his time and technical support at every stage. And we are also thankful to Mr.Imran Khan and Mr. Junaid Imtiaz who inspired us the most when we were selecting this project. At last we are very grateful to our parents who had been a constant support, help and encouragement not only during the project but throughout our four years degree.


iii

List of Figures Figure #

Page #

Figure 1

WLAN Simple Architecture……………………………

3,3

Figure 2

Ad hoc Mode………………………………………………..

5

Figure 3

Infrastructure Mode ……………………………………….

6

Figure 4

OPNET- A Network Simulation Tool……………………..

10

Figure 5

OPNET Editors…………………………………………….

11

Figure 6

Menu and Tool Bar of OPNET …………………………….

12

Figure 7

Design of Network…………………………………………

15

Figure 8

The OPNET……………………………………………………

16

Figure 9

Name of Project………………………………………………

17,

Figure 10

Initial Topology…………………………………………….

18

Figure 11

Network Scale………………………………………………

18

Figure 12

Specify Size…………………………………………………

19

Figure: 13

OPNET Task Environment………………………………….

19

Figure: 14

LAN And WLAN Component in Object Platte……………...

29,

Figure 15

Network of NC Campus on OPNET…………………………..

23,

Figure 16

Model of Network of Bahria University NC Campus ………..

24,

Figure 17

Setting of Application Configuration ………………………….

26

Figure 18(a)

Defined Names for Each Profile………………………………

27

Figure 18 (b) Defined Applications for Each Profile………………………..

28


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Page #

Figure 19

Repeatability for each Profile……………………………

29

Figure 20(a)

Application Description of Web Browsing (light)……...

30

Figure 20(b)

HTTP Table……………………………………………..

31

Figure 21

First Floor of NC Campus………………………………

32,

Figure 22(a)

Attributes of Work Stations ……………………………..

33

Figure 22(b)

Supported Profiles for Workstations …………………….

33

Figure 22(c) Selected Profile for Workstations………………………..

33

Figure 23

WLAN Parameters of Workstations……………………….

34,

Figure 24

WLAN Servers (Applications Supported Services)……….

35,

Figure 25

WLAN Servers (Applications Supported Profiles)………..

36,

Figure 26

Omni Directional Patterns of Signal Transmission of Access Points….

37

Figure 27

BSS Allocation…………………………………………….

38

Figure 28

Configurations for Access Point……………………………

39

Figure 29 (a)

FTP Server (Application Supported Services)……………

40

Figure 29(b)

HTTP Server (Application Supported Services)…………

41

Figure 30

Internet Tool Box…………………………………………

42

Figure 31

Choose Individual Statistic of Work Stations………........

44


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List of Figures Figure # Figure 32 Figure 33

Page # Choose Individual Statistic of Access Point………………

45,

Choose Individual Statistic of Router…………………….

45

FTP Server Statistic ……………………………………..

46

Figure 34(b) HTTP Server Statistic……………………………………

46

Figure 35

48

Figure 34(a)

IP Attributes Configuration ……………………………..

Figure 36

IP ping Traffic Flow …………………………………….

49

Figure 37

RIP protocol Enable………………………………………

50

Figure 38

Simulation Configuration…………………………………

51

Figure 39

Simulation is Running for 1800 Sec ……………………..

52

Figure 40

Simulation Completed…………………………………….

52

Figure 41

Opening Simulation Log………………………………….

53

Figure 42

Simulation Log Browser …………………………………

54

Figure 43(a)

Ping Report………………………………………………..

55

Figure 43(b) For Understanding of Ping Report ……………………….

55

Figure 44

57

Load, Delay and throughput of First Floor Node 3 and Node 10…

Figure 45

Delay and throughput of First Floor Node 7 and Node15……….

58,

Figure 46

Results of Switch Main 3 and Labs Switch…………………

59,

Figure 47

Load, delay and Throughput of Switches of Different Floors

60,

Figure 48

Load, delay and Throughput of Local Server…………………..

61


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Page #

Figure 49

RIP and Ethernet channel Graphs……………………………….

62

Figure 50

CPU utilization…………………………………………….

62

Figure 51(a)

Load and Ethernet Delay………………………………….

63

Figure 51(b) Traffic sent and Traffic Received ………………………..

63

Figure 52(a)

Load and Delay……………………………………………

64

Figure 52(b) Traffic sent and Traffic Received………………………….

64

Figure 53

Average Load and Delay of WLAN……………………….

65,

Figure 54

Average Throughput and Data drop of WLAN……………

66,

Figure 55

Ethernet Delay of WLAN………………………………….

66,

Figure 56

Traffic sent, Traffic received, download and upload time of Email……

67

Figure 57

Numerical Statistics………………………………………

68

Figure 58

Numerical Statistics of WLAN load………………………..

69,

Figure 59

Text report of Load of all of WLAN nodes………………..

69,

Figure 60

Text report of Delay of all of WLAN nodes………………

70,

Figure 61

Link Statistic visualization…………………………………

71

Figure 62

Throughput and queuing delay going out from NC first Floor Switch..

72,

Figure 63

Future Work…………………………………………………

73


vii

List of Tables Table #

Page #

Table 1

Comparison Table…………………………………

4

Table 2

Apparatus…………………………………………

15

Table 3

Components of Network…………………………

21

Table 4

Different Applications used for Different Profiles…

27

Table 5

Repeatability for each Profile……………………

29

Table 6

Settings for the HTTP and FTP Servers………………

40


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Table of Contents Contents

Page #

Abstract….................................................................................................

i

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………..

ii

List of Figures…………………………………………………………...

iii-vi

List of Tables……………………………………………………………

vii

Chapter 1 1.

Overview of the Project………………………………………….

1

1.1

Introduction……………………………………………...

1

1.2

The need for model of network……………………….....

1

1.3

Objectives………………………………………………..

2

Chapter 2,2 2.

WLAN Networking……………………………………………….

3

2.1

Wireless Local area network (WLAN)……………………

3

2.2

Wireless Local Area network architecture……………….

3

2.3

Wi-Fi Technology…………………………………………

4

2.4

Wi-Fi Modes………………………………………………

4

2.4.1

Ad hoc Mode………………………………………

5

2.4.2

Infrastructure Mode…………………………………

6

2.5

Basic service set……………………………………………

6

2.5.1

7

Independent Basic Service Set………………………


ix

2.5.2

Basic service set identifier…………………………..

7

Table of Contents Contents 2.6

Page # Data Link Layer…………………………………………

7

2.6.1 Logical Link Control……………………………..

7

2.6.2 Media Access Control……………………………

7

3. Introduction to OPNET……………………………………………..

9

Chapter 3

3.1

Introduction……………………………………………

9

3.2

OPNET Features……………………………………….

9

3.3

OPNET Editors…………………………………………

10

3.3.1 Project Editor………………………………………

10

3.3.2 Node Editor………………………………………..

10

3.3.3 Process Editor……………………………………..

11

3.4

The Manu and Tool bar of OPNET………………………

12

3.5

The Message Area…………………………………………

13

Setting up the Project………………………………………………

14

4.1

The Implementation of Project on OPNET…………………

14

4.2

Creating Scenario on OPNET……………………………….

16

Chapter 4,4.0 4.


x

4.3

Final Network Model ………………………………………..

22

Table of Contents Contents 4.4

Page # Configuring Applications…………………………

25

4.4.1

25

Application Configuration…………………

4.4.2

Profile Configuration………………………

26

4.4.3

Wireless Workstations Configurations………

32

4.4.3.1 Lan Workstations Configurations…………….. 4.4.4

Wireless Servers Configurations………………

35

4.4.4.1 Lan Servers Configurations…………………..

4.5

4.4.5

Access Points Configurations…………………

37,

4.4.6

HTTP and FTP Servers Configurations………

40

4.4.6.1

For FTP Server………………………

40

4.4.6.2

For HTTP Server……………………

41

Links between Nodes……………………………………

41

Choosing Statistics………………………………………………

43

5.1

Collecting Statistics of Workstations……………………

43

5.2

Collecting Statistics of Access Points……………………. 44

Chapter 5 5.

5.2.1 Collecting Statistics of Switches……………………. 5.3

Collecting Global Statistics of Network…………………

47


xi

5.4

5.3.1

Global statistics of Network……………………… 47

5.3.2

Link statistics of Network………………………… 47

Ping ……………………………………………………..

47

Table of Contents Contents

Page #

Chapter 6 6.

Result Analysis of Ping Report and Graphs………………………

53

6.1

Ping Report………………………………………………

54

6.2

Load Vs Throughput………………………………………

56

6.3

Results of Workstations……………………………………

56

6.4

Results of Access Points…………………………………..

59

6.4.1

Results of Switches………………………………………..

6.5

Results of Local Server…………………………………….

61

6.6

Results of Routers…………………………………………

62

6.7

Results of HTTP and FTP server……………………………

63

6.7.1

HTTP Server Graphs……………………………….

63

6.7.2

FTP Server Graphs………………………………….

64

6.8

Overall Average load, delay, throughput and data drop of the Network …

65

6.9

Email Response of the Whole Network……………………..

67

6.10

Viewing of Numerical Results……………………………..

68

6.11

Results of Links………………………………………………

71


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Chapter 7 7.

Future Work and Conclusions………………………………………

73

7.1

Future Work…………………………………………………

73

7.2

Conclusion…………………………………………………..

75

References……………………………………………………………………

76


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Chapter # 1 1. Overview of the project 1.1 Introduction Computer Network is a worldwide use technology in these days. It is changing a world communication system many companies, offices colleges and universities has installed a this computer network to provide a LAN and wireless internet facilities.

1.2 The need for model of network Network designers and managers often ask “what if” question about the network. Following could be the “what if” questions Ø How much delay in the network will be if the number of users gets double? Ø How much will be the load on our network during peak traffic time? Ø What would happen if the key device fails during the peak traffic condition? Ø What would be the traffic route if any of the devices fails? Ø What would be the mean throughput if we upgrade the 10Mbps link? Ø How much cost will it require to install the network? Ø To answer these questions we cannot do experiments on live network. We will have to use some software to model our network. The network model could be use for Ø Planning a network implementation Ø Planning an expansion of existing network Ø Problem diagnostic But it is impossible to show the exact amount of traffic at any point at any time.


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1.3 Objectives: We want to model, simulate and optimize the NC Campus network of Bahria University. We will be using the OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tools) to find a delay, load and throughput of our network by applying different network conditions. After analyzing the results through graphs we will choose the best setting for our network. Two type of network used in our university, one is WLAN and other is LAN.

_____________________________________


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Chapter # 2 2. WLAN Networking

2.1 Wireless Local area network (WLAN) Wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices wirelessly using radio and infrared radio frequency technology. In recent years, devices like computers in buildings, offices and universities used to connect with each other using a wired medium. It was expensive and difficult to move. With WLAN, devices can communicate with each other using a wireless medium with flexibility, mobility and portability at any time anywhere with less cost.

2.2 Wireless Local Area Network Architecture Wireless local area network consist of a access point which is usually a router and it gives access to the physical network using a Ethernet cable, wireless client such as laptops, computers and smart phones like I Phone. All these devices are equipped with wireless network interface controller. Each wireless access point transmits a signal using an Omni- directional antenna to the range of about 35m to over a kilometer depending upon the signal strength and size of the antenna.


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Figure 1: WLAN simple architecture

2.3 Wi-Fi Technology Wi-Fi wireless fidelity is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. It is a most common wireless technology used to connect two or more devices wirelessly through internet or with out internet (ad-hoc network). It was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1997. It is based on a IEEE 802.11 standard. IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n are the most common used standards these days.i Bahria university NC campus is using IEEE 802.11g standard. The comparison between each standard is shown in table below. 802.11

Frequency

Bandwidth

Data Rate

Indoor

Outdoor

protocol

(GHz)

(MHz)

(M bits/sec)

range

range

(Meters)

(Meters)

802.11a

5GHz

20MHz

54Mbits/sec

35m

120m

802.11b

2.4GHz

20MHz

11Mbits/sec

38m

140m

802.11g

2.4GHz

20MHz

52Mbits/sec

38m

140m

802.11n

5GHz

40MHz

150Mbits/sec

70m

250m

Table 1: Comparison Table


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2.4 Wi-Fi Modes There are two types of operating modes of Wi-Fi network. 1- Ad- hoc mode 2- Infrastructure mode

2.4.1 Ad hoc Mode

Figure 2: Ad hoc mode

It is a communication mode that allows devices to communicate each other directly. No access point is require, devices forward packets to each other called peer to peer communication mode and IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set). Ad hoc mode is a best mode to connect a small number of devices but disconnection may accrue time to time and the performance decrease as the number of devices increases.


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2.4.2 Infrastructure mode

Figure 3: Infrastructure mode The above diagram is showing a simple Wi-Fi network in which three computers are connected to one access point AP. Infrastructure mode connects wireless network to a wired Ethernet network so that client could get access to Internet connections or printer. Access point is also a router used to route a wireless traffic to a wired network. We can also use many AP to create a large network. The infrastructure mode of Wi-Fi network supports a limited but large number of wireless clients.ii

2.5 Basic service set Basic service set (BSS) is a set of nodes that can communicate with each other. It is a basic building block of a network. In case of a infrastructure mode, the single access point and all the devices that are connected to it called a basic service set. And a set of BSSs in a network called an extended service set.iii


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2.5.1 Independent Basic Service Set Similarly in case of Ad Hoc mode the devices are connected to each other without the access point form a service set called a independent service set.

2.5.2 Basic service set identifier The basic service set identifier (BSSID) is 46-bit random number MAC (media access control) address used to identify an each BSS. In a independent basic service set it is generated randomly.

2.6 Data link layer The data link layer in Wi-Fi layer of 802.11 is subdivided into two sub layers Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).

2.6.1 Logical Link Control It is an upper sub layer of data link layer in Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of communication it controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking. LLC allows us to connect from wireless to wire network.

2.6.2 Media Access Control It is sub layer in Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model of communication. It supports multiple users on a same medium and allows data packets to move from one network interface card to another. The method that MAC uses is called CSMA (carries sense medium access). In this method a node sense a channel before transmitting. If the medium is idle, node start transmitting and if medium is busy, node waits until it’s available Second method is called ALOHA. It is a Radio-based communication network which was developed in 1970s at the University of Hawaii. The basic idea of this technique was to transmit when a node has a frame to be sent. The Receiver sends


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ACK for data. The timing of ACK Detect collisions if the timing is too short means there is large number of collisions and if it is too long then it is underutilization The last method is RTS/CTS to solve hidden node problem. If node wants to send a data to another node it first initiates the process by sending a RTS (Request to Send) frame. The receiver replies with CTS (clear to send) frame to the transmitter. Then transmitter starts sending the data. If a transmitter node fails to receive a CTS frame, transmitter will sense that medium is idle and the result will be in collision. _____________________________


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Chapter # 2 2. LAN Networking 2.1 Local area network (LAN) Local area network (LAN) links two or more devices wirely using hub and switching technology. In recent years, devices like computers in buildings, offices and universities used to connect with each other using a wired medium. It was expensive and difficult to move. But more reliable than WLAN. In this devices can communicate with each other using a wire medium with flexibility, mobility and portability at any time anywhere with more effective speed and efficiently.

2.2 Local Area Network Architecture Local area network consist of a hub or switch that works on layer two, connect with layer four Switch that is connected with router. The Systems are connected with these switches through LAN cables. Those are usually two types, one a type and other is B type straight copper wire that is plugged in Ethernet card. This Ethernet card is built on mother board of system. It’s Works on first layer that is called physical layer. In LAN architecture, signals support 300m to 350m distance after this use repeaters or patch panels to get accurate speed. Local area network is used in one or two campuses, more than one campus we use fiber to connect those campuses to get accurate speed.


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Figure 1: LAN simple architecture

2.3 LAN Technology LAN is usually used for two are more devices to connect with each other with a leased circuit. Its connect to points, so its also called point to point communication. It has three useful properties those are given below. 1- Each connection is independent and appropriate hardware for communication. 2- Two points knowledge that how to send and receive data and provide exclusive access. 3- When two computers have access channel, so it enforce security and privacy.

2.4 LAN Topologies 1- Star topology. 2- Ring topology. 3- Bus topology.

2.5 Star Topology Network In Star Topology, a hub connected in center of a small network and receives the data from sender and sends the data to receiver. Drawback of this network is that if the main device hub is failed than your whole network is down.


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Figure. A Star Topology Network 2.6 Ring Topology Network In Ring topologies network all devices are connected in a specific ring and send or receive the data from one and send to another device. The major drawback of this network is single medium. If fault on one side in any device that down the whole network.

Figure 3: Ring Topology Network

2.7 Bus Topology Network In Bus topology all the devices connected on network ensure that only one device can communicate at single time and when it served than other device send or receive the request.

Figure. A Bus Topologies Network.


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Chapter # 3

3. Introduction to OPNET

3.1 Introduction OPNET is a network modeling tool used for creating, testing and optimizing the network on software. OPNET modeler was created by the company name OPNET technologies Inc in 1987. It enables the possibility to simulate entire heterogeneous networks (network connecting computers and other devices with different operating systems and/or protocols) with various protocols and helps in troubleshooting the real world network interfaces. It can run on windows 2000, XP, 7 and on Linux environment as well. It is capable of simulating the networking equipments like routers, switches, Hub, bridges, links form world leading network equipments manufacturing companies like Cisco, 3Com, Bays Network, etc.

3.2 OPNET Features Following are the OPNET features Ø Friendly graphical user interface (GUI) Ø Animation Ø Provides Hundreds of protocol and vendor device models Ø Object-oriented modeling Ø Hierarchical modeling environment Ø Flexibility to develop detailed custom models Ø Integrated GUI debugging and analysis tool Ø Highly efficient simulation engine


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Figure 4: OPNET- A network simulation tool [iv]

3.3 OPNET Editors OPNET is very powerful tool with rich functionalities. The main purpose of this tool is to analyze the true behavior of the network by viewing model design, collecting data and simulation results analysis. The OPNET editors help us in viewing the model. Its editor is divided into three sub herirarical editors.v

3.3.1 Project Editor The project editor graphically represents the topology of communication network. This is a main area where we create a network. It includes nodes, links, subnets etc.

3.3.2 Node Editor This editor shows the architecture of a node. The node is made up of different modules. The functionality of a node depends upon these modules. They are use to send or receive packet to from other node.

3.3.3 Process Editor


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This editor shows a detailed specification of protocols, resources, applications, algorithms, and queuing policies [vi]. It controls the functionality of modules created in node editor by using C++ blocks.

Figure5: OPNET Editors

3.4 The Menu and tool bar of OPNET


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The menu and tool bar of OPNET which is shown below only appear in project editor.

Figure 6: Menu and tool bar of OPNET If you place your courser over any of the button for few seconds the help will appear as shown below

3.5 The message area At the bottom of the project editor there is a message area. It provides the information about the status of your project.

If the appear message is larger then the message area then you will have to click on the icon

to read the entire message.


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Chapter # 4 4. Setting up the Project 4.1 The Implementation of Project on OPNET The model we want to implement is BAHRIA UNIVERSITYS NC CAMPUS. As it is based upon local area network so we are implementing its LAN network. By taking the survey of NC CAMPUS we have found that there are about 2 ACCESS POINTS at the each floor, so we will require total 6 ACCESS POINTS in our model. Two Software Labs on second floor and 18 halls on Ground floor and First floor and each hall have complete computer system with network. In basement one management sciences faculty and Admission office, both have network connection. Total number of network node there are 12. On first floor one social science faculty and Video conference room. Total number of 20 nodes there. Second floor have one management sciences Faculty, It has 10 nodes. Third floor has 7 nodes in library and LDC Lab also have 20 nodes. By taking the survey of XC CAMPUS we have found that there are about 8 ACCESS POINTS at the each floor, so we will require total 18 ACCESS POINTS in our model. All of these above access points are connected with the local switches of the XC CAMPUS. So we will require 1 switch for each floor for connecting Access Points, and then we will require 1 main switch of XC Campus which will connect all the floor switches. So total no of switches will require at XC Campus is 4.

By taking the survey of OC CAMPUS we have found that there are about 1 ACCESS POINTS at the each floor, Total 3 Access Points in Old Campus. Old Campus have Four Labs And four faculty Rooms and 16 Halls, each hall have network point all are connecting with switches in old campus server room that is connected with NC Campus With Fiber line.


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The main switch of XC campus is connected with the main switch of OC campus by LAN cable and further from the switch of OC campus LAN cable goes to the NC campus and connects with its switch; here we also have local firewall and then that switch is connected with the router and then it goes external world of internet cloud, which also have some restrictions so again we will require firewall and then IP cloud is connected with FTP and HTTP servers which are responsible for providing the data.

Figure 7: Design of network

Apparatus required for Modeling

Devices

Quantity

Access points

26

Switches

27

Local servers + workstations

300

Router

1

IP Cloud

1

Service providers Servers

2

Cables

Depends upon distance

Table 2: Apparatus

4.2 Creating Scenario On OPNET: By running the OPNET, the figure 8 given below appears on the screen.


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Figure 8: The OPNET As we want to make model so need to do the steps given below: Ø Select FILE → New (project) → OK Now figure 9 will appear on your screen.

Figure 9: Name of Project


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Here we have chosen Project name: Final_year_Project Scenario name: All campuses are into scenarios because our simulator is Academic version. Four scenarios: Ø Bahria_Uni Ø Bahria_Uni_1 Ø Bahria_OldCampus Ø Bahria_Labs

In this initial topology window Ø Select create empty scenario →next As shown in figure 10

Figure 10: Initial topology


20

Ø Now choose network scale →Campus → next. (shown in fig 11)

Figure 11: Network Scale Ø Now specify size in meters, and take X Span 300 Y Span 300 and select next.

Figure 12: Specify size Ø Now the following figure 13 will appear on your screen and this is OPNET task environment


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Figure 13: OPNET Task Environment Now as object palette shown in figure 13 .This palette contains all the components and apparatus we required. At the moment it is showing components of internet_toolbox, but we are intrusting in VLAN and WLAN Advance so open that arrow and switch to VLAN and WLAN components as shown in figure 14.


22

Figure 14: WLAN components in Object Palette

The components which are used for the implementation for the design of Wireless LAN are shown below in the table 3:


23

Components

Model

Application Configurations

Application Config

Profile Configurations

Profile Config

Workstations

VLAN

Access Points

Wlan_ethernet_router_adv

Servers

VLAN

Routers

Ethernet4_slip8_gtwy

Subnets

Subnet

Connection to Internet

Ip32_cloud

Connections

100baseT and PPP_DS1


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Ethernet servers

Ethernet_server

Firewall

Ethernet2_slip8_firewall

Switch

Ethernet16_switch_adv

Table 3: Components of Network

We will take these components from the object palette when we will require them.

4.3 Final network model:

Figure 15 is the final network model of BAHRIA UNIVRSITY, which is implemented with the help of the components described in table 3. After modeling the network check the connectivity of each link by clicking on this button. If no link fails it means you have modeled correctly all the links are connected. This is just the model of the network or in simple it is the map of Bahria University’s network of Whole campus which we have implemented on OPNET.


25

The design of this model was described before in figure 7, which we have implemented now on OPNET:

Figure 15: Network of Bahria University campus on OPNET


26


27

Figure : Model of Network of Bahria University OC Campus


28

Figure 16: Model of Wi-Fi network of Bahria University XC Campus


29


30


31

Figure: Model of Network of Bahria University NC Campus

Now the next step is we have to generate the traffic on our model so that it behaves like a network, because without traffic our network is just a map or model which can do nothing.

4.4 Configuring Applications: The profile and applications are the very important parts of traffic generation. We will define the profiles in the profile definition object and applications in the application definition object. The profile is applied to a workstation, server or WLAN. It tells and specifies the applications used by a particular group of users. The application may be of any common application like email, database, file transfer, web browsing etc.

4.4.1 Application Configuration:


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For the implementation of application configuration (application Config) we need the following steps. Ø From object palette select VLAN and wireless_lan_adv and drag application

Config

on the project work space.

Ø Now right click on it and select edit attributes Ø Set its name to “application configuration” Ø Set its attribute , application definition→ default → ok

The above steps are also shown in figure 17

Figure 17: Settings of application configuration

Here we are setting the attribute application definition to default but it will change after definition of profile configuration.


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4.4.2Profile configuration: We need following steps for profile configuration. Ø From object palette select VLAN and wireless_lan_adv and drag profile

Config

into the workspace.

Ø Now right click upon it and open its edit attributes Ø Set its name as profile configuration. Ø Now we need to edit its attributes, open edit attributes and open profile configuration in it select 3 rows in it. These 3 rows are basically 3 profiles which we will define in the next step. Ø Now we have to set the name for each profile 1st profile name = XC first floor (for row 0) 2nd profile name = XC ground floor (for row 1) 3rd profile name = XC Basement (for row 2) 4th profile name = NC first floor (for row 3) 5th profile name = NC ground floor (for row 4) 6th profile name = NC Basement (for row 5) 7th profile name = OC first floor (for row 6) 8th profile name = OC ground floor (for row 7) 9th profile name = OC Basement (for row 8) 10th profile name = NC Second Floor (for row 9) Ø Now we have to set the applications for each profile. Applications for each profile or row are given below in the table 4:

Profiles

For row 0:

Applications Using v Database access (Heavy)


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v Email (Heavy) XC first floor

v File transfer(Heavy) v Web browsing (Heavy) v Database access (light)

For row 1:

v Email (light) XC ground floor

v File transfer(light) v Web browsing (light)

For row 2: v Database access (Heavy) XC Basement

v Email (Heavy) v File transfer(Heavy)

For row 3: NC First Floor

v Database access (Heavy) v Email (Heavy) v File transfer(Heavy)

For row 4:

v Database access (light) NC Second Floor

v Email (light) v File transfer(light) v Web browsing (light)

For row 5:

v Database access (Heavy) NC Third Floor

v Email (Heavy) v File transfer(Heavy)

For row 6: NC Basement

v Database access (Heavy) v Email (Heavy) v File transfer(Heavy)

For row 7: OC Basement

v Database access (light) v Email (light)


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v File transfer(light) v Web browsing (light)

Table 4: Different Applications used for Different Profiles Summary of the above step is also shown in figure 18(a) and 18(b):

Figure 18(a): Defined names for each profile

Now see each row or profile applications in the next step.


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Figure 18(b): Defined applications for each profile

From figure 18(b) it can be clearly seen 10 applications (Database access (Heavy), Email (Heavy), File transfer (Heavy), Web browsing (Heavy) are specified for XC first floor ,similarly applications for XC ground floor and XC Basement are also (Database access (Heavy), Email (Heavy), File transfer (Heavy), Web browsing (Heavy) are specified for NC first floor ,similarly applications for NC ground floor and NC Basement are also(Database access (Heavy), Email (Heavy), File transfer (Heavy), Web browsing (Heavy) are specified for OC first floor ,similarly applications for OC ground floor and OC Basement are also shown in the figure 18(b).


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Now the last step in profile configuration is the setting of Repeatability for each profile. These settings are given below in the table 5:

Attribute

Value

Inter repetition Time (sec)

Constant (300)

Number of repetitions

Constant (30)

Repetitions Pattern

Serial

Table 5: Repeatability for each Profile

Also can be seen from figure 19:

Figure 19: Repeatability for each Profile Now go to application configurations edit attributes and open application definition you will see 16 rows now over there now each row here having the descriptions about there application .


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We are not changing the default values and descriptions but if can be changed according to the requirement. For example open the row 15 which is about web browsing (light) and also open its description as shown in figure 20(a):

Figure 20(a): Application description of web browsing (light)

As we are using HTTP in web browsing that’s way all the others are off. Now open HTTP and click on the edit you will see this window shown in figure 20(b):


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Figure 20(b): HTTP Table

Now you can set the descriptions about you web browsing, specifications about your browser, its page properties, type of service etc. As our users are random and each user has different versions of web browsers, properties etc. so we are not changing these default values. However the network administrator can change these values to give better quality of service to the users, because he knows about their systems, system supporting profiles, system configurations and software or applications which are installed on their systems. As none of above is constant in All campus all the users have random descriptions about their applications so we are taking the default values set in the OPNET for applications descriptions.

4.4.3 Wireless workstations configurations: As we have described before we have basement, ground floor and first floor in the All campuses .we took survey of these places and found that the maximum users exist at ground floor of every Campus. Very small percent of users are at basement as well as at first floor of campuses.


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Now we will configure these users and we will provide them profiles which we have described above in profile configuration section now we will give those profiles to the users and what kind of applications they can use they are also defined in these profiles (done in profile configuration section). Double click on subnet of campus in which you want enter. In the XC_first_floor subnet. You will see the network like shown in figure 21:

Figure 21: First floor of XC Campus Ø Right click on any workstation and go to its edit attributes Ø Select application supported profiles → edit→ take row=1→ now select profile name XC first floor. Also shown in figure 22(a):


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Figure 22(a): Attributes of Work Stations Select edit .select rows=1 and in it profile name XC first floor.

Figure 22(b): Supported Profiles for Workstations

Figure 22(c): Selected Profile for Workstations

Ø Now in edit attributes select application supported services→ all As this computer can support all the services, but we have defined it in its profile XC first floor so that it can use only Database access (Heavy), Email (Heavy), File transfer (Heavy), Web browsing (Heavy) .All other applications will be blocked automatically.


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Ø Now open wireless LAN parameters and select Data rate → 11mbps Other set configurations are shown in figure 23

Figure 23: WLAN parameters of workstation Now apply these settings to all the XC first floor workstations. For the workstations of the ground floor and basement all the settings will be the same instead of application supported profiles. Give each workstation its supported profile according to the floor that workstation is connected. Workstations of ground floor will be given the application supported profiles of XC ground floor; similarly the workstations of basement will be getting the application supported profiles of XC basement. LAN Workstations Configurations Select application supported profiles → edit→ take row=1→ now select


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Select edit .select rows=1 and in it profile name Nc first floor Ø Now in edit attributes select application supported services→ all As this computer can support all the services, but we have defined it in its profile NC first floor so that it can use only Database access (Heavy), Email (Heavy), File transfer (Heavy), Web browsing (Heavy) .All other applications will be blocked automatically.

Ø Now open LAN parameters and select Data rate → 100mbps Now apply these settings to all the NC first floor workstations. For the workstations of the ground floor and basement all the settings will be the same instead of application supported profiles. Give each workstation its supported profile according to the floor that workstation is connected.


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Workstations of ground floor will be given the application supported profiles of NC ground floor; similarly the workstations of basement will be getting the application supported profiles of NC basement.

4.4.4 Wireless servers Configurations: The settings for all 3 local servers are the same. So we have the advantage is if any of a wireless server fails then the services of the network can be supported from the other two wireless servers. Settings are as follows: Ø Right click upon server select edit attributes Ø Go to Application supported services → edit → rows = 8 And select those 8 which are shown in figure 24

Figure 24: WLAN servers (Application Supported Services)


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Ø Now next step is application supported profiles Application supported profiles → edit → rows =3 Select the profiles shown in figure 25

Figure 25: WLAN servers (Application Supported Profiles) Ø Now go to wireless LAN parameters and select Data rate → 11mbps


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LAN Servers Configuration: The settings for all 3 local servers are the same. So we have the advantage is if any of a Lan server fails then the services of the network can be supported from the other two Lan servers. Settings are as follows: Ø Right click upon server select edit attributes Ø Go to Application supported services → edit → rows = 8

LAN servers (Application Supported Services)

Ø Now next step is application supported profiles Application supported profiles → edit → rows =3


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Ø Now go to LAN parameters and select Data rate → 100mbps 4.4.5 Access Points Configurations: Ø Right click upon 1st access point of NC first floor go to its wireless LAN parameters and select data rate of 11mbps. This step is same for all the access points of the whole network. Ø Now as we know we have multiple Access points at single floor all the access points are transmitting signals so the problem arises here that how a workstation will connect to a single access point because workstation is getting signals from all of the access points. Ø For solving this problem as we know each access point has the finite range of 100meters. All the signals of different frequencies transmitting by different access points are over lapping with each other. You can see it in figure 26 a


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given below. The signals transmitting pattern of access points are Omni directional.

Figure 26: Omni directional patterns of signal transmission of access points.

So that access points do not interfere with each others frequencies we have to give basic service set (BSS) for each access point and same number of BSS will be awarded to the workstations which will connect to that specific access point you can also see it from figure 27.


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Figure 27: Basic Service Set BSS Allocation By combining all these BSS they will from an ESS (Extended service set) So the configuration steps on OPNET are shown below: Ø Go to edit attributes of Access point, open wireless LAN parameters. Give BSS identifier a unique id .same id will be given to the workstations connected with it. Other settings can be shown from figure 28:


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Figure 28: Configurations for Access points

In our project we have given BSS D1 to 6 to the access points of XC first floor simultaneously. Similarly BSS ID 7 to 14 to the access points of XC ground floor simultaneously 15 and 16 BSS ID is given to the access points of XC Basement’s access points. Ø Access point functionality → enabled Ø Physical characteristics → frequency hopping


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4.4.6 HTTP and FTP Servers Configurations: v Email (heavy) Supported services of HTTP server

v Email (light)

are

v Web browsing (heavy) v Web browsing (light) v File transfer (heavy)

Supported services of FTP server are

v File transfer(light) v Database Access (heavy) v Database Access (light)

Table 6: Settings for the HTTP and FTP Servers

4.4.6.1 For FTP server: Edit attributes → application→ supported services → edit →rows=4

Figure 29(a): FTP Server (Application Supported Services)


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4.4.6.2 For HTTP server: Edit attributes → application→ supported services → edit →rows=4

Figure 29(b): HTTP Server (Application Supported Services)

4.5 Links between Nodes: Proper connections must be made between the devices otherwise network both will not be complete and will not give you the any results. Ø All the links will be make with 100baseT cable except the line of router and IP cloud, and router and firewall it will be made with PPPDS1 Ø These cables are places in the internet toolbox of the object palette.


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Figure 30: Internet Toolbox

Ø 100baseT is a 100mbps link connection cable Ø PPPDS1 is ADSL link which gives data rate of 1.5mbps After this all the connections must be checked for this purpose click this button select verify link and then click ok. It will check all the connections of the network, if all the connections are proper and done without mistakes then the following message must be appear on screen ALL LINKS AND PATHS ARE CONNECTED PROPERLY.

________________________________________


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Chapter # 5 5. Choosing Statistics As we have modeled and configured our network now the next and very important step is to simulate it and analyze its results. First step is how you will collect the statistics. Statistics can be collected of the entire network as well as the individual nodes. First of all we will tell how to choose statistics of individual nodes?

5.1 Collecting Statistics of workstations: Ø Right click on any work station Ø Choose individual statistics

Ø Click on it and you will see the following window shown in figure 31


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Figure 31: Choose individual statistics of workstation Ø From figure 31 we have choose only wireless LAN statistics. You can see other statistics as well but we have chosen only wireless LAN statistics as our project is on WLAN. Now do the same above steps for every workstation of the network.

5.2 Collecting statistics of Access points: Ø Right click on any Access point Ø Choose individual statistics Ø Select wireless LAN as shown in figure 32 Ø Do these steps for every access point.


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Figure 32: Choose individual statistics of Access point Do the same procedure for wireless server as well and select wireless LAN for its statistics. For router right click upon it and choose the statistics as shown in figure 33:

Figure 33: Choose individual statistics of Router

Chosen Statistics for FTP and HTTP servers can be seen from figure 34(a) and 34(b) respectively:


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Figure 34(a): FTP server’s statistics

Figure 34(b): HTTP server’s statistics No need to set the statistics of IP cloud and firewall.

Collecting statistics of Switch: Ø Right click on any Switch Ø Choose individual statistics Ø Select Ethernet as shown in figure Ø Do these steps for every Switch

Ø Do the same procedure for Lan server as well and select LAN for its statistics. Ø For router right click upon it and choose the statistics as shown in figure


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Chosen Statistics for FTP and HTTP servers.

No need to set the statistics of IP cloud and firewall.


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5.3 Collecting global statistics of the network: We can also get the statistics of the whole network instead of single nodes. For this just right click on the work space. The following window will appear.

From the above window choose:

5.3.1 For global statistics: Ø Email Ø Ethernet Ø FTP Ø HTTP

Ø Wireless LAN Ø LAN 5.3.2 For link statistics: Ø Point to point 5.4 PING:

Place IP Attribute Config control into the workspace.

This can be

found in internet toolbox palette. Ø Right click upon it go to edit attributes Ø IP ping parameter →row 0 pattern → default Ø Open details interval (sec) →90


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Ø Count → 1000 Ø Record route →enable

Figure 35: IP attribute Configuration

Ø From internet toolbox select ip_ping_traffic Ø Now you can ping any node with it. For example we use it for node of basement workstation named Basement User to the HTTP server. Ip_ping_traffic can be seen in the figure. After selecting HTTP server, do right click from mouse and select Abort Demand Definition.


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Figure 36: Ip_ping_traffic flow Ø Right click on flow line and click upon edit attributes and then set Ø Ping pattern → default Ø Start time →constant (1000) Row we have to choose the routing protocol RIP From project editor select protocols → IP→ routing → configure routing protocol →select RIP→ ok Ø Again go to Protocols → RIP→ configure start time → select mean outcome: 20 →ok

Ø After enabling RIP protocol network will look like shown in figure 37:


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Figure 37: RIP protocol enabled

Now click on this button

to run the simulation. Before running it we need to

do some changes in this window as well. Which are as follow? Ø Set Duration for 30 minutes Ø Seed 128 Now click on the global attributes of this window and select: Ø RIP Sims efficiency → Disabled (RIP messages will be sent all the time during simulation) Ø RIP stop time →10000 (Routing tables will be updated all the time during simulation) Ø IP routing table Export/Import → Export (Will be in the form of file at the end of simulation)

Figure 38: Simulation configuration


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Ø Now run the simulation

Figure 39: Simulation is running for 1800 sec

Figure 40: Simulation completed


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Chapter # 6 6. Result Analysis of Ping Report and Graphs After running the simulation you need to know about the results, how many errors occurred? , how many warnings? And you want to see the Ping Repot and graphs. For getting the answers of these questions do the following steps: Ø Click upon Results on the task bar and go to open simulation log. Shown in figure 41:

Figure 41: Opening simulation log Ø You will see the figure 42 when you will open simulation log. Simulation log for this project we have: Ø (0) Errors Ø (0) Warnings Ø (1) Symptom

Ø Ping Report


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Figure 42: Simulation log Browser

Results Analysis: All of the results and statistics which we have declared in chapter 5 we can see now.

6.1 Results of ping report: For viewing results of ping report: Ø Go to results → open simulation log → open ping report This is the ping report which we have configured in chapter 5 with Ip_ping_traffic Ping report is shown in figure 43(a). From figure 43(b) you can understand the results of ping report easily.


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Figure 43(a): Ping Report

Figure 43(b): for understanding of Ping Report


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Now we will observe the statistics of individual nodes first then we will see the results of whole network (global statistics).To check results of each node you just right click upon it and select view results. For viewing the results of whole network just right click on the empty area of the workspace and select view results.

6.2 Load Vs Throughput: Load represents the total load (in bits/sec) submitted to LAN Layers by all other higher layers in all LAN nodes of the network. Furthermore, Throughput represents the total number of bits (in bits/sec) forwarded from LAN layers to higher layers in all LAN nodes of the network.

6.3 Results of workstations: Select randomly two workstations from each floor and see their LAN results and at last we will compare it with the results of total and overall LAN network. Results of LAN of 1st floor workstations (Node 3 and Node 10 randomly selected) shown in figure 44 Results of LAN of 2nd floor workstations (Node 7 and Node 15 randomly selected) shown in figure 45


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Figure 44: Load, Delay and Throughput of first floor Node 3 and Node 10


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Figure 45: Load, Delay and Throughput of first floor Node 7 and Node 15

Now we can clearly see there is the difference between the load and throughput of Node of 1st floor and 2nd floor this is why because 1st floor Node are using heavy applications while 2nd floor Node are using light applications that’s why the load of 1st floor is more than 2nd floor.

6.4 Results of Access Points: We have randomly select results of WLAN of 1 access point (access point 1) from first floor 1 from Nc Second Floor (access point 2) and 2 from NC ground floor (AP 2 and AP 1)


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Figure 46: Results of Access Point 1 and 2


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Figure 47: Load, Delay and Throughput of Access points of different floors


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Results of Switches:

These are some results of NC Labs Switch.


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6.5 LAN Results of local Server:

Figure 48: Load, Delay and Throughput of local server


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6.6 Results of Router: RIP graph

Ethernet channel

Figure 49: RIP and Ethernet channel graphs

Figure 50: CPU Utilization


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6.7 Graphs of HTTP and FTP Servers: 6.7.1 HTTP SERVER: Ethernet

Figure 51(a): Load and Ethernet delay

Figure 51(b) Traffic Sent and Traffic Received


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6.7.2 FTP SERVER: Ethernet load/delay

Figure 52(a): Load and Delay

Figure 52(b): Traffic Sent and Traffic Received


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Now we will check the overall load, delay, data dropped and throughput of the LAN and WLAN network

6.8 Overall Average load, delay, throughput and data drop of the Network

Figure 53: Average Load and Delay of LAN

Figure 53: Average Load and Delay of WLAN


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Figure 54: Average Throughput and Data dropped of WLAN

Figure 55: Ethernet Delay of LAN

6.9 Email response of the whole network


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Figure 56: Traffic sent, traffic received, download and upload time of Email


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6.10 Viewing of Numerical Results You can also find the numerical values of all the graphs Go to results and select find top results now open node statistics Now open Switch. You will find this figure 57:

Figure 57: Numerical Statistics Select load (bits/sec) and click find top results Now you will see the figure 58 given below it contain all the LAN nodes and there results


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Figure 58: Numerical Statistics of LAN load Now select Report on top 50 clicks upon text report.

Figure 59: Text report of load of all of the LAN nodes Similarly we can find the delay of it, and any of the result you want.

6.11 Results of links: We can also find the how much packets, bits/set our links are taking. For this purpose go to results and click upon visualize link statistics Figure 61 shown below will open


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Figure 61: Link Statistics Visualization Select average from peak and click upon show. Now you can right click upon any link and view its result. We are checking the traffic going out from NC first floor

Figure 62: Throughput and queuing delay going out from NC first Floor switch


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Chapter # 7 Future work and conclusion 7.1 Future work Ø You can add an additional internet connection. So, if one of the internet’s Connection fails then the internet access will be possible. Ø In future need to create new scenario need to replace main switch with routers as shown in figure 63.

Figure 63: Future work


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This scenario of figure 63 contains four independent LANs. As our university has separate buildings and Network has been installed in it. These LANs are connected through a Fiber line distribution system. There are two servers in the entire campus, located in two of the four subnets.

By doing this we can get the following results: Ø To demonstrate the communication between two or more LAN network over a Fiber line distribution system. Ø To demonstrate the inter-communication between the Campuses with Fiber line use as Internet backbone. Ø All the campuses will connect each other and will form a network topology better than previous one. Ø This system will be faster and more reliable than the system that was implemented in this project but the logic will be different. The Fiber line distribution system, which consists of four routers, makes the whole system faster.

Ø The project which we have done now if its main switch or router becomes fail the whole university’s network will be failed so it is important to work on the future plan.

7.2 CONCLUSION: Ø Optimum Network Performance (OPNET) Modeler and IT Guru are very useful and powerful tools for network administrators and engineers. OPNET helps us to look inside the network technologies, configurations and the


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simulation techniques and the impact of the different applications on network performance. Ø OPENT can give us very accurate and useful knowledge about the nodes (Devices) of the network, about protocols of the network, applications using by the users and their impact on the servers and upon the whole network. Ø By using this useful information and analysis of the network OPNET helps us in the understanding of network operations, engineering, planning, and application development to optimize performance and availability of our networks and applications. Ø Furthermore, the results of this project which we have got from simulation of NC campus are normal and expected. These results are very good and are near to the real network of the NC campus.

Finally, all the objectives of this project which are the detailed description of LAN and Wireless networks and their technologies, the detailed description of the IEEE 802.08,802.09,802.10,802.11 protocol and their operating modes, the detailed analysis of OPNET editors and link modeling, the Familiarization with OPNET, the detailed description for the implementation of a Local Area Network and Wireless Local Area Network on OPNET and Configuration, Simulation and the discussion of the results of the LAN are met in this thesis. ______________________________________________

References

i

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi

ii

http://www.wifinotes.com/wi-fi-modes.html


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iii

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_set_(802.11_network)

iv

http://www.opnet.com/solutions/network_rd/modeler.html

v

http://www.opnet.com/solutions/network_rd/high_fidelity_modeling.html

vi

http://www.opnet.com/solutions/network_rd/high_fidelity_modeling.html


Modeling and simulation of Computer Network using OPNET

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